Pune Vidyarthi Griha’s

College of Engineering & Shrikrushna. S. Dhamankar Institute of

Management, Nashik

VISION
To achieve excellence in engineering education with focus on
technical skills

MISSION

1. To achieve high standards of excellence in generating

and propagating knowledge in engineering.
2. To impart knowledge and skill based affordable education to
all classes of the society.
3. To fulfill expectations of the stakeholders by
equipping students with state-of-the-art technological
resources.
4. To provide an ecosystem for nurturing the spirit
of entrepreneurship among students.
 Programme outcomes (POs)

PO1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.

PO2.Problemanalysis:Identify,formulate,research literature and analyze complex

engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.

PO3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex

Engineering problems and design system components or processes that meet the
specified needs with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety and the
cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

PO4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research based knowledge

and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of
data, and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

PO5. Modern tool usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of and need for sustainable development.

PO8.Ethics:Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and

responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9.Individualandteamwork: Function effectively as an individual and as a member

or leader in diverse teams, and in Multidisciplinary settings.

PO10.Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities

with the engineering community and with society at large such as , being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding
of the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.

PO12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological Change.
Course Objectives:
1. To emphasizes learning activities that are long-term,
interdisciplinary and student-centric.
2. To inculcate independent learning by problem solving with social
context.
3. To engages students in rich and authentic learning experiences.
4. To provide every student the opportunity to get involved either
individually or as a group so as to develop team skills and learn
professionalism.

Course Outcomes:
CO1: Project based learning will increase their capacity and learning
through shared cognition.
CO2: Students able to draw on lessons from several disciplines and
apply them in practical way.
CO3: Learning by doing approach in PBL will promote long-term
retention of material and replicable skill, as well as improve teachers'
and students' attitudes towards learning.
 PUNE VIDYARTHI GRIHA’s
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING &
SHRIKRUSHNA.S.DHAMANKAR INSTITUTE of
MANAGEMENT NASHIK

Department Of First Year Engineering

A PROJECT BASED LEARNING report on

Interfacing Of IR Sensor with Arduino using LED.
By
FE Division B

1) Kavita sonawane
2) Pritesh Sonar
3) Kshitija Shekatkar
4) Pavan Rakibe
5) Rutuja Sahane
6) Om Shirsath
7) Vijay Purkar

Subject - PROJECT BASED LEARNING (2019 Pattern)

Guide
Prof. Atul.M.Borade
 PUNE VIDYARTHI GRIHA’s
COLLEGE of ENGINEERING &
SHRIKRUSHNA.S.DHAMANKAR INSTITUTE of
MANAGEMENT NASHIK

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled Interfacing Of IR Sensor with Arduino
using LED. Is bonafide record of the project work done by Kavita Uttam Sonawane in
the year 2021-22 under the guidance of Prof. A.M Borade of department of First year
Engineering in partial fulfillment of requirement for the First year project in the Project Base
Learning in First Year Engineering of Savitribai Phule Pune University.

(Prof. Atul.M.Borade) (Prof. S. N.Shukla)

Project Guide HOD
Department of E&TC

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With deep sense of gratitude, we would like to thank all the people who have lit our
path with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these intellectuals who did best to help
during our project work.

It is our privilege to express gratitude to Prof. Dr. M.V.Bhalerao, Principal, PVG

COE Nashik, for his comments and kind permission to complete this project. We remain
indebted to Prof. S.N.Shukla, HOD F.E Dept for his time.

A special gratitude to our project guide Prof.Atul.M.Borade for his valuable

guidance suggestion & cooperation in this project. We are thankful for his coherent
encouragement which provided the needed platform.

With various industry engineers or technicians to help, it has been our endeavor to
through put our work to cover the entire project work.

We are also thankful to our parents who providing their wishful support for our
project completion successfully.

And lastly, we thank all our friend and the people who are directly or indirectly
related to our project work.

 Pritesh sonar
 Index

List of Content

Sr.No Name Of Topic Page No.

1 Introduction 1

2 Literature Of Survey 2

3 Interfacing Of IR With Arduino 3-5

 Block Diagram
 Arduino
 Infrared Sensor
 Connecting Wires

4 Circuit Diagram 6

5 Code 7

6 Testing And Results 8-10

8 Applications 11

9 Advantages And Disadvantages 12

10 Conclusion 13

11 References 14
 List of Figures

Fig. no. Name of figure Page

No.

