ELENZ00)- Electromcs | Diopes Symbol? —pe- e 0 “Types : small signal Hodes LEP , Zener, Photo diodes, PV calls DIODES ARE NON-LINEAR DEVICES I, “Bode acts as Forward Bias region open cirgury ‘ + acts as closed suitch an be seen ¥ + small & as vers kigh & : = Ideal Diode fias Region Chard conduchs) Ts = soburoion Uusrrent 47 charge on & (,b0 Xion“ C) Bolt mann Constan & Junction tempersture ia K = Identity factor Casually 1) Vaz Voltage across clicde Ty: Ie(e#*- 1) TP te vollage on He pose is mare paitive than he voltage an he a-side, shan fhe diode js FoRwARD BIASED . Cord vice versal) Te NG> Vp- Va 70, TRS forward bias od grup % doped with holes - mayority carriers gmp S impunties dlection - miror'hy carriers ut egether fo create —lp Jo} — @ materials PoP junction - Diode norma stare P BEL 4 uy Depletion layer Vb = VYp- Vn Electrons aead to overcemea the Depletion layor ot first => Uyton) P 7 Ye due : mien 7 ace) = ite ye v caret Yo Depletion region rows ' (eciuse oF Small current) Can ao until Saturation current (Zs) and “Hor will breatedown (Zener diecles con operate in tat region)Device Models : = oy iP Va © Vacony B08 Loa a 7 a o a 8 ee et eo Copen creat) Treverse #6 ip af Theo Went Mo Fay % Ma 7 Yocn sar (8) pastes ] + i yt S pece-wise linea’ mode! Me Vdeony + Tp Rp DF = + ZR > + "By KUL: 2 Me Veco +Vp = TaR — Tae Vicon Ip = “rR Reene Bias: a dio) 299 Vee 0 ~ +y - R Nias ER Taso sk + Va = -10V > The vegative alu of Vd indicates thot jre dizcle |S in reverse bias Chis is Constant Equi 4 Hiro .___| aos sow TA this model, we measure wrth & multimeter) nt_Circute “4 7 forward Bias : iat eqprivalent : Reverse Biax : Vey 2 FY dew Va cory, Tes0 see that fr fowo bios, we Jor ed ob ve + te equivalast circuit elemert reduces to I) 9% this is a bod vodal ! oe | Tattered) = VedconTeal Diode Equwalent Circuit Ta Ty piece- 9 Contant wise drop ideh : Vain) V4 : Vol a ae LO eo vae < Forward Bios : W470; which simples 4o a short ciruwit FS h 6. Taso reverse bias: Vdc j simplifies to an open cirunit ve This model is the simplest version bak “8 not pa for accucke analysis * The manmum power dissipoled by the dial can nok bo exceededt: | Pa> Wx Ta Diodes dre only subected to DC Sources I, Trtoanf == === === A : la ' i Tap ' qa 4 —+y Yay “4 Yon) OeFine 0 dyramic resistance : (AC with 06 comp?) * The bias“increases and olcreases ~ ZL does the some (ell within forwacd bias rejion) Doser aceon eq cyrtuit Vicon) © FV Vdcony © O17V. “lov + locoy, +0,2V + 2000(Y,-Y2 3000, - 2000%,7 Y3V ...O Sv + 2000(%- 1) -6,7V 2000Y, - 20¥, - 43 U..@ 3 Y= SmA aad %22,8S mA aud te fict loopy can be Ta Ven? 2 Mp Transformer: — + step-down transformer Rectifier: AC 60 pulsating OC iIker : reduces the pulsating nature of the output of te rectifier (s i) Regulator: Regulated DC out put + Rectifier cirusit: Vin t Wt Wy =O Vin Vd — Vy =OPeak inverse voltage > onufacturers Specs Moximum reverse voltage > max V that diode con withstand Full - wove rectifier circuit @ Contre ~ Tapped Transformer (CTT) © Bridge (BFRC) Dy = + Vsh. Ac RV = Upc a Vo Whin Vi,? Of 2 Voi Now = 7 2P oy Vo, -0,4v ©. Vo = Vin OV Vg = = 2Vin #O/FV, 2 rev. bir Dz aes Whon Un $9, the ler of D, and Dz are revesed The frequency of te cubput is wwiee ob of i infue we have not removed We pulsating nodure yet. Arter olsoduan tage (S that the trarcforrer is bulky onl exper sive.idge Full wave rectifier (BFW circu When 20 #0 YRS Me