oer (eae 2 Writing For questions 1-8, read the toxt below and docide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Ps Es PAPER § Ustening ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Pat? | 9 Aa situation B business © function D- case PAPER a speaking | pares | Example: 0 Essential tips oo Beas te cede Wo Satellite archaeology | test qucly for goneral renee Archaeology is @ messy (0)... . There's no getting away trom it; digging holes Sector te wivelune in the ground is an (1) part of archaeological work. But there is a new way to : t Hay be part of an idiom, search without a shovel. Satellite images are now used to (2) ....... burlad objects “expiassion oF plvesal verb. may collocate with another ‘word, oF Be part of fixed in landscapes with astonishing (8) ..... In the same way that medical (4) let doctors examine parts of the body thay couldn't otherwise see, satellite images Sak ania help scientists find and map long-lost rivers, roads and cities, and make (5) ‘pion te choose, eead out c archaeological features in places which are very difficult to survey from the ground. the sentence with earh of the “There's much we miss on the ground,’ emphasises archaeologist Sarah Parcak, a (6)... in using satollite imagory. Check the clauses ancl phrases on each side of ‘the gap to see whether he presence of a word her Gictates the choice of ¢ nor forthe ose Through ‘thousands of hours’ of trial and (7) Parcak has developed techniques using satelite imagery which allow her to detect (8}....... changes in the surface of the and caused by objects like bricks buried underground. In 2011, her team discovered evidence of hundreds of dwellings at the 3,000-year-old city of Tanis near the River “Question * The wards ashe Nile delta in Egypt. This might have taken a century using traditional methods. sestehee (Toe’sno _ otting auay fom Incest the ‘ening of the word needed fer Wea Question 3: Look at the whole _-Sonteree Intteicreseareh, iets yon satel teenage | ta bene clear apd acearete 05 ‘possi, Which word expresses ahs ie? leston 5: Th options tall you hat hiss 9 phrase vere wi rat ie ere nes 8 Ae : Question 7: This s 9 _ pvase edt doseribo 2 way _ bi laming sornehing: ou ty “Romina new aly lean inflexible inevitable inclusive infallible disclose conceive define identity attention measurement precision adjustment looks regards c ce c c sights out © for up. c c c pioneer through creator principal chief failure mistake error fault A A A A scans A A A a soft B B 8 8 B B B B sooc00c0 subtle thin mild 32 Aclvanced Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of Englisn’>» Part +| | | f | | | ea ens writing ustening ‘Speaking Remeber: the gapped words ee items like artiles, pronaut F prepositions. & few muy, ‘orm a par of common of aven bigger sections of the text 16 see the word you nocd is part ofa longor il es right naed the pression ‘nthe other hand, wich will Da clea if you find 0 ‘s/s offen used with adjectives to compare two things that are, tha ore abateect monning of te teodentthety Question 4 Tir cer flaws. thovword sigh which vars “Undweetanchng The preposition afeavaly ols undorstandi but isghctakos a iferent srooaston : Question 16: Read the whole. sertoree Th fst part of the ferconce mist ream soma ie Reams tate Paha dusston 2. The Ae | For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0), ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer shest. ACO exemple: (0 JO[R]D Finding the right word Do people need words in (0) ....n. to think? A study of a tribe living in the Amazon basin could provide the answer to this age-old question, The Piraha tribe (9) bbe small there are only about 200 members all told ~ (10) ...... they exhibit a fascinating cultural peculiarity. These peoplo have no words for numbers, (11) «from one, two and many. What is more, their words for one and two ere very similar. As (12)... a8 anyone can toll, this tribe has never had (13) ....... sort of vocabulary for numbers, but they appear {0 survive quite well without it Could these people porhaps supply an insight (14) ..... the way our minds work? When asked to count some objects, they could not get beyond two or three before starting to make mistakes. This applies oven to adults who appear intolligont in (15) sn other way. So it looks (16) they lack @ vocabulary for numbers. This would suggest that human beings cannot though the Pirah are not very good at counting simply because think if they have no words to do so. Cambridge English: Advanced Test 2? PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >) Part2 33.PAPER 2 Whiting PAPER 8. Ustening PAPER 4 Speaking “auoston 18; What pert of spon “da yousaend? Avorn, noun, oF | a lective 1 aaverb? You neon. “Te teau te note patagraph In | oidorto'ba sure ofthe meaning _bfthie sontonce, Doos tho Irissing word have a postive or wegative meaning? Sometimes fe nososeniy 10 make wo _Ghanies fo 4 ord prefix ond casi, ‘ _‘ehiangeable’, However, the word | You teed here meen ‘always’. | What pan of soeect Uo you need, ‘whet changes do you reed ak to variable jn order to . lesieg mors? ‘Question 22: The aijctive new. “inlicaes 2 noun & needed for the gap, Should & be singular or 28: Whal word could jean “add new For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. Thoro is an example at the beginning (0) Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Exemple:[ 0 JLINITIRE TGWUL Nis} FLT TTT) The jigsaw history puzzle Of all the games in the world, the jigsaw puzzle must be among the most widely known. Yet its early puzzle of its own. INTRIGUE history presents an (0) Officially, the jigsaw puzzle (17) in England, and ORIGIN, its (18) ..... was John Spilsbury, 9 London engraver and INVENT ‘map maker, its also an apparently (19) ...... fact that in DISPUTE 1767 Spilsbury created @ puzzle, (20) ...... known as a INTIAL ‘dissected map’, by mounting one of his maps on a piece of hardwood and cutting around the borders of the countries, His puzzles came to be used in schools to help children lean geography. However, as is almost (21) ....... the case with inventions, VARIABLE ‘some doubts have been raised about whether Spilsbury’s puzzle was the first. This was an age of exploration, and. ew (22) .....». demanded that maps be constantly DISCOVER (23) ‘There Is some avidence that two Dutch map DATE makers have produced map puzzles ten years before Spilsbury. The evidence is (24) ......., however, and CONCLUDE advertising for their dissected maps only appears in 1779. 34 cambridge Enclish: Advanced Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of Enalish >» Part 3PAPER (, Reading and gs f ' Resales For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning | passed Wath to the first sentence, using the word given. De net change the word given. You must i a . use between three and six words, including the word given. Hera is an example (0). [PAPER a. Listening f cle Example: , PER 4 SpE es RA Sees 0 Jane regretted speaking so rudely to the old lady, | MORE Jane .