PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

HISTORY
 James Naismith was a physical education instructor in Springfield,
Massachusetts who invented basketball in 1891 and used peach baskets as
hoops.
 In the early 1900s, the iron rim and net were invented.
Basketball was invented at Springfield College by Dr. Naismith in 1891. In the
beginning, a peach basket was used as the hoop. By 1932, things drastically changed
when eight national federations founded the International Basketball Federation in
Switzerland. 14 years later the National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed.
Then in 1917, women began their own professional league, The Women’s National
Basketball Association (WNBA) .

BASKETBALL EQUIPMENT
 Comfortable athletic shoes and clothing
 Basketball
 Goals

HOW TO PLAY
 There are 2 teams of 5 players each.
 Regulation games:
 High School: 4-8-minute quarters
 College: 2–20-minute halves
 NBA: 4–12-minute quarters
 Game starts with a jump-ball at midcourt.
 Scoring:
A player scores when he manages to throw the ball into the basket, with the
ball passing through the basket from above the hoop. Scoring a basket
increases the team’s score by 3, 2, or 1 point.
  Floor Shots: 2 points
 Beyond 3-point line: 3 points
 Free Throw: 1 point
 Ball advances by dribbling, passing, or shooting.
 The game is won by the team with the most points after time has expired.

Rules of the Game

 Number of players
If you want to play basketball for fun, you have the possibility of playing on
your own. But you can also play team games with either 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
players on each team. Teams can be mixed, with boys and girls, or not.

On a competition level, a team is made up of 5 players playing on the court

and 5 players sitting on the bench that can be used for substitution during the
whole period of the game.

BASKETBALL COURT
POSTIONS
Each player is assigned a position when playing. This position is usually determined
by the height of the player.

The tallest player on the team usually plays “center” also known as “position 5”,
while the medium size ones play “forwards” / “position 3 and 4”. The shortest
players then play “guards” / “position 1 and 2”.
 CENTER
Centers are generally your tallest players. They are usually positioned near the
basket.
 GUARD
Normally the second tallest player on the team. These players can be positioned
under the hoop and may also play in the wings and corner areas.
 FORWARD
Normally the shortest and fastest players on the team; these players must be
really good at dribbling, seeing the court, and passing the ball. It is their job to
bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays.

SHOOTING
Throwing the ball to make a basket.
PASSING
moving the ball by throwing, bouncing, handing, or rolling it to another player.

DRIBBLING
Using the finger pads to move the ball from one place to another keeping it under
control using a pushing motion.
Bouncing the ball with 1 hand using your fingertips instead of your palm so that it
rebounds back to yourself (the only legal way to move with the ball).
 Low dribble for control (knee high)
 High dribble for speed (waist height)
BOUNCE PASS
A pass that bounces off the floor before it reaches the receiver.

CHEST PASS
A two-handed pass thrown from chest height.

OVERHEAD PASS
A pass thrown from over the head to clear a defender or for added power.

BOXING OUT
A player’s position between an opposing player and the basket to obtain a better
rebounding position.

CATCHING
Receiving a passed or thrown ball without letting it hit the floor.

REBOUNDING
The act of successfully gaining possession after a missed basket or free throw.
The recovering of a shot that bounces off the backboard or the rim.

JUMP SHOT
A shot taken while a player is jumping through the air.

SET SHOT
A shot taken with both feet on the floor in a set position.
JUMP STOP
A move where a player jumps into the air and then lands on both feet; the player can
then pivot on either foot.

PIVOTING
To hold onto the ball and move around, legally, by keeping one foot in the same spot.
Stepping once or more in any direction with the same foot while holding the other
foot at its initial point.

THREE POINT SHOT

A shot taken from outside a designated area on the court that scores three points if
made

LAY-UP
A type of shot, where the player dribbles to the basket and without stopping shoots
the ball (right/left/hop/shoot).

FREE THROW
A free shot taken from the free throw line as the result of a foul; worth one point if
made

DEFENSE
The team that does not have possession of the ball; the process used by a team to
prevent an opponent from scoring

OFFENSE
The team that has possession of the ball; a player or team responsible for scoring in a
game
TYPES OF DEFENSE
 MAN TO MAN DEFENSE
A defense in which a player guards another specific player
 ZONE DEFENSE
A defense that covers an area or a zone instead of a specific player

SCREEN AND CUTTING

 SCREENING
The act of blocking a defender from guarding or staying close to another player.
 CUTTING
An explosive movement toward the basket when trying to elude a defender.

PICK AND ROLL

An offensive play where a player sets the screen on a teammate’s defensive player
and pivots and rolls toward the basket to receive a pass

GIVE & GO
An offensive play where the ball handler passes to a teammate, moves to the basket,
and receives a quick pass for a shot

GUARDING
Keeping an opponent from scoring or receiving the ball from a teammate, also
known as, defending or playing defense.

STEAL
When the defense takes control of the ball legally
VIOLATION
A violation occurs when the player breaks one of the rules of Basketball. A violation
results in the awarding of the ball to the opponents.
An infraction of the rules such as traveling, double dribble, carrying, etc.

DOUBLE DRIBBLE
A violation of dribbling the ball with two hands, or stopping and restarting the
dribble.
a player dribbles the ball with both hands at the same time or they stop and then start
dribbling again.

TRAVELING
A violation of moving with the ball without dribbling.

THREE SECONDS
An offensive player remains in the key (free throw lane- the area under the basket)
for more than 3 seconds.

FREE THROW VIOLATION

Stepping over the free throw line before the ball hits the rim.

BACK COURT VIOLATION

Going back over the centerline/half court to gain control of the ball after the ball has
already been in the opponents court.

CARRYING/PALMING
When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes,
even under the ball.
FOULS
A foul is an illegal action that can be committed by player from one team against a
player from the opposing team. Basketball is generally said to be a non-contact
game. If contact occurs beyond what is deemed to be reasonable, or if a player
thereby obtains an unfair advantage from it, a foul is committed.
Results in one or more free throws awarded to the opposing team.

PERSONAL FOUL
A foul that involves illegal physical contact such as blocking, charging, elbowing or
holding.

CHARGING
An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the opposing team.
Running into a stationary player while you are moving with the ball.

BLOCKING
Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing
position in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
Impeding the progress of an opponent by extending one or both arms horizontally or
getting in the path of a moving player.

FLAGRANT FOUL
Violent contact with an opponent including hitting, kicking, and punching; this type
of foul results in free throws for the opponent in addition to them retaining
possession of the ball after the free throws.

TECHNICAL FOUL
A foul called against a player or coach for unsportsmanlike conduct such as arguing
with a referee.
HACKING
The player hits the arm or hand of the person holding the ball.

HOLDING
The player holds the person with or without the ball.

DISQUALIFICATIONS
1. Five personal fouls
2. Single disqualifying foul (Flagrant Foul)

TERMS
 Air ball- a shot that completely misses the rim and the backboard
 Jump Ball – is used to start the game
 Assist- a pass to a teammate who then scores a field goal.
 Defense- team trying to stop the other team from scoring
 Dunk- to throw the ball down into the basket with the hand above the level
of the rim
 Fast break- dribbling or passing the ball towards your basket before the
defense can set up
 Man-to-man- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an assigned player
 Offense- team trying to score
 Turn over- any loss of the ball without a shot being taken
 Zone defense- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead of
a player (2-1-2, 2-3)