Vaisala AviMet®

Automated Weather
Observing System
/ Software description
Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) is a reliable solution for aviation weather observation from regional
aviation facilities to large international airports.

Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing

System

Figure 1 A typical Vaisala AviMet® AWOS CATIII System

Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) is a fully configurable airport
weather system that collects, processes, and visually displays surface meteorological data. This
data is used in various reports and forecasts, and in precision and non-precision approaches.
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS is an integral part of the AviMet® technology platform, a solid platform
that is fully scalable, utilizes latest technology, and complies with ICAO.

Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System
(AWOS) provides high quality aviation meteorological
data to the air traffic controllers, pilots, and other users
at the airport and beyond. All Vaisala systems for aviation
weather observation conform to the international ICAO
standards and recommendations, as well as WMO
regulations. The systems are specifically designed to
utilize state-of-the-art sensors and computer technology
available, and ensuring thereby the superior accuracy and
performance in the measurement and reporting of aviation
weather data.
Vaisala AviMet comprises of the technology platform,
services, and a growing set of end-user applications
ranging from ATC to de-icing applications.
Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System
(AWOS) is part of the AviMet® technology platform. Other
major systems based on the platform are: Vaisala AviMet®
Low-Level Windshear Alert System (LLWAS) and Vaisala
AviMet® Runway Visual Range System (RVR).
The LLWAS and RVR systems can be easily upgraded to
a full-scale AviMet AWOS system. They can also be fully
integrated into an existing AviMet AWOS.

PART OF VAISALA AVIMET® To maximize safety and operational efficiency at the

TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
Vaisala AviMet® is a total aviation weather management
solution that bridges the gap between weather and
aviation operations. It brings weather information to those
who need it, when they need it and in the optimal format
for their specific use.
airport, all AviMet systems are always tailored according
to your local airport requirements. Thus, your AviMet
can be customized to detect runway conditions and more
problematic weather phenomena such as lightning.

