Cornish nationalism is a cultural, political and social movement that seeks the

recognition of Cornwall – the south-westernmost part of the island of Great Britain

– as a nation distinct from England. It is usually based on three general
arguments:

that Cornwall has a Celtic cultural identity separate from that of England, and
that the Cornish people have a national, civic or ethnic identity separate from
that of English people;
that Cornwall should be granted a degree of devolution or autonomy, usually in
the form of a Cornish national assembly;[1]
and that Cornwall is legally a territorial and constitutional Duchy with the
right to veto Westminster legislation, not merely a county of England, and has
never been formally incorporated into England via an Act of Union.

Autonomy movement
See also: Cornish Assembly
[icon]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2010)

Cornish nationalists, such as Mebyon Kernow, generally seek some form of autonomy
for Cornwall.

In 2003, a Cornwall Councillor Bert Biscoe commissioned a researcher to see if

self-governing practices used in Guernsey could be applied to Cornwall.[2]
Distinct cultural, national or ethnic identity
See also: Cornish people and Culture of Cornwall
A street lined with shops is filled with hundreds of people. In the foreground are
children wearing black vests each one defaced with a large white cross. The
children surround a fiddler. In the background are spectators.
St Piran's Day is an annual patronal Cornish festival celebrating Cornish culture
and history every 5 March
The percentage of respondents who gave "Cornish" as an answer to the National
Identity question in the 2011 census.

In 2001, campaigners prevailed upon the UK census to count Cornish ethnicity as a

write-in option on the national census, although there was no separate Cornish tick
box.[3] In 2004 school children in Cornwall could also record their ethnicity as
Cornish on the schools census.

In 2004, a campaign was started to field a Cornish national team in the 2006
Commonwealth Games. However, in 2006, the Commonwealth Games Federation stated that
"Cornwall is no more than an English county".[4]

The concept that the Cornish are a separate ethnicity is based on the Celtic origin
and language of the Cornish, making them an ethnic minority distinct from people in
the rest of England.[5]

In 2011, an e-petition directed at Westminster was launched.

"This petition calls for signatures to raise the issue of the "Cornish
Identity" in Parliament and aims to have Cornwall recognised as a National
Minority.."[6] This petition has now closed, it received 851 signatures, (99,149
less than the 100,000 needed for the matter to be considered for debate in the
House of Commons.)

In September 2011, George Eustice, Conservative Member of Parliament for Camborne

and Redruth, argued that Cornwall's heritage should be administered by a Cornish
organisation rather than English Heritage.[7]
On 24 April 2014 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Danny Alexander, announced
that the Cornish people had been granted minority status under the Council of
Europe's framework for the protection of national minorities,[8] the Framework
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
Constitutional status
See also: Constitutional status of Cornwall
The official position on the Duchy of Cornwall

The Duchy of Cornwall is a private estate that funds the public, charitable and
private activities of The Prince of Wales and his family.[9] The Duchy itself
consists of around 54,424 hectares (134,485 acres) of land in 23 counties, mostly
in the South West of England. The current Duke of Cornwall is William, Prince of
Wales.

The Duchy estate was created
and heir, Prince Edward; its
of Wales with an income from
Cornwall would be the eldest
heir to the throne.[10]
in 1337 by Edward III, King of England, for his son
primary function was to provide him and future Princes
its assets. A charter ruled that each future Duke of
surviving son of the monarch and thus also the male

The current Duke of Cornwall, Prince William, as eldest son of the reigning
monarch, is also the Prince of Wales.
The rights of the Duchy of Cornwall
Cornish constitutionalists argue that the Duke of Cornwall is the de jure head of
state in Cornwall.

