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    9 views36 pages

    Renaul Group

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    samardotsingh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ani2p24, 12:13 PM Renault - Wikipedia WixrrepiA TheFree Encyclopedia Renault Groupe Renault (UK: /‘renov/ REN-oh, US; /to'nailt, r2'nou/ re-NAWLT, ro-NoH,IL8) French: [grup ono], also known as the Renault Group in English; legally Renault S.A.) is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899.) The company produces a range of cars and vans and in the past, has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, areraft and aircraft engines, and autoral vehicles ‘According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs 'Automebile, in 2016 Renault was the ninth biggest automaker in the world by production volume Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Alpine, Renault Sport (Gordini), Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Korea Motors from South Korea.#!li2] Renault also has other subsidiaries as RCT Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey) and Renault Pars (Iran). The French state and Nissan each own a 15% share of the company. Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Véhieules Industriels, has been part of Volvo since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E, Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics.[*3] Brands Loge Brand Origin | Established +A-_| nore ALPINE 1955 2s Ey) wom History Founding and early years (1898-1918) “The Renault corporation was founded on a5 February 1899 as Société Renault Fréres by Louis Renault and his brothers Mareel and Fernand 94) Louis was a bright, aspiring ‘young engineer who had already designed and built several prototypes before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father’s textile firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business. [35] ritps:en wikipedia orghwikiReenault Renault S.A. Renault Group — Headquarters in Boulogne-Bilancour, ‘Company type ‘Traded as sin Industry Founded Founders Headquarters ‘Area served Key people Products Production output Brands Revenue Operating France Puli (Sociste Anonyme) Euronext Paris: RNO (h ‘ips:leuronext compro ducis/equities!#RO0001 '31908-XPAR) CAC 40 Component FR0000131905, Automotive 25 February 1899, Louis Renaut Marcel Renauk Fernand Renault Boulogne-Billancourt Ile-de-France, France Worldwide; 128 countries! Jean-Dominique Senard (Chairman)2) Luca de Meo (CEO)! ‘Automobiles Commercial vehicles ‘4.2,235,0004 (2023) Alpine Dacia Renaut Renault Korea Motors a 52.37 bition! (2023) ‘A €2.48 bition (2023) 1196 ani2p24, 12:13 PM Renault - Wikipedia ‘The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to @ friend of Louis father | Net income after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898.08) Total assets In 1903, Renault began to manufacture its own engines; until then it had purchased them from De Dion-Bouton. The first major volume sale came in 1905 when Société des To!leauity Automobiles de Place bought Renault AG1 cars to establish a fleet of taxis!"7) These 9 vehicles were later used by the French military to transport troops during World War I which earned them the nickname "Taxi de la Marne."8) By 1907, a significant percentage of London and Paris taxis had been built by Renault.[*7) Renault was also the Number of best-selling foreign brand in New York in 1907 and 1908.1 In 1908 the company ®™Ployees produced 3,575 units, becoming the country's largest car manufacturer.27) ‘Subsidiaries ‘The brothers recognised the value of publicity that participation in motor racing could generate for their vehicles. Renault made itself known through succeeding in the first city-to-city races held in Switzerland, producing rapid sales growth. Both Louis and Marcel raced company vehicles, but Marcel was killed in an accident during the 1903 Paris-Madrid race.2°! Although Louis never raced again, his company remained very involved, including Ferene Szisz winning the first Grand Prix motor racing event?" in a Renault AK goCV in 1906. Louis took full control of the company as the only remaining brother in 1906 when Fernand retired for health reasons."31 Fernand died in 1909 and Louis became the sole owner, renaming the company Société des Automobiles Renault (Renault Automobile Company).