ferent ea crest ede Answers Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 1 one-one 2 many-one 3 one-one 4 one-one 5 one-one 6 one-one 7 one-one 8 one-many Exercise 1.2 1 1,2,3,4,5,6and7 2 aT 4 5 fo) =5 6 fa) = 5 7 fe) <10 8 fa) = 3 Exercise 1.3 19 2 51 3 6% 41 5 67 12 x=Sore=4 Bafe bef cg af Exercise 1.4 g 16,24 i 12,5 3 2 b 08,0 4 075,35 1 f xesh 3 2 aee bas e342 40.46 eBLs F-21403 £051 hae 10.46 4 2 -4,0.8,7,6,9) b (0,0), (1, 1), 22) © (1,3), (2.5, 7.5) Exercise 1.5 21 a vshape, vertex at (1, 0), y-intercept I b v shape, vertex at (1.5, 0), yintercept 3 © vshape, vertex at (5, 0), yrintercept 5 d v shape, vertex at (-6, 0), tercept 3 € v shape, vertex at (5, 0), ssintercept 10 fv shape, vertex at (18, 0), yintercept 6 2 a [x|-2[-1/0 [y[z [els a v shape, vertex at (0, 1) b v shape, vertex at (0,8) © Ashape, vertex at (0, 2) 4 v shape, vertex at (8, 1) y-intercept 4 € vshape, vertex at (-3, -3), intercept 3 a -3< fa) <1 b 00 Fietisist a Q(x-2)'-7 b (2-7) : b x205 / TTT sy 3 a 2(x+0.25)'- 3.125 seltaseed] ob a 1 | Alo Savi a 18.5 ~2(x-1.5) ReEECERS b (1.5, 18.5) € A shaped curve, vertex = (15, 18.5) a 13.25 -(x-2.5)" b (25,1325), maximum ¢ -7= f(x) = 13.25 gape 2-8) d No, itis nota one-one Tauris function, e aMx-9-5 bse -0.75 y= [eee DI] a 5-(x- 2 Porters b (2,5) maximum ¢ 04 SVT ssa 6 a (5.56.25) b 6.25 7 b -2,0,2 d 64 5+ 88fee else Tenet eee g -1-V10,-1,-1+ 10 5 a bees p LENT, W147 b 06 e -25<2<3 f x<-Lx>-08 Exercise 2.6 3a b7 2 ka-Tk € x<05,221 ee d Bex<2 e x<-4x>1 f 05 10 10a a=-12,b=-4 b 4 UL m<2,m>14 Ra i= 8 14 k<2 asa 5 g 15V6 35 aoe Braet 2 ar bY c2 a ae j lors k -lor4 We epee eae: iro FTE traces es he ie 33 4208 bis ¢-3 ey pe cas a8 JW k6 LW eM fas 5 a0 bs c OF 3 a2V2 b2VB c QB 5ferrite ca case fee ae eee Ed 2a b WE, NE, 3 7 c 5 (2¥5- V2) cm 6 (4-V5)cm 1 7-248 em 5 6 Ta b 1412, 3-2V2 2+6,3-VE 2+ V5,-3V5 34N7,5-2N7 3-18, 5+ v2 00 no solution 19.5 6 h 20 eres. 1 b 3 oe £5 fh no solution i Oorl j Oorg 3 68 1 4 n 4 -Sorib9 — c Oor4 Oo e3 F-45 Exercise 3.7 1 Lor3, 18, 12 -3V5 6 17V5+1 i 45-12Vi0+8 58-1210 ii -3V5 + V2 “+6 10 6-48 8 7435 Exercise 3.6 6+Vi5- oa ¢ VSB +25 Chapter 4 Exercise 4.1 la b d Set +2x" + 3x? 9x! 428° + 7x8 — Sxt —4x*—3 6x" + 3x" 44x" + Bat — 28" +x°-1 xt — dx? + 2x7 48x 2 Sx! + Be" + dx? 3-2 Bx° + Sx! — 3x" + 7x? + 8x20 Sx" + 12x! +188" + 3x4 4 xt = 10x" +292" ~ 205 44 27x? — 27x" + Ox 1 Be tx-7 Qe? + 17x* + 21x 4 2x? + 5xt = 8x? — x4 — 10 STs ted 4x! — Ax? ~ 15x* + 8x +16 8x! — Bx — SOx" 417 +32 4x! — 4x? ~ 5x + 3x2 Exercise 4.2 la b c a ce P+ Qv— 48 sttecl x! 15x +25, xi 4 Qe41 44x85 #9 Bat +2e—1 Ox? 43x -2 Bx? — 5x10 axt +4 Bx? 4 2x? et x-4 x+3Unt 4 oadostex-1 7 be Exercise 4.6 bt+ore4 8 a xo -4x'—7x410 1b (x-2)(x-4)(9x+4) euceas b +39" ~18r-40 2 a=-2,5=95 2 229 ctxt be 3b 4a =—11 b 546 9 2 Q-1is' +10x+8 4a b7 ce b 2x — 7s" 472-2 5 (xtI)(x-7)(x+1) © Wy Os" Be +15 6 a=7,b=-6 10 +x°-7x-3 7 1 a=6,b= 11 2s — 98" + 6x=1 Hi @x-D@x! + 5x-9) tee a iii @x-DGe-DE+2 Exercise 4.5 Chapter 5 pee Exercise 5.1 c7% d2 ae ui b 2a5 bar Exercise 4.4 en 1b (2e-1)(x+1)(x-1) 2 a (x-2)(x" 44x45) > b (x+4)(x+2)(x-2) 5 aa=-8b=15 © x(Qx+3)(7-6) d (x-7)(e+(x-2) € (2x+1)(x-3)(x-4) 2 f (x-2)(x +3)(8x-1) bs g (2x-1)(2x +(x -2) eae _ h (2e-1)(x-3)(x +5) 8 o=60=-3 4 3 a-51,7 b 12,3 itetad outa ices cet 4d 4415 bee 3 5 27-2053 Ff g -2-15,05 h 4 al-3tv7 Exercise 5.2 By bgt 1 dexcs © 2-248 41514 05, -22 VIB 5.54, -3, 0.54eran aloes Tear eae ee 4 shaped curve, axis ae) TO a -T5 b WV shaped curve, axis intercepts (-2, 0), (-1, 0), lactate Eisctett ieee (3, 0), (0, 6) 3 a ¢ OY shaped curve, axis f -l-t b AV shaped curve, axis 2 4 a 4 shaped curve, intercepts (-3, 0), (-2,0), 1 axisintercepts (-2, 0) and (1,0), (0,-6) e deees ; +0), (0, 2 (0, 0) where (0, 0) is a ; sninimum point etapa eee ers b shaped curve, axis tase CO (9). e -l=x<3f 325 b -12 © x<-08 or 0.6 4 exe? a-L3 ‘OY shaped curve, axis intercepts (0, 0), 9), (4,0) Answers 10 #\ shaped curve, axis intercepts cof, 0), 8,0), 0.6) AL x<-08 or 0.55 y-intercept: (0,In8) 4 2 500 b 826 a aupaeste c 231 intercept: (-0.5, 0) 5 a $250000 b 0.112 ae if 6.18Cambridge IGCSE and 0 Level Additional Mathematics € asymptote: x= 2, intercept: (2.5, 0) F asymptote: x= 1.5, rinercee (1 Exercise 6.11 10a f(x) =In(x-4), x b £(x)=In(x +2), x >4 >-2 r 1 ele = ii 2 fx) >1 #G) = Fim(x-1) dx xl i 5x V5 ix ii 3x ii x+ind 1 sin gine (x41)? x=In2 Exercise 6.12 1 a By-7y+2=0 b 0,-0.569 58, y= 22 (24) 4 b+ c b 46 2x 3 a g(x) bel 210 4 5 a2 6 314 ge 8 i000 8 0569 9 270 1 10 a Llogs x a slow: b 397 ¢ 170 b y= 1250 i -2 iliy=5 iv mai Ba p=5.q= Chapter 7 Exercise 7.1 ras di9 oe 5 eva bh Vis 2 a 5, 3V5, JOB; rightangled b 2Vi3,10, 410; not rightangled b4 ¢ 10 F235 i 12ve c 4N5, 8V5, 5v5; rightangled 4 Sand-5 Jand 8 6 a (6,4) b (65,7) © 8) d (05,15) © (-4.5,-25) f Ga,0) 7 a=18b=-8 8 245) ba) a1 10 A(-5, 2), B(9, 4), C(-3, 6) Exercise 7.2 da2 b-3 co 1 1 8 fies etree eect 1 5 2a-l be -3 a «-3 2 5 b not collinear 75 8 1,2 9 (11,0) Exercise 7.3USUI 6 2 (0-7) b 60 units? T a (75,9) b 88295 untiet f Ig =-ylga+lgh, Y =Igx, X=y,m=-Iga, 8 a (2,2), (4,2), (0,6) b 40 units? 9 a 63,1) b 6,7) h Iny= dx + Ina, ¥ ° X=xm=be= © 116 units? Exercise 7.5 Exercise 7.6 1a ysax'+¥ m=ac=b 7 a2) b Sy=2x45 8 26,6) b k=8 d 45 units? 10 al 2x43y=14, 1 gate a > 4.2) Exercise 7.4 1a 275 units? b 22 units? bs 2 a 54.5 units? 2 b Tunis 3 ak=-9 b 50 units? (1.1.5), 2,-4.5) 22.5 units® = 2 (4,5), (0, -3) b y=l0" x10" b 20 units® wCambridge IGCSE and 0 Level Additional Mathematics 2b allow-14 to-1.6 3 20.559 b 0.960 ¢ 147 € allow 13 to 16 d215 e431 3 a 2B b y=-2e+6 4 a 745° b 143.2" c 59° © (8,0), (-1.8) d 104.9" e 33.2° aA Ba De @ | 45 | 90 [135] 180) (lal sla Degrees | 225 J 270] 315] s60 [ave] 1 ]2as]s20] 8 [ims 20125! | ye | 840/418) 5.07] 620] 7.47 8/105 Radians | 5% | 38 | 7) on © a=3,b=04 Sia) 4) 4 8.05 B ae Degrees | 0 | 120 » on 2a 8 268 ians | 0 7 Titel ate - 5 per } 2] 1 | 5 | 33] 25 Bias Be, d= 0 Degrees | 150 180 210 | 240 | 270 Tcl. eh 9 1 Ww43y=14 5 | 9.01 | 6.49 | 5.68 | 5.20 | 5 a Radians | 52) q | | 4x | 30 : a ii y+2=5@-10 c e| 3) 2 a © 3" Tee eae it JB 330 | 360 10 x+3y=2 UE 5 i 35) 6D Wi ax+y=11 — v@1) 6-2 0.964 b 103 ¢ 0.932 die 05 FI Chapter 8 7 i270 Exercise 8.1 Exercise 8.2 rat pt ¢ ® 3x 18 9 9 1a Bomb deem eee fee 18 2 ¢ Sem d 1xem a 7. tai . 2 a 96cm b 2em lw t= 1* 3 a L25rad b L5rad 9 8 4 a 124cm b 32cm x bn 7m me one oF © 31cm intercept = 3 at acooee ck ae ectae 5 aldem b L8brad . 7 . ¢ 38.5em eeorekar 20° e 120° F 144! : 6° . Lor 6 a 23cm 18.3cm 1 ay=7 b Sx44y=31 eee tee f ke 1 540° 41.3cm aia j 162" k 216° 1 540 c m3i5° n 480° 0 810°CU 7 al36em b Qlem 4 2543 c 187 Exercise 9.2 © 34.7em 5 i allsidesareequaltotheradi 1 bo, Ges ofthe ede wich ace ao ake, | 1a Gren? b Brent i 2 i 58.2 or 588 oer ¢ 35ncm? d Bon cm? iv 148 etenare ay 4 220° 2 a lWdem® b 4.332cm? 6 1193 fi 701 iti575 £ 3 alirad b 122rad mie 116 4 208rad b 40cm? iv 1.08 < Area <1.11 : edienr a Chapter 9 6 a 92cm 7 Exercise 9.1 ° 1, ws Be emt 3 13 g T a l24rad b 89.3em? ‘| = et © 12Lem? - THN 8 alrad — b 498cm? 2 I z coy ¢ 178em? 2 Iss 9 a %3em? b s77em* pr.» % q © 134em* ¥ z 10 b 54n~36V2 2 fourth ¢ third ata Fad b i8em* “ third f first 32 2 4.39cm b 2.40cm g fourth h third i first ¢ 15.5em d 15.0cm? 1 fins 13 S44an Exercise 9.3 14 a 45.5em? b 57am? 2 a -sindo? b cos35° © 08cm! d 27cm? i ¢ tan 40° d_ cos25° 15 14.6 cm* © tan60? sind