The rights of the Dukes of Cornwall include the right to intestate estates, bona
vacantia, treasure trove, gold and silver deposits, waste land, foreshore, rivers
and estuaries, mines, mineral rights, rights of common, castles, advowsons, and so
on – whether in possession or reputed or claimed to be parcel of the Duchy of
Cornwall – the Duchy being the body that collects the rents and dues on behalf of
the Prince. (Duchy Charters: Section 5.11, [29]). Furthermore, the entirety of the
Isles of Scilly is claimed despite the Duchy's admitting that they were not
included in, rather "omitted" from, the three Duchy Charters.[citation needed]
County or country?

On 15 May 2000 the Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament (CSP), a pressure group
formed in 1974, dispatched an invoice to the chief officer of the Duchy of
Cornwall, the Lord Warden of the Stannaries. This invoice demanded a refund of a
calculated £20 billion overcharge in taxation on tin production from 1337 to 1837.
This was calculated according to production figures and historic wealth calculation
methods (from an unpublished thesis of a Harvard University undergraduate dating
from 1908), and The Sunday Times Rich List, March 2000, respectively. Cornwall was
charged at over twice the rate levied on the adjacent county of Devon. On 17 May
2000 The Guardian reported that the CSP claimed that the Duchy had levied an excess
tax on tin production in Cornwall for five hundred years, and requested repayment
within 120 days. The CSP argued that their action demonstrated how Cornwall was
treated separately from England in the past, and thus should have special status
today. They declared that if they received the money it would be spent on an agency
to boost Cornwall's economy.[11]

The Guardian went on to point out that the (then) Duke of Cornwall himself, Charles
the Prince of Wales is in effect trustee and cannot sell off the Duchy's assets
thus he would have difficulty in paying the bill. Charles does not receive any
money from the state. His financial stability comes from the £5m-£6m annual net
surplus generated by the Duchy.[11]
Background
See also: History of Cornwall
History of the separate Cornish identity
At the time of King Canute, Cornwall fell outside his British realms.[12]
monument supporting Cornish identity

In 936, Athelstan fixed Cornwall's eastern boundary at the Tamar.[13] The Italian
scholar Polydore Vergil in his famous Anglica Historia, published in 1535, wrote
that: 'the whole Countrie of Britain ...is divided into iiii partes; whereof the
one is inhabited of Englishmen, the other of Scottes, the third of Wallshemen,
[and] the fowerthe of Cornishe people, which all differ emonge them selves, either
in tongue, ...in manners, or ells in lawes and ordinaunces.'[14] Writing in 1616,
Arthur Hopton stated:'England is ...divided into 3 great Provinces, or
Countries ...every of them speaking a several and different language, as English,
Welsh and Cornish.'[14]

During the Tudor period many travellers were clear that the Cornish were commonly
regarded as a separate ethnic group. For example, Lodovico Falier, an Italian
diplomat at the Court of Henry VIII, said, "The language of the English, Welsh and
Cornish men is so different that they do not understand each other." He went on to
give the alleged 'national characteristics' of the three peoples, saying for
example 'the Cornishman is poor, rough and boorish'[14] Another notable example is
Gaspard de Coligny Châtillon – the French Ambassador in London – who wrote saying
that England was not a united whole as it 'contains Wales and Cornwall, natural
enemies of the rest of England, and speaking a different language.'[14] In 1603,
the Venetian ambassador wrote that the late queen had ruled over five different
'peoples': 'English, Welsh, Cornish, Scottish ...and Irish'.[14]

It seems however that the recognition by outsiders of the Cornish as a separate

people declined with the language, which by the 19th century had essentially ceased
to be used. The modern revival of the language, which had almost died out,[15] has
caused some interest in the concept of Cornish identity.
History of modern Cornish nationalism
Cornwall has had its own gorsedd, Gorseth Kernow, since 1928

The history of modern Cornish nationalism goes back to the end of the 19th century.
The failure of Irish home rule caused Gladstone's Liberal party to revise and make
more relevant its devolution policy by advocating the idea of 'home rule all round'
applying to Scotland and Wales but opening the door for Cornish Liberals to use
cultural themes for political purposes.[16]

