PSNM Probality Tutorial 201920

Tutorial Workbook
Probability, Statistics and Numerical Methods
B.E. Semester-IV
CE, IT Branches
Subject Code: CC402B-N
Mathematics Department
LDRP Institute of Technology and

Research
Sector-15, Near KH-5 Circle, Gandhinagar -382015
Constituent College of
Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya

Gandhinagar
Syllabus of Probability, Statistics and Numerical Methods
Course Contain Weightage

Unit Teaching
hours
1 Probability Axioms: Introduction of Basic counting 9 15%

techniques-inclusion and exclusion, Permutations and Com-
binations, Axiomatic Definitions, Conditional probability,
Baye’s theorem.
2 Discrete Random Variables: Random variables, Dis- 7 15%
crete Random Variables, Expected Value, Expectation of
a Function of a Random Variable, Variance, Binomial Dis-
tribution, Poison Distribution.
3 Continuous Random Variables: Introduction, Expec- 7 15%
tation and Variance of Continuous Random Variables, The
Uniform Random Variable, Normal Random Variables.
4 Correlation and Regression: Mean, median, variance, 8 20%
standard deviation, Correlation, Linear Regression and lo-
gistic Regression.
5 Interpolation: IRelation between operators, Interpolation 8 20%
using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae,
central difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal in-
tervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formu-
lae.
6 Numerical Integration: Newton cotes Formula, Trapi- 4 8%
zoidal Formula, , Simpson’s 1/3 , 3/8 formula, Weddles for-
mula, Gaussian Quadrature Formula.
7 Solution of non-linear and Linear equation:Solution 6 12%
of a nonlinear equation: Bisection method, Regula False
Method and Secant methods, Newton’s method, rate of con-
vergence, Gauss-Seidel methods, Gauss Jacobian method.
Total 64 100%
PSNM (CC401B-N) CONTENTS
Contents
1 Unit-I Combinatorial Analysis 4
1.1 Task 1: The Basic Principle of Counting: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Task -2: Permutations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Task -3: Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Task -4: Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Task -5: Conditional probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.6 Task -6: Baye’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.7 Task -7: : Independent Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Unit-III Discrete Random Variables 10

2.1 Task -1: Random Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Task -2: Expected Value and Expectation of a Function of a Random Variables . . . . . . 11
2.3 Task -3: Binomial Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 Task -4: Poison Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3 Unit-IV Continuous Random Variables 14

3.1 Task -1: Continuous Random Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.2 Task -2: Expected value & Variance for Continuous Random Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.3 Task 3: The Uniform Random Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.4 Task 4: Normal Random Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4 Unit-IV Correlation and Regression 18

4.1 Task-1 Correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2 Task -2 Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5 Unit-V Interpolation 20
5.1 Task-1 Relation Between Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.2 Task -2 Newton Gregory Forward and Backward Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3 Task -3 Gauss Forward and Backward Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4 Task -4 Stirling’s and Bessel’s Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.5 Task -5 Lagrange’s and Divided Difference Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6 Unit-VI Numerical Integration 23

6.1 Task -1: Trapezoidal Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.2 Task -2: Simpson’s 13 rule, Simpson’s 38 rule and Weddle’s rule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7 Unit-VII Solution of non-linear and Linear equation 25

7.1 Task -1: Bisection or Bolzano’s Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.2 Task -2 : Regula Falsi Method & Secant Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.3 Task -3: Newton-Raphson Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.4 Task-4: Gauss-Jacobi Method & Gauss-Seidel Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8 Question Bank 27
8.1 Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.2 Numerical Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.3 Roots of Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.4 Linear Algebraic Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 3 Semester-IV, 2020

KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDYALAYA
LDRP Institute of Technology and Research, Gandhinagar
SUBJECT:Probability, Statistics and Numerical Methods (Code: CC402B-N)
B.E. Sem IV (CE, IT Branches)
Unit-I Probability Axioms
1 Unit-I Combinatorial Analysis

1.1 Task 1: The Basic Principle of Counting:
(i) Write the Basic Principle of counting. Suppose a license plate contains two distinct English alphabets
followed by three digits with the first digit not zero. How many different license plates can be printed?
(ii) How many four digit numbers can be formed using 1,2,4,6,8? (Repetition of digit is not allowed)
(iii) How many four letter words (with or without meaning or dictionary occurrence and without repe-
tition of letter) can be formed using letters of the word KENY? How many of them will have first
letter E?
(iv) How Many three digit even numbers can be formed using digits 0,1,2,. . . 9?
(v) How many three digit numbers are there(repetition is allowed)
(a) which do not contain 2 at (b) which contain 2 at least (c) which contain 2 at most
all ? once? once ?
(vi) How many 5 letter passwords can be generated using first three letters as any of the English alphabets
and last two being any digit from 0 to 9? (repetition is allowed)
(vii) If repetitions are not permitted,
(a) how many 3 digit numbers can be formed from the six digits 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9?
(b) How many of these are less than 400? (d) How many are odd?
(c) Which contain 2 at most once ? (e) How many are multiples of 5?
Answer:
(i) 585000 (iii) 6 (v) (a) 648 (b)252 (vii) (a)120 (b)40 (c) 40
(c) 873 (d) 80(e) 20
(ii) 120 (iv) 328 (vi) 1757600
1.2 Task -2: Permutations

(i) Out of 7 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words containing 3 consonants and 2 vowels can be
formed?
(ii) In how many different ways can the letters of the word ’OPTICAL’ be arranged so that the vowels
always come together?
(iii) How many distinct permutations can be formed from all the letters of each word: (a)them, (b)
unusual, (c) sociological ?
PSNM (CC401B-N) 1 UNIT-I COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS
(iv) In how many different ways can the letters of the word ’MATHEMATICS’ be arranged such that
the vowels must always come together?
(v) A coin is tossed 3 times. Find out the number of possible outcomes
(vi) How many 3 digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9 which are divisible by
5 and none of the digits is repeated?
(vii) In how many ways can a party of 7 persons arrange themselves (i) in a row of 7 chairs? (ii) around
a circular table?
(viii) Find out the number of ways in which 6 rings of different types can be worn in 3 fingers?
(ix) 25 buses are running between two places P and Q. In how many ways can a person go from P to Q
and return by a different bus?
(x) How many 6 digit telephone numbers can be formed if each number starts with 35 and no digit
appears more than once?
Answer:
(i) 25200 (c)9979200 (vi) 20 (ix) 600

(ii) 720 (iv) 120960 (vii) (a)5040 (b)720
(iii) (a)24(b)840 (v) 8 (viii) 729 (x) 1680
1.3 Task -3: Combinations

(i) Define Combinations and A committee of 3 is to be formed from a group of 20 people. How many
different committees are possible?
(ii) From a group of 5 women and 7 men, how many different committees consisting of 2 women and 3
men can be formed? What if 2 of the men are feuding and refuse to serve on the committee together?
(iii) From 10 married couples, we want to select a group of 6 people that is not allowed to contain a
married couple.
(a) How many choices are there?

