Contents Chapter D-I ~[ 1. Introduction and Province of Comparative Law \ I Origin and Development of Comparative Law NIL The Value of Comparative Law \U IV. Comparative Law and the Conflict of laws Or Private International Law / eee agl ¥ Comparative Law and the Law of Nations 0 VL The Process of Comparison Vil. Comparative Approach to Sources of Law . The Comparative Approach to Case Law : Precedent U-3 and its Comparative Importance ‘IX. The Comparative Approach to Interpretation of Statute Law’ / X. Administrative Law in France and Germany with English Comparisons : Scope of ‘Administrative Law in India [XL The Problem of Legal Terminology U-Az xt. Comparative Law and Legal Education ‘\ XIIL Unification of Private Law | ~U-&XIV. Unification of Trade Law se? XV. Nature and Characteristics of Unified Law ~ \ -4XVI. Mechanism and Process of Unification XVI Comparative View of Judicial oe in Various Countries U-g XVII. Comparative View of the Rule of Law (v) Page 15 19 25 37 51 106 124 166 229 aaComparRATIVE LAWComparative Law CHAPTER | Introduction and Province of Comparative Law Comparative Law defined, Comparative Jurisprudence and Comparative Legislation. Holland's view. Subject-matter of Comparative Law. The Process of Comparison. Object and value of Comparative Law. Jurisprudence and Comparative Law, Whether Comparative Law Is a science classified as distinct branch of learning or merely a form of legal technique. 9. Functions and Aims of Comparative Law, 10. Utility of Comparative Law. 11. Value of Comparative Law in the Field of Private International Law. 12. Value of Comparative Law in the field of Public International Law. 13. Universalist Theory of Law. 14, Classification of Comparative Law. 15. Comparative Law applicable to any form of legal research. 16. Descriptive Comparative Law. 17. Applied Comparative Law. 18. Distinction between Descriptive and Applied Comparative Law. 19. English and Foreign Jurisprudence. PNOTRweN> 1. Comparative Law Defined.—According to Professor H.C. Gutteridge, legal definitions are notoriously unsatisfactory and apt to lead to controversies which are often barren of result. This, in particular, is the case when any attempt is made to define ‘Comparative Law’ since the subject-matter, being non-existent, is one which defies solution. The consequence is that the definitions which have been framed do not deal with the nature of comparative law but only with its objects. The author of the definition has, in each case, focused his attention on the particular function which, from his standpoint, characterises the employment of the method of comparison.’ He observes that "Comparative Law is an unfortunate but Sean 1. H.C. Gutteridge : Comparative Law—An Introduction to the Comparé Legal Study and Research, pp.2-3. 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This is a simple matter when the defendant is a national of some country, such as Sweden, which has a unitary system of territorial law. The position is far different where the country of nationality comprises several systems of territorial law, as is the case of the British Empire and the United States of America. What, for instance, is the national law of a British subject ? The expression is, of course, meaningless, for the law that governs a British subject in personal matters varies according to the unity of the Empire or to the foreign country in which he is domiciled. It is one system in England, another in Scotland, and so on. The situation which most frequently gives rise to the application of the doctrine of renvoi is the conflict between the concepts of nationality and domicile in their application to the personal law. This major aspect of renvoi was considered by the Seventh Conference on Private International Law at The Hague in 1951, and a Draft Convention was proposed which, in cases of conflict, generally gave preference to the law of domicile. Thus, Article I reads as under : "When the state where the person concerned is domiciled prescribes the application of the ler patriae, but the state of which such person is a citizen prescribes the application of the law of his domicile, each contracting state shall apply the provisions of the internal law of his micile.’ ag