Double negation law

This law states that if a statement is negated twice, it is logically equivalent to the original statement. In
simpler terms, saying something is not true is the same as saying it is true.

For example a double negation of a proposition “X” is symbolized by ((X)’)’, which is logically equivalent
to “X”.

The double negation law is a fundamental principle of logic and is used in various reasoning and proof
techniques. It helps simplify statements and make logical arguments clearer.

Identity law

This law states that any variable remains unchanged when combined with specific values using certain
operators. In the context of the image, the law states:

* A variable, denoted by A, remains unchanged when ANDed with 1.

* A variable, denoted by A, remains unchanged when ORed with 0.

These statements are formalized mathematically in the truth table provided in the prent. The law is
applied to variable A.

The Identity Law is one of several fundamental principles of Boolean Algebra. These principles form the
foundation for simplifying logical expressions and designing digital circuits.

Annulment law

It states that a variable ANDed with 0 or ORed with 1 will result in a specific output.

* A variable A ANDed with 0 (denoted by A.0) results in 0 (written as 0).

* A variable A ORed with 1 (denoted by A + 1) results in 1 (written as 1).

The truth table in the image illustrates this law for variable A.
The Annulment Law is one of the foundational laws in Boolean Algebra. These laws are used to simplify
logical expressions and design digital circuits.

Commutative law

The commutative law states that the order of operands in a Boolean expression does not affect the
outcome of the operation. In simpler terms, you can swap the places of A and B in a Boolean expression,
and the answer will stay the same.

The image specifically focuses on the OR operation (+). For example, according to the commutative law,
A + B is equivalent to B + A.

Sure, I can explain the image you sent of the commutative law for Boolean algebra. In Boolean algebra,
the commutative law states that the order of operands in a Boolean expression does not affec

The commutative law applies to both OR and AND operations in Boolean Algebra. It is a fundamental
property that simplifies working with Boolean expressions and helps ensure consistency in logic circuits.

Idempotent law

This law states that applying a certain operation to a variable twice will have the same result as
applying it once.

The law is depicted for the AND (.) and OR (+) operations applied to variable A. The expression A AND
A (written as A.A) is equivalent to A, and the expression A OR A (written as A+A) is also equivalent to A.

The Idempotent Law simplifies working with Boolean expressions by allowing you to remove redundant
operations. For instance, if you see the expression X.X in a Boolean equation, you can simplify it to just
X without affecting the outcome.

The Idempotent Law is one of several fundamental laws of Boolean Algebra that govern how logical
operations interact. These laws are essential for simplifying expressions, designing digital circuits, and
ensuring the correctness of logical reasoning.
The associative law states that the grouping of operands in a Boolean expression does not affect the
outcome of the operation, as long as the order of operations is preserved. In simpler terms, regardless
of how you group parentheses around ANDs or ORs in a Boolean expression, the answer will stay the
same.

The image specifically focuses on the AND operation (.). For example, according to the associative law,
(A.B).C is equivalent to A.(B.C).

The associative law applies to both OR and AND operations in Boolean Algebra. It is a fundamental
property that simplifies working with Boolean expressions and helps ensure consistency in logic circuits.

Complement Law. This law refers to the relationship between a variable and its complement. The
complement of a variable is its logical opposite, typically denoted by a bar over the variable.

The law states two key principles:

* **A variable OR its complement equals 1:** This is represented in the image as X + X' = 1. It signifies
that when a variable is combined with its opposite, the result is always true (1).

* **A variable AND its complement equals 0:** This is shown as X * X' = 0. It indicates that when a
variable is combined with its opposite using AND, the result is always false (0).

The truth table in the image illustrates this law for variable A.
The Complement Law is a fundamental principle of Boolean Algebra. These laws form the foundation for
simplifying logical expressions and designing digital circuits.