(b) How many choices are there if the group must also consist of 3 men and 3 women?
(iv) A student is to answer 8 out of 10 questions on an exam.
(a) How many choices has he?

(b) How many if he must answer the first 3 questions?
(c) How many if he must answer at least 4 of the first 5 questions?
(v) Out of 5 mathematicians and 7 physicists, a committee consisting of 2 mathematicians and 3 physi-
cists is to be formed. In how many ways can this be done if
(a) Any mathematician and any physicists can be included

(b) One particular physicist must be on the committee
(c) Two particular mathematicians cannot be on the committee?
(vi) There are 12 boys and 14 girls in math class. Find the number of ways can select a team of 3 students
from the class to work on a group project. The team is to consist of 1 girl and 2 boys.
(vii) In how many ways can a teacher choose one or more students from six eligible students?
(viii) From 7 consonants and 5 vowels, how many words can be formed consisting of 4 different consonants
and 3 different vowels? The word need not have meaning.
Answer:
(i) 1140 (iv) (a)45 (b)21 (c) 35 (vii) 63

(ii) 300 (v) a)350 (b)150 (c)105
(iii) (a)13440 (b)4200 (vi) 924 (viii) 1764000
1.4 Task -4: Probability

(i) Define following terms
(a) Sample Space (b) Sample (c) Event (d) Elementary event
(ii) Let a card be selected at random from an ordinary deck of 52 cards.

Let A = the card is spade and B = the card is face card, that is a jack, queen or king,
What is P (A), P (B) and P (A ∩ B) ?
(iii) Three light bulbs are chosen at random from 15 bulbs of which 5 are defective. Find the probability
that
(a) none is defective, (b) exactly one is defective, (c) at least one is defective
(iv) Six married couples are standing in a room.
(1) If 2 people are chosen at random, find the probability that
(a) They are married, (b) One is male and one is female.
(2) If 4 people are chosen at random, find the probability that
(a) 2 married couples are chosen, (c) exactly one married couple is among the 4.
(b) no married couple is among the 4,
(3) If the 12 people are divided into six pairs, find the probability that
(a) each pair is married, (b) each pair contains a male and a female.
(v) A ball drawn at random from a box containing 6 red ball, 4 white balls and 5 blue balls.
Determine the probability that is
(a) Red (b) White (c) Blue (d) not red (e) red or white
(vi) What is Probability that a number selected at random from the numbers 1,2,3,...,99,100 is a prime?
(vii) A number chosen at random among the first 120 natural numbers. find the probability of number
chosen being a multiple of 5 or 15.
(viii) A problem of mathematics is given to three students whose chances of solving the problem are 13 , 23
and 51 respectively. Find the probability that the question will be solved.

(ix) Out of 600 bolts,20% are too large and 10% are too small. The remanning are considered to be
suitable.If a bolt is selected at random.Find the probability that it will be suitable.
(x) A man and his wife appear for an interview for two posts. The probability of the husband’s selection
is 17 and that of the wife’s selection is 15 .What is the probability that only of them will be selected.
Answer:
(ii) P (A) = 14 , P (B) = 3

13
and P (A ∩ B) = 3
52
(v) (a) 25 ,(b) 4
15
,(c) 31 ,(d) 35 ,(e) 2
3
24 45 67 (vi) 0.25
(iii) (a) 91
(b) 91
(c) 91
1
(vii) 5
1 6
(iv) (1)(a) 11
(b) 11 3
(viii) 5
1 16 16
(2)(a) 33
(b) 33
(c) 33 (ix) 7
10
1 16 2
(3)(a) 10395
(b) 231
(x) 7
1.5 Task -5: Conditional probability

(i) Write definition of conditional probability.A lot of 100 keyboard contain 20 that are defective. Two
keyboards are selected at random, without replacement, from the lot.
(a) What is the probability that the first one selected is defective?
(b) What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that the first one was
defective?
(c) What is the probability that both are defective?
(ii) Two cards are drawn at random from a deck. Find the probability that both are aces.
(iii) Four people, called North, South, East and West, are each dealt 13 cards from an ordinary deck of
52 cards.
(a) If South has no aces, find the probability p that his partner North has exactly two aces.
(b) If North and South together have nine hearts, find the probability p that East and West each
has two hearts.
(iv) Let A and B be events with P (A) = 12 , P (B) = 1

8
and P (A ∩ B) = 1
4
Find (a) P (A/B) (b)P (B/A)
(c) P (A ∪ B) (d) P (Ac /B c ) (e) P (B c /Ac )
(v) A class has 12 boys and 4 girls. If three students are selected at random from the class, what is the
probability that they are all boys?
(vi) A pair of fair dice is thrown. Find the probability that the sum is 10 or greater if
(a) a 5 appears on the first die,

(b) a 5 appears on at least one of the dice.
(vii) In a certain college, 25% of the students failed mathematics, 15% of the students failed chemistry
and 10% of the students failed both mathematics and chemistry. A student is selected at random.
(a) If he failed chemistry, what is the probability that he failed mathematics?

(b) If he failed mathematics, what is the probability that he failed chemistry?

(c) What is the probability that he failed mathematics or chemistry?
(viii) A man is dealt 5 cards one after the other from an ordinary deck of 52 cards. What is the probability
that they are all spades?
Answer:
(i) (a)0.2 (b)0.192 (c)0.0384 (iv) (a) 34 (b) 12 (c) 12

7
(d) 58 (e) 65 (vii) (a) 2
3
(b) 2
5
(c) 3
10
1 11
(ii) 221
(v) 28
z
650
(iii) (a) 2109 (b) 234
575
(vi) (a) 1
3
(b) 3
11
(viii) 33
66640
1.6 Task -6: Baye’s Theorem

(i) Write Baye’s Theorem and Three urns contain 6 green, 4 black; 4 green, 6 black and 5 green, 5 black
balls respectively. Randomly selected an urn and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball drawn is Green
then find the probability that it is drawn from the first urn.
(ii) At a certain university, 4% of men are over 6 feet tall and 1% of women are over 6 feet tall. The
total student population is divided in the ratio 3:2 in favour of women. If a student is selected at
random from among all those over six feet tall, what is the probability that the student is a woman?
(iii) Three boxes A, B and C, contain red and black balls. Box A contains 2 red and 3 black balls, box
B contains 1 red and 4 black balls, and box C contains 3 red balls and 1 black ball. We choose
randomly a box, and from this box we choose randomly one of the balls. Assume that the drawn
ball is red. Find the probability that the ball comes from box A.
(iv) A couple has two children,
(a) the older of which is a boy. What is the probability that they have two boys?
(b) one of which is a boy. What is the probability that they have two boys?
(v) Bag I contains 4 white and 6 black balls while another Bag II contains 4 white and 3 black balls.
One ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and it is found to be black. Find the probability
that it was drawn from Bag I.
(vi) A man is known to speak truth 2 out of 3 times. He throws a die and reports that number obtained
is a four. Find the probability that the number obtained is actually a four.
(vii) A factory production line is manufacturing bolts using three machines, A, B and C. Of the total
output, machine A is responsible for 25%, machine B for 35% and machine C for the rest. It is known
from previous experience with the machines that 5% of the output from machine A is defective, 4%
from machine B and 2% from machine C. A bolt is chosen at random from the production line and
found to be defective. What is the probability that it came from (a) machine A (b) machine B (c)
machine C?
Answer:
2 8 7
(i) 5
(iii) 27
(v) 12
(vii) (a) 0.362 (b) 0.406
3
(c) 0.232
(ii) 11
(iv) (a) 12 (b) 1
3
(vi) 2
7