In April 1889, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, the Marquis of Salisbury (who served three
times as Prime Minister) at a meeting of the Primrose League in Bristol, spoke on
the state of the Union. At the time, an Irish Cabinet "with all the appurtenances
of government" was being considered. He said that "if Ireland were granted a
Parliament and a Cabinet, Scotland would demand a Parliament and a Cabinet, and
Wales would do the same." However, "..if all these Parliaments were granted an
unconstitutional injustice would be done to Cornwall, which was a separate country
geographically.." going on to talk about Cornish identity and culture, "On these
grounds, which were set up as good reasons for granting separate and independent
Governments to other parts of the empire, the claims of Cornwall could not be
overlooked to a separate and independent Government, and if it was to come about,
he hoped that all the alliances of the commission Parliaments and Cabinets would be
friendly to the British Government."[17]

Henry Jenner was an important figure in early 20th-century Cornish national

awareness. He made the case for Cornwall's membership in the Celtic Congress,
pioneered the movement to revive the Cornish language, and founded the Cornish
Gorseth.[18]

Some intellectual support for Cornish self-government has come from the Institute
of Cornish Studies, affiliated to the University of Exeter.[vague]
In 2000, the Cornish Constitutional Convention launched a campaign for a Cornish
Assembly. This was a cross-party movement representing many political voices and
positions in Cornwall, from Mebyon Kernow and Cornish Solidarity to the Liberal
Democrats and Conservatives. It collected over 50,000 petition signatures.[19] A
similar petition was started online by Mebyon Kernow in 2014, along with a series
of "Assembly Roadshows" . This only achieved 2655 signatures, (a significant
minority of which were not from Cornwall,) leaving it far short of the 5000 needed.
[20][21]

On 14 July 2009, Dan Rogerson MP, of the Liberal Democrats, presented a Cornish
'breakaway' bill to the Parliament in Westminster – 'The Government of Cornwall
Bill'. The bill proposes a devolved Assembly for Cornwall, similar to the Welsh and
Scottish set up. The bill states that Cornwall should re-assert its rightful place
within the United Kingdom. Rogerson argued that, "Cornwall should re-assert its
rightful place within the United Kingdom. Cornwall is a unique part of the country,
and this should be reflected in the way that it is governed. We should have the
right to determine areas of policy that affect the people of Cornwall the hardest,
such as rules on housing ... Cornwall has the right to a level of self-Government.
If the Government is going to recognise the right of Scotland and Wales to greater
self-determination because of their unique cultural and political positions, then
they should recognise ours."[22][23][24][25]

The Cornish independence movement received unexpected publicity in 2004, when

Channel 4's Alternative Christmas message, featuring the Simpsons, showed Lisa
Simpson chanting Free Cornwall Now! / Rydhsys rag Kernow lemmyn ! ("Freedom for
Cornwall now!") and holding a placard saying "UK OUT OF CORNWALL".[26][27]
Support
The Cornish flag, the banner of Cornwall's patron saint Saint Piran, has become a
symbol of Cornwall and is flown throughout the county.

Cornwall County Council's Feb 2003 MORI poll showed 55% in favour of a referendum
on an elected, fully devolved regional assembly for Cornwall and 13% against.
(Previous result: 46% in favour in 2002) However the same MORI poll indicated an
equal number of Cornish respondents were in favour of a South West Regional
Assembly, (70% in favour of a Cornish assembly, 72% in favour of a S.West Regional
assembly). The campaign for a Cornish Assembly had the support of all three Cornish
Lib Dem MPs, Mebyon Kernow, and Cornwall Council.[citation needed] However, in
2015, the Conservative party won all six seats in Cornwall, removing the Lib Dems
supporters from office. All six Conservative MPs were returned to office in the
2017 and 2019 elections.

