SUBMISSION OF PROJECT PROTOCOL

FOR THE FULLFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF

DEGREE

TITLE OF PROJECT : FORMULATION OF ASPIRIN TABLET

USE IN BLOOD CLOTTING DISEASE

SUBMITTED BY : RESHAM KHAN

(B-PHARM 7TH SEMESTER)
ACADEMIC GUIDE : MISS. PALLAVI
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (SCHOOL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
DIRECTOR : DR. SUBHRANSHU PANDA
(SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES)
CONTENT:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
3. JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
5.CONCLUSION FROM LITERATURE
REVIEW
6.RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
7.RESEARCH QUESTION
8.AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE
RESEARCH
9.METHODOLOGY
10.DATA COLLECTION METHOD
11.EXPECTED OUTCOMES
12.REFERENCES
13.APPENDICES

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 1 INTRODUCTION

A sp irin, also known as acety lsa licylic ac id, is a w idely

used medicat ion w ith a history dating back to a ncient
t imes.
Sy nthes ized f rom w illow bar k comp ounds, it
ga ined prominenc e for its analges ic (pa in-reliev ing),
ant i-inflammatory,a nd a ntipyret ic
(fever-reducing) properties. Aspirin's mechani sm
of action involves inhibiting the production of

prostaglandins, wh ich play a role in pain a nd inflammat ion.

A dditiona lly,its ant iplatelet eff ect makes it valua ble in
ca rdiovasc ular car e. Despite its ubiquity, it's essent ial to
use asp irin respons ibly, cons ulting healthcar e
profess ionals for a ppropr iate gu idance due to
potent; ffects a nd interactions.

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 2.PROBLEM STATEMENT
The prob lem statement f or asp irin
Cou ld v a ry depending on the c ontext.
Here a rea few poss ible prob lem
statements related to as pirin:
1.Efficacy and Safety in Cardiovascular
Disease Prevention : Investigating the
effectivenesss a nd potential s ide eff ects of asp irin as
an a ntiplatelet a gent in prev ent ing car diov ascular
events.

2.Optimizing Dosage for Pain

Management: A ddr ess ingthe c hallenge of
determining the opt imal dos e a ge of a sp ir in f or
eff ect ive pain relief while minimizing of adverse
reactions.
3.long term use and gastrointestinal effects.
Examining the impact of prolonged aspirin use on
the gastrointestinal tract and developing strategies
to mitigate potential gastrointestinal complications.

4. Aspirin resistance in cardiovascular

patients: Exploring the phenomenon of aspirin

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resistance in certain individuals and identifying
factors contributing to reduced responsiveness to its
antiplatelet effects.

5. Patient adherence and education:

investigating the factors influencing patient
adherence to aspirin therapy and developing
educational interventions to enhance and
compliance.

3. justification of study Aspirin:

The justification for studying Aspirin lies in its

multifaceted pharmacological properties and well-
established clinical benefits. Aspirin or
acetylsalicylic acid, has been extensively
researched and proven effective as:

1. Antiplatelet Agent: Aspirin inhibits platelet

aggregation, reducing the risk blood clot formulation
and playing a crucial role in preventing
cardiovascular events.

2. Analgesic and anti-inflammotory: Aspirin`s ability

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to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation makes it
a widely use –counter medication conditions.
3. Cancer prevention: Emerging evidence suggests
a potential role in reducing the risk of certain
cancers, particulary colorectal cancer.

4. Neuroprotective effects: Studies inducate aspirin

may have neuroprotective properties, potentially
reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

5. Cost- effectiveness: Aspirin is relatively

inexpensive and widely available, making it an
accessible treatment option for a diverse
population.
Understanding and optimizing aspirin`s use can
have significant implications for public health.

4. LITERATURE REVIEW

As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, I

can provide a general overview of aspirin based on
existing literature up to that point.