1.7 Task -7: : Independent Event

(i) A fair die is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting a 4 or 5 on the first toss and a 1, 2, or 3
in the second toss.
(ii) If the probability that person A will be alive in 20 years is 0.7 and the probability that person B will
be alive in 20 years is 0.5, what is the probability that they will both be alive in 20 years?
(iii) Two fair dice, one colored white and one colored red, are thrown. Find the probability that:
(a) the score on the red die is 2 and white die is 5.

(b) the score on the white die is 1 and red die is even.
(iv) If you randomly select two cards from a standard 52-card deck. What is the probability that the
first card is not a face card (a king, queen, or jack) and the second card is a face card if (a) you
replace the first card before selecting the second, and (b) you do not replace the first card?
(v) The probability that A hits a target is 14 and the probability that B hits it is 25 .What is the probability
that the target will be hit if A and B each shoot at the target?
(vi) The probability that a man will live 10 more years is 14 , and the probability that his wife will live 10
more years is 13 . Find the probability that
(a) both will be alive in 10 years, (c) neither will be alive in 10 years,
(b) at least one will be alive in 10 years, (d) only the wife will be alive in 10 years.
Answer:
1 1 1 11
(i) 6
(iii) (a) 36
(b) 12 (v) 20
1
(ii) 0.35 (iv) (a) 0.178 (b) 0.181 (vi) (a) 12
(b) 21 (c) 1
2
(d) 14

PSNM (CC401B-N) 2 UNIT-III DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES

SUBJECT: Probability, Statistics and Numerical Methods (Code: CC402B-N)
Unit-III Discrete Random Variables
2 Unit-III Discrete Random Variables

2.1 Task -1: Random Variables
(i) Define Random Variable and In the experiment of tossing a fair coin three times , the sample space
S1 consists of eight equally likely sample points
S1 = {HHH, HHT, HT H, T HH, HT T, T HT, T T H, T T T }. If X is the random variable giving the
number of heads obtained, find (a) P (X = 2) (b)P (X < 2).
(ii) Consider the experiment of throwing a fair die. Let X be the random variable which assigns 1 if the
number that appears is even and 0 if the number that appears is odd (a) What is the range of X?
(b) Find P(X = 1) and P(X = 0).
(iii) An information source generates symbols at random from. a four-letter alphabet {a, b, c, d} with
Probabilities P (a) = 21 ,P (b) = 14 and P (c) = P (d) = 18 . A coding scheme encodes these symbols into
binary codes as follows:
a 0
b 1 0
c 1 1 0
d 1 1 1
Let X is the random variable denoting the length of the code, that is, the number of binary symbols
(bits).
(a) What is the range of X?

(b) Assuming that the generations of symbols are independent, find the probabilities
(1) P (X = 1) (2)P (X = 2) (3)P (X = 3) (4) P (X > 3).
(iv) Consider the experiment of tossing a coin three times (EX-2 of Task 1). LetX be the random variable
giving the number of heads obtained. We assume that the tosses are independent and the probability
of a head is p.
(a) What is the range of X?

(b) Find the probabilities (1) P (X = 0) (2) P (X = 1) (3) P (X = 2) (4) P (X = 3).
Answer:
(i) a) 38 (b) 1
2
(iii) (a){1,2,3} (b)(1) 1
2
(2) 41 (3) 1
4
(4) 0
(ii) (a)Range = {0, 1} (b)P (X = 1) = 1

2
and (iv) (a){0,1,2,3} (b) (1)(1 − p)3 (2) 3(1 − p)2 p
P (X = 0) = 12 (3) 3(1 − p)p2 (4) p3

2.2 Task -2: Expected Value and Expectation of a Function of a Random

Variables
(i) Write Definition of DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES and PROBABILITY MASS FUNCTIONS
PX (x) and also Write the Formula for X Discrete Random Variable
(a) Mean(or Expected value){Denoted by µX or E(X)}

(b) Moment (nth moment) { Denoted by E(X n )}
(c) Variance {Denoted by V ar(X) orσX
2
}
(d) Standard Deviation { Denoted by σX }
(ii) Suppose a discrete random variable X has the following probability mass functions
PX (1) = 12 PX (2) = 14 PX (3) = 18 PX (4) = 18
(a) Find and sketch the cumulative distribution function (cdf)FX (x) of the random variable X.
(b) Find (i) P (X ≤ 1) (ii) P (1 < X ≤ 3) (iii) P (1 ≤ X ≤ 3)
(iii) Verify that the function PX (x) defined by

{ 1 3 x
( ) x = 0, 1. . .
4 4
PX (x) =
0 Otherwise
probability mass functions of discrete random variable X
Find (1) P (X = 2),(2) P (X ≤ 2),(3) P (X ≥ 1).
(iv) Let a random variable X denote the outcome of throwing a fair die. Find the mean and variance of
X
(v) A coin weighted so that P (H) = 34 and P (T ) = 14 is tossed three times. Let X be the random
variable which denotes the longest string of heads which occurs. Find the distribution, expectation,
variance and standard deviation of X.
(vi) A player tosses two fair coins. He wins 5$ if 2 heads occur, 2$ if 1 head occurs and 1$ if no heads
occur. (i) Find his expected winnings. (ii) How much should he pay to play the game if it is to be
fair?
(vii) Let X denote a random variable that takes on any of the values -1,0,1 with respective probabilities
P {X = −1} = 0.2, P {X = 0} = 0.5, P {X = 1} = 0.3 Compute E[X 2 ].
(viii) A school class of 120 students is driven in 3 buses to a symphonic performance. There are 36 students
in one of the buses, 40 in another, and 44 in the third bus. When the buses arrive, one of the 120
students is randomly chosen. Let X denotes the number of students on the bus of that randomly
chosen student, and find E[X]
Answer:
(i) Write Definition (v) Expectation = 2.1 Variance = 0.8, S.D = 0.9
(ii) (b)(1) 0 (2) 38 (3) 7

8
(vi) (i) 2.50 $
3 63
(iii) (1) 64 (2) 64
(3) 14 (vii) 0.5
7 35
(iv) Mean = 2
, Variance = 12
(viii) 40.2667