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Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather
Observing System
Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System
(AWOS) system validates, processes, stores, and visually
presents data generated by a variety of meteorological
sensors and other devices.
Vaisala AviMet AWOS calculates aviation meteorological
data such as pressure values (QFE, QNH), Runway Visual
Range, and generates various weather reports, such as
METAR, MET REPORT, and SYNOP reports.
The Vaisala AviMet AWOS report formatting is in
accordance with ICAO Annex 10 Volume II. Message
formats IA-5 and ITA-2 are supported for the messages
sent to the AFTN and GTS network.
Vaisala AviMet® Low-Level Windshear
Alert System
Vaisala AviMet® Low-Level Windshear Alert System
(LLWAS) is a ground-based system that detects low-level
windshear in the runway corridors. Vaisala AviMet LLWAS
can fundamentally improve safety and operating efficiency
at airports that experience low-level horizontal windshear.
The system warns the ATC personnel in advance about
hazardous windshear conditions at the airport. The ATC
personnel can pass the warning on to the pilots, who can
take precautionary measures.
To generate windshear alerts and warnings, Vaisala AviMet
LLWAS retrieves and processes the wind data using the
Phase III windshear algorithm that was developed for the
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) by the National
Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).
Vaisala AviMet® Runway Visual Range
System
Vaisala AviMet® Runway Visual Range System (RVR)
provides fully automated runway visual range assessment
and reporting for airports. In categorized airports, the RVR
system is an integral part of AWOS.
The AviMet RVR software calculates the RVR values from
the visibility, background luminance, and runway light
setting data. The system can distribute RVR values and
alarms to, for example, PCs, chart recorders, and other
digital displays.
The reporting format of the RVR values is ICAO compliant,
and the values can be used in the METAR
and MET REPORT reports. The calculated RVR values
are also displayed on the ATC displays.
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KEY BENEFITS
Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System
(AWOS) offers the following key benefits for weather
observation at the airports.
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS:
• is fully configurable.
• is truly modular.
• has an open software and system architecture.
• complies with international ICAO standards
and WMO regulations.
• provides superior data accuracy and consistency.
Fully Configurable System
The system design and performance of each Vaisala
AviMet® AWOS system is customized to match the
system perfectly with the operational requirements of
every airport. The customized configuration guarantees
accurate and reliable observations, and, at the same time,
maximizes the safety of airport operations.
Every airport experiences unique weather according to
its geographical location, microclimate, and the changing
seasons. The AviMet AWOS software and sensor suite can
be customized to measure any weather parameters that
are part­icularly problematic at a specific airport.
The following calculations and meteorological data
parameters can be included in Vaisala AviMet® AWOS.
Meteorological Data and Calculations:
• Wind
• Temperature
• Clouds
• Pressure
• Visibility
• Humidity
• Dew point
• Solar radiation
• Lightning
• Present weather
• Runway condition
• Runway Visual Range
• Other user-defined calculations
In addition, AviMet AWOS software application sets are
fully configurable, and they can contain applications for
measuring other parameters including non-meteorological
data. For example, the ATC supervisor can update
the Runway in Use information with an AviMet AWOS
application, or the system can receive the Runway in Use
information from another source or system.
True Modularity
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS is easy to upgrade and update
with new sensors, workstations, and software. Due to its
modular architecture, Vaisala AviMet AWOS can easily
grow from a regional airport system to a full-featured and
multi-user system for large international airports. ICAO
categories up to CAT IIIB are covered. Upgrades can be
safely carried out even while the system is running.
For example, Vaisala can deliver a mid-sized AviMet AWOS
to airports requiring an economically priced system.
The solution can cover the basic set of aviation weather
parameters (wind, temperature, humidity, and air
pressure) as well as Vaisala AviMet METAR software and
report distribution, for example, via AFTN, GTS, or AMHS.
Later AviMet AWOS can be upgraded economically to
measure rain, present weather, visibility, and cloud height.
Open Software and System Architecture
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS system has an open software
and system architecture, which ensure smooth system
integration. The meteorological data of AviMet AWOS can
simply be integrated into ATC, airport-wide service and
maintenance systems, and other meteorological systems.
The AviMet AWOS software runs on the Windows® and
Linux environments. Commercial off-the-shelf computers
and network components are used whenever possible.
Furthermore, all AviMet systems have a clear operator
interface that is quick to learn and intuitive.
System Security
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS software utilizes the security
services of the operating system. Multiple user groups
and user accounts with individual passwords protect the
applications and data from unauthorized use. The user
access rights are set up and modified using the operating
system utilities.
Data Accuracy and Consistency
Every Vaisala AviMet® system employs validation
algorithms that are reassessed when ICAO issues
new measurement regulations. Cross-checking rules
ensure that the data read from the sensors is valid for
further processing and dissemination. Powerful internal
diagnostics analyze the data, the operational condition
of the AviMet system itself, and the condition of the
hardware.
The time accuracy of the system can be improved by
synchronizing the CDUs and workstations with a reliable
and accurate time source. The airport time reference
(or the system’s own time reference) is most commonly
provided by an NTP Server that receives the time from
GPS or DCF.
Compliance with International Standards
and Regulations
Vaisala solutions are always designed to fulfill ICAO
standards and re­commendations. AviMet® AWOS
system complies also with WMO regulations. The system
complies, for example, with the relevant parts of the
following primary design documents:
Primary Design Documents
▪ ICAO Annex 3: for data processing and reporting
practices
▪ ICAO Annex 5: for units of measurements
▪ ICAO Annex 10: Aeronautical Telecommunications
▪ ICAO Doc 8896: Manual of Aeronautical
Meteorological Practice
▪ ICAO Doc 9328: Manual of Runway Visual Range
Observing and Reporting Practices
▪ ICAO Doc 9837: Manual on Automatic
Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes
▪ WMO Manual 2: Meteorological Services of the
World
▪ WMO Manual 8: Guide to Meteorological
Instruments and Methods of Observation
▪ WMO Manual 9: Weather Reporting (Volumes A
and C)
▪ WMO Manual 49: Technical Regulations (Volumes I,
II and III)
▪ WMO Manual 306: Manual on Codes (Volume I,
parts A and B, Volume II)
▪ WMO Manual 386: Manual on the Global
Telecommunication System (Volumes I and II)
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Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) is designed to collect, store, and distribute data reliably,
accurately, and in most suitable output format taking into account the end-user group and the communications output formats used at
the airport.

System Overview
A typical Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) consists of the field
sensors, Central Data Unit(s), workstations and their software, communication interfaces, and a
database.