Exercise 8.4 ae 1a 04x" b 19.8 or 19.9 E 4 6 ¢ 24.95 025 a 741 b 422 0r423 3 b 54.6 0r54.5 or 54.55 ¢ 115.25 or 115.8 or 115, e 2-V2F W3-VeRent ca eres se OMe Eee Te 4 b-% rr 5 p -25 18 ‘ » 3 a d v2 7 > -2 4 ace 3 Exercise 9.4 1 af amplitude =7, period = 360°, (0,7), (180, ~7), (860, 7) amplitude = 2, period 180", (45, 2), (13 (225, 2, (315, -2) amplitude = 2, period = 120°, (0, 2), (60, -2), (120, 2), (180, -2), (240, 2), (300, (360, 2) Iv amplitude = 8, period = 720°, (180, 8) v_ amplitude = 4, period = 360°, (0,5), (180, -8), (860, 5) vi amplitude = 5, period = 180°, (45, 3), (135, -7), (225, 3), (15,7) amplitude = 4, period EN) ii amplitude = 1, period NGG) ti lit amplitude = 2, period (0.3), @x,-3) Vv amplitude = 1, period = x, ()4) GolGe vi amplitude © 4, period = x, o » = a) 3). ( ~5).0m, 3) =4, 1 4 a=3,b=%c=8 period = 90°, x= 45%, x= 185%, x= 295%, x= 315" ji period = 360°, Wi period =, a y m0 | = VV \ 3 12 b2 13 b2 wab4 Exercise 9.5 1 a fx) =0 bosfx)<1 © 0 2 a 765 b -1810 a slated © 907.5 d -2420% is Pee eH 3 a 35,3185 ay 3a 40x° b 175000%" b 15,-1365 22 a 32480) +805" € 1605 d 720s" 49 b 400 © 20s" f -5376x" 5 25,26 b 1287 nee g ~9450000x" 6 -1875 5 h 7 7 2085 ha a= 24,5 = 128 cero eas Ei 4 a 1+t0x +458" b b 1416s + 11254 a at 15a y*~3 a . yogy © 1-2 +188: canpeiee by —5y8 +5y 720+ 20163 + 4860s¢ i eats boy ; ¢ 19683 - 590490 + 78732" 33 6,8 Exercise 11.2 Pia e 1a %y 0, Cy °C, ae oc peta i: g ~ 3515 625x as L@n+0 bb "ty 4x Sey Sy 4 +9819500x" 12 5Cy 5, Cy Cy "Cy % 16 8° Se Gat Cat Cat Ca Gs, h 1048576x" -18107200%"y 2 a ltde+Gst 44s) txt +73728000x4y" a7 a a=6d ~ 5x + 10x —10x" + 5x! ~a" 4 tet b 10 BE ite caters Sa 1412x4 60x" +1600" C14 Be+ Ma +5294 160" a4 19 a 6~5cos?x 20 b 901Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Additional Mathematics Exercise 11.4 Exercise 11.7 1 @ not geomettic 6 1 a 644 192+ 240x" +1608" b ~4, 16384 7 b 64 ae eae 2 astele'+60 9 b 72 4 not geometric b wt aoe t bie 7 4 2-25 b 38.5 © not geometric oe 5 a G4-960x + 6000s? b -640 fas b 4375 ; : ug 6 1 729+ 20160 + 4860% 10a ii 6804 3 5 7 i G44199x" + 24054 + 160x° : b asd 7 ii 1072 5 boraenics Bai at 4 4a'b +608? b 375 4a! + 5 6 12 162 24 v B 8-2 ae bn=6 9 22nd Ma Fact 9 2-221 b 2% en 35 84m way b 162 2 16 =2a b 990 Base tom soos! 16 0 Sn, 18,, 8 He é=3s 6 90 3 3 2 ¢ 3280 d 416.656 ener a7 a bn 8 24 : a2 (2) ‘> 4 b o72s2m Exercise 11.6 8 14 40, -20 1 2108 b 16635 1 415.50 minutes 19 seconds eae pe ag 200" — 10 ~ on) sas Chapter 12 a i eet Exercise 12.1 Erercse11.5 ae Lad’ b ox 2 a45 be 3 d 6x? e 3 sat b 84379, 1625 d -972 5 «800 hs 5 6 207 b 2,n=10 4 250 4 tet k 2 719 3 3 a of Ba mioon3 eae x =-8 or 8, 3rd term = 88 or 88 2 2 ae at neee + 7 \ 100 * 10000 * 1000000 * 7 sist 2b 21(3x-1)" ¢ -80(1- 5x) 4 o(s-7) 42x +1) 12(x-4)° -80(5 - x)* 8(2x +5)" x(x" +2) =28x(1- 2x")" k 5(2x-3)(x*- 3x)" j 15x? +10x kk 2x * +100* U1s2e? m 18 +6 2 n -6x'+6x" 0 1245 3BaG b4 co 40 e-02 f (2.5) 025 5 11 b= A 2 b=5 w (128) (00 worms 41 a (-3,2),(0, 5).(9, 14) b 19,-8,37 12a 12x" +6r-6 a b x<-land x= 05 13 a 3x" + 2-16 b 8 bex< : a 14 D=s[qt-2f +@45"]>0 Exercise 12.2 1 a 9x49) US 1 a Qxt4 b 12x+10 © (x +2) (4x+2) dx(x—1)'(5x-2) 3x-10 Wx 5 ee Bx +198 Wer » Gas) (se -3 Wx i 2(3x*+x+5) J (4x +9)(x-3)" k 2(x- I(r +2)(2e +1) 1 14(x-1)(x-3)' (2x +1)" 9 3 85 49,0 5 -2,0,15 2 6a Exercise 12.4 1 10 tea ° Ge 7 1 ‘Guy ' Gay (5x4) 41 Gry eyei aces a ROE GC Ree ere 1-2 2x (2x +1) Ba _38 5 (2, 1.6) Exercise 12.5 1 a y=4y-6 one cysngety 9 (15.25) 10 a (7,4) bigu 1 b y=-0.4x-06 12 216 units? 