2.3 Task -3: Binomial Distribution

(i) A die is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of
(a) No fives turning up? (b) 1 five? (c) 3 fives?
(ii) Hospital records show that of patients suffering from a certain disease, 75% die of it. What is the
probability that of 6 randomly selected patients,4 will recover?
(iii) In the old days, there was a probability of 0.8 of success in any attempt to make a telephone
call. (This often depended on the importance of the person making the call, or the operator’s
curiosity!)Calculate the probability of having 7 successes in 10 attempts.
(iv) A (blindfolded) marksman finds that on the average he hits the target 4 times out of 5. If he fires 4
shots, what is the probability of
(a) more than 2 hits? (b) at least 3 misses? (c) 3 fives?
(v) The ratio of boys to girls at birth in India is quite high at 1.09:1. What proportion of Indian
families with exactly 6 children will have at least 3 boys? (Ignore the probability of multiple births.)
[Interesting and disturbing trivia: In most countries the ratio of boys to girls is about 1.04:1, but in
China it is 1.15:1]
(vi) A manufacturer of metal pistons finds that on the average, 12% of his pistons are rejected because
they are either oversize or undersize. What is the probability that a batch of 10 pistons will contain
(a) no more than 2 rejects? (b) at least 2 rejects?
Answer:
(i) (a)0.5787 (b)0.34722 (iii) 0.20133 (v) 0.69565

(c)4.6296 × 10−3
(ii) 0.0329595 (iv) (a)0.8192 (b) 0.0272 (vi) (a)0.89131 (b)0.34173
2.4 Task -4: Poison Distribution

(i) A life insurance salesman sells on the average 3 life insurance policies per week. Use Poisson’s law
to calculate the probability that in a given week he will sell
(a) Some policies

(b) 2 or more policies but less than 5 policies.
(c) 3 Assuming that there are 5 working days per week, what is the probability that in a given day
he will sell one policy?
(ii) A man was able to complete 3 files a day on an average. Find the probability that he can complete
5 files the next day.
(iii) If three persons, on an average, come to ABC company for job interview, then find the probability
that less than three people have come for interview on a given day.
(iv) A shop sells five pieces of shirt everyday, then what is the probability of selling three shirts today?
(v) There are five students in a class and the number of students who will participate in annual day
every year is a Poisson random variable with mean 3. What will be the probability of more than 3
students participating in annual day this year?
(vi) The deals cracked by an agent per day is a random Poisson variable with mean 2. Given that each
day is independent of other day, find the probability of getting 2 deals cracked on first day and 1
deal to be cracked the next day.
(vii) Suppose a fast food restaurant can expect two customers every 3 minutes, on average. What is the
probability that four or fewer patrons will enter the restaurant in a 9 minute period?
Answer:
(i) (a)0.95021 (b)0.61611 (iii) 0.42319008113 (vi) 0.54134113295

(c) 0.32929
(iv) 0.00701869
(ii) 0.1008 approximately. (v) 0.268850169 (vii) 0.285

PSNM (CC401B-N) 3 UNIT-IV CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES

SUBJECT:Probability, Statistics and Numerical Methods (Code: CC402B-N)
Unit-IV Continuous Random Variables
3 Unit-IV Continuous Random Variables

3.1 Task -1: Continuous Random Variables
(i) Define, (i) Continuous random variable (ii) Probability density function
Suppose{that X is a continuous random variable whose probability density function is given by
C(4x − 2x2 ) , 0 < x < 2
f (x) =
0 , Otherwise
(a) What is the value of C?

(b) Find P X > 1.
(ii) The amount of time in hours that a computer functions before breaking down is a continuous random
variable{with probability density function given by
−x
λe 100 x ≥ 0
f (x) = , What is the probability that
0 x<0
(a) A computer will function between 50 and 150 hours before breaking down?
(b) It will function for fewer than 100 hours?
(iii) Let X be{ a continuous random variable X with probability density function (pdf)
kx ; 0 < x < 1
f (x) = , Where k is a constant.
0 ; Otherwise
(a) Determine the value of k and sketch f (x)

(b) Find and sketch the corresponding Cumulative distribution function (cdf) f(x)
(c) Find P (1/4 < X ≤ 2).
(iv) : Suppose the income (in tens of thousands of dollars)

{ of−2people in a community can be approximated
2x ;x ≥ 2
by a continuous distribution with density f (x) =
0 ;x < 2
(a) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person has an income between Rs. 30,000 and
Rs. 50,000.
(b) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person has an income of at least Rs. 60,000.
(c) Find the probability that a randomly chosen person has an income of at most Rs. 40,000.
(v) Let X be{ a continuous random variable with the following probability density function( PDF)
−x
ce x≥0
f (x) = , Where c is a positive constant.
0 Otherwise
(a) Find c. (c) Find P (1 < X < 3)
(b) Find the CDF of X, FX (x)

Answer:
3 1 4
(i) (a)C = 8
(b) 2
(iv) (a) 15
(b) 31 (c) 12
{
(ii) (a) 0.384 (b) 0.633 (1 − e−x x≥0
(v) (a)c = 1 ,(b) f (x) =
0 Otherwise
(iii) (a) k = 2 (b) 15
16
(c)e−1 − e−3
3.2 Task -2: Expected value & Variance for Continuous Random Variable
(i) Write the definition Formula for X: Continuous Random Variable
(a) Mean(or Expected value){Denoted by µX or E(X)}

(b) Moment (nth moment) { Denoted by E(X n )}
(c) Variance {Denoted by V ar(X) orσX
2
}
(d) Standard Deviation { Denoted by σX }
{
2x ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
(ii) Find E[X] when the density function of X is f (x) =
0 ; Otherwise
(iii) Suppose a train arrives shortly after 1:00 PM each day, and that the number of minutes after 1:00
that the{train arrives can be modeled as a continuous random variable with density
2(1 − x) ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
f (x) =
0 ; Otherwise
Find the mean and standard deviation of the number of minutes after 1:00 that the train arrives.
{ 2
cx ; |x| ≤ 1
(iv) Let X be a random variable with PDF given by f (x) =
0 ; Otherwise
(a) Find the constant c.

(b) Find E(X) and V ar(X).
(c) Find P (X ≥ 12)
{ 3
x4
x≥1
(v) Let X be a continuous random variable with PDF f (x) =
0 Otherwise
Find the mean and variance of X.
(vi) For a given teller in a bank, let X denote the proportion of time, out {of a 40 hour work week, that
3x2 ; 0 ≤ x ≥ 1
he is directly serving customers. Suppose X has pdf given by f (x) =
0 ; Otherwise
(a) Find the mean proportion of time that the teller spends directly serving the customers.
(b) Find the variance of the proportion of time that the teller spends directly serving the customers.
{
1 ;0 ≤ x ≥ 1
(vii) The density function of X is given by f (x) =
0 ; Otherwise
Find E[eX ].