A minimum installation of Vaisala AviMet® AWOS consists
of sensors, communications equipment, and one Central
Data Unit (CDU). In this case, the CDU works also as a
workstation and runs the software applications. The
minimum system can be expanded without any limits to
the system size. The following table lists the components
of a typical system.
Components of a typical Vaisala AviMet® AWOS:
• Instrument cabinet containing the CDU(s)
• Communications equipment
• Observer workstation
In duplicated systems, the two CDUs operate
independently but are connected via LAN and process the
same data. If one CDU fails, the other continues working
without any disruption to system performance. If desired,
the two CDUs can be physically separated, for example,
installed in different buildings for additional safety.
The Vaisala AviMet AWOS system architecture does not set
any limitations for the number of workstations connected
to the system. At smaller airports, the number of the
workstations varies typically from one to three, when at
large international airports there can be easily more than
twenty workstations.

• Forecaster workstation
• Weather View workstations
• Remote Control and Maintenance (RCM) workstation
• Digital displays
• Printers for data and alarms
• Field sensors, associated power and signal cabling,
and installation accessories
• UPS for the Central Data Unit(s)

All critical functions of the aisala AviMet AWOS system

can be duplicated to ensure uninterrupted flow of data. As
a result, a failure of a sensor, data processor, or any other
critical computing component (hard disk, power supply,
network adapter) will not affect the data output in value,
quality, continuity, or immediacy.

Figure 2 presents an overview of a duplicated CDU system

and illustrates how the system components are linked, and Figure 2 Example of Vaisala AviMet AWOS Indoor Equipment
how the CDUs control the operation of the entire system. and Network

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SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE WORKSTATION EXTERNAL
The Vaisala AviMet® AWOS software consists of the CDU Data display and editing DEVICES
software and the workstation software. The CDU services Application Diagnostic METAR/ MET
REPORT/ Digital Displays
toolbar Monitor SPECI SPECIAL
are background processes that perform main operational
tasks, monitor, and control the system operation. Weather Runway Sensors
Diagnostics Actuals
View in Use
Workstation software provides an easy-to-use interface for
launching and operating end-user applications. ASCII
TAF SIGMET
AFTN
Log View

TCP/IP

Central Data Unit (CDU) TCP/IP CENTRAL DATA UNIT (CDU)

The Central Data Unit (CDU) is the main computer of Data processing and analysis Data acquisition
the Vaisala AviMet® AWOS system. It collects data from and dissemination
Alarm Meteorological
the sensors and performs meteorological calculations, processing calculations
TCP/IP

Data storage Input/Output

generates reports, and carries out continuous diagnostics services System
Message
of the incoming data and the entire system itself. The CDU generators Diagnostics
also stores the measured and calculated data as well as
the transmitted reports.

The CDU software is divided into numerous services.
These services are background processes, which start
automatically when the operating system is started.
A service receives data either from sensors or other
services. The service processes the data and forwards
it to other services or end-user applications. There can
also be input from the user interface.
The Input/Output system controls the data flow to and
from the runway sensors. It also monitors the operation
of automatic weather stations, data transmitters, and
the sensors themselves. Most importantly, this service
validates incoming message correctness. Additionally,
it takes care of AFTN and GTS data transmission, as well as
controls the data output to the interfaces.
The meteorological calculation services validate the
incoming measurement data, and derive additional
variables such as QNH and RVR. The diagnostic services,
on the other hand, validate data and control alarm
processing. Alarms can be triggered by the meteorological
calculation services, Input/Output system, and by
diagnostic services.
The message generator services are responsible for timing
and generating of the meteorological reports, while the
data storage services store the transmitted reports on the
hard disk of the CDU. The data storage services store also
the measured and calculated data and system alarms.
All software services running on the CDUs can be
duplicated. This means that in case of a failure a hot-stand-
by CDU immediately takes over the tasks of a failed CDU or
even a single process. This further increases operational
reliability, system security, and continuity of data.
Figure 3 Vaisala AviMet AWOS Software Architecture
Workstations
The number of different workstation types in the
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS system depends on the system
configuration. Each workstation type has a preconfigured
workstation environment and includes a different set
of applications.
The Vaisala AviMet AWOS software applications can be
launched from the application toolbar of the user interface.
As each system installation is customized, the software
applications available for each user depend on the system
configuration and workstation type in use. This guarantees
that only the relevant applications are visible for each user
group which, in turn, cuts back the operation time and
improves system safety.
The modular design of the software makes the system
upgrades easy and many changes can be made even
while the system is running. For example, in case of
an equipment failure, the workstation roles can be
interchanged simply by logging in as a different user.
The workstations operate independently from the CDUs.
This means that the workstations and applications
installed on them can be freely started and stopped with
no adverse effect on the system operation. In addition, the
software modules can be smoothly upgraded, added, and
removed according to the specific needs at an airport.
There are four commonly used workstation types:
Observer workstation, Forecaster workstation, Weather
View workstation, and Remote Control and Maintenance
workstation. There are also some additional applications