3.1 Block diagram Of Interfacing Of IR sensor with 3

Arduino Using LED

3.2 Arduino 4

3.3 Infrared sensor 5

3.4 Connecting wires 5

4.1 Interfacing Diagram 6

6.1 Testing 8

6.2 Result 9

6.3 Output 10
 List of Abbreviation

Sr. No. Abbreviation Full Form

1 LED Light Emitting Diode

2 IR Infrared Sensor
 ABSTRACT

Obstacle detection using IR sensors with Arduino has a number of applications in robotics,

security systems and industrial assembly lines. In this tutorial I will show how the IR sensor

works and how these sensors are used for object detecting. Infrared sensor or IR sensors are

one of the frequently used sensor module by the electronic hobbyists and makers they are

often used obstacle detecting sensor.

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In this project, we will learn about Infrared Sensors, simply known as IR Sensor and how to
interface an IR Sensor with Arduino. By interfacing this IR Sensor with Arduino, you can
implement an IR Sensor Application (Obstacle Detection).

There have been many innovations in technology that have changed the world. One of them
is Infrared Technology.

Nowadays, Infrared technology has a wide variety of wireless applications mostly in object
sensing and remote controls.

Today we will talk about IR Sensor Module, it's working, and how to connect it with Arduino
sensor to find a path or in counting.

1
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

The initial infrared radiation detection systems were based on thermometers, thermocouples,
and bolometers. In 1821, Thomas Johann Seebeck discovered the thermoelectric effect, and
soon thereafter, in 1829, Leopoldo Nobili created the first thermocouple. Then in 1835,
together with Macedonio Melloni, Nobili constructed a thermopile capable of sensing a
person 10 m away. Samuel Pierpont Langley invented the first bolometer/thermistor in 1878.
This radiantheat detector was sensitive to differences in temperature of one
hundredthousandth of a degree Celsius, which enabled the study of the solar irradiance far
into the infrared spectrum.
The development of modern infrared detectors became possible after John Bardeen and
William Shockley invented the transistor in 1947. Thereafter, InSb, HgCdTe, and Si photon
detectors were developed. Texas Instruments developed the first forward-looking infrared
system in 1963, with production in 1966, and in 1969, the chargecoupled device (CCD) was
developed by AT&T Bell Labs. Photon infrared technology combined with molecular beam
epitaxy and photolithographic processes revolutionized the semiconductor industry, thus
enabling the design and fabrication of complex focal plane arrays.
An infrared sensor (IR sensor) is a radiation-sensitive optoelectronic component with a
spectral sensitivity in the infrared wavelength range 780 nm ... 50 μm. R sensors are now
widely used in motion detectors, which are used in building services to switch on lamps or in
alarm systems to detect unwelcome guests. In a defined angle range, the sensor elements
detect the heat radiation (infrared radiation) that changes over time and space due to the
movement of people Such infrared sensors only have to meet relatively low requirements and
are low cost mass-produced items. InfraTec does not supply such products, InfraTec
develops, produces and sells pyroelectric detectors.

The pyroelectric IR sensor uses a wavelength range from 2 to 14 µm. InfraTec uses special
absorption layers so that the infrared sensors can even work as large-area, long-term stable
receivers for UV radiation (e.g. 193 nm) but also for THz radiation in the range of 100 µm …
1mm.

2
 CHAPTER 3

3.1 Block Diagram Of Interfacing of IR sensor with Arduino Using LED.

Infrared sensor Arduino LED

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of Interfacing IR Sensors with ARDUINO

IR sensor Further infrared sensors are Golay cells, bolometers and thermopiles, which also
belong to the thermal IR sensors. The change in pressure of a gas volume is evaluated in a
Golay cell and the change in temperature of a solid is evaluated in a bolometer. Thermopiles
basically represent a series connection of thermocouples with an absorption layer and use the
Seebeck effect. Photodiodes use the inner photo effect. At the same time, radiation quanta
generate charge carrier pairs within a semiconductor. In the case of photo resistors, the
radiation changes the electrical resistance.
From InfraTec are used in gas warning devices, gas analyzers, medical gas measurement
technology, and flame detectors and in contactless precision temperature measurement. These
devices use the intensity measurement of infrared radiation in defined spectral ranges.

3
3.2 ARDUINO:-

• It has 6 Analog pins(A0-A5)

• 14 Digital pins (D0-D13) are present.

• An inbuilt LED is present on the board.

• It has flash memory of 32kb.

• Frequency clock speed is up to 16mhz.

