CH2 (COOH)2 , p𝐾a1 = 2.847 y p𝐾a2 = 5.

696 H2 Mal
H2 Mal HMal − Mal2−
H2 Mal
HMal − NaHMal
Mal2− Na2 Mal

HL p𝐾a1 = 2.318 p𝐾a2 = 9.744

R = −CH2 CH(CH3 )2

H2 L+ L−
H2 L+ Cl− HL Na + L−

p𝐾𝑎1 = 2.344; p𝐾𝑎2 = 9.868

HCis −

g
pHc MM = 204.223
mol
g
𝑀𝑀 = 210.094
mol

pHc = 4.40
g
p𝐾𝑎1 = 1.252; p𝐾𝑎2 = 4.266 MM 𝐻2 𝐶2𝑂4 = 90.00
mol

pHc = 5.50
g
MM = 123.11
mol
p𝐾𝑎1 = 1.010; p𝐾𝑎2 = 5.390

H 3 N+
H3 Glu+ H3 Lys 2+
pKa1 = 2.16 + pKa1 = 1.77
+
NH3 NH3
pKa2 = 4.30 pKa2 = 9.07
pKa3 = 9.96 pKa3 = 10.82

𝟏. 𝟔 𝟓. 𝟗𝟕 𝟗. 𝟐𝟖

H3 His 2+ H2 His + HHis His −

 Na2 CO3 /NaHCO3
Na2 CO3 NaHCO3 H2 CO3 p𝐾a1 =
6.35; p𝐾a2 = 10.33

H3 PO4 NaH2 PO4 Na2 HPO4 Na3 PO4

C7 H6 O2

C7 H6 O2 H3 PO4
NaH2 PO4 Na2 HPO4 Na3 PO4

𝜇 = 0.0850 𝑀

H3 PO4

CH3 COO − /CH3 COOH

[H2 Mal] = 0.0888 𝑀 [HMal − ] = 0.0112 𝑀; [Mal2− ] = 2.01 × 10 −6 𝑀

[H2 Mal] = 0.00347 𝑀 [HMal − ] = 0.0930 𝑀; [Mal2− ] = 3.52 × 10−3 𝑀
[H2 Mal] = 7.09 × 10 −12 𝑀 [ HMal− ] = 2.24 × 10 −7 𝑀; [Mal2− ] = 9.998 × 10 −2 𝑀

𝜇 = 0.0502 𝑀
𝜇 = 0.162 𝑀
𝜇 = 0.0563 𝑀

Na2 CO3 NaHCO3

NaH2 PO4 Na2 HPO4 𝜇 = 0.056 𝑀
Na2 HPO4 NaH2 PO4 CT = 0.028 𝑀

[Cl − ] = 0.9908 𝑀; [AcOH] = 0.2618 𝑀; [AcO −] = 0.7425 𝑀 (0.74625 𝑀 si se usa el AcONa anhidro) ; [Cit 3− ] =
0.0012 𝑀; [Na + ] = 1.7447 𝑀 (1.7490 𝑀 si se usa el AcONa anhidro) .
pHc = 5.209 (5.211 si se usa el AcONa anhidro)