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for monitoring the condition of the runways. The The most common communication methods of Vaisala
workstation types and their applications are described AviMet AWOS are illustrated in Figure 4.
later in more detail.

Overall, the Vaisala AviMet AWOS workstation software Database

is easy to use, quick to learn, and provides unparalleled The Vaisala AviMet AWOS system can contain a relational
flexibility. database for data storing which enables the generation of
long term history reports. The users interrogate the data
using SQL queries, and the numerical data, generated
Communication Methods reports, and graphs can be further distributed or stored.
Vaisala AviMet® AWOS is designed to interface by various
output communication formats and to meet various
communication standards and conventions. Because
of the large amount of information that is generated at
the airports, the most important task is to organize
the information efficiently into clear and easily
understandable output formats. Furthermore, the data
outputs need to be transmitted accurately via various
communication media.

GTS AFTN Ether- TCP/IP UDP GWDI SMS E-mail Data-

net base

AviMet

Copper Optical Radio Modem Serial GSM Digital ATIS Other

wire link line network displays

Figure 4 Vaisala AviMet AWOS Interfaces and Protocols

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On Observer workstations the observers can, depending on the system configuration, edit and send weather reports and warnings,
view sent reports, as well as view data stored on the CDU.

Observer Workstation
On the Observer work­station, the weather reports are conveniently created with pre-configured
template applications. The majority of template data fields are filled in automatically. The
observer can, however, edit or augment the entered data manually. Alternatively, in unmanned
stations the reports can be sent automatically, when no manual editing of data is required.

SUPPORTED REPORTS unnecessary application templates nor unnecessary data

fields in the templates are visible for the user.
The Observer workstation contains templates for editing
and sending the following reports, depending on system
During normal operation, the observer fills in the required
configuration:
manual observations, such as cloud amount, verifies the
• METAR and SPECI automatically generated data, and when needed, sends the
• MET REPORT and SPECIAL reports to the AFTN or GTS network.

• AD WRNG
Manually inserted data can be copied for relevant fields
• WS WRNG from template to another from the report that is being
edited to other report templates in the editing state.
Additionally, the AWOS system can be expanded into a
synoptical or climatological system providing the following
reports:
METAR
At the beginning of the standard editing time the system
• SYNOP
notifies the observer, updates the automatic data on
• CLIMAT the METAR template, and creates the ICAO compliant
As every installation of a Vaisala AviMet® Automated code for the subgroups. Each METAR data group may
Weather Observing System (AWOS) is customized, neither include automatic link(s) to allow practically any data to
be updated automatically. For example, the prevailing
visibility data group can be linked to the prevailing
visibility algorithm, and the cloud data group to the sky
condition algorithm.

The observer then fills in the manual data. While the

template is being edited, the system does not update the
data on the template. However, during the editing process,
the observer can change the data sources for the report
data and update the automatic data with the most recent
data, when needed.

When finished with editing, the observer prompts the

system to build the report. While building, the system
validates that also the manual data is ICAO Annex 3
compliant and displays warnings if this is not the case.
The observer can choose to send the report with the
non-compliant data or correct the data, as applicable. The
observer can edit and build the report as many times as
Figure 5 METAR Template needed to verify the final code.

