AUDI AG

Volkswagen AG
Ae = b.l )
Deformation resistance kr
The calculation values in Table relate to forming with screw presses. When knuckle-joint or
crank presses are used, 50% higher values must be expected as the impact effect is
compared to the impact of the screw presses.
In force calculation a difference is made between embossing and impressing lettering, and
deep coining. In deep coining, the depth of the relief, and thus also the deformation stress,
kr, (Table 8.1) is greater than when embossing.

max. coining force F=

kr values for coining in N/mm2

Closed coining die with guide post,
a) blank
rimin s .c
rimax when Roll bending
During roll bending, the limiting values of the bend radii arise from the plasticity criterion,
and for the smallest radius they also come from the dimensions of the bending rolls.
Bending in a V-shaped die
w
 Bending in a U-shaped die

Bending force for tooling with plate-shaped,

spring-actuated ejector (backing pad)
Bending tooling

V-shaped die
U-shaped die
Bending defects

(a) (b)

(c)
Aluminum skins for aircraft can be made by this method. Source: Cyril Bath Co.
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NGUYÊN CÔNG LÊN VÀNH (Collar forming, Dimpling)
Collar forming processes
Collar forming dies
NOSING DIE

Schematic illustration of a Type I nosing die

NOSING DIE

Schematic illustration of a Type II nosing die

NOSING DIE

Schematic illustration of a Type III nosing die:

a) without inside support of workpiece;
b) with inside support of workpiece.
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High-pressure sheet hydroforming
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