Investigation of Mula Dam & Canal Di system ABSTRACT ‘Our work encrypted in this effort of project serves the essentiality of increasing the water level under the ground by artificial recharge. Our basic aim with this project is to suggest different sites for artificial recharge to improve the ground water level. For which we have conducted the surface survey, subsurface survey as well as the dug well survey in different location of Mulacanal basin. Amongst the various geological formations in confined aquifers, one group is porous media comprising of fissured rock, loss material between impervious hard rock layers. The Deccan Trap which forms majority of the rock type in Maharashtra is reported to consists of such types of rocks around the Northem and Souther part of MulaRightCanalBasin and it also comprises of over burden soil, gravel weathered rock (Muroom) leading to fissured and jointed rocks below the ground surface. In that area the deep tube wells fetch water invariably. We found that around the Mula canal region the depth of hard rock was around 12 to 20 feets, Our project is aimed to establish a scientific method in locating the ground water source by identifying different hard strata as well as soft strata which is shown by the resistance offered by strata below the ground level and hence the methodology which involves Electrical Resistivity Survey was carried out. From the result of graph plotted the resistivity survey is analysed in this project. ee SHREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC Page 5tion of Mula Dam & Canal Distribution System CHAPTER 1 INTRCDUCTION MULA DAM Mula project is situated in the Ahmednagar District of Western Maharashtra. Ahmadnagar District is areawise largest District in the state. and a very prone to famines. Mansoon rain fall varies from 250 mm to 500 mm. Mula project considerd as early as in 1877 for a storage project for irrigation serves the Southern parts of Rahuri and Newasa Talukas and northem part of Shevgaonand Pathardi Talukas which are affected by scarcity very frequently. Mula project is a Mojar Irrigation Project in Ahmednagar District of the State of Maharashtra. The dam is constructed across the River Mula Tributary of Godavari River at BaragaonNandur in RahuriTaluka. The work started in the year 1958 and completed in the year 1969. For the construction of dam no forest land has undergone in the submergence as well as in the canals. The catchment area of the project is 2274 Sq. Km. The averge rainfall in the catchment varies form 5000 mm. In Ghat area to 500 mm. in Lower catchment. The gross storage capacity of the Mula Reservoir is 26,000 Meft.(736.32M Cum). Two Canals of taking from the dam, irrigate the lands on left and right banks of the Mulariver in Rahuri, Newasa, Shevgaon, and PathardiTaluka. The command area( J. C. A. ) of Mula Left Bank Canal is 10121 ha. And that of mularight bank Canal is 70689 ha. and total irrigable command area of the above two canals is 80810 ha. Which has entirely in Ahmednagar District. The Irrigation on Mula Right Bank Canal started in the Years 1972. ——— rrr EEREEEET ST SHREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC Page 6Investigat n of Mula Dam & Canal Distribution System Mula Dam Salient Features (Sr.No. Description Revised 1 Location Maharashtra State, Ahmednagar : District, RahuriTaluka at BaragaonNandur, five miles U/S of Rahuri. Latitude - 19°-21"— 30" Longitude - 74° -37' = 15" 2. Catchment area at Dam Site | 878 Sq. miles /2275.86 Sq. Km. at BaragaonNandure 3. Yield of Catchment Average | 33258 mcft/941.20 mcum. (52 Years) Maximum. 62703 mef/1774.49 mcum. Minimum 12646 meft /357.88 mcum. 4. Project Planning Dependable yield @70% | 24597 meft Gross utilization 24884 meft / 724.23 mcum Tank losses 2700 meft / 76.41 mcum Silt Contents 4500 meft /127.35 mcum Gross storage Capacit: 26000 meft / 735.80 mcum Live storage 21500 meft / 608.45 mcum. 5. Height of Water Stored a) from river bed 142.00 ft/ 43.29 m b) from sill of outlet sluices 72.00 ft/ 21.95 m 6. Type of Dam Earthen Dam with gated spillway. 7. Height of dam above a) River bed 153.00 17 46.64 m 223.00 ft / 67.98 m b) Deepest foundation 8. Length of Dam 9270 fi / 2826.22 m PRL 1812 1/ 552.30 m M. W. L. 1815 f1/ 553.21 m Dead Storage Level 1752 ft/ 534.01 m Silt Provision (Whether any Nil SHREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC Page 7investi gation of Mula Dam & Canal Distribution System filter included) a Area of Wi 9. Area of Water Spread 13240 acreas (At F. R. L. R. Le 1812.00 ft) TEs - 10. dischanes maximum 2,10,000 cusecs /5,946.53 cumecs 11.__| Waste weir arrangement Gated spillway in lef saddle 12. __| Gross command area 3,98,624 Acres / 1,61,386 ha 13.