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The code validations performed by the system depend on
the system configuration. Typically, the system checks that
certain values, for example, temperature, dew point, and
pressure, fall within the normal range. In error situations,
the observer is prompted with clear error messages. With
the over 100 optional advanced crosscheckers, the system
also checks that present weather codes and numeric data
are consistent and that the observer has entered cloud
amount data together with the cloud height data.
Finally, when the report is ready to be sent, the observer
sends the report and the system publishes the report for
further use, for example, sends it to the AFTN or GTS line,
depending on the communications system at the airport,
and/or to other applications in the system.
It is also possible to edit and send the report before the
preconfigured editing time. The system will then place the
edited and “sent” report in a waiting buffer and actually
send it at the preconfigured sending time. If needed, the
report can be recalled for changes during the waiting time.
The user can set the METAR reports to be sent
automatically using the AUTOMETAR mode. This mode
can be always on, or the user can set the system to
AUTOMETAR MODE, for example, at the end of the working
shift.
Figure 6 Manual Observations Template and AFTN Monitor
Applications
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The Vaisala AviMet METAR software supports also sending
corrected and delayed METAR reports.
The sent METAR reports can be viewed in the AFTN
Monitor application and the history files (containing stored
meteorological data, weather reports, and events) in the
ASCII Log view. As Vaisala AviMet AWOS stores data in
delimited ASCII format, the data can also be imported to
spreadsheet applications, such as Microsoft® Excel.
SPECI
The METAR application may include the SPECI
functionality, which will alert the user about a change,
deterioration, or improvement in the weather conditions.
When the predefined SPECI triggering thresholds are
exceeded, the system notifies the observer about it.
SPECI triggering limits are set by default to correspond the
ICAO requirements. However, the limits can be changed in
system configuration or in the Reports application. Also
the default input data can be configured and changed,
separately for SPECI and METAR reports.
If METAR editing time starts during the editing of a SPECI,
or a SPECI is triggered during METAR editing, the SPECI
report can be sent first. On the other hand, if a SPECI is
triggered when a METAR report is in the buffer waiting for
the official sending time, the METAR report can be recalled
for editing and updated and sent instead of a SPECI report.
The observer can also manually trigger the SPECI report,
when needed. Also AUTOSPECI functionality is supported.
MET REPORT/SPECIAL
When configured, also local routine report (MET REPORT)
and SPECIAL reports can be sent using the Reports
application. The main functionality of the MET REPORT/
SPECIAL is very similar to METAR and SPECI, however,
some ICAO standards in coding rules and functionality
differ as applicable.
To accurately report the variance in local weather
conditions, the AviMet MET REPORT software can contain
more than one local wind, visibility, or cloud sites. In
this case, the Runway in Use information defines the
reporting order of the sites. The observer can select which
measurement locations are included in a report.
AD WRNG and WS WRNG
The Vaisala AviMet® AWOS system can contain report
templates for the Aerodrome Warnings, AD WRNG, and
Windshear Warnings, WS WRNG. In both templates, the
content is entered manually using the abbreviated plain
language specified by ICAO. Both applications support
the sending of normal and corrected warning reports.
To guarantee easy and efficient use, the previously sent
report can be opened and edited to create a new report.
CLIMAT
CLIMAT reports summarize the climatological conditions
during a calendar month and are generated from the
data stored in the system’s relational database. The
AviMet CLIMAT template is displayed automatically at
preconfigured times, and most of the data fields are filled
in by the system. The data fields are organized in data
groups and under the group headings defined by WMO.
At the CLIMAT reporting time, the observer checks the
values, enters data into the manual data fields, builds,
and sends the report. The sending of reports can also
be automated. The appearance of the AviMet CLIMAT
template (number of views and data fields) depends on the
system configuration. efined by WMO.

Figure 7 AD WRNG and WS WRNG Applications

SYNOP
The reports for synoptical observations are generated
from the data stored in the system’s relational database Figure 8 SYNOP and CLIMAT Applications
using the SYNOP template. The SYNOP template opens
automatically at the beginning of the report editing time,
and most of the data fields are filled in automatically. The
observer can, however, augment the data manually. The
SYNOP software supports Main, Intermediate, and Non-
standard SYNOP sending times. For ease of use, the data
is displayed in plain language as well as in coded format
specified by WMO. The report template also allows
adding of country specific data groups.

The AviMet SYNOP software contains an extensive set of

data validation checks and each report is validated prior
to sending. The AviMet SYNOP report format complies
with the WMO Manual on Codes and contains sections 0,
1, 3, and 5. The SYNOP software contains also the option
of sending corrected and delayed reports, and supports
operation in AUTOSYNOP mode.

