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1.recognition of the importance of maintaining cognitive performance under stress. Importantly,

cognitive resources are required for self-regulation of effort, attention and emotional control, with
real implications for the management of daily living demands and mental health (Martin et al.,
2019)

Martin K., McLeod E., Périard J., Rattray B., Keegan R., Pyne D. B. (2019). The impact of
environmental stress on cognitive performance: a systematic review. Hum. Factors 61, 1205–
1246. doi: 10.1177/0018720819839817, PMID:

2.The physical separation from the battlefield also presents as an issue for the psychological
stress experienced by UAV pilots, with many commuting to a military base from their homes
each day (Armour and Ross, 2017).

Armour C., Ross J. (2017). The health and well-being of military drone operators and
intelligence analysts: a systematic review. Mil. Psychol. 29, 83–98. doi: 10.1037/mil0000149

3.protect or enhance cognitive reserves that are threatened by stress. Physical training,
particularly in tasks requiring the regulation of effort and pacing (i.e., endurance) has also
shown promise as a way of building cognitive resilience to the effects of mental fatigue (Filipas
et al., 2020).

Filipas L., Martin K., Northey J. M., La Torre A., Keegan R., Rattray B. (2020). A 4-week
endurance training program improves tolerance to mental exertion in untrained individuals. J.
Sci. Med. Sport 23, 1215–1219. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.020,

4. In a military context, Attentional Control Theory’s description of differential effects of anxiety

across executive functions has been used to guide the development of cognitive training
interventions that target those executive functions (inhibition and shifting) most threatened by
anxiety (Ben-Avraham et al., 2021).

Ben-Avraham R., Afek A., Berezin Cohen N., Davidov A., Van Vleet T., Jordan J., et al.. (2021).
Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of mobile cognitive control training during basic combat
training in the military. Mil. Psychol. 1–13. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2021.1969162

5.It has recently been suggested that a return to past approaches is needed to combat the risk-
averse nature of current military training protocols (Nindl et al., 2018). While an overly risk-
averse direction may ultimately reduce the combat readiness of military personnel, continual
refinement of training protocols is necessary to acknowledge the changing nature of the
stressors faced by military personnel and the many advancements made in deployment
preparation.
Nindl B. C., Billing D. C., Drain J. R., Beckner M. E., Greeves J., Groeller H., et al.. (2018).
Perspectives on resilience on military readiness and preparedness: report of an international
military physiology roundtable. J. Sci. Med. 21, 1116–1124. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.05.005,
PMID:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8966027/

Foreign

1. scholars are increasingly focusing on the prevention of mental health issues, shifting their
focus to the cultivation of psychological resources such as resilience and social support. Prior
research has shown that resilience and individual coping styles can effectively alleviate adverse
psychological symptoms caused by stressors.

Cates DS. Minimizing psychological distress and promoting resilience during quarantine: piloting
the town hall model. Prof Psychol Res Pract. (2021) 52:260–71. doi: 10.1037/pro0000382

2.Psychological resilience is seen as a positive psychological quality that can counteract the
adverse effects of stressors, allowing individuals to experience fewer negative emotions, cope
better in the face of unexpected events, and have a greater sense of subjective well-being.

Fullerton DJ, Zhang LM, Kleitman S. An integrative process model of resilience in an academic
context: resilience resources, coping strategies, and positive adaptation. PLoS One. (2021)
16:e0246000. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246000, PMID:

3.In the existing literature, topics related to the mental health of military personnel are often
based on clinical outcomes, such as a high incidence of psychiatric problems (e.g., anxiety,
depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder) and increased rates of suicide.

Hoopsick RA, Homish DL, Collins RL, Nochajski TH, Read JP, Bartone PT, et al.. Resilience to
mental health problems and the role of deployment status among U.S. Army Reserve and
National Guard Soldiers. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. (2020) 56:1299–310. doi:
10.1007/s00127-020-01899-5, PMID

4. In studies of veterans, PTSD severity was lower in individuals with high (versus low)
resilience; moreover, resilience factors influenced adaptive and coping behaviors and
moderated the relationship between adverse experiences and psychiatric disorders.

Rakesh G, Morey RA, Zannas AS, Malik Z, Marx CE, Clausen AN, et al.. Resilience as a
translational endpoint in the treatment of PTSD. Mol Psychiatry. (2019) 24:1268–83. doi:
10.1038/s41380-019-0383-7, PMID:
5.Notably, immature coping styles were not significantly correlated with either resilience or
mental health outcomes in the current study. This may be related to the culture advocated by
the military environment in which all military personnel are expected to function at a high level of
proficiency in stressful situations.

Clemons EP. Monitoring anxiety levels and coping skills among military recruits. Mil Med. (2019)
161:18–21. doi: 10.1093/milmed/161.1.18, PMID:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10445488/

Rrs

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1.Navigating fear and care: The lived experiences of community-based health actors in the
Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic" [3]: This study focuses on the lived experiences of
community-based health actors in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. While not
specifically about uniformed personnel, it explores the experiences of frontline workers in a
community-based health organization. The study examines the everyday experiences of fear
and care among these health actors, highlighting the challenges they faced and the strategies
they employed to navigate the pandemic. The findings provide insights into the complexities of
delivering community-level care and the importance of support systems and self-care practices.