(2107} Renault fostered its reputation for innovation from very early on. At the time, ears were luxury items manufactured without assembly line advances. The price of the smallest Renaults at the time was 3000 franes (F); an amount equal to ten years pay for the average worker. In 1905, the company introduced mass production techniques and ‘Taylorism in 1913.18 Tn 1911, Renault visited Henry Ford at the Highland Park factory and adopted some of the manufacturing principles from his trip.{23] Renault manufactured buses and commercial cargo vehicles in the pre-war years. The first real commercial truck from the company was introduced in 1906.14] During World War I, it branched out into ammunition, military aireraft engines|*7) (the first Rolls- Royce aircraft engines were modeled and inspired by Renault air-cooled aireraft V8 units)[25]29] and vehicles such as the revolutionary Renault FT tank I The company’s military designs were so successful that Louis was awarded the Legion of Honour for his company's contributions.27] ‘The company exported engines to American automobile ‘manufacturers for use in such automobiles as the GJG, which used a Renault 26 horsepower (49 KW) or 40 hp (30 KW) four-cylinder engine. (#8) Interwar years (1919-1938) Louis Renault enlarged Renault's scope after 1918, producing agricultural and industrial ‘machinery. The war from 1914 until 1918 led to many new products.2! The first Renault ‘tractor, the Type GP was produced between 1919 and 1930. It was based on the FT tank 201 Renault struggled to compete with the inereasingly popular small, affordable "people's cars,” while problems with the United States stock market and the workforce slowed the company's growth, Renault also had to find a way to distribute its vehicles more efficiently. In 1920, Louis signed one of its first distribution contracts with Gustave Gueudet, an entrepreneur from Amiens, France whieh they still maintain a relationship. ‘The pre-First World War cars had a distinctive front shape caused by positioning the radiator behind the engine to give a so-called "coal scuttl Website ‘4.€2.31 bition!) (2023) a €121.91bilion®! (2028), a £€30,68 bilion! (2023) French state (15.01%) Nissan (15% 8 170,188 (04 2020} ist [show ‘Transportation Renault SAS Alpine Dacia (99.43%) Renault Korea Motors (62.9%) MEV (50%) Financing RCI Banque Retail Renault Retail Group Other Motrio International Oyak-Renault Renault Pars Renault Argentina Renault Espaa Renault do Brasil Renautt India Prvate Limitea Renault Mexico Renault Maroc Revo2 Sofasa Somaca renauitgroup.com (ht sU]yuv.renaulgroup.© omen’) Renault ) RENAULT ‘owner Country Introduced Website Renault SA. France December 1898 Official website (nto suhwawrenauligroup.c ‘ominos-marquesirana uy) bonnet. This continued through the 1920s'*") Only in 1930 did all models place the radiator at the front. The bonnet badge changed from cireular to the familiar and continuing diamond shape in 1925, The practice of installing the radiator behind the engine against the firewall continued during the 1950s and 1960s on vehicles where the engine was installed longitudinally in the rear of the vehicle. ritps:en wikipedia orghwikiReenault 2186 ani2p24, 12:13 PM Renault - Wikipedia Renault introduced new models at the Paris Motor Show, which was held in September or October of the year. This led to confusion about model years. For example, a "1927" model was mostly produced in 1928. See Renault cars during this time period had two model ae lines; the economy four-cylinder engine models that in ‘the 19308 became the suffix "Quatre" and the luxury six exlinder models that were initially sold with the suffix six" that later became the suffix "Stella." For example, in. cao 1928, when Renault produced 45,809 cars, its seven MN On Louis Renaut (1877-1844) in 1803 models started with a 6CV, a 10CV, the Monasix, 16CV, [oye Renaut the Vivasix, the 18/22CV and the 4oCV. Renault offered eight body styles. The longer rolling chassis were available to coachbuilders. The smaller were the most popular while the least produced was ‘the 18/24CV. The most expensive body style in each range was the closed car. Roadsters and tourers (torpedoes) were the cheapest ‘The London operation was important to Renault in 1928, The UK market was quite large and North America also received exports for the luxury car market Lifted suspensions, enhanced cooling, and special bodies were common on vehicles sold abroad. Exports tothe US by 1928, had declined to near-zero from their high point prior to WWI. A Type NM 4oCV Tourer had a US list price of over US$4,600 ($81,623 in 2023 dollars!