Lord Whitty, as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of

Environment, Transport and the Regions, in the House of Lords, recognised that
Cornwall has a "special case" for devolution.[28] and on a visit to Cornwall the
then Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott said "Cornwall has the strongest regional
identity in the UK."[29]

In October 2007 the then Lib Dem MP Andrew George stated in a press release, "Just
because the Government has approached the whole Regional Devolution agenda in
entirely the wrong way, does not mean to say that the project itself should be
ditched. If Scotland is benefiting from devolution then Cornwall should learn from
this and increase the intensity of its own campaign for devolution to a Cornish
Assembly."[30] Andrew George lost his seat in the 2015 election.

On Tuesday 17 July 2007, Local Government Minister John Healey MP announced

Government plans to abolish regional assemblies. Functions of regional assemblies
are planned to pass to Regional Development Agencies in 2010.[31] The South West
Regional Assembly was replaced by the South West Regional Development Agency in
2010. The South West Regional Development Agency was closed in 2012.

On 19 July 2007, MP Dan Rogerson welcomed the government announcement that

unelected Regional Assemblies are to be scrapped and he asked the government to
look again at the case for a locally accountable Cornish Assembly and Cornish
Development agency, "in light of the important convergence funding from the EU".
Cornish MP Andrew George said in July 2007 I'm optimistic that the Minister's
announcement will give us the future prospects to build a strong consensus,
demonstrate Cornwall's distinctiveness from the Government zone for the South West
and then draw up plans so that we can decide matters for ourselves locally rather
than being told by unelected quangos in Bristol and elsewhere." Dan Rogerson lost
his seat in the 2015 election.

In December 2007, Cornwall County Council Leader David Whalley stated "There is
something inevitable about the journey to a Cornish Assembly. We are also moving
forward in creating a Cornish Development Agency – we are confident that strategic
planning powers will come back to us after the SW regional assembly goes."[citation
needed] David Whally quit his post in 2009.[32] In 2008 Cornish Liberal Democrat
councillors agreed plans to create a Unitary authority for the region, abolishing
the six district councils. This meant that where previously there was once one
elected member for every 3,000 residents, there is now one councillor for every
7,000 people.[citation needed]

The unitary authority "One Cornwall" Council does however not have the same powers
as the proposed Cornish Assembly. Westminster ruled out any extra powers for
Cornwall and the South West Regional Development Agency remained in place until
2009.[33] This means that Cornish Objective One money was managed from outside of
Cornwall. There have in fact been suggestions that powers could be taken from the
new Cornish unitary authority as it may struggle to cope with the extra workload
inherited from the district councils.[citation needed] A premise for a single
governing body for Cornwall was that the new Cornwall Council would have greater
powers, being granted more responsibilities from Westminster.[34]

The Communist Party of Britain has voiced support saying "[We] support....Cornish
culture and the Cornish language and for the aspiration of Cornish people to have
the special status and needs of Cornwall to be acknowledged".[35]
Political parties and pressure groups

Mebyon Kernow is the key political party advocating greater Cornish home rule.
Since 2004 Mebyon Kernow has been a member of the Europe-wide political group, the
European Free Alliance (alongside the Scottish National Party and Plaid Cymru –
Party of Wales), which has five Members of the European Parliament (two from the
SNP, one from Plaid Cymru, one from the Republican Left of Catalonia and one
Latvian MEP), and is part of the Greens/EFA group. Mebyon Kernow contested its
first European Parliamentary elections in 2009, where they entered candidates for
the UK southwest region which comprises Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire,
Gibraltar, Gloucestershire and Bristol, as well as Cornwall, although they failed
to win any seats.[36] Mebyon Kernow has held a consistent 4% of the vote total in
Cornwall Council elections, and currently has 5 councillors out of the total of 87
elected. At national level in general elections, Mebyon Kernow has achieved between
1.3% and 1.9% of the Cornish vote.
Cornish Constitutional Convention is a cross-party advisory group that has been
instrumental in moulding opinion in both Cornwall and London towards a new
accommodation for Cornwall within the United Kingdom. It was formed in November
2000 with the objective of establishing a devolved Assembly for Cornwall (Senedh
Kernow).[37] It states that "The aim of the Convention is to establish a form of
modern governance which strengthens Cornwall, her role in the affairs of the
country, and positively addresses the problems that have arisen from more than a
century of growing isolation and loss of confidence." Its principal lobbying
document is DEVOLUTION for ONE and ALL: Governance for Cornwall in the 21st Century
[38] The convention has not published any new work since 2009.