- politely to the old lady. Essential tips, [1 |WiSHES SHE HAD SPOKEN MORE amie os ie cena | ebhuow mens"gmiet | White anly the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the sepa something’, Be careful: Do you: eee need 3 two-part ar theee-nart Dhiasatvere answer sheet, 25 Do your homework first, and then you can go to the cinema,’ saict Jamie's Ouestion27: You nop to make mother. wo changes to the secand sentence. Fist you seed 2 LONG causative st uetiro bea omsano lvoe ocorting 9 ‘com, not us: Second nk aout he word you have bean Given, sper ot ah exviesson that eas orate Jamie's mother agreed to let him go to the cinema hhis homework first 26 Harry thought of throwing a surprise party for Katie's birthday. uestion 20: Think shout. CAME the word order here. Certain negative structures atthe stort Harry . of throwing a surprise party for ofa sentence ae followed by inversio Katie's birthdey. 27 They are decorating our living room, so the house is a moss. DONE We are ... so the house is a messt 28 really hate it when people speak to me like that! i BEING I really object. fike that! 29 was just about to call him when he rang me instead, PoInT when he rang me instead. 30 The manager gave her secretary strict instructions that no one should be: allowed to disturt her CIRCUMSTANCES: "Und innntnsnnninmnanininnsninn 10 D8 disturbed!” the manager told her secretary. cambrlage English: Aovanced Test 2 >» PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English b> parta 35See Cetscon You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 31-26, choose the answer (A,B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text. BAR Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, tering PAPER 4. speaking The Cinderella story The basic story is very old indeed and familiar to most of us. The heroine, Cinderella, is treated cruelly by her stepmother and mocked by her two ugly stepsisters. Even though her father loves her, she can't tell him how unhappy she is because her stepmother has bewitched him. One day, Cinderella's stepmother and stepsisters are invited to a ball at the royal palace. Cinderella is told she cannot go and is understandably very unhappy. However, her fairy godmother comes to the rescue and, waving her magic wand, produces some beautiful clothes for Cinderella, as well as a carriage to convey her to the ball. There, she dances with the handsome prince, who falls in fove with her, not only because she is beautiful but also because she is good and gracious. Cinderella has been warned that the magic will wear off at midnight, so when the clock strikes 12, she hurries away, leaving behind a glass slipper. Next day, the prince, smitten by her charms, comes looking for the girl whose foot fits the glass slipper. He finds Cinderella and they marry amid general rejoicing. Just a sweet, pretty tale? Not in the view of Ellen Macintosh, who has written extensively about fairy tales. “This story features the stock, two-dimensional characters of most fairy tales, and_little character development is attempted,’ she says. Indeed, although her comment does make one wonder why simplicity of this sort should be out of place in a story for children. Be that as it may, Ellen’s main problem is with what the story implies. ‘Instead of standing up to her cruel stepmother and absurd stepsisters, Cinderella just waits for a fairy godmother to appear and solve her problems. But wouldn't you want a daughter of yours to show more spirit?” The story is enduring, whatever its shortcomings, and it doesn’t take much in the way of analytical skills to see its influence on a number of recent Hollywood productions, all aimed at girls aged five to 15. In these versions for the silver screen, the Cinderella character no longer has to clean the house and has no siblings to make hor life a misery, though she persists in not showing much backbone. The character of the rich and handsome stranger, however, is retained, and in some cases really is a prince. The role of the fairy godmother is often played by coincidence or sheer luck, We live in an enlightened age when even very young children might reject the notion of fairies. The wicked stepmother may be transformed into a villain of some sort. In the majority of film versions, the heroine has a profession and is even permitted to continue working after marrying her prince ~ this is the 21st century, after all Doesn't the success of those films indicate that the story has relevance to children even today? "Yes,’ admits Ellen, who sees its message as being rooted in a fundamental childhood desire for love and attention. ‘Most children experience a sense of inner loneliness as they are growing up and empathise with the protagonist who faces some sort of test or challenge. This can be seen in the original story of Cinderella, where the fairy ‘godmother tells the heroine that she must learn to be gracious and confident if she is to go to the ball. She has to grow spiritually, and by maturing, she becomes attractive to the prince, thus ensuring that the ending of the story will be happy. ‘In the later versions, this element is missing,’ says Ellen, ‘and the theme of the story is simply that a girl's role in life is to be more beautiful than other litle girls so that she can carry off the prize: the handsome prince. Is this really what we want girls to grow up believing?” coo Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >>. Part 531 What does the writer imply sbout fairy tales in the second paragraph? Fully developed characters would improve them, The stories lines are very straightforward. {is unrealistic to expect character development. Its a mistake to consider therm sweet and pretty. Aamember—in this pat oftheexim, you need io understand the details of = text. a8 woll as tho writer's pinion, atitude and purpose, com> nat Is Ellen’s primary objection to the Cindarella story? ‘The heroine is treated cruelly. The heroine is not assertive enough. ‘The ugly stepsisters are figures of ridicule. The stepmother is not @ convincing character. : wi ‘You ean approach this part in A two eighty difforont ways, | 7 Howsver, you should bon | ff c D HOTOTCERHITE AEG | 5 Modern fm adaptations of the story tnd to presenta Cndaroia ‘questions first t bofore you fi A whose character remains besically unchanged. cee a B who i luckier than she isin tho orginal story. ee © whose circumstances are unusual > Thorn willne 99, question are a ae D_ that many children might find unconvincing. or question stems. Road fully ‘and, without looking et 34 Modern variants on the story generally SHC SE Tee A. portray Cinderella as a successful professional. Searle way tocar the B imply that Cinderella will become a real princess, question stg, © reflect children’s beliets. D__ make concessions to modern