Answer:
3 3
(i) Write the definition (v) mean = 2
and Var[x]= 4
2
(ii) 3 3
(vi) expected value = 4
Variance = 0.0375
1
(iii) mean = 3
and S.D = 0.24
3 3 7
(iv) (a) 2
(b) E(X) = 0 V ar(X) = 5
(c) 16
(vii) e–1
3.3 Task 3: The Uniform Random Variable

(i) Define Uniform random variable and Probability density function(Uniform random variable) in
(0, 1)and (α, β) Let X be uniformly distributed over (α, β). Find (a) E[X] and (b) V ar(X).
(ii) if X is uniformly distributed with mean 1 and variance 4

3
find P (X ≤ 0)
(iii) Subway trains on a certain line run every half hour between mid night and six in the morning. What
is probability that a man entering the station at a random time during this period will have to wait
at least twenty minutes ?
(iv) You arrive at a bus stop at 10 o’clock, knowing that the bus will arrive at some time uniformly
distributed between 10 and 10:30.
(a) What is the probability that you will have to wait longer than 10 minutes?
(b) If at 10:15 the bus has not yet arrived, what is the probability that you will have to what at
least an additional 10 minutes?
(v) Buses arrive at a specified stop at 15-minute intervals starting at 7 A.M. That is, they arrive at 7,
7:15, 7:30, 7:45, and so on. If a passenger arrives at the stop at a time that is uniformly distributed
between 7 and 7:30, find the probability that he waits
(a) less than 5 minutes for a bus

(b) more than 10 minutes for a bus
(vi) The continuous random variable X is uniformly distributed over the interval [−4, 6]
(a) Write down mean of X

(b) Find P (X ≤ 2.4)
(c) Find P (−3 < X − 5 < 3)
(vii) The continuous random variable Y is uniformly distributed over the interval [a, 4a]
(a) Use integration to show that E(Y 2 ) = 7a2

(b) Find V ar(Y )
(c) Given that P (X < 83 ) = P (Y < 38 ), Find the value of a
Answer:
β+α (β−α)2 1
(i) :(a)E(x) = 2
(b)V ar(x) = 12
(iv) (a) 3
(b) 13
1
(ii) 4
(v) (a) mean = 1 (b) 0.64 (c)0.4
1
(iii) 3
(vi) (a) 7a2 (b) 34 a2

3.4 Task 4: Normal Random Variables

(i) Define Normal random variable and Probability density function(Uniform random variable) Find
E[X] and V ar(X) when X is a normal random variable with parameters µ and σ 2 .
(ii) Most graduate schools of business require applicants for admission to take the Graduate Management
Admission Council’s GMAT examination. Scores on the GMAT are roughly normally distributed
with a mean of 527 and a standard deviation of 112.
(a) What is the probability of an individual scoring above 500 on the GMAT?
(b) How high must an individual score on the GMAT in order to score in the highest 5%?
(iii) The average number of acres burned by forest and range fires in a large New Mexico county is 4,300
acres per year, with a standard deviation of 750 acres. The distribution of the number of acres
burned is normal.
(a) What is the probability that between 2,500 and 4,200 acres will be burned in any given year?
(b) What number of burnt acres corresponds to the 38th percentile?
(iv) If X is a normal random variable with parameters µ = 3 and σ 2 = 9, find (a) P (2 < X < 5);
(b) P (X > 0); (c) P (|X − 3| > 6).
(v) An expert witness in a paternity suit testifies that the length (in days) of human gestation is ap-
proximately normally distributed with parameters µ = 270 and σ 2 = 100. The defendant in the suit
is able to prove that he was out of the country during a period that began 290 days before the birth
of the child and ended 240 days before the birth. If the defendant was, in fact, the father of the
child, what is the probability that the mother could have had the very long or very short gestation
indicated by the testimony?
(vi) Let X be a random variable with the standard normal distribution ϕ using Table . Find the proba-
bility
(a) P (0 ≤ X ≤ 1.42) (e) P (−1.79 ≤ X ≤ −0.54)

(b) P (−0.73 ≤ X ≤ 0)
(f) P (X ≥ 1.13)
(c) P (−1.37 ≤ X ≤ 2.01)
(d) P (0.65 ≤ X ≤ 1.26) (g) P (|X| ≤ 0.5)
(vii) The average speed of a car is 65 kmph with a standard deviation of 4. Find the probability that the
speed is less than 60 kmph.
(viii) The average score of a statistics test for a class is 85 and standard deviation is 10. Find the probability
of a random score falling between 75 and 95.
Answer:
(i) As per Example (v) 0.0241
(ii) (a)0.5948 (b)711.24 (vi) (a) 0.4222 (b)0.2673 (c)0.8925 (d) 0.1540
(e) 0.2579 (f)0.1292 (g) 0.3830
(iii) (a)0.4401 (b)4067.5 (vii) 0.1056
(iv) (a) 0.3779 (b) 0.8413 (c) 0.0456 (viii) 0.8185

PSNM (CC401B-N) 4 UNIT-IV CORRELATION AND REGRESSION

Unit-IV Correlation and Regression
4 Unit-IV Correlation and Regression

4.1 Task-1 Correlation
(i) Find the correlation coefficient between the serum diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol
levels of 10 randomly selected data of 10 persons.
person 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cholesterol 307 259 341 317 274 416 267 320 274 336
Diastolic B.P. 80 75 90 74 75 110 70 85 88 78
(ii) Find the correlation coefficient between the sales and expenses of the following 10 firms.(figures in
thousands)
Firms 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sales 50 50 55 60 65 65 65 60 60 50
Expenses 11 13 14 16 16 15 15 14 13 13
(iii) Find the coefficient of correlation between the Intelligence Ratio(I.R.) and Emotional Ratio(E.R)from
the following data.
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I.R. 105 104 102 101 100 99 98 96 93 92
E.R. 101 103 100 98 95 96 104 92 97 94
(iv) Two judges in a beauty contest rank the 12 contestants as follows
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
y 12 19 6 10 3 5 4 7 8 2 11 1
What degree of agreement is there between the judges? Using Spearman’s rank Correlation Method.
(v) 10 competition in a musical test were ranked by three judges in following order
1st Judge 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
2nd Judge 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
3rd Judge 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
Using Spearman’s rank Correlation Method to determine which pair of judges has the nearest ap-
proach to common linking in music.
Answer:
(i) r = 0.809 (iv) r = -0.454

(ii) r = 0.786
(iii) r = 0.5963 (v) r1 = −0.21, r2 = 0.64, r3 = −0.296

PSNM (CC401B-N) 4 UNIT-IV CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
4.2 Task -2 Regression

(i) Following tables gives the data on rainfall and discharge in a certain river. obtain the line of regres-
sion of y on x.
Rainfall(inches) 1.53 1.78 2.60 2.95 3.42

