ELECTRICITY

Important Questions

1. Define resistivity.

2. Out of the following bulbs rated 40 W, 220 V, 60 W, 220 V and 100 W,

220 V, which one will glow the brightest when connected in series to a
supply of 220 V?

3. State the factors that alter the resistance of a conductor. Write the
mathematical expression.

4. State Joules low of heating and give its expression.

5. Why the cord of a heating element does not glow while the heating
element glows?

6. What is the commercial unit of electrical energy? Convert it into joule.

What is the other name of the commercial unit? What is meant by a
parallel combination of resistors? Deduce an expression for the
equivalent resistance when two resistors are connected in parallel.

7. Two resistors of 5 Ω and 10 Ω are connected in parallel. Eight such sets

are connected in series. Find the equivalent resistance of this
combination.

8. In the circuit shown in figure, calculate

(i) the current through the arms AB, AC and CDE,
(ii) the potential difference across AB, CD and DE.
9. (a) Express ohm’s law by a mathematical formula.
(b) Draw a circuit diagram to verify ohm’s law.
(c) Present the relationship between the voltage applied across a
conductor and the current flowing through it graphically.

10. On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?

Or
List the factors on which the resistance of a conductor in the shape of a
wire depends.

11. (a) A bulb is rated 40 W, 220 V. Find the current drawn by it when it is
connected to a 220 V supply. Also find its resistance.
(b) If the given bulb is replaced by a blub of rating 25 W, 220 V, will there
be any change in the value of current and resistance? Justify your answer
and determine the change.

12. Derive the expression for power P consumed by a device having

resistance jR and potential difference V.
Or
A device of resistance R is connected across a source of V voltage and
draws a current I. Derive an expression for power in terms of voltage (or
current) and resistance.

13. Compare the power used in 2 Ω resistor in each of the following

circuits shown in Fig. 12.36 (a) and (b) respectively.
14. Derive the relation R = R1 + R2 + R3 when resistors are joined in
series.
Answer:

15. When do we say that the potential difference between two points of a
circuit in 1 volt?

16. Define resistance. Give its SI unit.

17. State ohm’s law.

18. (a) Write the relation between resistance and electrical resistivity of
the material of a conductor in the shape of a cylinder of length ‘l’ and
area of cross section ‘A’ Hence derive the SI unit of electrical resistivity.
(b) Resistance of a metal wire of length 5 m is 100 Ω. If the area of cross
section of the wire is 3 × 10-7 m2, calculate the resistivity of the material.

19. (a) With the help of a suitable circuit diagram prove that the
reciprocal of the equivalent resistance of a group of resistors joined in
parallel is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the individual
resistances.
(b) In an electric circuit two resistors of 12Ω each are joined in parallel to
a 6 V battery. Find the current drawn from the battery.

20. Study the circuit of Fig. 12.24 and find out: (i) Current in 12 Ω,
resistor (ii) difference in the readings of A1 and A2 if any.
21. (i) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a battery of
five 2 V cells, a 5 Ω resistor, a 10 Ω resistor and a 15 Ω resistor and a plug
key all connected in series.
(ii) Calculate the electric current passing through the above circuit when
the key is closed. (iii) Potential difference across 15 Ω resistor.

22. Show how would you join three resistors, each of resistance 9 Ω so
that the equivalent resistance of the combination is (i) 13.5 Ω, (ii) 6 Ω?

23. State Joule’s law of heating. [CBSE 2018]

24. Why are metals good conductors of electricity whereas glass is a bad
conductor of electricity? Give reason. [CBSE 2018]

25. Nichrome is used to make the element of an electric heater. Why?

[CBSE 2017]
27. Why do electricians wear rubber hand gloves while working? [CBSE
2016]

28. How are two resistors with resistances R1Ω and R2Ω are to be
connected to a battery of emf 3 volts to obtain maximum current flowing
through it? [CBSE 2016]

29. What potential difference is needed to send a current of 5 A through

the electrical appliance having a resistance of 18 Ω? [CBSE 2016]

30. Power of a lamp is 60 W. Find the energy in SI unit consumed by it in

1 s. [CBSE 2016]