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History Monitor
The History Monitor application is used for retrieving past
measurement and system event data from the system’s
database. The data can be viewed in a table format and
the measurement data, additionally, in a graphical Trend
format. The History Monitor application allows the
observer to monitor trends in the weather from a selected
period of time.

In the History Monitor application it is possible to create

customized views. For example, a view can be customized
to display certain parameters for each runway, data from
a selected time period, or minimum and maximum values
over a certain period. The properties of the graphs can be
also modified according to individual user preferences.

Figure 9 History Monitor Application

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Forecaster workstations contain applications for monitoring and reporting weather conditions at the airport.

Forecaster Workstation
The Forecaster work­stations are used by the airport forecasters to enter, build, and send routine
weather forecasts. These forecasts are sent to the observer work­stations, airport data systems as
well as to other parties to inform about any significant weather phenomena that might affect the
safety of the flight operations.

SUPPORTED REPORTS TREND Field in METAR and MET

Typically, the Forecaster workstation contains one or more REPORT
of the following report template applications: If configured, forecasters use the METAR and MET
• TREND field in METAR REPORT templates to fill in a TREND forecast for the
observer. The TREND forecast is filled in only when
• TREND field in MET REPORT requested, and it can be entered in both METAR and MET
• TAF REPORT formats.
The forecaster can also fill in the Forecaster Remark field
• SIGMET
in the METAR and MET REPORT templates. The Forecaster
• AIRMET Remark field is for additional information that is included
in the final METAR or MET REPORT.
• GAMET

TAF
The forecaster workstation may also contain the AviMet
TAF software. The TAF report templates are used for
editing and sending short or long validity period Terminal
Aerodrome Forecasts. The TAF application can be used for
creating and sending TAF reports to several airports at the
same time.

Normal TAF reports are scheduled by the AviMet system.

The TAF window is activated for editing at the predefined
intervals. Corrected, amended, and delayed TAF reports
can be sent whenever necessary.

At the beginning of the standard editing time the system

notifies the forecaster and updates the automatic data on
the TAF template.
The forecaster then fills in the TAF message for the
airport(s) manually, using the abbreviated plain language
specified by ICAO. Previously sent report can be used as a
Figure 10 TAF Application basis, if needed.

When finished with editing, the forecaster prompts the

system to build the report. While building, the system
validates the TAF header.

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It is also possible to edit and send the report before the
preconfigured editing time. The system will then place the
edited and “sent” report in a waiting buffer and actually
send it at the preconfigured sending time. If needed, the
report can be recalled for changes during the waiting time.

When the report is ready to be sent, the forecasters sends

the report and the system publishes the report for further
use in external or internal systems.

The sent reports can be viewed in the AFTN Monitor

application and the history files in the ASCII Log view.

SIGMET
Forecasters can also enter and transmit SIGMET reports,
which report any significant weather phenomena (as
specified by ICAO in Annex 3) that may affect the safety of
aircraft operation. SIGMET reports are entered manually,
using the abbreviated plain language specified by ICAO.
The previously sent SIGMET report can be opened for Figure 11 SIGMET Application
editing, which significantly reduces the report writing
time. The AviMet SIGMET software supports also the
sending of corrected SIGMET reports.

GAMET and AIRMET

The forecasts for low-level flights are sent using the
GAMET report templates, which appear at predefined
intervals for editing. The forecaster fills in the data fields
and the report manually, using the abbreviated plain
language specified by ICAO. The GAMET reports are sent
to the AFTN or GTS interface. The AviMet GAMET software
supports the sending of delayed, corrected, and amended
GAMET reports, whenever necessary.

If an en-route weather phenomenon occurs, or is expected

to occur, which has not been included in the scheduled
GAMET report, an AIRMET report can be sent. The AviMet
AIRMET software supports also the sending
of corrected AIRMET reports.

The GAMET and AIRMET code forms are contained in

WMO Publication No. 306, Manual on Codes, Volume I.1,
Part A - Alphanumeric Codes.

Figure 12 Gamet and Airmet Applications

14 Vaisala AviMet AWOS Software Decscription

Weather View workstations provide real-time weather data at ATC facilities, weather offices, and MET briefing rooms, and basically, to
any user at the airport.