*)), about the same as a Cadillac v-12, Packard Hight, Fiat 520, or Delahaye. Closed 7-seat limousines like the Renault Suprastella started at US$6,000 ($106,465 in 2023 dollars{**)) 1901 Voituretts Renault Type D Cars were conservatively engineered and built. The Renault Vivasix, model PG1, was sold as #8 the “executive sports” model beginning in 1927. Lighter weight factory steel bodies powered by a 3,180 cubic centimetre (ce) six-eylinder motor provided a formula that lasted until the Second World War. “de Grand Luxe Renaults’, those with a wheelbase over 12-foot (3.7 m), were produced in small numbers in two major types ~ six- and eight-cylinder. The 1927 six-cylinder Grand Renault models NM, PI and PZ, introduced the new three spring rear suspension that considerably aided stability that was needed since some vehicles surpassed 90 mph (140 km/h) ‘The straight 8-cylinder Reinastella was introduced in 1929 and expanded to a range culminating in 1939 Suprastella. Coachbuilders included Kellner, Labourdette, J. Rothschild et Fils and Renault bodies. Closed ear Renault bodies were often trimmed with interior woodwork by Rothschild. In 1928, Renault introduced an upgraded specification to ils “Stella” line. The Vivastella’s and Grand Renaults had upgraded interior fittings and a small star fitted above Seu Celtaquatie, 1998 Renault Reinastella the front hood logo. This proved to be 2 winning differentiator and in the 1930s all cars changed to the Stella suffix from the previous two alpha character model identifiers. jons, floor and running the war effort ‘The Grand Renaults were built using a considerable amount of aluminium. Engines, brakes, trans boards and all external body panels were aluminium. Of the few that were built, many went to scrap t In 1931, Renault introduced diesel engines for its commercial vehicles. (#4 Renault was one of the few French vehicle manufacturers that pursued the production of aireraft engines after World War I. In the late 1920s, it attempted to produce a high-power military engine to compete with the American Pratt & Whitney units, which proved unsuccessful, although its civil engines achieved better results. In the 19308, the company took over the aircraft ritps:en wikipedia orghwikiReenault 3196 rape, 2:19PM Renaul - Wikipedia manufacturer Caudron, focusing its production in small sirplanes,4] acquired a stake in Ait France and partnered to establish the airmail company Air Bleu.{5! Renault Caudron airplanes settled several speed world records during the 1930s. Renault continued developing tanks as part of France's rearming effort, including the D1 and the FT's replacement, the R 35.!38! Sonu During the late 1920s and early 19805, Renault was surpassed by Citroén as the largest car manufacturer in France. Citron models at the time were more innovative and popular than Renault's.(37) However, by mid-1930s the French manufacturers were hit by the Great Depression. Renault could initially offset losses through its tractor, railroad and weaponry businesses, while Citroén filed for bankruptey, and was later acquired by Michelin] Renault became again the largest car manufacturer, a position it would keep until the 19805,5) Renault was finally affected by the Great Depression economie erisis in 1936. The company Bew= = << wate spun off Caudron and its foundry and aircraft engine divisions into related but autonomous en#ultVva.Gran¢ Spar ane ‘ i fas) . Héléne Boucher. During the 19308 operations, keeping its core automotive business. (5) Between 1936 and 1938, a series of "lens Souther One ‘0ehe labour disputes, strikes, and worker unrest spread throughout the French automobile 27 vine ts Pe industry.38) The disputes were eventually quashed by Renault in a particularly intransigent nari tis S-oyindors ergines an way, and aver 2,000 people lst their jobs, 28129 amie designs World War Il and aftermath (1939-1944) [After the French capitulation in 1940, Louis Renault refused to produce tanks for Nazi Germany, which took control of his factories. As Renault was manufacturing the Renault UE tank forthe Allies, he produced trucks instead. On 3 March 1942, the British Royal Air Force (RAF) launched 235 low-level bombers at the fle Seguin, Billancourt, Paris plant, the largest number aimed ata single target during the war.) 460 metric tons (450 long tons; 510 short tons) of bombs were dropped on the plant and the