The Celtic League and Celtic Congress consider Cornwall to be one of six Celtic
nations.

The Celtic League and Celtic Congress have a Cornish branch and recognise
Cornwall as a Celtic Nation alongside the Isle of Man, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and
Brittany. The league is a political pressure group that campaigns for independence
and Celtic cooperation.[39]
The Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament was a pressure group on Cornish
constitutional and cultural issues. The websites of the CSP provides an overview of
their main points and current campaigns. The CSP has one of its members in the
Federal Union of European Nationalities (FUEN) [citation needed]. The Revived
Cornish Stannary Parliament has not been active since 2008.
The Cornish Nationalist Party was formed in 1975 by Dr James Whetter and is
currently not registered to contest elections.[40]
Cornish Solidarity were a non-partisan political pressure group that called for
the recognition of the ethnic Cornish as a national minority. They are currently in
"hibernation"
John Angarrack of Cornwall 2000, the Human Rights organisation, has written and
by self-publishing has produced three books to date, "Breaking the Chains", "Our
Future is History" and "Scat t’Larrups?" released on 15 May 2008. They detail many
of the core issues of the Cornish national movement as well as a re-examination of
Cornish history and the Cornish constitution.[41] The "Cornish Fighting Fund" was
launched by Cornwall 2000 in August 2008. However the fund failed to meet the
required target of £100,000 by the end of December 2008, having received just over
£33,000 in pledges, and the plan is now abandoned.[42] The instigator of the
campaign, John Angarrack, on launching the fund stated; "If by that date (8 Dec
2008), the strategy outlined here has not gathered the required level of support,
we shall assume that the Cornish community does not cherish its identity nor care
that it survives."
Tyr Gwyr Gweryn (Cornish for land, truth, people) was originally a focus group
formed out of members of 'Cowethas Flamank', a Cornish affairs group, and
participants in Kescusulyans Kernow (Conference of Cornwall) having a special
interest in the constitution of Cornwall. TGG has posted to its website the
transcript of the dispute between the Crown & Duchy of Cornwall (1855–1857) over
ownership the Cornish Foreshore. This has been done in order to place the
previously hidden legal argument and evidence, submitted for arbitration, into the
public domain.[43]
An Gof was a militant organisation, which was active in the early 1980s. A
message was sent in 2007 claiming that it had reformed and was responsible for
graffiti in various places around Cornwall and attacks on St. George's flags. Later
in 2007, it claimed to have merged with another group to form the Cornish National
Liberation Army. A message was sent claiming to be from this organisation,
threatening celebrity chefs Rick Stein and Jamie Oliver, blaming them for the
increase in house prices caused by the trend towards English people owning second
homes in Cornwall. It is far from clear whether this was ever a real organisation.
[44]

Political representation
See also: Politics of Cornwall
[icon]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2009)
In Cornwall

In the 2009 local elections Mebyon Kernow won three of the 123 seats on the then
newly created Cornwall Council. An independent councillor joined Mebyon Kernow in
2010. Mebyon Kernow also has 18 parish councillors elected.[45] A number of
nationalist independents[vague] were also elected to the Cornwall Council. Prior to
the 2013 local elections Mebyon Kernow held six seats on the council, having gained
two due to defections from other parties, and winning one in a by-election. Keeping
the seat won in the by-election, and a gain of one seat elsewhere, left them with
four in total. This dropped them to being the sixth largest group on the council,
from the position of fourth largest prior to the election, being overtaken by UKIP
and the Labour party.[46] In the 2017 council elections Mebyon Kernow again won 4
of the 123 seats available.[47]
In the United Kingdom

