Surveying

A Bannister &
S Raymond

igasi

y24

Fourth Edition
PERPUSTAKAANI

PROYEK PEMBINAAN PELAKSANAAN

IRIGASI
y VEK
TPNC 2

Honeg No.42

SURVEYING

5?8
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No.AGENDA 35
HAD MC
TUKA
BELI
KETERANGAN: }KP
 Some other ELBS low-priced editions

Abbott TECHNICAL DRAWING Blackie

Barry THE CONSTRUCTION Crosby Lockwood
OF BUILDINGS, Vols I-V Staples
Bishop and THE MEASUREMENT Edward Arnold
Henkel OF SOIL PROPERTIES
IN THE TRIAXIAL TEST
Burnside ELECTROMAGNETIC
DISTANCE Crosby Lockwood
MEASUREMENT Staples
Case and STRENGTH OF
Chilver Edward Arnold
MATERIALS AND
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Coates, Coutie STRUCTURAL
and Kong ANALYSIS Nelson
Dugdale SURVEYING
Macdonald & Evans
Fisher WALLS
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Hart
ENGINEERING
DRAWING Hodder & Stoughton
WITH PROBLEMS
AND SOLUTIONS
Jeffrey MATHEMATICS FOOR
ENGINEERS AND Nelson
SCIENTISTS
Kilford ELEMENTARY AIR
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Launder FOUNDATIONS
Marshall and Macmillan
STRUCTURES Pitman
Nelson
Neville PROPERTIES OF
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Owen ROOFS
Smith Macmillan
CONSTRUCTION SCIENCE, Longman
Vol. II
Thomson EXERCISES IN GRAPHIC Nelson
COMMUNICATION
Thomson SOLUTIONS TO EXER-
CISES IN GRAPHIC Nelson
COMMUNICATION
 A. BANNISTER
M.C., M.Sc., F.I.C.E.
Reader in Civil Engineering
University of Salford
and

S. RAYMOND
M.Sc., Ph.D., Dip.T.P. (Manchester)
F.I.C.E., M.R.T.P.I., M.Inst. H.E.
Reader in Civil Engineering
University of Salford

SURVEYING
Fourth edition

EV
s
The English Language Book Society and Pitman
w14
o8
CONTENTS

Preface vii
1 Introductory 1
Definitions. Basic principles of Surveying.
2 Chain Surveying
Equipment required. Procedure. Errors. Booking and
plotting the survey. Problems encountered.
3 Levelling
41
Optical principles. Construction and adjustment of levels.
Compensators. Procedure. Booking the observations.
Contouring. Setting out. Curvature and Refraction. Accu-
racy.
4 The Theodolite and Traverse Surveying 108
Construction and adjustment of the Vernier theodolite.
Measurement of angles. Trigonometrical levelling. Con-
struction and adjustment of glass-arc theodolites. Au-
tomatic Index. Traverse surveys and their adjustment.
Forced centring. Weisbach triangle. Vertical alignment by
optical plumbing. Control of alignment.
5 Areas and Volumes 187
Areas of straight-sided figures, irregular figures and cross-
sections. Computation of volumes. Mass-haul diagrams.

6 Other Surveying Instruments 241

Construction and use of: Plane table, Abney level, Box
and nautical sextants, Compass, Barometers.
7 Tacheometry 281
Stadia system. Infuence of staff tilt. Auto-reduction.
 Tangential system. Subtense system. Optical wedge sys-
tems.
8 Curve Ranging
Derivation of relevant formulae for, and the setting out 327
of, circular curves, transition curves and vertical curves.

9 Triangulation Surveys
Base line measurement by 376
catenary methods. Principles
of
triangulation. Satellite station.
10 Electronic and Electro-Optical Distance Measurement
Velocity of electro-magnetic wave. General principles of
403
distance measurement by microwave and electro-optical
systems. Relation between distance and phase difference.
Phase measurement. More detailed discussion of various
distance measuring instruments using microwaves, visible
light, infra-red light or laser light. Sources of error.
11 Azimuth Determination
439
Introduction to field astronomy. Azimuth
and extra-meridian observations. Effects
by elongation
of errors. Deter-
mination of meridian by
gyroscope. Construction and use
of the
Gyro-theodolite. Convergence of meridians.
12 Hydrographic Surveying
Tide gauging.
Soundings and their location.
of currents and volumes of Measurement 485
flow.
13 Photogrammetry
Terrestrial 517
photogrammetry. Photo-theodolite. Stereo-
photogrammetry. Aerial photogrammetry. Principles.
Effect of tilt. Cameras and films. Stereoscopic
Heighting. Radial line pairs.
plotting. Rectification and mosaics.
Plotting machines. Applications. Digital terrain models.
14 Theory of Errors
590
Probability curve. Standard deviation. Standard error.
Weighting. Adjustment of errors of observation. Method
of correlates.

Index
627

vi
CONTENTS
 EL
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A concise textbook which provides a direct approach to

the principles and basic problems of surveying, with a
firm emphasis on modern equipment and techniques. it is
highly suitable for students reading for examinations ofthe
Institute of Civil Engineers and similar professional bodies,
and for degrees in Engineering, Ordinary and Higher
National Diplomas in Building, and Higher National
Certificates in Structural Engineering, Civii Engineering or
Building. For this new Fourth Edition there has been
considerable revision and some rewriting. The chapter on
Field Astronomy has been rearranged and is now entitled
Azimuth Determination. There is a new chapte on
Electronic and Electro-Optical Distance Measurement

ISBN 0 273 43901 4