31. (a) What do you mean by resistance of a conductor? Define its unit.
(b) In an electric circuit with a resistance wire and a cell, the current
flowing is I . What would happen to this current if the wire is replaced by
another thicker wire of same material and same length? Give reason.
[CBSE 2016]

32. (a) Why are electric bulbs filled with chemically inactive nitrogen or
argon gas?
(b) The resistance of a wire of 0.01 cm radius is 10 Ω. If the resistivity of
the material of the wire is 50 × 10-8 Ω/m, find the length of the wire.
[CBSE 2016]

33. (a)Define electric power. Express it in terms of V, I and R where V

stands for potential difference, R for resistance and I for current.
(b) V -I graphs for two wires A and B are shown in the Fig. 12.34. Both of
them are connected in series to a battery. Which of the two will produce
more heat per unit time? Give justification for your answer. [CBSE 2016]
34. Identify the following symbols of commonly used components in a
circuit diagram. [CBSE 2015]

35. Define electric current. [CBSE 2015]

36. State the SI unit of electric current and define it. [CBSE 2015]

37. In an electric circuit, state the relationship between the direction of

conventional current and the direction of flow of electrons. [CBSE 2015]
38. What is meant by the statement “potential difference between points
A and B in an electric field is 1 volt”? [CBSE 2015]

39. Define kW h. [CBSE 2015]

40. How many joules are equals to 1 kW h? [CBSE 2015]

41. Define an electric circuit. Draw a labelled, schematic diagram of an

electric circuit comprising of a cell, a resistor, an ammeter, a voltmeter
and a closed switch. Distinguish between an open and a closed circuit.
[CBSE 2015]
42. (a) n electrons, each carrying a charge -e, are flowing across a unit
cross-section of a metallic wire in unit time from east to west. Write an
expression for electric current and also give its direction of flow. Give
reason for your answer.
(b) The charge possessed by an electron is 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb. Find the
number of electrons that will flow per second to constitute a current of 1
ampere. [CBSE 2015]

43. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a cylindrical conductor
depends and hence write an expression for its resistance.
(b) How will the resistivity of a conductor change when its length is
tripled by stretching it? [CBSE 2015]

44. (a) V-I graphs for two wires A and B are shown in the Fig. 12.17. If
both the wires are made of same material and are of same length, which
of the two is thicker? Give justification for your answer.
(b) A wire of length L and resistance R is stretched so that the length is
doubled and area of cross-section halved.
How will (i) resistance change, and (ii) resistivity change? [CBSE 2015]

45. Study the electric circuit of Fig. 12.21 and find (i) the current flowing
in the circuit, and (ii) the potential difference across 10 Ω resistor. [CBSE
2015]
46. Three resistors of 3 Ω each are connected to a battery of 3 V as shown
in Fig. 12.22. Calculate the current drawn from the battery. [CBSE 2015]

47. Find the equivalent resistance across the two ends A and B of the
circuit [Fig. 12.31]. [CBSE 2015]

48. A 5 Ω resistor is connected across a battery of 6 volts. Calculate:

(i) the current flowing through the resistor.
(ii) the energy that dissipates as heat in 10 s. [CBSE 2015]
49. Calculate the amount of heat generated while transferring 90000
coulombs of charge between the two terminals of a battery of 40 V in
one hour. Also determine the power expended in the process. [CBSE
2015]

50. How many 40 W; 220 V lamps can be safely connected to a 220 V, 5 A

line?
Justify your answer. [CBSE 2015]

51. An electric lamp of resistance 20 Ω and a conductor of resistance 4 Ω

are connected to a 6 V battery as shown in the circuit. Calculate
(а) the total resistance of the circuit,
(b) the current through the circuit,
(c) the potential difference across the (i) electric, lamp and (ii) conductor,
and
(d) power of the lamp. [CBSE 2019]

52. (a) Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in parallel and the
combination is connected to a battery, ammeter, voltmeter and key.
Draw suitable circuit diagram and obtain an expression for the equivalent
resistance of the combination of the resistors.
(b) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the network shown in Fig. 12.38
[CBSE 2019]