__| Culturable command area 3,42,816 Acres / 1,38,792 ha. 14,__| Irrigable Command area 82720 Ha 15,__| Length of Canal 1) Mula Right Bank 36 miles / 57.60 km 2) Mula Left Bank 11 miles / 17.60 km 3) Mula High Level Right | 58 km Bank Pipe Canal (Wambori Chari) 4) Branch No. | on Mula 22 miles /35.20 km Right Bank Canal 3) Branch No. 2 on Mula 22 miles /35.20 km | Right Bank Canal [ 6) Pathardi Branch Canal 29 miles /46.40 km. 7) Mula High Level Left 12km Bank Pipe Canal (Bhagada Chari) 16, | Capacity of Canal 1) Mula Right Bank 1650 cusecs / 46.72 cumecs 2) Mula Left Bank 250 cusecs 3) Mula High Level Right | 95 cusecs Bank Pipe Canal (Wambori Chari) 4) Mula High Level Left 18 cusecs Bank Pipe Canal (BhagadaChari) 17. [Crop Pattern (Eight monthly) SHREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC5) Kharif Oil Seeds 6) Kharif Vegetable ay} Kha if Hybrid Maize 7) Kharif Manure 8) Rabi Jawar (Ordinary) _| 21% 9) Rabi Fodder 4% 10) WheatonOil—*[7% Seeds i ny Rabi Jawaron [7% Pulses (hybrid) 12) Rabi Vegetable [5% on Kharif Veg. 13) Gram 3% 14) Rabi Oil Seeds _|8 % 101% Total cost of the project Rs. 12087.71 lakhs SHREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNICation of Mula Dam & Canal Distr tution Syst em CANAL IRRIGATION ‘An irrigation canal is a yaenvay, often man-made or eranced, built for the purpose ofcamying water from a source sh as a lake, river, or stream, p soil used for farming or jadscoping. An _—_ essential gement of farming found in schaeological digs dating as far tack as 4,000 BC, irrigation canals have often meant the difference between sustenance and starvation. An irrigation canal, at its most elemental, is a trench filled with water. It can be dug into the ground and then filled with water, or an existing stream can be widened in a process called “canalization,” and diverted as appropriate to provide maximum efficiency. Another way to create a canal is to build up the walls first, using the dry ground as the bed, 0d connect it to a water source only when completely built. Canal irrigation in is one of the principal methods used for improving the growth of the crops. After wells and tube wells, canal irrigation is the second most important irrigation source. However, this method is only extended to those areas that are large level plains of deep fertile soil and are drained by well distributed perennial rivers. That is why it is quite ‘atural that canal irrigation procedure is only limited to the plain areas of northern India, valleys of Indian peninsular plateau, coastal lowlands ete. Canals ean be both perennial as well as non-perennial, Apart from these canals, there ‘e several stream canals that are taken off from the rivers without the construction of the barrages. But, in such cases the beds of the inundation canals are generally at a higher level Comparatively than those of the rivers, the canals get enough water supplies only when the "Neris in flood. As a result, the stream canals are of limited use. Lm Hi REE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC Page 10Constant attempts have been made to re . replace the inundated canals by the perennial _ tn mitigating the miseries and sufferings of ones Srings of the farmers, canal irrigation works have gone a fog WAY. Every village in India has a pond or t lank for preserving the rain water. s have been really une onsoons ' in in the con eee the country. In those areas where potable ground «snot sufficient like for instane water is not instance, the zones of Indian platcau, water is supplied from ‘ dams. In the past, irrig ‘ ved dams I the p St, itTigation works were small sized but with the passage of time, target canal irrigation projects have been made possible. Water soaks into the ground under the bed of unlined canal. That is why with the jmegular supplies of water, level of sub-soil water in the canal irrigated areas also rises. In come areas, where the perennial unlined canals flow at the ground level and between raised righ banks, it is quite possible that the water might reach the surface and render the cultivable qilentirely waterlogged. 1.1. NEED OF CANAL IRRIGATION: 1. Water savings are very important due to lower availability of water around the world. With increasing populations, the pressure to produce more crop per drop has become fundamentally important to water managers. Saving water is essential for the production of food and for meeting the urban water demand. Poor water management can lead to the loss of productive land to salinization and waterlogging caused by inefficient conveyance and application of water. To maintain this increased productivity, farmers take advantage of both surface and subsurface water resources. nT Teer SI NREE SAMARTH POLYTECHNIC Page 11