CHUYEN DE 13 MAO TU - ARTICLES T. Mao tir la gi? Mgo tir (article) 18 tir ding truée danh tir va cho biét dan ti dy néi dén mot déi tong xde dinh hay khong xéc dinh. Trong tiéng Anh, mao tir duge chia lim hai logi: mao tir xc dinh (definite article) "the” ‘va mao tir khéng xdc dinh (indefinite article) gim "a, an". t. Sach sir dung mgo tir khdng xc dinh (indefinite article) 1. Mao tir khong xac dinh (a/an) diing truée nhirng danh tir sé it dém duge, khi né durge nhac ti Jan dau tién. Trong 46 +a ding trudc nhimg danh tir bat diu bing mét phy am. + an ding truée nhimg danh tix bat dau bang m6t nguyén am. Vidu: often eat an apple or a banana every day. (T6i thudng an mét qua tao hodc mt qua chudi mdi ngay.) 2. Mao tir kh6ng xée djnh (a/an) ding true nhiing danh tir khi né mang ¥ nghia 1a “mgt” Vi du: My new house is near a bus stop, so I usually go to school by bus. (Nha méi cia tdi gan mét tram xe bus, vi vay tdi thudng di hoc bing xe bus.) 3. Mao tir khong xée dnb (a/an) diing true nhiing danh tir chi nghé nghigp Vidy: There are three people in my family. My mother is a teacher, my father works as an engincer and I am a student, (Gia dinh t6i gém cé ba ngudi. Me t6i la gido vién, bé t6i 1a ki su va t6i 1a hgc sinh.) 4. Mao tir khong xc dinh (a/an) ding trong cc cum tir chi sé long Vi du: +a little (mét it) - diing true danh tir khong dém duge Eg: a little sugar (mot it dudng), a little water (mot it nuéc), a little money (mot it tien) + a few (mét it) - ding trude danh tir dém duge Eg: a few days (mét vai ngay), a few places (mét vai dia diém), a few students (mét vai hoc sinh) +a lot of (nhiéu): ding cho ca danh tir dém duge va khéng dém duge Eg: a lot of time (nhiéu thi gian), a lot of exercises (nhiéu bai tap) +a lot (nhiéu) Eg: thanks a lot (cam on nhiéu) +a couple of (mét d6i, mot cp) Eg: a couple of shoes (mot ddi giay) Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (hand'822005@amall.com)+a dozen (mét ta) Eg: a dozen of eggs (m6t td trimg) +a quarter (mot phan tu) Eg: a quarter of an hour (m6t phan tu gid/ 15 phit) + a great deal of (nhiéu) - ding truée danh tir khéng dém duge Eg: A great deal of money is spent on advertising. (Rat nhiéu tién da duge chi vao quang cio.) +a large number of = wide variety of = a great many of (nhiéu) - ding truée danh tir dém duge Eg: There are a large number of people waiting for the last bus, +a piece of: mt miéng Eg: a piece of cake (m6t miéng binh) +a cup/glass of (mét tach/ mét cdc) Eg: a cup of tea (mét tach tra), a glass of beer (mét céc bia) +a bunch of (mét bé, mét nai) Eg: a bunch of flowers (mgt bé hoa), a bunch of bananas (mét nai chudi) Mot sé trrgng hop ngoai Ié trong cach sir dung a/an Theo quy tie: + a diing truée danh tir bit dau bing mét phy +an diing truée danh tir bat dau bang mt nguyén am. Nhung ngudi ta ding: - a uniform (mét bé déng phuc) - a university (mt tréng dai hoc) ~ an hour (mdt gid) ~ an honest man (mot ngudi din Ong that tha) - a one-eyed man (mét nguéi dan éng mit chét) = a one-way road (dung mét chiéu) - auseful way (m6t cach hitu ich) - an SOS (m6t tin higu cap ciru) -a union (mét lién minh, mét déng minh) = a unit (mét don vi) = a European (mt nguéi chau Au) ~ an M.A (mét ett nha) ~ an honorable man (mt ngudi ding kinh) IIL. Cach sir dung mgo tir xe djnh (definite article) 1. Mgo tir xc dinh “the” ding truéc nhiing danh tir khi durge nhc t6i tir Hin thir hai tré di Vi du: Thave a dog and a cat. The cat is more intelligent than the dog. (Ti c6 mGt con ché va mot con méo. Con méo thi théng minh hon con ché.) Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (nand’822005@gmall.com)— Con méo va con ché duge nhac téi lan dau tién thi ding "a", duoc nhac t6i tir lan thir hai tré di ding "the" 2. Mao tir xe djnh "the" ding true nhimg danh tir khi ching duge xée djnh bing mot ménh d@/ménh aé quan hé 6 phia sau Vi du: Do you know the woman who is standing over there? (Ban cé biét ngudi phy nit dang dimg & ~ Danh tir "woman" duge xée dinh béi ménh d& quan hé "who is standing over ther g kia khong?) nén ding "the woman". 3. Mao tir xdc dinh "the" ding truéc nhimg danh tir 1a duy nhat, déc nhat Vi du: ‘The Sun (Mat Trdi), the Moon (Mat Trang), the Earth (Trdi Dat), the world (thé gidi), the universe (vai tru), the capital (thi 46) - mdi nude chi c6 mot, the king (vua), the president (chi tich, tng théng), the headmaster (higu truéng) - mdi truéng chi cé mét, the monitor (lép truéng) - mdi lép chi cé mét. 4, Mao tir xe djnh "the" ding trude sé thir ty Vidu: The first (thir nhat), the second (thit hai), the third (thit ba), the fourth (tht tu), the fifth (tht nam)... the last (cuéi ciing)/ the only (duy nhat). 5. Mao tir xe dinh "the" diing truée tinh tir dé tao thanh danh tir chi ngwoi 6 dang sé nhidu Vi du: The old (nguéi gi), the young (ngudi tré), the sick (nguéi ém), the rich (ngudi gidu), the poor (nguési nghéo), the disabled (ngudi khuyét tft), the unemployed (ngudi thét nghigp), the dead (ngudi chét), the injuried (ngudi bi throng). The unemployed are the people who don't have any jobs, (Ngudi that nghiép 18 nguai ma khong cé vige Lim.) 6. Mao tir xe djnh "the" ding truée tén cia ba quéc gia sau ‘he United States of America (the USA)/ The United States (the US): Hop Ching Quéc Hoa Ki + The United Kingdom (the UK): Vuong Quéc Anh + The Philippines: Nuée Phi-lip-pin * "The" ding trude tén ca cée quée gia c6 (Gn cing Li 7. Mao tir xc dinh “the” ding trude tén ciia cdc logi nhac cy, nhung phai dirng sau dng tir “play” Vidy: My mother bought me a piano because I like playing the piano. (Me tdi mua cho t6i mét chiéc dan piano béi vi t6i thich choi dan piano.) Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (hand'822005@amall.com)— Tntde tir "piano" thir nhdt, vi né ¥ nghia 1a "mOt" nén ta ding mao tir “a”; trade tit "piano" thir hai vi 1né 1 tén cita mét loi nhac cu va dimg sau dng tir "play" nén ta ding mao tir "the" 8. Mao tir xéc dinh "the" diing trude tén cia ede dja diém cong cong Vi du: ‘The cinema (rap chiéu phim), the zoo (sé thi), the park (céng vign), the station (nha ga), the post office (buu dign), the airport (sin bay), the bus stop (tram xe bus), the theater (nha hat), the library (thu vign). 9. Mao tir xc dinh "the" diing truée danh tir chi tén riéng & dang sé nhidu dé ho ca gia dinh nha Vi du: ‘The Smiths are having dinner now. (Gia dinh nha Smith bay gid dang An tdi.) 10. Mao tir xdc djnh “the" ding truée tinh tir so sénh hon nhit va so sanh kép Vidu l: My mother is the most beautiful woman in the world. (Mg t6i la nguéi dep nhat thé gian nay.) — The most beautiful - the diing trade tinh tir so sh hon nha ~The world - the ding trude danh tir 1a duy nh. Vi du 2: The more I know him, the more I like him. (T6i cing biét nhiéu vé anh dy, t6i lai