53. (a) Three resistors of resistances R1, R2 and R3 are connected in (i)
series, and (ii) parallel. Write expression for the equivalent resistance of
the combination in each case.
(b) Two identical resistances of 12 Ω each are connected to a battery of 3
V.
Calculate the ratio of the power consumed by the resulting combinations
with minimum resistance and maximum resistance. [CBSE 2019]

54. Experimentally prove that in series combination of three resistances :

(а) current flowing through each resistance is same, and
(b) total potential difference is equal to the stun of potential differences
across individual resistors. [CBSE 2019]

55. (a) Establish a relationship to determine the equivalent resistance R of

a combination of three resistors having resistances R1, R2 and
R3 connected in series.
(b) Calculate the equivalent resistance R of a combination of three
resistors of 2 Ω, 3 Ω and 6 Ω joined in parallel. [CBSE 2016]

56. What is meant by electric current? Name and define its SI unit. In a
conductor electrons are flowing from B to A. What is the direction of
conventional current? Give justification for your answer.
A steady current of 1 ampere flows through a conductor. Calculate the
number of electrons that flow through any section of the conductor in 1
second.
(Charge on electron — 1.6 × 10-19 coulomb) [CBSE 2015]

57. What is heating effect of electric current? Find an expression for

amount of heat produced. Name some appliances based on heating
effect of current. [CBSE 2015]

58. The values of current J flowing in a given resistor for the

corresponding values of potential difference V across the resistor are
given below:

I (ampere) 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0

V (volts) 1.5 3.0 6.2 9.3
(i) Plot a graph between V and I.
(ii) Calculate the resistance of that resistor.
(iii) What does the graph represent? [CBSE 2015]
 MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT

Important Questions

1. What is the function of an earth wire in electrical instruments?

2. List any two uses of an electromagnet.

3. Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet is made.

4. Describe an activity to demonstrate the direction of the magnetic field

generated around a current carrying conductor.

5. Name one material used for making permanent magnets. Describe

how permanent magnets are made electrically.

6. Describe an activity to draw a magnetic field line outside a bar magnet

from one pole to another pole.

7. (a) What is the function of an earth wire in electrical instruments? Why

is it necessary to earth the metallic electric appliances?
(b) Explain what is short-circuiting and overloading in an electric supply.
(c) What is the usual capacity of the fuse wire in the line to feed:
(i) Lights and fans?
(ii) Appliances of 2 kW or more power?

8. The diagram below shows a coil connected to a Centre zero

galvanometer G. The galvanometer shows a deflection to the right when
the N-pole of a powerful magnet is moved to the right as shown.
(i) Explain why the deflection occurs in the galvanometer.

(ii) Does the direction of current in the coil appear clockwise or

anticlockwise when viewed from end A?

(iii) State the observation in G when the coil is moved away from N.

(iv) State the observation in G when, both coil and the magnet, are
moved to the right at the same speed.

9. The figure shows a long solenoid, a cylindrical coil of a number of

turns of insulated copper wire, connected to a battery through an
ammeter A and a rheostat Rh.

(i) Which end of the solenoid is an N-pole and which end is an S-pole?

(ii) Draw the magnetic field lines inside the solenoid and indicate their
directions. Are magnetic field lines closed?

(iii) How can you increase the strength of the magnetic field inside the
solenoid? Give two methods
10. (a) What is meant by a magnetic field?
(b) How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined?
(c) Describe an activity to demonstrate the direction of the magnetic field
generated around a current carrying conductor.
(d) What is the direction of magnetic field at the Centre of a current
carrying circular loop?

11. Two circular coils P and Q are kept close to each other, of which coil P
carries a current. What will you observe in the galvanometer connected
across the coil Q,
(a) if current in the coil P is changed?
(b) if both the coils are moved in the same direction with the same
speed?
Give reason to justify your answer in each case.

12. What is the function of a galvanometer in a circuit?

13. One of the major causes of fire in office buildings is short-circuiting.

List three reasons which may lead to short-circuiting. How can it be
prevented?

14. What is an electric fuse? Briefly describe its function.

Or
Explain the use of electrical fuse. What type of fuse material is used for
fuse wire and why?