Weather View Workstation

On the Weather View workstations, the users can view the weather data in real-time. The
amount of displays, the display layout as well as the data fields can be configured according to
user needs and preferences.

The data fields of the Weather View application can

contain various weather data, for example, visibility, cloud,
and pressure data. The data values are either instant
values or calculated average values. In any case, the data
is processed, and the values are shown according to the
ICAO recommendations and user preferences.

In data processing, Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather

Observing System (AWOS) can take the runway landing
direction into account, and adjust the reporting order of
the meteoro­logical sites accordingly. The ATC supervisor
can set the runway landing direction in the Runway in
Use Manager application. The ATC supervisor can also
configure the reporting order of the runways.

Additionally, the Weather View application can be

configured to display latest reports. When a new report
is generated, the system updates the report field
automatically.

In Weather View, the weather data can be viewed in textual

as well as in graphical formats. Consequently, there can
be multiple display pages on one workstation for various
purposes and display formats. Figure 13 An Example Weather View Display

The Weather View screens are easy to use with clear

color-codes indicating the status of the data. Depending
on the configuration, the workstation can also display
audiovisual alarms which the users or user groups can
acknowledge. Typically, there are three different alerts:
Alarm, Warning, and Notification. Depending on system
configuration, other alert types can be used and sound
alarms may be added.
As each AviMet AWOS system is customized, the amount
of displays and data visible depends on the system
configuration.
For example, if the LLWAS functionality is included in
the AviMet system, there will be additional LLWAS
information on the real-time Weather View displays.
Thunderstorm Warnings
The nature of the airport operations makes them
extremely vulnerable for lightning hazards. Up-to-the-
minute lightning tracking and warnings enable the airport
ground personnel to protect sensitive equipment in
most timely manner and ensure safety. For this reason,
the lightning data displayed on the Weather View
application is often available to the airport safety and
operations managers.
15
Remote Control and Maintenance (RCM) workstations contain system diagnostics and maintenance applications that ensure the
continuous and reliable system monitoring and troubleshooting.

Remote Control and Maintenance Workstation

The RCM workstations are for the maintenance personnel to monitor and troubleshoot the entire
Vaisala AviMet® Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS). The AviMet AWOS software
contains several self-diagnostic and validation tools, which systematically detect errors and
ensure reliable system operation.

The Remote Control and Maintenance workstation
presents the AviMet system status to maintenance
personnel in plain language, and allows them to
acknowledge alarm conditions and take action before
problems arise.
The end-user applications in the RCM workstation
use clear color codes for indicating different levels of
system events and error situations. Utilizing the mobile
technology, the Vaisala AviMet AWOS system messages
and alarms can also be sent as SMS or e-mail messages.

The following are the typical maintenance and

troubleshooting tools, Diagnostics application being the DIAGNOSTICS
main tool: The Diagnostics application is the main tool for the
• Diagnostics maintenance personnel. It enables the following:
• Monitoring and controlling the status of the CDU(s).
• Diagnostic Monitor
• Monitoring the status of processes and applications.
• SensorIO Monitor
• Monitoring system events.
• Sensor Terminal
• Accessing other AviMet maintenance applications.
• Optionally, viewing the statuses of all devices in the system
using a graphical overview display.

Figure 14 Diagnostics Application

16 Vaisala AviMet AWOS Software Decscription

Monitoring and Controlling CDU Status
The Diagnostics application checks and displays the
status of the CDU(s). In addition, the application enables
changing the switch-over mode and changing the active
CDU.

Monitoring Processes and Applications

The Diagnostics application provides lists of all AviMet
processes and applications and their status. For example,
missing processes are clearly indicated with color coding
in the Diagnostics main view.

Monitoring System Events

Diagnostics is the application for monitoring system
events, in other words, changes in the operation of sensors
and the CDUs. In the application, the user can view and Figure 15 Sensor Terminal Application
acknowledge system events. New events are indicated with
clear color coding and optional audio alert.

The system events are divided into different categories.

