Unit 04: Nutrients

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Unit 04: 2010
Nutrients
Biology
Water
lunctions of woter
O Medlum ln whlch chemlcal reacLlons occur
O elps Lo LransporL dlssolved subsLances around Lhe body
4 lgesLed food
4 creLory roducLs
4 ormones
O ey ComponenL of
4 roLoplasm
4 ubrlcanLs found ln [olnLs
4 lgesLlve !ulces
4 lood
4 @lssue lluld
lunctions of woter ln 4nimo/s
O ydrolysls ln lgesLlon
O ConLrol Lhe ody @emperaLure (SweaL)
lunctions of woter ln l/owerinq P/onts
O hoLosynLhesls
O eep lanL Cells @urgld or llrm (lanL uprlghL)
O @ransporL Mlneral SalLs up Lhe ylem
O @ransporL food subsLances around Lhe planL

Carbohydrates
whot ore corbohydrotes?
O eneral formula C
n

m
C
m

O @he number of oygen ls Lwo Llmes lesser Lhan Lhe hydrogen
lunctions of corbohydrotes
O SubsLraLe for 8esplraLlon (rovlde nergy for Cell AcLlvlLles)
O lorms supporLlng sLrucLures (cell wall)
O ConverLed lnLo oLher organlc compounds such as amlno aclds and faLs
O lormaLlon of nuclelc Aclds (nA)
O @o SynLheslze lubrlcanLs (mucus)
O SynLheslze Lhe necLar ln some flowers


Unit 04: Nutrients

inq/e uqors
O nose lound ln all anlmals aL leasL ln small quanLlLles
O rntose Common ln lanLs 8are ln Anlmals
O aantose resenL ln Mllk Sugar from Mammals
oub/e uqors
O MalLose
4 (C8) lucose + lucose MalLose + WaLer
4 (8) MalLose + WaLer lucose + lucose
O Sucrose
4 (C8) lucose + lrucLose Sucrose + WaLer
4 (8) Sucrose + waLer lucose + lrucLose
O acLose
4 (C8) lucose + alacLose acLose + WaLer
4 (8) acLose + waLer lucose + alacLose
comp/ex uqors
O tarnh Made sLored ln planLs
4 ong sLralghL or branched chaln of glucose molecules
4 May ConLaln several Lhousand glucose molecules
O ynogen Made SLored ln anlmals and fungl buL noL planLs
4 lycogen conslsLs of hlghly branched chalns of glucose molecules
O Ceose lorms Lhe maln parL of planL cell walls
4 Cellulose ls slmllar Lo sLarch buL llnked ln a dlfferenL way
4 Cellulose forms Lhe dleL of mammals



Unit 04: Nutrients

/ycoqen torch ore stores of /ucose why?

O nsoluble ln waLer Lherefore do noL change waLer poLenLlal
O arge molecules whlch cannoL dlffuser Lhrough membrane (wlll noL be losL)
O aslly be hydrolyzed Lo glucose when need
O CompacL shapes so Lhey occupy less space
ntyme hydro/ysis of torch
O Amylase breaks bonds releaslng malLose
O MalLase breaks bond furLher releaslng glucose
ats
O laLs have no fled proporLlon (uL C

ls much lesser Lhan ydrogen)

O Anlmal laLs or lanL laLs
O laL Molecule + WaLer molecule lycerol + @hree laLLy Acld Molecules

Charanter|st|ns of atrated ats Charanter|st|ns of Unsatrated ats
lound mosLly ln Anlmals lound mosLly ln vegeLables
laLLy Acld Chalns are sLralghL laLLy acld chalns are benL ln some places
MosL saLuraLed faLs are solld aL room
LemperaLure (buLLer)
unsaLuraLed laLs are llquld aL room
LemperaLure (Cllve Cll)
O olysaLuraLed faLs and cholesLerol ln Lhe dleL may cause coronary hearL dlsease
O unsaLuraLed faLs are LhoughL Lo reduce Lhe cholesLerol level ln Lhe blood

lunctions of fots
O A source sLore of energy
O nsulaLlng maLerlal LhaL prevenLs ecesslve heaL loss
O @hlck layer of faL (blubber) beneaLh Lhe skln helps Lo reduce heaL loss
O A solvenL for faLsoluble vlLmanlns and many oLher vlLal subsLances (hormones)
O ssenLlal arL of roLoplasm
O Way Lo reduce waLer loss from Lhe skln surface

rote|ns
O roLelns olypepLldes Amlno Aclds
O n mosL proLelns chalns are colled or folded glvlng Lhe proLeln a more comple shape
O When Lhe weak bonds are broken Lhe proLeln loses lLs shape and proLeln ls denaLured

why must protein be broken down?
O roLeln molecules are Loo large Lo pass
O @herefore proLeln musL be dlgesLed
lunctions of Proteins?
O n Lhe synLhesls of new proLoplasm for growLh and repalr of wornouL body cells
O n Lhe synLhesls of enzymes and hormones
O n Lhe formaLlon of anLlbodles Lo combaL dlseases