cang thich anh dy.) ~The more, the more: so sinh kép. 11, Mgo tir xe djnh "the" ding trude tén cia sing, sudi, bién, dai dong, sa mae, day nui... Vidy: ‘The Mississippi river (dong s6ng Mississippi) The Fairy Stream (Suéi Tién) The Black Sea (Bién Den) The Atlantic Ocean (Dai Tay Duong), The Pacific Ocean (Thai Binh Duong) ‘The Sahara (sa mac Sahara) ‘The Himalayas (day niti Himalayas) 12. Mao tir x4e dinh "the" ding truée nhiing danh tir ma ca ngwéi n6i va ngudi nghe déu biét r5 ve né Vidu: My father is reading newspapers in the sitting room. (Bé t6i dang doe bio 6 trong phong khéch.) Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (hand'822005@amall.com)13, Mao tir xc dinh "the" ding truéc ede budi trong ngi Vidy: In the morning (budi séng), in the afternoon (budi trua), in the evening (budi t6i) 14, Mgo tir xac djnh “the” ding truéc tén cia céc to bao Vi du: ‘The New York Times (15 bio New York Times) 15. Mao tir xac dinh "the" ding truéc tén cia cic td chire Vi du: The UN = The United Nations (Té chire Lign Hop Quéc) The WHO = The World Health Organization (Té chite Y The Red Cross (H6i Chit thap D8) 16, Mgo tir xe djnh "the" + danh tir 6 it tugng trung cho mot nhém dng vat, mgt loai hoe dd vat Vi du 1: The whale is in danger of becoming extinct. (CA voi dang trong nguy co tuyét ching.) Vidy2: ‘The fast food has made life easier for housewives. (Thite an nhanh d& lam cho ede ba ndi tre ¢6 cude séng dé dang hon.) 17. Mao tir xc djnh “the” dimg truée danh tir chi phong huéng Vidu: ‘The Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (Mat Trdi moc 6 ding déng va lan 6 ding tay.) — The Sun - ding "the” truéc nhimg danh tir 1a duy nhat, déc nhat. ~ The east/west- ding "the" truée nhiing dank tir chi phuong huéng. 18, Mgo tir xe dinh "the" ding diing true danh tir + of + danh tir Vi du: I saw an accident this morning. A car crashed into a tree. The driver of the car wasn't hurt but the car was badly damaged. (Sang nay t6i nhin thay m6t vu tai nan. Mét chiéc 6 6 dam vio mét cdi cdy, Ngwdi Idi xe ciia chiéc 6 t6 khong bj thong nhung chiée 6 t6 thi hu héng ning.) — Vu tai nan (accident) duge nhac dén lin dau nén ta ding mao tir “an! » Chiée 6 16 (car) va edi edy (tree) & edu thir hai eiing duge nhde dén lan ddu nén ta ding mgo tir “a” ~ Diing "the" +N + of +N nén ta ding “the driver of the car" 161 tir in this hai tré di ta ding mao tir "the". Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (nand’822005@amall.com)19. Mao tir xc dinh “the” ding trong mét sé cum tir cé dinh Vidy: In the middle of st: 6 gitta ciia edi gi At the end of St: cudi cia cai gi lop of St: & dinh ca cai gi ge of & d6 tudi bao nhiéu 20. Mao tir xac dinh "the" ding triréc hospital/church/school/prison khi né mang ¥ nghia khac Vidul: +I go to school by bus every day. (Hang ngay, t6i dén truéng bing xe buyt.) — Trong vi du nay, tdi dén trudng dé hoc nén khéng sir dung mao tir trude danh tir "school". + Yesterday my mother went to the school to meet the headmaster. (Negay hém qua, me t6i dén trudng dé gap higu truéng.) » Trong vi dy nay, me t6i dén trong dé gap hiéu truéng chit khéng phai di hoc nén ta ding mao tr "the" truée danh tir "school". Vidy2: + There was an accident at the comer of the street. The injured were taken to hospital. (Cé mét vu tai nan & géc cia con duéng. Ngudi bi throng duge dua vio bénh vién.) — Trong truéng hop nay, ngudi