Discharge(1000 cc) 33.5 36.5 40 45.8 53.5
(ii) The amount of chemical compound y, which were dissolved in 100 grams of water at various tem-
perature, x were recorded as follows:
x(C ◦ ) 15 15 30 30 45 45 60 60
y(grams) 12 10 25 21 31 33 44 39
Find the line of regression of y on x and estimate the amount of chemical that will dissolve in
100 grams of water at 50◦ .
(iii) The two regression equation of the variable x and y are x = 19.13 − 0.87y and y = 11.64 − 0.5x.
Find (a) Mean of x’s and y’s (b) The correlation coefficient between x and y .
(iv) Obtain the line of regression of monthly sales(Y) on advertisement expenditure(X) and estimate the
monthly sales when the company will spent Rs. 50,000 on advertisement, if the data on Y and X as
follows .
Y (in Lac) 74 76 60 68 79 70 71 94
X(in thousand) 43 44 36 38 47 40 41 54
(v) Obtain the line of regression of Y on X for the following data.
Age(in years) 66 38 56 42 72 36 63 47 55 45
Blood Pressure Y 145 124 147 125 160 118 149 128 150 124
Estimate the blood pressure of a man whose age is 50 year.
Answer:
(i) y = 9.76x − 17.15 (iv) y = 1.725x + 4.03 and y = 90,28,000.

(ii) y = 0.6726x + 1.65
(iii) (a)x̄=15.93, ȳ=11.64 (b) r = 0.6595 (v) y = 3.629x − 51.708 and y = 129.74

PSNM (CC401B-N) 5 UNIT-V INTERPOLATION

Unit-V Interpolation
5 Unit-V Interpolation
5.1 Task-1 Relation Between Operators
(i) Prove that (1 + ∆)(1 − ∇) = 1 (iv) Prove that ∆∇ = (∆ − ∇)
(ii) Prove that δ = 2 sinh( hD

2
) (v) Prove that ∆ = E∇ = ∇E
∆f (x) ∇
(iii) Prove that ∆ log(f (x)) = log(1 + f (x)
) (vi) Prove that ∆ + ∇ = ∆
∇
− ∆
(vii) Find the missing term in the following tables.
x 0 1 2 3 4 x 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

(a) (b)
y 1 3 9 ? 81 y 0.135 y2 0.111 0.100 y5 0.082 0.074
Answer:
(vii) (a) 31 (b) y2 = 0.123, y5 = 0.090
5.2 Task -2 Newton Gregory Forward and Backward Interpolation

(i) Find value of sin(52◦ ) from the following table
θ◦ 45◦ 50◦ 55◦ 60◦

sin(θ◦ ) 0.7071 0.7660 0.8192 0.8660
(ii) Compute cosh(0.56) using Newton’s forward difference formula from following data
x 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

f (x) = cosh(x) 1.127626 1.185465 1.255169 1.337435
(iii) From the following data, find the number of person earning weekly wages between 100 and 110 rupees.
Wages in Rs. Below 80 80-100 100-120 120-140 140-160

No. of person in thousand 250 120 100 70 50
(iv) Find value of y for x = 21 and x = 28 from the following data.
x 20 23 26 29
y 0.3420 0.3907 0.4384 0.4848
(v) The area A of a circle of diameter d is given for the following values and calculate the area of a circle
of a diameter of 105 units using Newton’s backward formula.
d 80 85 90 95 100
A 5026 5674 6362 7088 7854

Answer:
(i) 0.7880 (iv) x = 21, y = 0.3583

x = 28, y = 0.4695
(ii) 1.1609442
(iii) 52,655 thousand (v) 8666
5.3 Task -3 Gauss Forward and Backward Interpolation

(i) Using the Gauss’s forward formula to get f (6.5) for following data.
x 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

f (x) 14.141 12.043 10.223 8.647 7.260 6.045
(ii) Using Gauss’s backward interpolation formula, find the population of the year 1986 for following data.
Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Population (in thousand) 14 17 32 43 60 95
(iii) Use Gauss’s forward interpolation formula to find y(3.3) from the following data.
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 15.3 15.1 15 14.5 14
(iv) Find y(2.36) from the following table by using Gauss’s Backward formula.
x 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6

y 4.95 6.05 7.39 9.03 11.02 13.46
(v) From the following table, find y when x = 38.
x 30 35 40 45 50
y 15.9 14.9 14.1 13.3 12.5
Answer:
(i) 9.4074449 (iii) 14.8912 (v) 14.4133

(ii) 37.9843 ≈ 38, 000 (iv) 10.5892
5.4 Task -4 Stirling’s and Bessel’s Interpolation

(i) Using the Stirling’s interpolation formula to get tan(16◦ ) for following data.
x 0◦ 5◦ 10◦ 15◦ 20◦ 25◦ 30◦

f (x) = tan x 0 0.0875 0.1763 0.2679 0.3640 0.4663 0.5774
(ii) Using Stirling’s interpolation formula , to compute y(35) from the following data.
x 20 30 40 50
y 512 439 346 243
(iii) Use Bessel’s interpolation formula to find y(25) from the following data.
x 20 24 28 32
y 2854 3162 3544 3992
(iv) Find y(3.75) from the following table by using Bessel’s interpolation formula.
x 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

y 24.145 22.043 20.225 18.644 17.262 16.047
Answer:
(i) 0.2867 (ii) 394.6875 (iii) 3250.875 (iv) 19.407
5.5 Task -5 Lagrange’s and Divided Difference Interpolation

(i) Determine the interpolating polynomial of degree three using Lagrange’s interpolation for the fol-
lowing table.
x -1 0 1 3
y 2 1 0 -1
(ii) Use Lagrange’s formula to fit a polynomial to the data given below .
x -1 0 2 3
y 8 3 1 12
3x2 −12x+12
(iii) Express the function (x−1)(x−2)(x−3)
as a sum of partial fraction using Lagrange’s formula.
(iv) Compute f (8) from the following table by using Newton’s divided difference formula.
x 4 5 7 10 11 13
y 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
(v) Using Newton’s divided difference interpolation formula compute f (9.2) from the following data.
x 8.0 9.0 9.5 11.0

f (x) 2.079442 2.197275 2.251292 2.397895
Answer:
(i) y = 1
24
(x3 − 25x + 24) (iv) 448
(ii) y = 16 (4x3 + 4x2 − 30x + 18)
3x2 −12x+12 1 1 1
(iii) (x−1)(x−2)(x−3)
= x−1
+ x−2
+ x−3 (v) 2.219208