Some of the events need to be acknowledged (by an
observer or maintenance personnel), and based on the
type and status of the event, the operator has to decide on
further action.
Viewing Device Statuses
Optionally, the Diagnostics application contains a
graphical presentation that displays the statuses of all
devices in the system. The devices are represented with
symbols on an image map of the system. The status of
each device is indicated with device symbol colors and
alarm and warning symbols.
This part of the application also enables viewing system
events for a specific part of the system only.
REMOTE SERVICE CONNECTION
Vaisala technical support service may also include
a remote monitoring and diagnostic support for the
AviMet® AWOS installation. The modern communication
alternatives enable Vaisala technical specialists to perform
remote in-depth analyses and provide advanced technical
support over a remote service connection.
The remote connection can be provided over a secured
connection such as Virtual Private Network (VPN). If a
modem line connection is used, it is possible to use user
authentication techniques such as callback always to the
same predefined number.

OTHER MAINTENANCE TOOLS

Other AviMet maintenance and troubleshooting tools can
be accessed directly from the Diagnostics application:
• Diagnostic Monitor
• SensorIO Monitor
• Sensor Terminal

These applications provide some more detailed

information on the system. The Sensor Terminal
application enables connecting directly to a weather
station, sensor, or a subsystem for carrying out the
maintenance and troubleshooting tasks. It also enables
connecting and configuring intelligent sensors, such as
Ceilometers.

17
Runway Condition workstations contain applications for monitoring the condition of the runways, taxiways, and apron at the airport.

Runway Condition Workstation

Airport ground personnel use the Runway Condition workstations in the planning of their
services, for example, runway clearance, de-icing, and cargo loading schedules.

Accurate runway condition warnings and predictions can

significantly decrease the runway maintenance costs at
airports. The Vaisala AviMet® AWOS sensor suite can
include sensors for measuring the runway surface. When
anti-icing chemicals are applied to runways and taxiways
at correctly anticipated times, sensitive equipment is
protected from the weather when needed, the safety is
ensured, operating costs are reduced, and the airport
stays open.

RUNWAY CONDITION REPORT

The runway condition reports use the AviMet SNOWTAM
application for collecting and editing runway friction
information. The runway condition reports describe the
condition of the runways, taxiways, and apron at the
airport. The reports are not scheduled, instead, they can
be sent whenever required. During winter months a report
is usually sent once a day.

The benefit of using SNOWTAM software for runway
condition reporting is that the software can read the
friction values directly from a friction-measuring device,
such as a Skiddometer. However, if a friction-measuring
device is not available, the friction coefficients can also be
entered manually in a template sheet for each third
of the runway. Furthermore, the application converts the
data into SNOWTAM code format, (in accordance with
ICAO Annex 15, Appendix 2) which an AWOS can, in turn,
use in SNOWTAM reports.
Figure 16 Runway Condition Report Application and
Template Sheet
The runway condition reports built from the manually
entered data are usually transmitted to AviMet AWOS over
a LAN connection. Whereas the reports created from the
friction measuring device values are transmitted via a
radio modem connection.

The runway condition is displayed on data screens

for each runway. A graphical representation of the
measurement data is also available.
Vaisala AviMet AWOS retrieves the runway condition data
automatically and converts the runway state information
from the data. AviMet AWOS displays the runway state in
METAR template and the friction values in the Weather
View application. If needed, AviMet AWOS can build the
SNOWTAM report and distribute it in the AFTN network.
WEATHER VIEW FOR RUNWAY
CONDITION
Airport ground personnel can also benefit from the weather
data displayed on the AviMet Weather View application.
The temperature, moisture, and dew point data, as well
as the weather codes assist the ground personnel in
economical planning of the fuelling, cargo loading and
unloading, and air­craft cleaning.

18 Vaisala AviMet AWOS Software Decscription

GLOSSARY
AFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network
ASI Airport Situation Indicator
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATIS Airport Terminal Information System
AWOS Automated Weather Observing System
CDU Central Data Unit
FWS Forecaster Workstation
GTS Global Telecommunication System
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
LLWAS Low-Level Windshear Alert System
OWS Observer Workstation
QFE Local pressure in a height above/below airport elevation (normally on touch down zone) based
on local barometric station pressure
QNH Atmospheric pressure reduced to mean sea level using ICAO atmosphere (15 degrees) and local
station pressure in a function of station height
RCM Remote Control and Maintenance
ROA Remote Object architecture. System architecture used in AviMet software data handling procedures.
RVR Runway Visual Range
UPS Uninterrupted Power Source
WMO World Meteorological Organization

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Ref. MM210121EN-D ©Vaisala 2010

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