13 22.5 units? Exercise 12.6 1 021 2 068 3 -08p 4% 5 xp 6 Ut 7 20 8 a y= € -254p, decrease Exercise 12.7 1 0.15 units per second 0.125 units per second 4 units per second =0.25 units per second ween 0.5 units per second 1 [ap Units Per second 7 -0.08 units per second 8 0.025cmst 1 ems? 10 324cm's 1 11 — ems! 480 ™ 12 12m emis Exercise 12.8 1 a0 b ia+6 c d 320(4x +1)" e-—, + 4, Gay | Gey 2 a 12(x-4)(x-2) @-3y 2(x° + 6x" + 3x-+2) i‘ (#-1) eg oO 102 fog Bad b-9 ¢-8 b -18, 18 S (os [olile[s[als dy Zl+lo]-|-/o)+ | & | Lae titted 6 x2 Exercise 12.9 1a (,-28) minimum b (2,9) maximum ¢ (-2, 18) maximum, (2, -14) minimum d (2 ; uz) maximum, 34a (2-86) minimum © (-3,~18) minimum, maximum214 § (2,5) maximum, 4, -18) (§-54) masinum-ce—t9 2 a (4,4) minimum b (1,3) minimum, ¢ 4,3) minimum ¢ (-4-2) minim, ; (03) mins € (2-4) maximum, (0,0) minimum f (-4,-13) maximum, (2,2) minimum gy 3 -— 2, numerator of av @+iy : at ris never zero 4 a=3 5 a a=-3,=5 b minimum © (A, 7), maximum, 6 a a=2,b=-4 b minimum Ta 4 a=8, b maximum 8 a a=-36,0=4 b (-2, 48) © (-2, 48) = maximum, (3-7) = minimum d (0.5,-14.5),-37.5 Exercise 12.10 Loa y-8-x bi P=8x-x* it 16 ci Saxt+(8-x)" i 32 2 b A=1250,x = 50 £ a ¢ A=432, 12cm by 6cm by 8 cm a ton ty we Z 56 3 s ae-29 ¢ 30-2r,-2 di5 225, maximum 1 h=3-tr(n42 grr+2) ¢ 6-4r-mr, 4-3 aoe ten ¢ A= 87.5, x= 7.00 r= 25-2" 58 3 d maximum la 12 a h=24-2r © 512 UE 33 a r=\20h- c 13h 3 32000 81 Exercise 12.11 1 (2,12) d ¢ (1,3), minimum 56.25em? i) b -256p 1 +10 yaSet4 b 2,19) 10 b x=10 11 fi A= 246, minimum Chapter 13 Exercise 13.1 1 a i-3j b 31-9) c4i-j d% ec i438) f M94] gM oh 81-2 i 1-5 2 a2 b5 cB dio e2 86f 17 e40 h 55 3 16i+19j 4 361-15) 5a F144) pee b 55 (61+ 121)err acetal MOU E Egat) 13a 2or-8 = b-9 el 14 6] as 2, 7 6 adi b 14i-9j wai 20 c d +35 ii 130 Ta b VaGi 310 8 y= c 9 "=3A=-2 : Exercise 13.3 Exercise 13.2 1 a -i-3j — b 21-10) 1a (1-A)a+ab yi b (t-Ay a+, (3 3) ae © 84] d 121 +3) e147] f -61-j 4 a 2 ai 2-b ee ii 3a+b ef) 3 bi A(ba-b) 3 a -15i+20j b 241410) ii Ga +b) © 15i+j d c 3 4a ieitigg ob Laie c 5i+ Qj 5S a 1l0i+24j b 26 ¢ qos a 31+8] 3)) 3 a A(a+2b) b ya +(3~3u)b a (I-A)a+2ab 67 ‘ ~ wg » 2 un+(1-a)b 7 4 ln ® Lae : cas 8 ai 29 it 90 5 ai rieeest w lasty » (8 wee i b Sane ap 9 2149 b T4y 102 6-8) b 751+ 45 a (9 7 23 AB, so ABand AC are parallel and A lies on both lines 4a 2b a+ 3b bi 6a-3b 2a—b 4a 2b 3CD, so CEand CD are parallel and Clies on both lines die Exercise 13.4 21a (3.51+9j) ms? b (301-36j)m ¢ 12.5 hours 2 (-221+11.6))k mn? 1251 km, 4 a (181+18))kmIr b (101+ 1043) km ht © (-50J5i~ 50}) ms 5 a 20mst bi (681+ 44j)m it (-56i + 28})mred ih (444 + 125)m 1 80) 2 5 a 5: b —-Qi+ll) . r=( 3) ¢(32) aE b Seeieilp 6 a 10kmh? Coat e&(4e-) 6 1 5ikmh? f eo b (261414) km ii 40 minutes 2x _fi0 6 Z ue < r=(2}=e( 8) 7 1 abna ey d 2030 7 a (12-12/)kmb h axe bi (291-12))km | eile +2! +043) i (1443j)km (ery 3a Sx+8y=10 b 5x-6y+15In © y=Sex+2x-2e-1 =0 r-(e}-(2) 12) *"{-12 a (101+ 6j)km b (51+ 12{)kmh? 8 13kmht we (151 + 20)) km (81+ 6j)kmh7 ¢ (111i +92j) km 10 a (50i + 70j)km, ry ocean (401 + 100) km b OC=(1-Aatad b 31.6km cuss a1 a (61+ 8))km, 21jkm b 148km Chapter 14 : Exercise 14.1 Exercise 13.5, La ape 1a 91445) a 91+ 45) < 4 Be bis ae et e f 3%" © jig « 3 Be hese 7 ° OR i j -4e* je et (Vie + 1) Ve k U 10x(1+e") 2 altins — b 2x+4xInx 3 (51+12{)km,13km 2 ate : oxic 4 2c -4 10+5inx* 4 i 8-15) ii ei 199 b axte® + 2a Soret pee ili 531 © —Sxe™* + Se “ e shyt 2ein(ins) 4 eeeCT Net Renee eee ELE 7 Indx % t pete Pa 8 ~Zinay 2 gIn(2e41) x (2x +1) ed a* (2x48) -2(s -1)in(s? -1) ~~ @xr3) 1) 244In6, $+2in6 3 ere 2 5-28 x(x—5) eee (@e+D@—-) x-4 x(2-a) x4 dete x(x+i)(x+2) 2-6x- 25" @=De+NGx+3) x(@@—D(e+ x3) 1 ind 2 xing 5 (Ge-1) nt 8x. 1x - 2 bx Ox Qx-1 (+ 3)(e-4) 0.2 Exercise 14,3 1 cose 2cosx - Bsinx ~2sinx ~ sec? x 6cos2x 20 sec? 5x “Gsin 3x —2 cos2x Ssect (3x +2) 2cos( 20+ 2) 3 -6sin(x-2) 6 Bsin® xcosx -80cosSe sin 3x Qsinxcosx + 2sinx 4(3 ~ cosx)' sinx 12sin (20+ )eos(2x-+ =12sinx cos! x + ian(2x—4)sec*(2x-#) xcosx + sinx ~Ssin 2x sin 3x + 4cos2xcos 3x Soe “(i i5tanBxsec3x secx + xtanxsecx. xsect x tanx 1+2cosx (2+ cosx)” (3x -1)cosx ~ 3sinx (e-1) Bot 2x cosect 2x 3 cosec 2x ~ 6x cot 2x cosec 2x Ta b a (Ginx — cosy ~sinze ~Ssin dre sec’ xe™™* (cosx —sinx)e**t"? ce (sinx + cosx) 4e(seneds-sinds) 2e* cos xe™* (2 — xsinx) x[2in(cosx) = xtans] Boosts Saints xcosx + sinx ~ xsinx tanxsecx =cotx cosee ~cosec* x. 3cot 3x ~2tan 2x 8 A=3,B=-5 9 A=4,B=-3 Exercise 14.4 1 4x-2ty=n ala b c ape) © units? 8 3 Q(1,0) 4a b 5 2 a($in 5, o). B(0.4) (-8,0) e(2et +1)b (-1.e*) maximum, (0,0) minimum ¢ (In7, 9-7in7) minimum d (0,4) minimum e (-2, (4, 8e*) maximum, t ( —4e) minimum, e" ; minima 8 [ve ) maximum dea 2° h (-Je=1, €*) maxirmum, (0,0) minimum, (Ve=1, c*) maximum 32 a (0.927, 5) maximum b (1.85, 10) maximum, ¢ (0,5) maximum, (3 3 minimum 2 minimum 14 A(1,0), B(e*, -e") 15 a P(0,0), Q(-2, 4e*) & B(0,-26), C(e+ Be. « Heed) 36 b 2.7 cm? per second mt 17 5 maximum Exercise 14.5, 1 a y=Qe-1 «eal? » Leaasen() ~asnaesn(=) (sec" x) (1+ Inz) : Geny 08 2 Be cos dy + de? sind cost 4x. A(L+2in2, 0), 1 ofe.+m2) 1 o(1-Zin,0 J, D(0,-2+In2) b k=(In2y" tan 2x aaa 3) 1 ce i t¢n3* gins) ii 0.0393 41 i (1,-0.5), 0,05) i p=2, q=-6, (-1,-05) minimum, (1, 0.5) maximum, 12 i Qrsin@ iit -17.8 iv 0.842 Chapter 15 Exercise 15.1. 1 aoe Wis ayageite b =F te yaa aah ane yee Set —4 yes-Se3 pase det dat a8Cambridge IGCSE and 0 Level Additional Mathematics 1 ° bet _e aaa 8x < oe a 8 yaaetaaha5 © F(x +9)" + eS 9 a y=2x—6x" 48x41 Gia ei 10 y= 2c" 5x41 ee f Exercise 15.2 2 glTa 2p te aa x 6 2 5 ratte b mrte + 2@e-nf 8 qe Ui +e b g Neti +e = 4 Ber +ay** 2 eet " a@=2y °° b y=7e™ 420-5 (4r41) 6 y=2e™ +6x-6 at 20 7 7 aG-e e 4e*-e-2 24e-4e"-21 (ex +i) (SS Ble= se! —21 7 3st? 2-2 4e-4 4 y=5-2Vi0=¥ Exercise 15.5 1 a -teosax +e 5 y=(2x-3)'+1 4 - 3x-1)'+8 b Fandete i € -Beost + 2 Exercise 15.4 f o i 4 singe te Pee ieniott © -ReosSe+e 1: 3 cre se d f Ssin(2x+1)+0 2 edctsc fF 6 Zcos(2-x)+e ent hh sin(2x-7) +e coh g 7 + i : fet i Acos(1= 5x) +e i +e 5 8 2 a xtcosete 2 Exercise 15.3 b sinas} Lee” La Here" +e 1 a b F7Qx-5) +ee f Fler + Seoste) +e AV ~2cos5 +6 ys sins +cosx+2 4 yaa Bsinte 9-2 5 y= 2x" + Bcos2x-5 6 y= Scox8x—2sine +4 Ta b k=6 y= Qsinde~ 4x +2440 x y=5~2en(2x-2) Exercise 15.6 la 8in xtc b 5inxte © dinste 2 Binxte Linge +2)+6 3 1 ~ yin 8x) +e Z Linge -n+e ging + ~Fn@-3s)+6 Finge-+¢ Bexe2ine se x-teamese x 25x-2— 30x +6 x+Inx te 4 yaxtt5Inx—5 5 y=1+In@+e) 6 a l-2in2 b (2In2,2in2~3) Exercise 15.7 1 ed b 2x48) end +e AL a 2x" + 6x"Inx 1 1 b cx'Inz-ox' +e gpene-5 12 a cosx—xsinx b sinx - xcose-+e 13 b Le (sinde + cond) +0 aaa Sale eaT b (x¢+3)v2x-7 Exercise 15.8 1a bis ca d15 ec 5 F715 B oh 75.5 sea hg 13 1 4 ok 3 LBS jt k 9 1 By 2 2 268 bE c 124 d05 ¢ 02 8 Lis 1 a al(t-1) bp de-0 5(et-1) 1 : 4 He-) 5(e*-1) Re # Fler +4e—3) & yp(bet + 8e" + 6e* -17)Cea ese KRG tae Ea e te Exercise 15.10 10 x 3 35 race pb 35 bty a 62 1 Boing 2 Exercise 15.12 1 ade b te” 268 2 ‘ 2 at 1 ay=xe-y , zl b Bv4 Sly = 93 3 axtSte bane 6 b In9-10 x 4b 628units? 5 a (0,185) b 0.292 units? 6 In(25e%) T aA=4 9 8 quotient cs a ast 8a yetneesy remainder 3 Rel 5 3 2 10 2-Lins eset f art iw? Be 7 6 a9 biG ae ear Oy 7 bite 1 2 keletsn aa yy 8 ke Tels) ae 9 b 5in5-4 aan ay bi 10 b x-1 ae Exercise 15.11, Chapter 16 : Exercise 16.1 i 3x42 aes 12 y 2ereay 2 1 al2sms! b6 2 24ms? sb me 316 . 