15. (a) List four factors on which the magnitude of magnetic force acting
on a moving charge in a magnetic field depend.
(b) How will a fine beam of electrons streaming in west to east direction
be affected by a magnetic field directed vertically upwards? Explain with
the help of a diagram mentioning the rule applied.

16. What is a solenoid? Draw magnetic field lines due to a current –

carrying solenoid. Write three important features of the magnetic field
obtained.

17. Describe an activity with a neat diagram to demonstrate the presence

of magnetic field around a current-carrying straight conductor.

18. (a) Describe an activity to draw a magnetic field line outside a bar
magnet from one pole to another pole.
(b) What does the degree of closeness of field lines represent?

19. What type of current is given by a cell?

20. Write any one method to induce current in a coil.
21. Under what condition is the force by a current-carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field maximum?
22. Define magnetic field of a bar magnet.
23. What is the shape of magnetic field lines due to a straight current-
carrying conductor?

24. What are magnetic field lines?

25. (a) Describe an activity to show that an electric current-carrying wire
behaves like a magnet.
(b) Write the rule which determines the direction of magnetic held
developed around a current-carrying straight conductor.

26. Out of the three wires live, neutral or earth, which one goes through
ON/ OFF switch?
27. Why does a current-carrying conductor experience a force when it is
placed in a magnetic field?

28. What is the frequency of A.C. being supplied in our houses?

29. Distinguish between a direct current and an alternating current.
30. Describe an activity to explain how a moving magnet can be used to
generate electric current in a coil.
Or
A coil made of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer.
What will happen to the deflection of the galvanometer if a bar magnet
is pushed into the coil and then pulled out of it? Give reason for your
answer and name the phenomenon involved.

31. A metallic conductor is suspended perpendicular to the magnetic

field of a horse-shoe magnet. The conductor gets displaced towards left
when a current is passed through it. What will happen to the
displacement of the conductor if the:
(i) current through it is increased?
(ii). horse-shoe magnet is replaced by another stronger horse-shoe
magnet?
(iii) direction of current through it is reversed?

32. For the current carrying solenoid as shown below, draw magnetic
field lines and giving reason explain that out of the three points A, B and
C at which point the field strength is maximum and at which point it is
minimum.

33. What is meant by solenoid? How does a current carrying solenoid

behave? Give its main use.

34. What are magnetic field lines? Justify the following statements
(a) Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
(b) Magnetic field lines are closed curves.
35. Draw magnetic field lines produced around a current carrying straight
conductor passing through a cardboard. Name, state and apply the rule
to mark the direction of these field lines. How will the strength of the
magnetic field change when the point where magnetic field to be
determined is moved away from the straight conductor? Give reason to
justify your answer.

36. (a) What are magnetic field lines? How is the direction of magnetic
field at a point in a magnetic field determined using field lines?
(b) Two circular coils ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are placed close to each other. If the
current in the coil ‘X’ is changed, will some current be induced in the coil
‘Y’? Give reason.
(c) State ‘Fleming’s right hand rule.

37. (a) State Fleming’s left hand rule.

(b) Write the principle of working of an electric motor.
(c) Explain the function of the following parts of an electric motor.
(i) Armature
(ii) Brushes
(iii) Split ring

38. A current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field. Now

answer the following:
(i) List the factors on which the magnitude of force experienced by
conductor depends.
(ii) When is the magnitude of this force maximum?
(iii) If initially this force was acting from right to left, how will the
direction of force change, if:
(a) direction of magnetic field is reversed?
(b) direction of current is reversed? [CBSE 2016]

39. In our daily life we use two types of electric current whose current-
time graphs are given in Fig. 13.29.
(i) Name the type of current in two cases.
(ii) Identify any one source for each type of current.
(iii) What is the frequency of current in case
(iv) in our country?
(v) Out of the two which one is used in transmitting electric power over
long distances and why?

40. A student fixes a sheet of white paper on a drawing board. He places

a bar magnet in the centre of it. He sprinkles some iron filings uniformly
around the bar magnet. Then he taps the board gently.
Now answer the following questions:
(i) What does the student observe? Draw a diagram to illustrate your
answer.
(ii) Why do the iron filings arrange in such a pattern?
(iii) What does the crowding of the iron filings at the ends of the magnet
indicate?