PSNM (CC401B-N) 6 UNIT-VI NUMERICAL INTEGRATION

Unit-VI Numerical Integration
6 Unit-VI Numerical Integration

6.1 Task -1: Trapezoidal Rule
∫1
(i) State Trapezoidal rule with n = 10 and evaluate ex dx.
0
∫1
e−x dx using trapezoidal rule with h = 0.1
2
(ii) Evaluate
0
∫1 1
(iii) Evaluate 1+x2
dx using trapezoidal rule with h = 0.2
0
∫2
(iv) Use trapezoidal rule to evaluate √ x dx dividing the interval into four equal parts.
2+x2
0
(v) Find the area bounded by the curve y = f (x) and the x − axis from x = 7.47 to x = 7.52 from the
following table by trapezoidal rule.
x 7.47 7.48 7.49 7.50 7.51 7.52

f (x) 1.93 1.95 1.98 2.01 2.03 2.06
Answer:
(i) 1.7196 (ii) 0.7462 (iii) 0.78368 (iv) 1.0233 (v) 0.0996
1 3
6.2 Task -2: Simpson’s 3 rule, Simpson’s 8 rule and Weddle’s rule.
∫6 1 1
(i) Evaluate 1+x
dx, using Simpson’s 3
by taking h = 1.
0
3
∫1 1
(ii) Using Simpson’s 8
rule evaluate 1+x2
dx by taking h = 16 .
0
3
∫3 1
(iii) Using Simpson’s 8
rule evaluate 1+x
dx by taking n = 6 and hence calculate log 2.
0
∫6 3 1
(iv) Evaluate the (1 + x2 ) 2 dx by Simpson’s 3
rule with taking 6 sub intervals. Use four digits after
−2
the decimal point for calculations.
∫π sin2 x 3
(v) Evaluate 5+4 cos(x)
dx by using Simpson’s 8
rule.
0
∫6 1
(vi) Evaluate 1+x2
dx using Weddle rule with n = 6.
0

PSNM (CC401B-N) 6 UNIT-VI NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
∫
5.2
(vii) Evaluate log(x) dx using Weddle rule with n = 6.
4
Answer:
(i) 1.95853 (ii) 0.78536 (iii) 1.3887 (iv) 360.228 (v) 0.40219 (vi) 1.3735 (vii) 1.8278

PSNM (CC401B-N) 7 UNIT-VII SOLUTION OF NON-LINEAR AND LINEAR EQUATION

Unit-VII Solution of non-linear and Linear equation
7 Unit-VII Solution of non-linear and Linear equation

7.1 Task -1: Bisection or Bolzano’s Method
(i) Find a real root of the equation x3 − 4x − 9 = 0 using the bisection method correct upto 4 decimal
place.
(ii) Using the bisection method to obtain the root of the equation f (x) = x3 − x − 1 correct up to four
decimal place.
(iii) Find the positive root of x − cos(x) = 0 correct upto three decimal places by bisection method.
(iv) Using the bisection method to obtain the root of the equation f (x) = cos(x) − xex = 0 correct upto
two decimal place.
(v) Find a real root of the equation x3 − 5x + 3 = 0 using the bisection method correct upto 4 decimal
place.
Answer:
(i) 2.7065 (ii) 1.3247 (iii) 0.739 (iv) 0.51 (v) 0.6566
7.2 Task -2 : Regula Falsi Method & Secant Method

(i) Compute the real root of f (x) = x − 2 sin(x) = 0 correct upto 6 decimal places using Regula Falsi
Method.
(ii) Solve xex − 1 = 0 correct upto three decimal places by using Regula Falsi Method
(iii) Find the approximate root of x3 − 2x − 1 = 0, using Regula Falsi Method correct upto three decimal
places.
(iv) Find the root of x log10 (x) − 1.9 = 0, correct upto three decimal places with x0 = 3 and x1 = 4
(v) Find the root of cos(x) − xex = 0, correct upto three decimal places.
Answer:
(i) 1.8954942 (ii) 0.5660 (iii) 1.6181 (iv) 3.4952 (v) 0.5178

PSNM (CC401B-N) 7 UNIT-VII SOLUTION OF NON-LINEAR AND LINEAR EQUATION
7.3 Task -3: Newton-Raphson Method

(i) Compute the real root of f (x) = x4 − x3 + 10x + 7 = 0 correct upto three decimal places between -2
and -1 using Newton-Raphson method.
(ii) Solve x3 + x − 1 = 0 correct upto 6 decimal places by Newton-Raphson method.
(iii) Find the root of x − cos(x) = 0 correct upto three decimal places by Newton-Raphson method.
(iv) Find the root of x = e−x , correct upto four decimal places using Newton-Raphson starting with
x0 = 0.6.
√ √
(v) Using Newton-Raphson method find an iterative formula to find N and hence find 5.
Answer:
(i) -1.4536 (ii) 0.6823278 (iii) 0.7391 (iv) 0.58853 (v) 2.2361
7.4 Task-4: Gauss-Jacobi Method & Gauss-Seidel Method

(i) Solve the following system of equations by 2x + 6y + 54z = 110
Gauss-Jacobi Method. 27x + 6y − z = 85
10x + y + z = 6 6x + 15y + 2z = 72
x + 10y + z = 6
x + y + 10z = 6 (iv) Solve the following system of equations by
Gauss-Seidel Method.
(ii) Solve the following system of equations by 10x + y + z = 12
Gauss-Jacobi Method. 2x + 10y + z = 13
20x + 2y + z = 30 2x + 2y + 10z = 14
x − 40y − 3z = −75
2x − y + 10z = 30 (v) Solve the following system of equations by
Gauss-Seidel Method.
(iii) Solve the following system of equations by 100y + 130z = 230
Gauss-Seidel Method correct up to three deci- −40x + 150y − 100z = 0
mal places. 60x − 4y = 200
Answer:
(i) x = y = z = 0.5 (iv) x = y = z = 1

(ii) x = 1.18, y = 1.85, z = 2.93
(iii) x = 2.422, y = 3.580, z = 1.881 (v) x = 5.9471, y = 4.7759, z = 5.443

PSNM (CC401B-N) 8 QUESTION BANK
8 Question Bank
8.1 Interpolation
1. Find value of sin(58◦ ) from the following table
θ◦ 45◦ 50◦ 55◦ 60◦

sin(θ◦ ) 0.7071 0.7660 0.8192 0.8660
2. Compute cosh(0.77) using Newton’s Backward difference formula from following data
x 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

f (x) = cosh(x) 1.127626 1.185465 1.255169 1.337435
3. Using the Newton’s forward formula to get f (4.5) for following data.
x 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

f (x) 14.141 12.043 10.223 8.647 7.260 6.045
4. Use interpolation formula to find y(1.8) from the following data.
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 15.3 15.1 15 14.5 14
5. Compute cosh(0.66) using Gauss’s forward difference formula from following data
x 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

f (x) = cosh(x) 1.127626 1.185465 1.255169 1.337435
6. Find value of y for x = 23.5 by Gauss’s forward and x = 23.85 by Gauss’s backward from the
following data.
x 20 23 26 29
y 0.3420 0.3907 0.4384 0.4848
7. Find y(2.66) from the following table by using Gauss’s Backward formula.
x 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6

y 4.95 6.05 7.39 9.03 11.02 13.46
8. Using the Stirling’s interpolation formula to get tan(18◦ ) for following data.
x 0◦ 5◦ 10◦ 15◦ 20◦ 25◦ 30◦

f (x) = tan x 0 0.0875 0.1763 0.2679 0.3640 0.4663 0.5774
9. Use Bessel’s interpolation formula to find y(27) from the following data.
x 20 24 28 32
y 2854 3162 3544 3992
10. Using Stirling’s interpolation formula , to compute y(38) from the following data.
x 20 30 40 50
y 512 439 346 243
11. Determine the interpolating polynomial of degree three using Lagrange’s interpolation for the fol-
lowing table.
x -2 1 0 3
y 2 1 0 -1
12. Determine the interpolating polynomial of degree three using Lagrange’s interpolation for the fol-
lowing table.
x 1 1 2 4
y -2 1 0 1
13. Compute f (12) from the following table by using Newton’s divided difference formula.
x 4 5 7 10 11 13
y 48 100 294 900 1210 2028
8.2 Numerical Integration