women's lives. ‘Think about the pleating ‘ofwhat you read, and only ‘then see you ean inatele he Felevant section ofthe text ‘with one of tha options: 35 In Ellen's view, what makes the Cindorolla story so appealing? Children can identify with the heroine. Little girls enjoy being challenged. Wthas an element of magic. > The corract option is antitely, Cinderella is more beautiful than other girls. {0 bathe sae wos a6 he, com> 36 Uniike the original tale, modern versions of the Cinderella story suggest that girls do not need strength of character. {do not require the heroine tv Uevelow, underestimate the power of love, are aimed solely at young children. ueston 21 You re bing sted about the winters view fot ll Macleloeh's Look for ‘eecion of hatext wore the vertor describes E's dens tnt gionteropnionot | these eas : ‘Question 38: This question is about hime Based on te inet stoo, Look me ox com> word whieh means the same. thing, for example, owe: When ‘outa the relevant seion of heen rend i corel, Then seo which aption eoresponds ovecaly fo wat te text sav Question 36: Eve thoi vo imay be nervous aed in a Wy You must tik earful about the meating af he qiestons. ‘asich wor In te aiestion sem Shows you ar Heng asked 9° find eters ener tom original sony and he modern version? Camorioge Engtsh: asvances Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of Englisn b> Parts 37]eee ‘Use of Enalisty You are going to read four reviews of a book about the connection between music ‘and the brain, For questions 37-40, choose from the reviews A-D. The reviews may be chosen more than once. PAPER 2 Wh ing PABER S Ustening Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 4 This is your brain on music: the science of a human obsession by Daniel Levitin Four reviewers comment on Daniel Levitin’s book about the neuroscience of music. A Scientific analysis of difficult concepts regarding how music works and the psychological processes involved in ‘our interactions with it is something few of us are comfortable with, but in trying to keep things simple for a non specialist audionce, as far as technical terms are concerned, Levitin too often ends up dumbing down. A number of small errors obvious to a knowledgeable musician - like the tonic pitch of a scale being referred to as the root, when only chords have roots ~ fuel this sense of irritation. It’s a fascinating subject, however, made more so by Levitin’s decision to explain it against the background of his own intriguing narrative. A successful rock musician for many years, he switched careers and became a professor of psychology and music. This background shows in his sensitive choice of familiar tunes and songs that he uses to illustrate concepts and theories. B ‘We can all enjoy music, yet the theory of it can seem excessively complex, and you'd think the study of its effect on the brain even more so. The success of this book, by a musician and record producer turned neuroscientist is both that it goes out of its way to make the general reader feel at ease, and that it celebrates our extraordinary capacity for analysing and understanding music. Consider the job the brain has to do in separating and processing even, say, the sound of a cat's purr over a refrigerator's hum, merely by analysing the way that various air molecules cause the eardrum to vibrate. Then go and listen 10 your favourite piece of orchestral music or even pop music. Levitin’s anecdotes about famous musicians he has met end played with are worth passing over, but the rest of this excellent introduction will leave your brain buzzing. c Setting jargon aside in favour of everyday terminology, Levitin gives readers enough background to understand what to listen for in music and to connect what they hear to his science. Having been a musician and producer in the music industry before turning to science, Levitin knows about communication, and wisely weaves in stories about music making and working with musicians to make the science easier to relate to. The bulk of the musie Levitin talks about, however, is pop. Classical music, or modern music in that tradition, is sometimes referred 10 in patronising terms, but for the researcher interested in the achievements of the brain, one might think that classical music's larger structures and more complex achievements would provoke greater interest. It is also disappointing to come across flawed accounts of certain aspects of musical acoustics and music theory. But overall, this book is an admirablo contribution to popular sciance. D Itis to Levitin’s credit that this book contains clear, well-informed explanations of a range of musical phenomena and their underlying psychological processes. It should be stimulating and accessible to the non-specialist. His attempt to make the science easier to grasp by regular reference to his own career in music ~ as a musician, producer and neuroscientist ~ is well intentioned, but there are times when we could do with fewer funny stories and more attention to detail. This is more than just a stylistic point. There are misleading descriptions of significant research work, for example. The choice of music to illustrate his arguments is refreshingly free of high-art bias but it draws so strongly on Levitin’s own musical preferences that some readers who do not share his musical tastes may feel lost. Despite my misgivings, however, Levitin’s efforts to show a lay audience how ‘music is at the centre of human experience and evolution are to be applauded. 38 Combridge English: Advances Test 2 +> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > Part 6Which reviewer has a similar view to reviewer C regarding Levitin’s ‘soloction of musical examples? takes a different view to the others about the accuracy of the book's content? shares reviower D’s opinion about the extent to which Levitin includes information about himself? thas a difforent opinion from the others regarding the suitability of the writing style for the target readers? AF “cambsreige Enoitsh: Revanced Test 2 > PAPER 4 Reading and Use of English »> Parts 39)ca Reading and > Use of Enalish Part? Pore 2 Pare PAPER 2. Writing PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking ‘Mark your answers on the separ You aro going to read a magazine article, Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (41-46). ‘There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. answer sheet, Mind your languages Thousands of the world's languages are dying, taking to the grave not just words but records of civilisations and, cultures that we may never fully know or understand. Linguists have calculated that of the 6,000 languages currently spoken worldwide most will disappear over the next 100 years. As many as 1,000 languages have died in the past 400 years. Conversely, the handful of major international languages are forging ahead. But the vast majority of the world