Dodd, W., Brubacher, L. J., Kipp, A., Wyngaarden, S., Haldane, V., Ferrolino, H.,
Wilson, K., Servano, D., Jr, Lau, L. L., & Wei, X. (2022). Navigating fear and care:
The lived experiences of community-based health actors in the Philippines
during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social science & medicine (1982), 308, 115222.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115222

In the Philippines, one study that assessed the pre-service teacher

training and performance of teacher education institutions (TEIs) in 17 regions in
the country was done by Mahinay (2013). In his study, he emphasized that
in order for the teacher education institutions (TEIs) to perform better, pre-
service teacher training should be given an utmost importance. It was also
revealed that the more PhD holders in a given institution, the better is the
teacher education institute as it means more knowledge and expertise on the
part of the teachers. Ganal, et.al, (2019) also made a study on the problems
and difficulties encountered by student teachers. In their study, they revealed
that the problems and difficulties were mostly related to classroom
management, communication skills, and instructional skills, among others. It
was then suggested that a seminar on conflict management should be
conducted by the DepEd.

The pandemic had a direct impact on student teachers' educational and

teaching experiences, which were documented in their personal narratives.
Student teaching coordinators in both models played a critical role in
keeping student teachers in the loop during these real-world experiences. A
study by (Piccolo, Livers, & Tipton, 2021). Face-to-face interaction and
mass gatherings are no longer permitted at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs),
both public and private. Everyone was able to adapt to working from home.

The Philippine Coast Guard is able to identify and accept the effect that difficult
tasks and duties may have on families. This might entail responding to the
needs and concerns of families as well as educating people about the Philippine
Coast Guard's work and any possible difficulties that may arise.The
Philippine Coast Guard can encourage behaviors like exercise, a healthy diet,
and stress management strategies to help employees and their families practice
self-care and resilience. To encourage a sense of achievement and inspiration
among employees and their families, the Philippine Coast Guard may
commemorate accomplishments both big and small (Kouzes, 2023; Posner,

muggling, and illicit fishing(Abi-Zeid, 2019; Morin and Nilo, 2019).Philippine

Coast Guard personnel have received extensive training and are provided with
the tools they need to efficiently carry out their duties. Despite these difficulties,
Philippine Coast Guard employees are renowned for their unyielding dedication
to preserving the security and safety of the coastal towns and waterways
off the Philippines (Cucharo et al., 2022).Philippine Coast Guard employees have
led the charge in delivering aid and immediate support to impacted
communities during times of crisis, such as during typhoons and other
natural disasters. They have put their lives in danger to bring food, medication,
and other necessities to those in need while rescuing those who were trapped at
sea or in flooded regions
Cucharo, J.M. (2022). A System Safety Assessment (SSA) of the Maritime Air
Rescue Operation of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG). Retrieved from SSRN
4394795.

Ganal, N. N., et al. (2019). Problems and difficulties encountered by student

teachers of Philippine Normal University Isabela Campus. International Journal
of Science and Engineering, 1(9). Retrieved from http://ephjournal.com/EPH-
Pdf/International-Journal-of-Science-and-Engineering/September-2019/
International-Journal-of-Science-and-Engineering-

Kouzes, J.M., & Posner, B.Z. (2023). The leadership challenge: How to make
extraordinary things happen in organizations. John Wiley & Sons.

Piccolo, D. L., Livers, S. D., & Tipton, S. L. (2021). Adapting Student Teaching
during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Perspectives and
Experiences. The Teacher Educator, 1-20.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08878730.2021.1925382

Foreign

1.The study is titled "Predictive validity and correlates of self-assessed resilience among U.S.
Army soldiers" and is available on PubMed [1]. The study evaluates the validity of self-assessed
resilience among U.S. Army soldiers and examines whether predeployment perceived resilience
predicts post-deployment emotional disorder. The results support the validity of self-assessed
resilience among soldiers, although its predictive effect on the incidence of emotional disorder
was modest. The study highlights the importance of measuring resilience in conjunction with
known risk factors to predict adaptation to foreseen stressors like deployment.

Campbell-Sills L, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Sun X, Taylor CT, Heeringa SG, Nock MK,
Sampson NA, Jain S, Stein MB. Predictive validity and correlates of self-assessed
resilience among U.S. Army soldiers. Depress Anxiety. 2018 Feb;35(2):122-131. doi:
10.1002/da.22694. Epub 2017 Nov 2. PMID: 29095544; PMCID: PMC6013057.

2.Another study that explores the impact of military missions on families, including children, is
titled "Deployment risk and resilience model applied to military children" [2]. This study
investigates the impact of a military mission on Portuguese families, specifically on children. The
study uses the "deployment risk and resilience model" to explore if the mission period can also
be an opportunity for military children to grow and become more resilient. The results indicate
that while military children face challenges and changes during the mission, they also
experience positive outcomes such as increased responsibility, personal growth, and feelings of
closeness to the nuclear family.

dos Santos, R. P., Francisco, R., & Ribeiro, M. T. (2022). Deployment Risk and Resilience Model
Applied to Military Children. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 219-234.
https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.1694

3.The lived experience of resilience in military spouses: A qualitative study" [3]: This qualitative
study explores the lived experience of resilience in military spouses. It examines the factors that
contribute to their resilience and the strategies they use to cope with the challenges of military
life. The study highlights the importance of social support, adaptability, and personal growth in
fostering resilience among military spouses.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Mar; 20(6): 1475. Published online 2019 Mar 23. doi:
10.3390/ijms20061475

5.Motivation and job satisfaction among military personnel: A literature review" [11]: This
literature review explores the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction among
military personnel. It examines the factors that influence motivation and job satisfaction,
including intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. The study highlights the importance of meaningful
work, recognition, and career advancement opportunities in promoting job satisfaction among
military personnel.

Folkmann, A. W., & Seydoux, G. (2019). Spatial regulation of the polarity kinase
PAR-1 by parallel inhibitory mechanisms. Development (Cambridge, England),
146(6), dev171116. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.171116