pb, site Dy ison There ba HV at Va but oe iE WC lest Han Vin by G+ Vee) Ac input _ <2 Dy won, Ve De son : Dy is off since Voacy) © Voucr) (Vo <0) DC Ground is note Y,cmin pe) eq. is VEC O2U htyher . tice SIN, tine Bm AC . — KUL: Un- O2y -Y-O75G ‘npet -— * We Vir bev han Ve ZO te Ne Ac inpat Ac inpar So far: : Mo Vo = Vez =O,4U . Vp = UF ORV Une =~ W4 O,3U 2 MPU: “Ug t O70 W DyandDe Uo= U- LeU Dyed De Average Value * same expr: 8 belave Up, = O- (Vi-Q3V) = -U; +0,30 Values are fe Same ! co AC Inpur po ~ DC out pur -As Ha V across D, reaches a max, the Capaciter chames. once. Ge volt os 210, it discharges se Stored chage . te fhe “resister, which ' Smoother out he wave. Ouf oe ob bt capuitive in Graph @ ~ CV 7 oe fectifier ‘ ; ' : wwtHoul i j ! : cap ‘ Hy ' Ts o. out put across load ue: eee Ee voltage \o(p2 = Ve Cmax) Wiptp-n) 7 Vetwax) — Vecanin)) inp deperds lagely on te size of He aS dent 4 Jee kad. _ a oe Capacitors have a tme content T2R-C ond it discharges rough about St Note: T=RCOT hy Minn? Veep e /*¢ td= T- be or tey LC Neewiny = Vagpe vee ———S> T(gened)’ELEN Zoo) - ELECTRONICS Zener Lequlatien not speciFied ict is taken to be 16% of Laman Voetomin) Ca Ve We) must’ be pe a lmin) oo : Be Ve SS Mores“The output of 3 rene related dc power sup dren by capac tered FBR |s 12 wih maniumload carer cf 50 mA ands . : ‘minimumat A There ode speciation Va @ = 12, oR EF R ‘nun ® 150A a lye = 10mA Theat che trformer primary i : ‘rns to secondary tun 172. Suppose the ripe peakto peak. voltage 3 Vand the input ac voip 6220 tH poy he ‘ioe constant rop model (= 0.7} and doe Determine the masimum ané minum eltage cos the fer capactor (ate the magnitude of the ftercagacor aa pect ts voltage ating Design the ener eptorby determing the magrtude of he ‘seis restr ands powering Calelate the maximum reverse wage acres non conducting ode herce or atherns, pe the PV fr the rete diodes BIUVins "Temn= lob Demin = Ove @ Scie Temox = Iso Timax = SOmp Vp = Vign- Lav = Vecmas (Formula From Fuser) =n fz -), Vey = 830NE = 4 ; os iay, Sl o Vetmaxy 2 FV Wy : Vetniny = 124N = 5 IWF Y Tseoin) > Lemien * Tepmaxy > Ona + SOmA = bOmp 2 Vex (ning- Vata Voto = Vatmnny : _ Voclms)~ Varny Mote — Veew SO ea error Pe rpegeeELI FARR, 45 WY ~' Rs con be 40.2 - Vee enax) = Vata? Tra) = Rs 2 we Ve = Tstwen) SsChipping circuits * purpase is to chaege waveforn biased @ Semel Cl biased Wr . N unbiased Seres unbiased Clipping civus ao : ku: Ve v >) f Ui = Ub- Uy =e if di is off: WFO 2. UA Uy Vo . = * _ = WE Must NE Yi %O,4U for the diacke 4 conduct - on » Reo BY Coa, it will rok Conduct Wher diode 1s on: Via ow u Uap VtpranBiased Series Ciro &. Pail : Us Upp — Ue 22 ue > Ae © became dde off i = Ut Ve LL | - Up > 0,4 diode is on hn Ue > Uy +0,3V Diode on = Diode off: ——= eee Ww eb V aac Tra rackeyistic * gr th-0.94 = viep vpPorat, Unbioged Chipping + Assume Piode is of P UC = Uy - Va =e “ue “) Ve —_ + 1 UF Up . 2 Up switches on ab 0,90 J. Diode Bon whin UW 70/9 Diode an : Diode of F: vi @)ue o ) Vez uyiased Jot Gs Asie Orde is OFF : u@ ae U, Reece ea = “ts Se J U20AVE e 7 - Te * eee ee ve u i ve ope oe oe Transfer _Charackerishic Wo _ OAV 4UyLight emitting diodes (ch I-te) + Mast LEDS are mage up oF compound semiconducter maberias. + Must e forward biased —i— fF LED(on) = i 1b.5 (sensors) “Photodiode (diode thar requires light) S LOR — CLight dependent resistor) + Photatbransister + Temporature sensor + LM35