never had need of phrases in Heiltsuk, a Native Indian language from British Columbia in Canada, which is now dead. Nor will most people be interested in learning any of the 800 languages spoken on the island of Papua New Guinea, many of which are threatened, Frederik Kertlandt, from Leiden University in Holland, is one of several linguists around the world who are determined to document as many of the world’s remaining endangered languages as possible. Periodically, linguists and other interested parties meet to discuss their work. One such conference held in Nepal focused on the issue of how to save some Himalayan languages spoken by just a handful of people. A great numbor of languages in the greater Himalayan region are endangered or have already reached the point of no return. x] The trouble is, such materials often do not exist. Kortlandt knows a language is disappearing when the younger generation does not use it any more. When a language is spoken by fewer than 40 people, he calculates that it will die out. Occasionally, however, 40, researchers get lucky. Kamassian, a language from the Upper Yenisey region of Russia, was supposed to have died out, until two old women who still spoke it turned up at a conference in Tallinn, Estonia in the early 1970s. PR eer eee] ‘Would you ask this to a biologist looking for disappearing species?” Kortlandt asks. ‘Why should languages, the mouthpiece of threatened cultures, be less interesting than unknown species? Language is the defining characteristic of the human species. These people say things to each other which are very differant from the things we say, and think very different thoughts, which are often incomprehensible tous” Take, for example, the vast potential for moder =| medicine that lies within tropical rainforests. For centuries, forest tribes have known about the healing properties of certain plants, but it is only recently that the outside world has discovered that the rainforests hold potential cures for some of the world’s majo diseases. All this knowledge could be lost if the tribes and their languages die out without being | documented. We will only be able to find them and benefit from th properties through one or more of the 300 languages and dialects spoken on the islands. If the languages 1, die, so too will the medicinal knowledge of naturally occurring tonics, rubs and potions. Science could be left wondering what we might have found. Combricige Engiish: Advanced Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English +> Part 7A This is one of the things worrying linguists working in Fiji in the South Pacific. There are hundreds of known remedies in Fiji's forests. The guava leaf relieves diarrhoea, the udi tree eases sore throats, and hibiscus leaf tea is used by expectant mothers. There are possibly several more yet to be discovered. B “laccept this,’ says Kortlandt, ‘but at the very least, we can record as much as we can of these endangered languages before they die out altogether. Such an undertaking natutally requires support from international organisations’ But what progress is being in this respect? © Kortlandt elaborates further: ‘if you want to understand the human species, you have to take the full range of human thought into consideration. The disappearance of a language means the disappearance of a culture, It is not nly words that disappear, but also knowledge about many things.” D To non-linguists while particular stories like this can be fascinating, it must seem odd to get worked up about the broader issue. Why waste so much time saving languages spoken by so few? Why look back instead of forward? Essential tips Remombor -in this part of the exem you need to understand the structure and organisation of @ text how is patagraphs work together). First look atte instuctons and Wie tile of the sext. Then skis the sapped fox for tha general meaning and netics oer it develops ideas, opinions or avents, > You may need to consiter more than one aap af atime inorder to mork aut which paragraph gows where, Do not ely simply on recounisig repeated names, cares, "Aigo, the paragraph after the gap bagine with a reference ~ Question 44; The paragraph after the uap begins with E For example, Chinese is now spoken by 1,000 million people and English by 350 million. Spanish is spoken by 250 million people and growing fast. F ‘There are about 200 languages spoken in this area, but only a few have been properly described,’ says Kortlandt. The problem is it can take years to document a language. ‘We are generally happy when we have a group of texts we can read and understand with the help of a reliable grammar and dictionary.” G This often means trekking to some of the most, inaccessible parts of the Earth and can require consummate diplomacy in dealing with remote tribes, some of which may be meeting outsiders for the first time and may be wary of strangers asking for so much information about their language, ‘Question 41: In tho paragraph after tha gap, the word ur shows that a contrast is being doseribod: Its likely ‘hat he contrast ie betwoen the extinct or threatened languages referred to and the major international languages rentioned in the paragraph: before the gop. Question 43: Tho paragraph helera the gap rolers to she ‘greater Himalayan region, ls there a gepped paragraph “which, using aifferont words, rfers tea region? bark to ‘such matenale’ Can yau find anything about “malerals' in any of the gapped paregranhe? brian roforting to something that has bee asked. Can ‘yo find 2 gapped paragraph with a question in i? Check carefully that @ ts the gap. “opener ceptor cating earn nanan enema Ccambricize Enatish: Advanced Test 2 > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >} Part? 41PA Pal PAI Pa > Genie PER 2 Wanting PERS Ustening PER A Speaking ‘You should beain by reading “the Instructions and tie ~ alle ofthe text. The you ‘can either skin the text first hefote you read the fqusetions, or road the ‘questions fist bofore you skim the text. Exporimiant and fee whlch way works better toryou : Don't waste time reading the ‘ext in detail. You only need Yo match specific anformation. _ inthe tee with the questions. © Question 49: Some questions “Gse language whieh you wil “ed (otk about carotlly Here, for example, the auestion | aboutihe nood ie do omer Jobs to make money, but {ig Simple tea is expressed “formally. The reverse may aso seeurs tho quostion may expres in simple language but "the test wil uso more formal onatede ‘Question 84: An impulsive _-devision is one taken suddenly vnitheut any planning, Which 8 -dloos this fit best? ‘Question 85: Approhension mere feling apxious or vous, The person who ‘oxperionoed th feeling is likely to have used oxactly ‘these words, but, using oiier words, they will have describe thelr nervousness buture a bhangs 42 You are going to read an article in which four people talk about careers