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Impact of floating market activities on water quality in amphawa floating

market, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand.

Conference Paper · January 2013

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 73 2013
Impact of floating market activities on water
quality in Amphawa floating market, Samut
Songkhram Province, Thailand
S.Choo-In, P. Jantama, P.Taeouang, T. Utarasakul
Abstract—This research aims to study the impact of Amphawa
Floating Market on water quality in Amphawa canal, Samut
Songkram Province. The result showed that the activities of the
floating market caused the suspended solids (SS), fat oil and grease
(FOG) and dissolved oxygen (DO) higher than the days of
inactivity. Boats generated high suspended solid (SS) while
cooking, cleaning of container and oil boat redound higher
contamination of FOG.
In addition, the activities of the floating market were increased
DO and decreased BOD. The other parameters (temperature, pH
conductivity, salinity, turbidity and phosphorus) between the day
of activity and inactivity were did not differ statistically at 0.05
level.
The resulted revealed that water quality in Amphawa canal
need to settle pre-treatment system before used for consumption.
The results of this research are useful for implementing a plan to
reduce FOG from Amphawa floating market activity for
sustainable water resources management.
Keywords— Amphawa floating market, environment
protection, sustainable urban environment, water quality.
I. INTRODUCTION
A MPHAWA Floating Market is a famous tourism
attraction, located in Samut Songkhram Province,
Thailand with the distance 18 kilometers from Mae
Klong estuary and 80 kilometers west of Bangkok.
In the past, Amphawa was the biggest water – based
commercial center in Samut Songkram Province. The old
water – based settlement of the community consisted of
more than 300 units of wooden and masonry shops – houses
and individual dwellings lining along Amphawa canal.
Amphawa Floating Market is an evening market held at
the Amphawa canal every Friday, Saturday and Sunday
Currently from 12.00 pm. – 8.00 pm. Amphawa canal is
occupied by vendors who pack their boats with food, such as
fried sea (mussels, noodles, coffee, sweets, etc.). Visitors
can enjoys an easy atmosphere with music broadcast by the
community members, explore the market, have food, and
hire a boat to see fireflies at night.
S.Choo-in, P. Jantama, P.Taeouang. T. Utaraskul. is with the Faculty
of Sciences and Technology,Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, 1 U-tong
Nok Road, Dusit ,Bangkok 10300, THAILAND
(e-mail: envi_riss45 @hotmail.com)
611
Tourism in Amphawa Floating Market grew rapidly
during 2005-2006 [1]. So Amphawa Floating Market causes
of water and wastewater to be discharge into the canal.
In 1994, the Pollution Control Department (PCD)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand
[2] connected Mae Klong River to the Amphawa canal. Mae
Klong River is a major river flowing through the district of
Amphawa with water from the canal of type 3, which is
suitable for agriculture. This water can be potable, but only
with advanced treatment.
In 2002, water quality at the Amphawa canal remained
quite good. Dissolved oxygen values in the range of 4.5 to
6.9 mg/l. BOD in the range of 1.2 to 3.0 mg/l. Bacteria were
higher than the standard. The total Coliform bacteria was
between 35,000 - 920,000 MPN per 100 ml (the standard
does not exceed 20,000 MPN per 100 ml) and fecal coliform
between 330 - 4,900 MPN per 100 ml (the standard does not
exceed 4,000 MPN per 100 ml.) and found a relatively high
number of coliform bacteria flowing into the Amphawa
floating market[4].
The quality of the Mae Klong River has been monitored
by Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment[2]by using an automatic water
quality monitoring station. Municipal District of Amphawa
Province of Samut Songkram also studied water quality
during April to June 2007 and the results showed that the
average dissolved oxygen was 4.2mg/l. The results of the
measurements showed that water quality is Fair. The results
of measurements on May 28, 2009 at 12:30 pm found the
dissolved oxygen 1.4 milligrams per liter. The electrical
conductivity of 357 micro cement per centimeter is equal to
26.7 degrees Celsius temperature and salinity of 0.2 ppt. A
summary of water quality monitoring has been found to be
very degraded. The dissolved oxygen is less than 2
milligrams per liter. It will be seen that water quality has
degraded slowly 
Thus, this research was to study water quality in the
canal and nearby area. This study compared water quality to
the market activity. The basic information can be used for
water resources management and sustainable partnership
with the market in the future.
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 73 2013

Fig. 1 Amphawa Floating Market

Fig. 2 Amphawa canal on the day of market activity. Fig. 3 Amphawa canal on the day of inactivity.

612
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 73 2013
(Canal Branch).
III. METHODOLOGY The samples were collected between July and October
Four Physical and 8 chemical water quality twsts were 2010 on day of activity and non- activity. Water samples
analyzed (Table II.) and 8 sample site were collected were collected at the center of the width and depth of the
(table I and Fig. 4) water and analysis by standard method. (sandard method
for the Exammination Water and Waste water (1996)[5].
TABLE I Water parameters and methods are shown in Table II.
SAMPLING SITE Impact study to compare the differences in water
Position (UTM) quality in the day of Amphawa floating market activities
site
X Y and the day of non activities were compared by
1.The mouth of the canal. 47P 0603385 1484338 Independent sample t-test with a statistical confidence
2.Leab Natee bridge. 47P 0603387 1484340
3. Decha De Sorn bridge 47P 0603410 1484463
level of 95 percent.
4. Khun Nikorn Bridge. 47P 0603652 1484565
5) In front of Phrayayart temple. 47P 0603672 1484624
6) bridge over the canal 47P 0603674 1484618
7) Samkham bridge. 47P 0604307 1484452
8) bridge with his face repeatedly 47P 0603835 1484743