20 ae 2 a 6ms! 6 2 sinetreonrte 45-3 Sc Baga) 8 ato? bw® cit ¢ Ims® T a x+2xIne+e 6 3 bite d36 e 20- 8 a sinx + 3ecos3x i a 2 pf > La» BHF 4 34 : os 422 a (-20)b 425 4 15 4USE 2 5 in( 2) m osre2andt>4 ogee (2) c osse3 and e> -0.25ms" ve a dcrea sat b -1.90ms* : pats= b-Smst Exercise 16.2 ‘ 2a l6ms! —b 15seconds 8 av=4 x c 122m d 1662m be=t 3 7 : . 1 Exercise 16.3 ‘ee 1232 bis cS B 3 : 5 9 ar=ting b 0.899m ar} 2oacimt b= 28t i ¢ 241m a 10 a 2maway from O arama bya2-4sin@,a=-8cos yg ae yt « B cm ont a (46 a (& 5 b 2075ms _. 6 p=6q=-6 b a=-4hsinat 7a cke5 ‘ 32 a 2mst * bi 2mst 1 Qc! 3 ci Oms? x BOI i -2 ms® : Wi k=30,a=1 as ¢ 625m faa — 8 at=2t=6 b 5.5m ‘i deg se 1-35 ¢ 112m Ti get eset ns 9 a-12<@<12b 574m ae 10 a 0.64ms? b 121m 2 2m 0 7 a 8 iio an nae 8,0 e 2in2m 5+ 22) wis - Se + 901 i 1 Wa 78 cerca b 88s 1 bse tre aat 2erated E and O Level Additional Mathematics Index absolute value see modulus acceleration 405, 419-13, 418 signs for 405-6 addition of polynomials 71-2 of vectors 316 addition/subtraction rule, for differentiation 277, 310 amplitude 196, 198-9 angles between 0° and 90° 187-90 general definition 190-1 negative 190, 220 positive 190, 220 approximations 291-3, 310 ares 174 length 174-6 areas bounded by graphs of two functions 393, 398 rectilinear figures 148-51 regions bounded by line and curve 392-6 sector 177-80 under curves 385-92, 397 arithmetic progressions 252-7 common difference 252 formula for nth term 252 notation 252 sum 253.5 arithmetic series 253-5, 267-9 arrangements 226-9 rule for 226 base 50 change of 124-6 binomial 244 binomial expansions 249-51, 269 binomial theorem 249-51, 269 boxing in method 149, 150 Cartesian plane 190 chain rule 280-2, 310 change of base rule 124-6 chords 174 gradients of 275-6, 291 circular measure 170-80 collinear points 816 combinations 232-7 order and 232-3 rule for finding 233 common difference 252 common ratio 257 completing the square method 25, 29-30 composite functions 5~7 conjugate surds 60 convergent series 263 cosecant function (cosec) 216-17 cosine function (cos) 187, 192 amplitude 196, 199 derivative of 345-50 graphs of 195-6, 199-200, 202 integration of 370-2 period 196, 199 sign of 192-3, 220 cotangent function (cot) 216-17 cubic equations 78-82 cubic inequalities 102-3 cubic polynomials 71, 78-82, 98-101 curve area of region bounded by line 392-6 area under 385-92, 397 intersection of line and 42-4 definite integrals 378-85, 397 degree, of polynomial 71 degrees 171 converting from radians to 172 converting to radians from 172 denominator, rationalising 60-3 derivatives 276 of cos (ax+ 6) 347 of ef 338-9 of exponential functions 337-40, 350-6 first 298 of In f(x) 341-2 of logarithmic functions 341-5, 350-6 second 298-9 and stationary points 302-8 ofsin (ax+ 6) 347 of tan (ax+ 6) 347 of trigonometric functions 345-56 see also differentiationdifferentiation 274-811, 336-56 addition/subtraction rule 277, 310 applications in kinematics of 404-12 approximations 291-3, 310 chain rule 280-2, 310 first derivative 298 from first principles 276 notation 276 power rule 276-80, 310 product rule 282-4, 310 quotient rule 285-7, 310 rates of change 294-8 connected 295 reversed, integration as 362-5, 372, 375, 397 scalar multiple rule 277, 310 second derivatives 298-9 and stationary points 302-3 see also derivatives; stationary points discriminant 39-40 displacement 316, 404, 412-13, 418 signs for 405-6 distance 403 distance-time graphs 403 dividend 73 division of polynomials 73-5 of surds 58) division law 118 divisor 73 domain 3,12 € 126, 338 elimination method 24 equations cubic 78-82 involving indices see exponential equations involving surds 63-6 logarithmic 120-1 modulus 90-4 quadratic see quadratic equations roots 39 of type Jax +B] = |ex+ a] 90-4 ‘equivalent to” symbol 90 exponential equations