Mebyon Kernow does not have any members elected to the UK parliament, but Andrew
George and Dan Rogerson of the Liberal Democrats took up nationalist causes both in
Parliament and outside of it. Andrew George was the first MP to take his
parliamentary oath in Cornish.[48] All five Cornish Liberal Democrat MPs put their
names to the Government of Cornwall Bill 2009 which proposed setting up a
legislative Cornish Assembly.[49] In the 2015, 2017 and 2019 elections all six
Cornish seats returned Conservative MPs, ousting the aforementioned Lib Dem
supporters.[50]
In Europe

Mebyon Kernow is a member of the European Free Alliance party in the European
Parliament. In the 2009 European elections it received 14,922 votes, insufficient
to gain any MEPs.[51] Mebyon Kernow did not stand in the 2014 European elections.
[52]
Violence

A group called An Gof, referring to the blacksmith Michael An Gof who led the
failed rebellion of 1497, made a number of attacks in the 1980s, including a bomb
at a courthouse in St Austell in 1980, a fire in a Penzance hairdressers a year
later, and an arson attack on a bingo hall in Redruth.[53][54] It remained silent
until 2007, when it made a statement that "any attempts from hereon to fly the
hated and oppressive Flag of St George, which we know as the blood banner in our
country, will result in direct action by our organisation".[53] An English flag in
Tresillian earlier that year was destroyed and the words "English Out" daubed on a
garden wall.[55]

In 2007, an email was sent from someone claiming to represent the Cornish National
Liberation Army. It made headlines when it threatened to burn down two restaurants
in Padstow and Newquay belonging to Rick Stein and Jamie Oliver respectively, whom
the group called "English newcomers".[55][56] The group claimed it had funding from
"other Celtic Nations" and the United States, and appeared to be an amalgamation of
the Cornish Liberation Army and An Gof.[53] It also reportedly sprayed "burn second
homes" onto walls in the county.[55] There were also reports that the group had
placed broken glass under the sand on Cornish beaches, "to deter tourists.[57][58]
"The group's actions were linked to local concerns about lack of affordable housing
and an increasing number of second homes.[59]
See also

flagCornwall portal

Cornish related pages

Cornish devolution
Constitutional status of Cornwall
Corineus
Cornish Assembly
Cornish Foreshore Case
List of topics related to Cornwall
Royal charters relating to Cornwall
Other major related movements

Welsh nationalism
Welsh independence
Breton nationalism
Reunification of Brittany
Pan-Celticism
List of active autonomist and secessionist movements