bi thuong duge dua vao vién dé chita tri nén khéng ding mao tir truée danh tir "hospital", + Last night we went to the hospital to ask after Lan's mother. (Téi qua, chiing t6i d& vao vign dé thim me cla Lan.) + Trong truimg hop nay, chiing t6i khong vao vign dé chtta bénh ma di thim ngudi ém nén ta ding mao tir "the" trude danh tir "hospital" Vidu3: + Tam going to the prison to see my cousin. (Toi sé di dén trai giam dé gap anh em ho cia t6i.) ~ Trong trudng hop nay, khong phai Id di ti nén ching ta ding mgo tr "the" trude danh tir "prison’” Vidya: + My sister goes to church every Sunday. (Chu nhat hang tuan, chi gai ti déu di 18.) — Trong trudng hop nay, chi gai dén nha thé dé di 18 thi ta khéng ding mao tir truée danh tir "church" IV. Khong sir dung mao tir Khéng sit dung mao tie trong cde trudng hop sau 1. Trwée én etia cae mon hoe Vi du: Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (nand822005@amall.com)To me, English is much more interesting than any other subjects. (Vi t6i, Tiéng Anh tha yj hon nhiéu so véi cdc mén hoe khac.) 2. Truéc tén cita cdc mén thé thao Vi du: ‘The boys are playing football in the park. (Nhig cfu bé dang choi bong & trong cong vién.) 3. Trwéc danh tir sé nhiéu khéng xc dinh Vidu: I don't like eats. (T6i khng thich méo.) 4. Trwéc danh tir khong aém duge Vi du: J often drink milk in the morning. (Téi thudng udng sita vao budi sing.) 5. Truréc tén ciia cde phwong tign giao théng, nhung phai ding sau gidi tir "by" Vi du: Although my father has a car, he often goes to work by bus. (Mac dit bé ti cé 6 t6 nhung ng dy vin thuéng di lim bing xe buyt.) 6, Truée danh tir chi mau sic Vi du: Red is not my favorite color, (Mau d6 khong phai la mau ti thich.) 7. Sau tinh tir sé hitu (possessive adjective) hoe sau danh tir & so hiu cach (possessive case) Vi du: + My friend, cl khong néi my the friend. The girl's mother = the mother of the girl (Me cia c6 gai). 8, Trude tén ciia ede bita in Vidu: My mother always gets up early to make sure that we have had breakfast before going to school. (Me t6i luén day sém dé dim bao ring ching t6i d3 An sing truée khi t6i truéng,) 9. Truéec thit, ngay, thang, nam, mita (néu khong xdc dinh) Vi du: + [have the habit of sleeping late on Sunday. (Tdi c6 théi quen ngi mugn vao Chi nhat.) +I don't like summer but I loved the summer in 2000 when I met him for the first time, (Téi khéng thich mia hé nhung tdi thich mia hé nim 2000, ma t6i da gap anh dy lin dau tién.) Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (nand822005@gmall.com10. Truéc tén quéc gia (trir cac quéc gia 4a dug ligt ké & muc 2), tén chéu luc, ten ndi, én hd, (én during Vi du: + China is the country which has the largest population in the world, (Trung Quéc la quéc gia c6 dan sé déng nhat thé gidi.) + I wish to travel around Europe for a month. (T6i wée duge di vong quanh chau Au trong mét thang.) + Known as the highest mountain in Vietnam, Fansipan mountain is also glorified as the roof of Indochina by the height of 3143m, ao nhat & Viét Nam, Fansipan cing duge ménh danh 1a Dong Duong his c6 d6 cao 3143m). + We are walking on Downing Street. (Ching t6i dang di dao trén phé Downing.) 11. Truée danh tir triru tong Vi du ‘Two things you can’t buy with money are love and health. (Cé hai thit ban khéng thé mua duge bing tién Ia tinh yéu va site khoé.) Downloaded by Han 0?2ng (hand’822005@amall.com)