practical applications 128-9 solving 51-4, 122-3 exponential functions 111-35 derivatives of 337-40, 350-6 graphs of 129-32 integration of 368-70 inverse of 133-4 exponents see indices factor theorem 75-8, 86 factorial notation 225 factorisation method 25 factors, of polynomials 75-86 Ferris wheel 195 fractions, rationalising denominator 60-3 functions 1-18 composite 5-7 definition 3 domain 3,12 ‘exponential see exponential functions gradient 275-80 inverse 12-15 of exponential functions 133-4 graphs of 15-18 of logarithmic functions 133-4 logarithmic see logarithmic functions modulus 7-9 periodic 196 range 3,12 trigonometric see trigonometric functions geometric progressions 257-62 ‘common ratio 257 formula for nth term 257 notation 257 sum 259-60 geometric series 262-9, 270 condition for convergence 263, 270 infinite 262-7 geometry, of vectors 323-7 gradient curve 275-6 line 139, 275 parallel lines 139, 143-5 perpendicular lines 139, 143-5 gradient function 275-80 graphs 89-106 of cubic polynomials and their moduli 98-101 of exponential functions 129-32 of functions and inverses 15-18 of logarithmic functions 129-32 in solving cubic inequalities 102-3 in solving equations of type Jax + 6] = |ox= d] 91,92 in solving modulus inequalities 94-8 straight-lines see straight-line graphs of trigonometric functions/ratios 195-205 of y= acos bx +c 196, 199 of y= asin bx +c 196, 199nel ace Sear Ke RE eae Vege trey asin x 197 atan bx +c 196, 199 cos x 195-6 “129 e™ +a 130-2 In ax +6 130-2 of y=sin bx 197-8 of y=sin x 195-6 ofy=sin x+c 198 of y= tan x 196 of y= |f(2)] where f(x) is linear 10-12 where f(x) is quadratic 34-7 where f(x) is trigonometric function 205-7 image set se range indefinite integrals 365~7, 375-8, 397 indices 49-54 rules of 50, 67 simplifying expressions involving 50-1 solving equations involving 51-4, 122-8 inequalities cubic 102-8 linear 37 modulus 94-8 quadratic 37-9 inflexion, points of 301-2 instantaneous rest 406, 418 integration 361-98 applications in kinematics of 412-18 area of regions bounded by line and curve 392-6 area under curve 385-92, 397 areas bounded by graphs of two functions 393, 398 of cosine functions 370-2 definite 378-85, 397 as differentiation reversed 362 of exponential functions 368-70 formulae for 397 372, 375, 397 1 (ax+ 5) of functions of form 372-5, 380-1 of functions of form 1 372-5, 380, 388-9 of functions of form (ax + 6)" 367-8 indefinite 365-7, 375-8, 397 of powers of x 365, of sine functions 370-2 symbol for 365 inverse functions 12-15 of exponential functions 133-4 graphs of 15-18 of logarithmic functions 133-4 Kinematics 402-18 applications of differentiation in 404-12 applications of integration in 412-18 laws of logarithms 118-19, 134 Iength arc 174-6 line 139 problems involving 140-3 linear inequalities 37 linear polynomials 71 line(s) equations of straight 139, 145-8 gradient 139, 275 intersection of curve and 42-4 Tength 139 mid-point 139 parallel 139, 143-5 perpendicular 139, 143-5 problems involving length and midpoint 140-3 see also Straightline graphs logarithmic equations, solving 120-1 logarithmic functions 111-35 change of base of 124-6 derivatives of 341-5, 350-6 graphs of 129-82 inverse of 133-4 laws/rules of logarithms 118-19, 134 natural logarithms 126-7, 135 product rule for 135 to base 10 112-15 to base a 115-17 many-one mappings 2 mappings 2 many-one 2 one-many 2 one-one 2 maximum points 28-83, 300 first derivative test for 300, 311 practical problems 305-10 second derivative test for 302, 311 mid-point of line 139 problems involving 140-8minimum points 28-33, 300 first derivative test for 300, $11 practical problems 305-10 second derivative