Figure 3.2.1 Ardunio

3.3 Infrared Sensor:-

An infrared sensor (IR sensor) is a radiation-sensitive optoelectronic component with a

spectral sensitivity in the infrared wavelength range 780 nm … 50 µm. IR sensors are
now widely used in motion detectors.

4
 Figure 3.3.1 Infrared Sensor

3.4 Connecting Wires:-

You need either a micro HDMI to HDMI cable, or a standard HDMI to HDMI
cable plus a micro HDMI to HDMI adapter, to connect Arduino to a screen.
Arduino 1, 2, and 3 have a single full-size HDMI port, so you can connect them
to a screen using a standard HDMI to HDMI cable.

5
 CHAPTER 4
4.1 Interfacing Diagram:-

Figure 4.1:- Interfacing Of IR Sensor with Arduino.

The IR transmitter sends an infrared signal that, in case of a reflecting surface bounces off in
some directions including that of the IR receiver that captures the signal detecting the object
whether led and Buzzer is on.

When the surface is absorbent the IR signal isn’t reflected and the object cannot be detected
by the sensor. This result would occur even if the object is absent

6
 CHAPTER 5

CODE

The following is the code for interfacing IR Sensor with Arduino. It is written in C.

int irsensor = 12;

int irsensorr = 13;
int led = 3;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(irsensor,INPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
int value = digitalRead(irsensor);
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("sensor value=");
Serial.print(value);
if (value == 0)
{
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
}
delay(500);
}

7
 CHAPTER 6
TESTNG AND RESULT
6.1 Testing:-

Figure 6.1 Testing

6.2:- Result:-

Figure 6.2 Result.

8
6.3 Output:-

9
10
 CHAPTER 7

APPLICATIONS

As mentioned in the earlier sections, IR Sensor or Obstacle Detection is the main application
of interfacing IR Sensor with Arduino .Some of the common applications include:

 IR imaging devices,

 Optical power meters,

 Sorting devices,

 Missile guidance,

 Remote sensing,

 Flame monitors,

 Moisture analyzers,

 Night vision devices,

 Infrared astronomy,

 Rail safety, etc.

11
 CHAPTER 8
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES:

Advantages:-

• It uses less power

• The detection of motion is possible in the presence or absence of light approximately
with equal reliability.
• They do not need contact with the object for detection
• There is no data leakage because of the ray direction
• These sensors are not affected by oxidation & corrosion
• Noise immunity is very strong.

Disadvantages:-
• Line of sight is required
• Range is limited
• These can be affected by fog, rain, dust, etc
• Less data transmission rate.

12
 CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION

`
Applications that doesn't require high Power would it use the
Arduino as hardware. There is a trade-off with accuracy to be
made be achieved since there is not enough computational
power to have both. This lead to the conclusion that it is
important to obtain the Object Detection application. This
study could be of help for others that are looking to
implement object detection on similar hardware to find that
balance.

13
 REFERENCES

[1] M. Kim, and S. Choi, "A fully soft -switched single switch isolated DC -DC converter,"
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(9), 2015.

[2] Manan Mehta, "A breakthrough in wireless sensor networks and in-ternet of things,"
International Journal of Electronics and Communi-cation Engineering & Technology, 6(8),
2015.

[3] Martinez, M. Monton, I. Vilajosana, and J. D. Prades, "The power of models: modeling
power consumption for IoT devices," IEEE Sen-sors Journal, vol.15, 2015.

[4] Vítor Monteiro, João C. Ferreira, João L. Afonso, "Smart Platform towards Batteries
Analysis Based on Internet -of-Things," Confer-ence on Electronics, Telecommunications
and Computers, 2013.

[5] H.J. Dai, S.L. Zhao, J.T. Zhang, M.K. Qiu, and L. X. Tao, "Security enhancement of cloud
servers with a redundancy -based fault -toler-ant cache structure," Future Generation
Computer Systems, 2015.

[6] Jalpa Shaha, Biswajit Mishra," Customized IoT enabled Wireless Sensing and Monitoring
Platform for Smart Buildings," 3rd Interna-tional Conference on Innovations in
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering, ICIAME 2016.

[7] M. Mazhar Rathore, Awais Ahmad, Anand Paul and Seungmin Rho, "Urban planning and
building smart cities based on the Internet of Things using Big Data analytics," Computer
Networks 101, 2016.

[8] https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/raspberry-pi-ir-sensor-tutorial

14