∫1
1. Evaluate e−x dx using trapezoidal rule with h = 0.2
0
∫1 1
2. Evaluate 1+x2
dx using trapezoidal rule with n = 6
0
∫6 1 1
3. Evaluate 1+x2
dx, using Simpson’s 3
by taking h = 0.5.
0
3
∫1 1
4. Using Simpson’s 8
rule evaluate 1+x
dx taking h = 17 .
0
3
∫3 1
5. Using Simpson’s 8
rule evaluate 1+x
dx taking n = 6.
0
∫6 3 1
6. Evaluate the (1 + x) 2 dx by Simpson’s 3
rule with taking 8 sub intervals.
−2
∫π cos2 x 3
7. Evaluate 5+4 sin(x)
dx by using Simpson’s 8
rule.
0
∫6 1
8. Evaluate 1+x3
dx using Weddle rule with n = 6.
0
∫
5.2
9. Evaluate log(x2 + 1) dx using Weddle rule with n = 6.
4
∫1 1
10. Evaluate 1+x2
dx, by the Gaussian formula with one point, two point and three points.
0
∫1 3
11. Evaluate ex dx, by the Gaussian formula with n = 3.
0

8.3 Roots of Equation

1. Using the bisection method to obtain the root of the equation f (x) = x3 − 7x + 3 correct up to three
decimal place.
2. Find the positive root of 2 sin(x) − x = 0 correct upto three decimal places by bisection method.
3. Find a real root between 0 and 1 of the equation e−x − x = 0 correct up to three decimal places by
bisection method.
4. Solve the equation x tan(x) = −1 starting with x0 = 2.5 and x1 = 3 correct up to three decimal
places by secant method.
5. Find the root of the equation cos(x) − xex = 0 correct upto three decimal places by Regula Falsi
Method.
6. Find the root of x4 − x − 10 = 0 correct upto three decimal places by Newton-Raphson method.
7. Find the real root of x log10 (x) − 1.2 = 0 correct upto three decimal places by Newton-Raphson
method.
8. Find the real root of x sin(x) + cos(x) = 0 correct upto four decimal places near x = π by Newton-
Raphson method.
√ √ √ √
9. Derive the iteration formula for N and hence find (i) 28 (ii) 65 (iii) 3 correct up three
decimal places.
10. Find the approximation root of the equation x3 + x2 − 3x − 3 = 0 up to five decimal places by secant
method.
8.4 Linear Algebraic Equations

1. Solve the following system of equations by Jacobi Method.
11x + 2y + 3z = 5
2x + 10y + 2z = 6
3x + 2y + 10z = 4
2. Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-Seidel Method.

20x + 3y + 4z = 15
2x − 40y − z = 5
x − 2y + 10z = 3
3. Solve the following system of equations by Gauss-Seidel Method correct up to three decimal places.
3x + y + 54z = 10
27x + y − z = 8
6x + 15y + z = 2

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Probability, Statistics and Numerical Methods

LDRP Institute of Technology and

Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya

Course Contain Weightage

1 Probability Axioms: Introduction of Basic counting 9 15%

2 Unit-III Discrete Random Variables 10

3 Unit-IV Continuous Random Variables 14

4 Unit-IV Correlation and Regression 18

6 Unit-VI Numerical Integration 23

7 Unit-VII Solution of non-linear and Linear equation 25

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 3 Semester-IV, 2020

1 Unit-I Combinatorial Analysis

(v) How many three digit numbers are there(repetition is allowed)

(vii) If repetitions are not permitted,

1.2 Task -2: Permutations

(i) 25200 (c)9979200 (vi) 20 (ix) 600

1.3 Task -3: Combinations

(a) How many choices are there?

(iv) A student is to answer 8 out of 10 questions on an exam.

(a) How many choices has he?

(a) Any mathematician and any physicists can be included

(i) 1140 (iv) (a)45 (b)21 (c) 35 (vii) 63

1.4 Task -4: Probability

(ii) Let a card be selected at random from an ordinary deck of 52 cards.

(iv) Six married couples are standing in a room.

(1) If 2 people are chosen at random, ﬁnd the probability that

(2) If 4 people are chosen at random, ﬁnd the probability that

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 6 Semester-IV, 2020

(ii) P (A) = 14 , P (B) = 3

1.5 Task -5: Conditional probability

(iv) Let A and B be events with P (A) = 12 , P (B) = 1

(a) a 5 appears on the ﬁrst die,

(a) If he failed chemistry, what is the probability that he failed mathematics?

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 7 Semester-IV, 2020

(c) What is the probability that he failed mathematics or chemistry?

(i) (a)0.2 (b)0.192 (c)0.0384 (iv) (a) 34 (b) 12 (c) 12

1.6 Task -6: Baye’s Theorem

(iv) A couple has two children,

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 8 Semester-IV, 2020

1.7 Task -7: : Independent Event

(a) the score on the red die is 2 and white die is 5.

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 9 Semester-IV, 2020

KADI SARVA VISHWAVIDYALAYA

2 Unit-III Discrete Random Variables

(a) What is the range of X?

(a) What is the range of X?

(ii) (a)Range = {0, 1} (b)P (X = 1) = 1

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 10 Semester-IV, 2020

2.2 Task -2: Expected Value and Expectation of a Function of a Random

(a) Mean(or Expected value){Denoted by µX or E(X)}

(iii) Verify that the function PX (x) deﬁned by

(ii) (b)(1) 0 (2) 38 (3) 7

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 11 Semester-IV, 2020

2.3 Task -3: Binomial Distribution

(a) No fives turning up? (b) 1 five? (c) 3 fives?

(a) more than 2 hits? (b) at least 3 misses? (c) 3 ﬁves?

(a) no more than 2 rejects? (b) at least 2 rejects?

(i) (a)0.5787 (b)0.34722 (iii) 0.20133 (v) 0.69565

2.4 Task -4: Poison Distribution

(a) Some policies

(i) (a)0.95021 (b)0.61611 (iii) 0.42319008113 (vi) 0.54134113295

LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar 13 Semester-IV, 2020