surrounding area, causing extensive damage along with heavy civilian casualties.!4') Renault resolved to rebuild the factory as quickly as possible, but bombardments continued a year later, on 4 April, this time delivered by the Americans, and on 3 and 15 September 1943.44 A few weeks after the Liberation of Paris, at the start of September 1944, the factory gates at Renault's Billancourt plant reopened.!44| Operations restarted slowly, in an atmosphere poisoned by plotting and political conspiraey.!44) In 1936, the Billancourt factory had been the scene of violent political and industrial unrest that had surfaced under Léon Blum’s Popular Front government. The political jostling and violence that followed liberation ostensibly reflected the rivalries between capitalist collaboration and communist resistance; many of the scores settled predated the invasion." Responding tothe chaotic situation at Renault, a 27 September 1944 meeting ofthe Council of Ministers (6) took place under de Gaulle's presidency. Postwar European poites had quickly become polarised between communists and anti-communists, and in France de Gaulle was keen to resist Communist Party attempts to monopolse the political dividends available to resistance ‘heroes: politically Billancourt was a communist stronghold. The government decided to "requisition" the Renault factories.($") 4 week later, on 4 October, Pierre Lefaucheux, a resistance leader with a background in engineering and top-level management, .was appointed provisional administrator ofthe firm, assuming his responsibilities at once. Meanwhile, the provisional government accused Louis Renault of collaborating with the Germans. n the frenzied atmosphere of those early post-liberation days, with many wild accusations, Renault was advised by his lawyers to present himself to a judge. He appeared before Judge Maree! Martin, on 22 September 1944/4) and was arrested on 23 September 1944, as were several other French automobile-industry leaders.(4*! Renault's harsh handling of the 1936-1938 strikes had left him without political allies and no one came to his aid) tHe was incarcerated at Fresnes prison where he died on 24 October 1944 under unclear circumstances +! while avcaiting trial 42134 ritps:en wikipedia orghwikiReenault 4136 ani2p24, 12:13 PM Renault - Wikipedia On 1 Janvary 1945, by de Gaulle's decree, the company was posthumously expropriated from Louis Renault. On 16 January 11945, it was formally nationalised as Régie Nationale des Usines Renault.) Renault's were the only factories permanently expropriated by the French government.) In subsequent years, the Renault family tried to have the nationalisation rescinded by French courts and receive compensation. In 1945, and again in 1961, the Courts responded that they had no authority to review the government's actions. {891 Postwar resurgence (1945-1971) Under the leadership of Pierre Lefaucheux, Renault experienced both a commercial resurgence and labor unrest, that was to continue into the 1980s. In the early 1950s, Renault assembled at least two models; "Standard Saloon” and "De Luxe Saloon” in England.) In secrecy during the war, Louis Renault had developed the rear_engine 4CVM7] which was subsequently launched under Lefacheux in 1946. Renault debuted its flagship model, the largely conventional 2-litre 4- ensured its production until 1961. Renault Frbgae, 1 After the success of the 4CV, Lefacheux continued to defy the postwar French Ministry of Industrial Production, which had wanted to convert Renault solely to truck manufacture, by directing the development of its successor. He oversaw the prototyping of the Dauphine (until his death), enlisting the help of artist Paule Marrot in pioneering the company’s textile and color division. ‘The Dauphine sold well as the company expanded production and sales further abroad, including Africa and North America.#9] The Dauphine sold well initially in the US, although it subsequently became outdated against inereased competition, including ftom the country's nascent domestic compacts such as the Chevrolet Corvair. Renault also sold the Renault Caravelle roadster, which was called the Floride outside North America. During the 19505, Renault absorbed two small French LW heavy vehicle manufacturers (Somua and Latil) and in 1955 merged them with its own truck and bus division to form the Société Anonyme de Vohicules Industrels ct

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