Fig. 4 Sampling site


TABLE II
WATER QUALITY QUALITY PARAMETERS DETERMINED
AND ANAYLYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN THIS STUDY
Parameter Method or analysis
1. Temperature field Thermometer
2. Conductivity field Conductivity meter
3. salinity field Salinity meter
4. turbidity field Turbidity meter
5. pH field pH meter
6. Dissolve Oxygen (DO) field Azide modification method or DO meter (DO probe)
7. BOD Laboratory Azide modification method 20oC at 5 days.
8. Ammonia-N Laboratory Disstillation titration
9. Nitrate – N Laboratory Cadmiun reduction
10. FOG Laboratory Partition- gavimetric method
11. Suspended solid (SS) Laboratory Dry at 103-105 oC
12. Orthophosphate Laboratory Ascorbic acid method.

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 73 2013
IV RESULTS
This research were study of water quality in the
Amphawa canal from 8 sample sites are summarized in
tableIII. Most of the water quality meets criteria 3, but there
are some parameters that exceed Water Quality Standard,
such as BOD, ammonia nitrogen (NH3).
BOD from market activities of the Amphawa floating
market exceeds all standards set at 2.0 milligrams per liter.
Surface water quality standards is at 3 and in the event of
the Amphawa floating market is higher than the BOD of the
market all day event. In the event market has been roaming
the ship's mass, which increases oxygen in the water,
microorganisms use organic matter in life, the BOD
reduction due to oxygen from the propeller of the boat. As a
result, the dissolved oxygen (DO), it has resulted in a higher
quantity of suspended solids in water increases with
Fat, oil and grease occur in greater amounts with market
activity is greater than that of the market due to activities
such as washing dishes in the cooking water and oil stains
from the boat's travel. The results showed that the amount of
phosphorous that occurred with the Amphawa floating
market is greater than the day of no markrt activity. This is
due to the avtivity (such as washing clothes and bedding) by
operator and residents in the Amphawa canal. Waste water
from household came from cooking, laundry, washing and
sowing [6]
When comparing the water quality to the activities of the
market value, the values of fat oil and grease (FOG),
suspended solids increased with business activities
The DO and the temperature were greater with the
activities of the Amphawa Floating market. It can be
concluded that the activity of the market has affected the
water quality parameters.
The other parameters such as ammonia. nitrate and
nitrite. All had high values on market day.
This study found that the activity of the Amphawa
Foating Market hass increseing a positive effect on water
quality by to increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO) into the
water from run of the boat, resulting in lower BOD. As for
the other
The other parameters such as temperature, pH,
conductivity, salinity, turbidity and phosphorus. To date,
there is no activity and no difference of statistical
significance level 0.05.
The results showed that market activity did not cause
impacts to water quality degradation.
The statistical analysis (Independent sample t-test)
showed that water quality and dissolved oxygen, pH,
Suspended solids, turbidity, salinity, phosphorus,
temperature did not differ significantly from the activity of
the market at the level of confidence of 95 percent

TABLE III.
MEASUREMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN THIS STUDY
Activity day. Non activity day. Standard [3]
parameter unit
range mean range mean
1. pH - 6.5 – 7.8 7.3 7.5 – 7.9 7.5 -
2. turbidity NTU 30 - 199 79 33 - 167 85 -
3.sanility ppt 0-2 0.12 0-2 0.3 -
4. conductivity (ȝs/cm) 267 - 1123 468 227 - 1740 609 -
5. temperature °C 28 - 33 30.6 27 - 33 30 -
6. DO mg/l 3 – 6.77 4.33 1.4 – 7.23 3.96 > 4.0
7. BOD mg/l 0.4 – 8.5 2.5 0.9 – 8.5 4.5 < 2.0
8. nitrate-N mg/l 0 – 0.013 0.002 0 – 0.17 0.008 < 5.0
9. Ammonia – N mg/l 0.37 – 2.24 1.06 0.42 – 1.86 1.13 < 0.5
10. FOG mg/l 0.5 – 130 17.9 1 - 50 15.6 -
11. Orthophosphate mg/l 0 - 10 4.03 0 - 16.2 6.06 -
12. Suspended solide mg/l 6 - 262 69 2 - 230 59.0 -

REFERENCE
[1] Peerapun,W.(2012). Participatory Planning in Urban
Concervation and Regeneration : A case Study of Amphawa
Community. Procedia-Social and Behaviral Science 36
(2012).p. 243-252
[2] The Fresh water Department (2010). Quality of the
Automatic Water Quality Monitoring Station. Retrieved on
September 28, 2010. From
http://www.iwis.pcd.go.th/IWIS/index.php. Pollution
Control Department of Natural Resources and Environment.
[3] Pollution Control Department (2010). Surface water
Standard. Retrieved on September 28, 2010. From
http://www.iwis.pcd.go.th. Pollution Control Department of
Natural Resources and Environment.
[4] Peerapun, W. and Silapacharanan,S.(2011). Conservation
and regeneration of Amphawa Community, Samut
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[5] Clescerl, L. S., Greenberg, A.E. & Eaton, A.D. (1998).
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[6] Jeamponk.P.(2013). The Household Behavior on Solid
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2013

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