involving foreign languages. For questions 47-56, choose from the people (A-D). Mark your answers on the separate answer shoot. In which section of the article are the following mentioned? an enhanced appreciation of other people's work thoughts about the future the financial necessity for angaging In other ventures as wall encouragement from a family member advice from a specialist the value of assessing one’s abilities objectively identifying potential customers an impulsive decision 2 feeling of apprehension about making @ major change acadlomic qualifications which were never used Cambriige English: Advanced Test 2># PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English +> Part 8Turning a hobby into a career It may seem idealistic or risky to exchange one’s regular job for the uncertainty of earning your living from a hobby ~ but more and more people are attempting to do just that. A | had piano lessons when | was young, and I did have some talent. But it became obvious Vd never be good enough for a career on the stage. In a way, | was lucky. If | hadn't realised that early on, | probably would have carried on dreaming that my big break would come. As it is, became a music teacher instead, and in my free time | started to dabble in the technical side of music production. Then an aunt died, leaving me some cash, and | set up my own recording. studio! Of course, there is a downside to tuning a hobby into a career. | love my job so much that used to work seven days a week, but after a while, | realised you need to switch off occasionally. My job has definitely added depth to the way Histen to music; now I can really understand why someone's using a certain technique or piece of equipment, B | studied medicine, but when I finished medical school, | had a sort of crisis. | knew | couldn't go. on with it! I'd have been an awful doctor. But | was keen on amateur dramatics and | enjoyed putting on plays at the local youth centre. So I started wondering if | could make a living from. teaching drama. A friend suggested | should offer acting lessons for children. It was-tricky and at first, | couldn't work out how to find people who would pay for their children to attend the kind of courses | wanted to run. Then someone at an organisation called Business Link,. which helps people set up their own businesses, suggested advertising on the internet! | was contacted by @ surprising number of interested people and five years down the line, I'm still doing all right. The classes themselves aren’t terribly lucrative, but | supplement my income by giving talks to amateur dramatics societies and writing articles for magazines. C When | left college, | started working in a bank, but my heart was never really in it. The problem was partly the environment: | don't like working in an office. 'm more of an outdoor person — and 'd always been crazy about surfing. One summer while I was on holiday, | got chatting to the owner of a surf shop. It turned out he wes good friends with a cousin of mine. He said he wanted to sell Up and | jumped at the chance to buy the business from him! Looking back, | can see how lucky | was. Its incredibly difficult to set up a shop like that from scratch. Besides, being an avid surfer myself, | assumed a [ot of other people must share that interest ~ which isn't the case! It took me a while to realise how naive | was. Now that I've learnt the ropes, I'm considering either expanding — more shops, managers and so on — or diversifying, perhaps producing my own surf boards! The second option is more likely because it interests me a lot, D_ | wanted to study graphic design when | left schoo!, but I didn’t have good enough grades. So | got a job in a garage instead and for the next 10 years, | worked as a car mechanic. But while | was working, I did some evening courses in industrial design. | even built a car of my own from spare parts. Then | got the idea of building a bike ~ a fourwhee! delivery bike ~ and the next thing | knew, my wife was urging me to set up my own company! | had to take a very deep breath before | finally took the plunge. I'd done my best to prepare for it, taking a course in Business Management in my spare time, and | knew I'd be working longer hours for less money, at least at first. The big difficulty was the uncertainty of not knowing how much would be coming in each month, And things were pretty tough for the first few years — looking back, | can see that | underestimated the amount of paperwork I'd have to do ~ but I've never regretted it. cod Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >» parts 43case es toms PAPER 2 Writing PAPER % liste ing PAPER 4 speaking Essential tips “Question 3: The ward sighting ‘after the gap refers to someone having seen ane of these insects | For others to know about the “sighting, Itnust heve been writen down, Which word best fits the idea of © being writen "down? ‘Question 7: The word after the ‘gap, up, els you that this is @ ‘phrasal vorb. The idoa here Is | teeting or getting people to holo, ‘Quastion 8: This is an oxample “of eollocation. Which vers is normally used with 9 part to | thoan ‘helped! or ‘participated’? For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D} best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: © A bothered B feared © cared D_ wondered ofa Bo Di Citizen scientists Experts (0) ...... that the ning-spotted ladybug, or ladybird as it is known in some counties, was becoming extinct. Then, in 2011, Peter Priolo, a volunteer ladybug hunter, (1). one sitting on @ sunflower in New York. The ladybug population had once been 80 (2) nn inthe sete of Now York that t was the ‘official state | Insect, But te last (9)... sighting af one ha heen almost 20 years before Priolo was thrilled. So was the Lost Ladybug Project, which studies different specias of North American ladybugs withthe assistance of ordinary people, a (4) known as ‘crowdsourcing’. One reason for the ladybug's (Sl... may be that other Imported insects have (6) ...... its habitat and are eating its food. ‘in future, crowdsourcing may help us stop this happening,’ says the project's director, John Losey from Cornell University. (7) scsoon Up ordinary citizens isn't new to science. Amateur astronomers, weather watchers, and other hobbyists going back to the 1700s havo all (8) .. a part in| the development of science. What's different today is the internet, which has helped recruit hundreds of thousands of volunteers over the past dacads or so. 1 A regarded B glanced © observed D considered 2 A widespread 8 thorough © overall D comprehensive | 3 A accounted —_B recorded © marked D entered f 4 A ritual B habit © manner D practice 5 A recession —_-B drop. © dectine D letdown k 6 A interfered ——B invaded € interrupted involved 7A Signing B Drawing © Bringing D Meeting 8 A put B dono © added D played 52 Casnbricige English: Advanced Test $ >» PAPER 1 Reading and Use of Englisti >> Part + sPAPER 4 ig Pees PAPER 2 writing PAPER 5 Listening PAPER @ Speaking For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Second-hand but better than new Many people (0)... at building their own homes or ranovating existing buildings these days prefer to buy certain things ike doors end fireplaces second-hand. A Jot of businassos will supply second-hand materials, (9)... only to professional martes al ie bible HH | builders, but sao to ordinary members af he publ. People wishing to indulge OO tB Wwe | (10) sacs a spot of DIY wil be able to find reclamation material, (11)... se¢ond- E hand building supplies are known, if they are prepared to look for it, in most parts of the country. Question th: This is axed ee Searching for second-hand goods can be time-consuming, of course, so (12) bother? Well, on the (13)... it makes good financial sense. A second-hand oak 400° in good condition will be considerably cheaper than a new ono, even (18). itis only @ few yoors old. Many people, however, are on (18)... lookout for vory old toms, ones which ean be hundreds of years old. (16)... articles as these wil be expensive, of course, but many are ready to pay high prices for genuine antiquos. imbridge English: Acvancea Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >» Pat? 53:ae ene (euclan PAPER 2 writing: Q Part a PAPER ustening | 5, PAPER 4 Sneaking | pares Por? Part 8 jstion 18: The gapped word sn adiéctve Hoes it have a _ sosiivs or negative mivaning? juostan 2% The gapped word follows an article, £0 ft must bo & “pain: How do you mage a noun | from grow? a “nemesis 5d Camoridge English: Ravanced Test $ >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > Part 3 For questions 17-24, road the toxt below. Use the word givan in capitals at the end of Some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an ‘example at tho boginning (0). ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. example: |[PJO[PLULIATRL THY [ ] Product placement The rise in the (0) ..... of product placement has been POPULAR one of the most interesting trends in advortising in the last couple of decades. Branded products are promoted indirectly by using them in films, and the succass of this is making it (17) ....... desirable, Demand for praduct INCREASE placement stemmed, at least (18) ....., from regulations ORIGIN banning the advertising of certain products deomed (19)... for TV commercials. Films are not subject to sur the same sort of (20) ...... as television. ‘CENSOR Other factors have contributed to the (21) ...... of product GROW placement, One is these is the (22)... of consumers, exposed TEND to an advertisement over a period of time, to become more (23) ...... in their response to it. They become tired of ‘the crime ‘same old thing’ and advertisers are being forced to recognise 2 (24) «nu in their customers which did not exist in the past. ‘SOPHISTICATED, People these days are more likely to be influenced by watching film star role models using a product. This is true of consumers in gonoral, but itis particularly applicable to younger people.es eis P= Cea PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking Gan Two srucal shshides are needed here: Fist, The wishes of the residents ts sublet of the sentedce ctu You nese 2 phrase sh pinot Who wate ean b For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning ‘to the first sentence, using the word given. Do net change the word You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 Jane regratted speaking so rudely to the old lady, MORE vene politely to the old lady. Example: 0 |}WISHED SHE HAD SPOKEN MORE) Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 25 Although he studies hard, Christoph never does well in his exams. MATTER, Christoph never does well in his exams, ... he studies 26 The town council rarely seem to consider the wishes of the residents. INTO The wishes of the residents rarely... «by the ‘town council 27 John’s mum said it was his own fault the party was ruined PLACED John's mum . for the party belng ruined, 28 I'm sorry | said that your new hat looked like a lampshade. BACK a seosmnnennennenne BOUL YOUF HOW hat ooking like 8 lampshade. 29. There were a lot of people at the resort, but Mandy still had a great time. Fact Mandy had a great time at the resort. crowded, 30 “You left my MP3 player on the bus, Joo!” shouted Olivier ACCUSED Olivior saan ‘MP3 player on the bus. Cambrlige Enis: Advances Test 3 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > Parca 55}You ate going to read a review of a book. For questions 31-36, choose the answer PAPER 2 wating (A, B, Cor D) which you think fits best according to the text BABE 5 ustenin Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 4 Speci Book review: Jesse Prinz’s Beyond Human Nature Jesse Prinz's book Beyond Human Nature: How Culture and Experience Shape the Human Mind is a valuable exploration of the age-old ‘nature or nuture’ debate ~ whether individual human beings are the product of the genetic features they are born with or of what they experience as they grow up. The book is also firmly part of what we might call the ‘neuro-backlash’. In the last decade or so, a host of accessible books have appeared Which are fun and provocative, and supplied startling messages about psychology and neuroscience thet promised to empower us by decoding the inner workings of human life. But it was really only a matter of time before the re-evaluation of this popular science writing took off. The controversy over the work of the American journalist Jonah Lehrer only accelerated the widespread reaction. The discovery that, in writing his celebrated books and magazine pieces on neuroscience, Lehrer had been 4 bit too careless with his facts, quotes, arguments, and conclusions gave way to cries that the simplification of science, in particular of neuroscience, often by science journalists, was once again to blame. The truth is, though, this trend was due to run out of steam. Even some of the best of these books — and there are certainly many worthwhile ones — have begun to seem formulaic. With any luck, we will now get more books like Jesse Prinz’s. While too many of the popular neuroscience authors write as though they are angling for more high-profile speaking work, Prinz is clearly only interested in trying to leave his mark on the nature-versus-nurture debate. Obviously, as Prinz says, we are shaped by both nature and nurture. But while Steven Pinker’s influential book, The Blank Slate, provides a compelling defence for ‘team nature’, Prinz identifies himself as an unashamed ‘nurturist’, As such, he is committed to demonstrating that our interactions with our environment — our upbringing, early experiences, culture — have a lot more to do with the way we think, learn language, acquire knowledge, and make moral judgments than anything we are