References

Mebyon Kernow - The Party for Cornwall. "Mebyon Kernow - The Party for Cornwall".
Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"BBC News - Guernsey government may be model for Cornwall". BBC News. 23 August
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"British Society for Population Studies". Archived from the original on 5 May 2009.
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Harris, John (4 January 2006). "Cornwall goes for gold". The Guardian Weekly. 2018
Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
"The Cornish: A Neglected Nation?". BBC History. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
Recognition of Cornwall as a National Minority Archived 28 September 2011 at the
Wayback Machine on Epetitionsd dot direct gov dot uk
"Heritage is not English; it's ours". West Briton. Archived from the original on 7
February 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Cornish people granted minority status within UK". BBC News. 24 April 2014.
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"Sovereign Grant Act 2011: guidance". Government Digital Service.
"Welcome to the Duchy of Cornwall". Archived from the original on 29 January 2011.
Retrieved 23 June 2009.
"The Duchy of Cornwall". The Guardian. London. 17 May 2000. Retrieved 30 April
2010.
John, H. (1995) The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings. London: Penguin Books
Philip Payton. (1996). Cornwall. Fowey: Alexander Associates
Stoyle, Mark (1 January 2001). "A separate people". The Cornish: A Neglected
Nation?. BBC History. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
Harley, Nicola (5 November 2015). "council spends 180000 on cornish language".
Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
Tregidga, Garry (Spring 1999). "Devolution for the Duchy – The Liberal Party and
the Nationalist Movement in Cornwall" (PDF). Journal of Liberal Democrat History
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"Lord Salisbury at Bristol". Preston Herald. 24 April 1889. p. 5. Retrieved 7 May
2020.
Payton, Philip (2004). "Re-inventing Kernow". Cornwall – A History (2nd revised
ed.). Fowey: Cornwall Editions Ltd. ISBN 1-904880-05-3.
"BBC News - ENGLAND - Blair gets Cornish assembly call". Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Cornwall, Mebyon Kernow - The Party for. "Cornish Assembly Roadshow starts in Truro
on the 25th January". www.mebyonkernow.org.
"Online Cornish assembly petition launched". www.mebyonkernow.org.
"MP calls for more power to Cornwall". Dan Rogerson's official site. Archived from
the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2013.
"Cornish independence - Dan Rogerson - Commons motion". West Briton. Archived from
the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"MP wants more powers for county". BBC News. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Government of Cornwall Bill – Cornish Assembly – Dan Rogerson MP – July 2009
Archived 8 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
"Cornwall - Lisa puts cool into Cornish cause". BBC News. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Cornwall Uncovered – The Simpsons go Cornish for Christmas". BBC. December 2004.
Retrieved 3 January 2009.
House of Lords debates, Wednesday, 21 March 2001, "Devolution: England" transcript
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Local Government and the Regions (1 January 2004). Draft Regional Assemblies Bill.
The Stationery Office. ISBN 9780215019394.
"Andrew George". Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Regional assemblies will be axed". BBC News. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Cornwall County Council leader David Whalley quits". Plymouth Herald. 11 March
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"The Celtic League". Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Untitled3". Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Books about Cornwall and England by John Angarrack". Archived from the original on
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"Cornish Fighting Fund - mudhook". Retrieved 20 March 2015.
"Tyr-Gwyr-Gweryn". Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 20
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"Ooh R U kidding? TV chef Rick Stein in Cornish 'dirty tricks' row".
"Mebyon Kernow Town and Parish councillors". Mebyon Kernow. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
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"Cornwall Council divisions for election 4 May 2017 - Cornwall Council".
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CMJacqui (8 May 2015). "General Election 2015 Result: Cornwall turns blue as
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"European Election 2009: UK Results". BBC News. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
Cllr Dick Cole (11 October 2013). "MK and the 2014 Euro-elections".
mebyonkernow.blogspot.com.au. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
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"English Courthouse Bombed". The New York Times. 9 December 1980. Retrieved 30
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targeting celebrity chefs". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 18 May 2009.
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2009.
"Condemnation for 'An Gof' vandalism". Falmouth Packet. 25 April 2007.
"In Search Of The Cornish National Liberation Army". 11 January 2012.

"Man held in chef-threat inquiry". BBC News. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 18 May
2009.

Further reading

Angarrack, J. Our Future Is History. Independent Academic Press. 2002. ISBN 0-

9529313-4-6.
 Deacon, B., Cole, D. & Tregidga, G. Mebyon Kernow and Cornish Nationalism.
Welsh Academic Press. 2003. ISBN 1-86057-075-5.

External links

Mebyon Kernow
The Cornish Stannary Parliament
The Celtic League
The Celtic Congress
The Federal Union of European Nationalities

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Ethnic nationalism
Categories:

Cornish nationalismSeparatism in the United KingdomCeltic nationalismHome rule

in the United KingdomIndependence movementsPolitics of CornwallIdentity politics in
the United KingdomRegionalism (politics) in the United Kingdom

This page was last edited on 29 February 2024, at 10:09 (UTC).

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