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Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid, is a widely studied
medication with various applications. Its primary use
is as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Here`s a
brief literature review highiliglting key aspects:

1.Antiplatelet effects: One of the most well-

know uses of aspirin is its antiplatelet activity.
It inhibits the action of cycloxgenase(COX)
enzymes, the production inhibiting platelet
aggregation. This property makes aspirin a
cornerstone in prevening cardiovascular
events in individuals at risk.

2. Cardiovascular health: Numerous studies

have explored the role of aspirin in preventing
cardiovoascular diseases, especially in
individuals with a history of heart attacks or
strokes. However, recent research has
indicated on individual health factors, and the
decision o use aspirin for cardiovascular
protection should be personalized.

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 3.cancer prevention: Some studies have
suggested a potential link between regular
aspirin use and a reduced risk cancer.

5. CONCLUSION FROM LITERATURE

REVIEW

The literature review on aspirin suggest that it

is commonly used for its anti platelet effects,
which may help in preventing blood clot
formation. It is often recommended for certain
cardiovascular conditions. However ,
individual responses can vary, and potential
side effects should be considered . its crucial
to consult with a healthcare professional for
personalized advice based on your health
status.

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 6.RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

A research hypothesis regarding aspirin might be .

Administration of aspirin will result in reducation of platelet
agregation potentially reducing the risk of thrombotic events
in individuals at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Remember,
designing and conducting research studies should involve
collaboration with experts in the filed to ensure scientific
validity and ethical considerations.

7.RESEARCH QUESTION

A research question related to aspirin could be : ‘’what is the

impact of aspirin on platelet aggregation and it s potential role
in preventing cardiovascular events in individuals with specific
risk factors? This question can serve as a strating point for
designing a research study to investigate the effects of aspirin
on blood clotting and cardiovascular health.

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 8. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THERESEARCH

Aim aspirin, the primary aim of aspirin is to inhibit the activity of an enzyme
called cyclooxgenase(COX). This enzyme plays a crucial role in the synthesis
of prostaglandins, which are involved in various physiological processes,
including inflammation and blood clotting. By inhibiting COX, aspirin
reduces the production of prostaglandins , leading to anti-inflmmatory,
analgesic (pain – relieving), and anti platelet (blood-thinning) effects.
Aspirin is commonly used for:
1. Pain relief: it alleviates mild to moderate pain and reduces
inflammation.
2. Fever reducation: Aspirin helps lower elevated body temperature.

9.METHODOLOGY

The methodology for researching aspirin could involve a randomized

controlled trial (RCT) with partaicipants at risk of cardiovascular events. The
study could include.

1. Participant selection: identify individuals with specific cardiovascular

risk factors.

2.Randomization: randomly assign participants to groups receiving aspirin

or a placebo.

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10.DATA COLLECTION METHOD

For collecting data on aspirin , consider the following methods:

1. Platelet aggregation tests: Measure platelet function to assess the

antiplatelet effects of aspirin
2. Biomaker analysis: monitor relevant biomarkers associated with
cardiovascular health , such as blood clotting factors.
3. Patient surveysl; gather subjective feedback on side effects, adherence,
and overall well- being.
4. Medical records: review participants medical histories to track
cardiovascular events.

11.EXPECTED OUTCOMES

The expected out comes of using aspirin in blood clotting diseases typically
include a reducation in blood clot formation, helping to prevent conditions
such as heart attacks and strockes. However, individual responses may vary,
and potential side effects or interactions should be considered under
medical supervision.

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12.REFERENCES :

1. ASCEND TRIAL(2018):’’Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons

with diabetes mellitus’’- published in the new England journal of
medicine.

2.ASPREE TRIAL (2018): Effect of aspirin on disability –free survival in the

healthy elderly ‘’- published in the new England journal of medicine.

3.ARRIVE-2 TRIAL(2021):’’Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular

events in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis –published in
the British journal of jeneral practice.

13.APPENDICES

If you are creating an appendix related to aspirin , consider including

relevant information such as.
1. Clinical studies: summarize key findings from clinical trials evaluating
asprin`s effectiveness in preventing blood clotting or managing related
conditions.
2.Dosage guidelines; provide recommended dosages for specific conditions
as outlined by medical authorites or healthcare professionals.

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