born with. This position has real implications for such big issues as the influence of genetics on intelligence and the effect of biology on gender inequality. And while it might not seem an exciting approach in the manner we have come to expect from recent popular cognitive science books, inthe academic world today, itis a minority view—and in terms of certain established theories, very controversial. Take the debate about language. For years, the field of linguistics has been heavily influenced by Noam Chomsky’s notion of a universal grammar. Kids might learn a particular language from experience, Chomsky and his followers say, but they are drawing on a set of pre-programmed grammatical rules that we are all bora with. it's why, even at a very young age, we are able to create an impressive array of unique, grammatically cortect sentences, I's also a prime example of a ‘nature’ rather than ‘nurture’ argument. Pring takes us through the research that has been done, meticulously examining the logic behind the conclusions of Chomsky and his supporters, and suggests a different explanation. He defends a lesser-known theory that ‘children might learn language statistically, by unconsciously remembering the patterns in the sentences they hear and ‘using these to generalise to new cases.’ Instead of going for the hard sell, Prinz admits that all he hopes to do is raise the possibility that this alternative theory might be true. This lends his work an air of maturity This book should be seen as a notable example of science writing done right. Before discussing the role of genes in the manifestation of different traits, for instance, Prinz spends several pages explaining what genes are, how they work, and how we should think about them. We also get a useful walk through intellectual history as he shows how the nature/nurture pendulum has swung back and forth over thousands of years, and how Prinz’s particular approach to these issues descends directly from the 18th-century philosopher David Hume. Although the author seems to want to win the argument, he’s generous when it comes to providing evidence for the opposing side - making sure that readers will finish the book with a more thorough understanding of some major debates in science 56 120 Test 3 >) PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >» Part 5 bridge Enolist: Aavanc31, What doos the ‘neuro-backlash’ in the first paragraph refer to? Essential tips A ahost of accessible books B the inner workings of human life in this part © anew vocabulary of buzz words of he oxain you need to the re-evaluation of this popular science weit ee D_ the re-evaluation of this popular science writing © opinion, tude aa purpose | nates You ako nendto. 32 According to the reviewer, the discovery of problems in Jonah Lehrer's work understand tals of ate ‘A stemnmed from a wider access to information about science. B triggered @ new way of thinking about neuro-science. © confirmed a shift in many people's opinions. D_ led to exaggerated criticism of him, aerial the into feb reaing | 39 Inwhich ofthese phrases from the third paragraph does the writer express ‘questions, oF zead the disapproval? questions frst befero vou A ‘angling for high-profile speaking work’ shim the tent B ‘trying to leave his mark’ » Than tead the questions © ‘pravides a compelling defence! varafully, there should 86. 1D ‘identifies himself as an unashamed ‘nurturist” emothing ip each question fete you tooate which nar, cithelentitisabout For | 34 The reviewer refers to ‘Chomsky‘s notion of a universal grammar’ as an example, Question Gt here example of refers to the fest paragraph A abig issue ‘Question 32 here mentions eo eae ‘ Se eae ee an exciting approsct should bo aasy to find © aminority view Johan Lebo inthe sora Dan established theory paragraph. ] oe at view of Prinz’s work does the reviewer express in the sixth paragraph? ueston 31; Tis avexample 35. What view of Prinz’s work does th ‘ress in the sixth paragraph Ten [A Ho shows appropriat caution in puting forward his own ide. earn be argat alo B Ho sper too much time challonging other peoples work aCe TREC Ye His explanation of difficult concepts is very clear. commas around Peni. con a er D_ Hi analysis goos into too much det at times. thas penne 76 ete ext | eer ta yb 36 What point does the reviewer make i the final paragraph? rhea ete {A The book reveals new information about the Issues it covers you do nt Kio hi : yoo ot Kaa a Certain theories have always gone in and out of fashion ek Oe € The views Prinz puts forward are rather old-fashioned. now neuscone ames D .Sclonce writers should consider ther readers more hot meougRAMe teen Saconly at can thaw bl rant Thi 2 eee ete ie em) acca | nashamed ner opin 0, ou tha omaha ot gear but her isan exclanaton of sive bac ahs sora of back fogtented many ofthe onions? | “he og the frst porsraphy cae aly ane abet how | include'vorabulaty you dda not the word nurture earls in the Know (ea. angling, ave his text s0,yoU should be able to ath, compelling, unas harmed werk out what a nurturistis. ‘Torfind opt the otitude Then, consider what th F coe ‘expressed in @ word. you snauld says about Prinz elsewho ‘ead the text around ach pias the text and whether no is likely {you shoule do this avan Ifyou 10 describe him with a word that seen Baa Na “think you keow the word). For expresses disapproval sttude oxpreseed by the writer | game, youmay not know L Ccambricige Enolish: Advances Test 3» PAPER 1 Readling and Use of English >> pares 57.Caw ere Reaicln PAPER 2 Writing You are going to read four contributions to a debate about whether economic growth is always a good thing. For questions 37-9, choose from the contributions A-D. The contributions may be chosen more than once. PAPER 3 Ustening Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 4 Spe: Economic growth and prosperity Will more economic growth deliver prosperity and well-being? Or, with natural resources running out and the threat of climate change, should developed countries abandon the idea of endless growth? Four economists give their views. a In the advanced economies of the world, there is mounting evidence that ever-increasing consumption adds little to human well-being. In fact, increasing stress levels, obesity. and other social ills suggest it positively impedes it. More urgently, itis now clear that the ecosystems which sustain our economies are collapsing under the impact of this consumption. Economists argue that the environmental impact of an economy, relative to its income, falls as it gets richer - wealthier nations tend to have stricter environmental regulations, for example. There is no alternative but to opt out of further growth. However, the bottom line is that economic growth inevitably leads to increases in greenhouse gas emissions, which accelerates climate change. The implications are complex but include a need to fundamentally rethink the uses to which we put our technological expertise and much tighter regulation of advertising, which incites wholly superfluous consumption. B It has become received wisdom that prosperity and economic growth do not go together. More ‘stuff’, we are told, damages the environment and makes us miserable. Hence, we should limit growth, raise taxes to redistribute affluence, invest in welfare rather than wealth creation, and control or even eliminate commercial advertising, a key trigger of consumption. Frankly, itis tragic that growth has such a bad name. In the space of about two centuries, substantial increases in economic output have brought enormous benefits: longer, healthier lives, shorter working hours, miraculous inventions, the ability to reshape the environment for our own benefit and, surely, greater general well-being. The world is not perfect, of course, and climate change is an issue. But to tackle it, we nood more resources and technology, rather than less. We should invest in high-tech energy production, sea walls to resist flooding and other engineering-based solutions, rather than cheap moralising. c Economic progress has brought huge benefits for humanity, but in some countries, we appear to have reached the stage where the costs of growth have started to outweigh the benefits. The more we have, the less satisfied we are, and we are running up against natural limits on a finite planet as resources are depleted, biodiversity falls sharply and climate change threatens to destroy us. Should we now give up on economic progress and | focus instead on well-being and protecting the planet? While the idea has a certain utopian appeal, the reality for the majority is unimaginable. Even wholesale reform of aspects of modern economies like advertising, the cheerleader for consumerism, is unlikely to be accepted. There is a middle way: to pursue, determinedly, existing environmental policies and to apply our technological expertise to overcome our difficulties, with | massive projects to harness solar, wind and wave power, for example D The world is heading for catastrophic climate change, and life in some of the world's most technologically advanced nations, while abounding in consumer products, has evidently not been enhanced in terms of personal relationships, meaningful work and other key values for well-being ~ indeed, it’s quite the opposite. So, should the growth model be dropped? In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, Benjamin Friedman convincingly argues that rising standards of material prosperity foster opportunity, tolerance, fairness and | democracy, and to give up on growth is unlikely to lead to the sort of open, friendly society we want. The wey forward, then, is to tackle excessive consumerism and its associated ilis by various reforms, such as greater control of advertising, and to strengthen measures to keep global warming and resource depletion within reasonable limits, while the world economy carries on growing 58 cambric English: Acvancedt Test 3 >> PAPER 4 Reading and Use of English’>> Fart 6Which writer has a different view to the others about continuing to aim for economic growth? expresses a different opinion from the others on the link between continued economic growth and happiness? takes a similar view to waiter B's opinion about economic growth and the use of technology? shares writer A's opinion about what the consequences of economic growth imply for advertising? AAAS “cambridge English: Advanced Test § >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English »> Parts 59cs Weed oan Part 2 PAPER? Writing PAPE PAPER A Speaking Ustening ‘Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. You are going to read a magazine article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article, Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap (41-46). Thoro is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. The lost civilisations of Peru An expedition in the mountainous regions of southern Peru has found some important remains from the Inca civilisation, Their discovery came when the expedition stumbled across a small, flat area cut into a forested mountainside. At first, it looked like nothing in, particular, but then the explorers realised it could have been a platform where Inca priests stood and watched the path of the sun. Knowing that there is more to be found is important, because although many valuable Inca sites have been discovered and researched, we still know surprisingly little about the Inca way of life. What's more, studying remains will be of great value, as many are in danger of being ruined forever, either by thieves on the hunt for ancient treasure, or by _ modem developments such as the building of roads _ or new towns, Qoriwayrachina, as the site they discovered is known, is of outstanding importance. In fact, it became clear that, this was one of the most significant historical finds in South America since the unearthing of Machu Picchu, the fabulous lost city of the Incas, in the 20th century. IRM cere err ree For example, recent archaeological work near the Peruvian capital has revealed another ancient city, dating back to well bofore the Incas. This has reinforced the feelings of many archaeologists that there are many more hidden remains buried for hundreds (or even thousands) of years, still waiting to be found. [43] But it is the mountains of the Vileabamba range that perhaps hold the most promise. Vileabamba, which means ‘sacred valley’, was the hub of tho vast Inca civilisation. In the 16th century, when the Spanish conquest led to the demise of this ancient way of life, this area was the last part of the Inca empire to fall. Hundreds of years later, it slowly began to yield its socrets to archaeologists, Macchu Picchu perhaps being. the most notable of a series of impressive finds. By no ‘means everything there has been unearthed, however. 160 cambridge English: Agvancea Test 5 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English b> Pare 7 ft is not all action-man excitement, however. The best explorers spend time reading the accounts of | the Spanish conquerors, studying maps and talking to local people who know their own area and are often willing to reveal the whereabouts of previously unidentified remains. Raising funds to pay for the work is also part of the challenge. RS | Peter Frost, one of the group which discovered Qoriwayrachina, knows this, As a tour guide, photographer, and travel writer working in the region for 30 years (though not an archaeologist), he has become an expert on the Incas. Since his initial work at Qoriwayrachina, he has led two lengthy expeditions to the area, and has uncovered the ruins of 200 structures and storehouses, an intricately engineered aqueduct, colourful pottery and several tombs, all valuable. ‘evidence for the study of the region's past. | | '