test for 303, 811 modulus of number 7-9 of vector 316 modulus equations 90-4 modulus inequalities 94-8 motion diagrams 404 multiplication of polynomials 71-2 of surds 57-8 of vector by scalar 316 multiplication law 118 natural logarithms 126~7, 185 non-linear equations converting from linear form to 155-8 converting to linear form 151-4 finding relationships from data 159-64 normals 287-91 equations of 288, 310 one-many mappings 2 one-one mappings 2 order and permutations 229-30 parabola 28 intersection of line and 42-4 Pascal's triangle 244-8 period 196, 199 periodic functions 196 permutations 229-82 notation 229 order and 229-30 rule for finding 229 points of inflexion 301-2 polynomials 70-86 addition 71-2 cubic 71, 78-82, 98-101 definition 71 degree 71 division 73-5 factor theorem 75-8, 86 factors of 75-86 linear 71 multiplication 71-2 quadratic 71 quartic 71 remainder theorem 82-6 subtraction 71-2 position vectors 319-23, 331 power law 118 power rule 276-80, 310 powers see indices product rule for differentiation 282-4, 310 for logarithms 135 progressions 252 arithmetic see arithmetic progressions geometric see geometric progressions rule for all 254 quadrants 190-1 quadratic equations 25, 28-37, 39-41, 103-6 completing the square method 25, 29-30 condition for real roots 42, 45 and corresponding curves 45 factorisation method 25 graphs of y= |f(x)| where f(x) is quadratic 34-7 maximum values 28-33 minimum values 28-33 more complex 103-6 quadratic formula method 25 roots of 39-41 quadratic formula 39 quadratic formula method 25 quadratic inequalities 37-9 quadratic polynomials 71 quartic polynomials 71 quotient 73 quotient rule 285-7, 310 radians 171 converting from degrees to 172 converting to degrees from 172 range 3, 12 rates of change 294-8 connected 295 rectilinear figures, areas 148-51 remainder theorem 82-6 rest, instantaneous 406, 418 roots of equations 39 of quadratic equations 39-41Certara elect eT Lo Rare eee ETT te scalar multiple rule, for differentiation 277, 310 scalars 316, 403 secant function (sec) 216-17 sectors 174 area 177-80 segments 174 series 243-70 arithmetic 253-5, 267-9 convergent 263 definition 253 geometric see geometric series infinite 262 see also progressions shoestring/shoelace method 149 wultancous equations 23-4, 25-7 elimination method 24 one linear and one nominear 25~7 substitution method 24 sine function (sin) 187, 192 amplitude 196, 198-9 derivative of 345-50 equivalent trigonometric expressions for 215 graphs of 195-9, 201-2 integration of 370-2 period 196, 199 sign of 192-3, 220 small increments 291-3, 310 speed 403 constant 327 see also velocity speed-time graphs 408 stationary points (turning points) 28, 300—4, 310 of inflexion 301-2 second derivatives and 302-3 see also maximum points; minimum points stepping stone game 248 straightline graphs 138-65 areas of rectilinear figures 148-51 converting from linear form to non-linear equation 155-8 converting from non-linear equation to linear form 151-4 equations of straight lines 139, 145-8 finding relationships from data 159-64 see also line(s) substitution method 24 subtraction of polynomials 71-2 of vectors 316 surds 55-67 conjugate 60 division 58. multipli rationalising denominator of fraction 60-8 rules of 67 simplification 57-60 solving equations involving 63-6 tangent function (tan) 187, 192 derivative of 346-50 graphs of 196, 199 period 196, 199 sign of 192-3, 220 tangents 45, 287-91 ‘equations of 288, 310 tetrahedral numbers 245 translation 198-9 trigonometric equations 208-13, 216-17 trigonometric functions/ratios 187 derivatives of 345-56 of general angles 192-4 graphs of 195-205 graphs of y= |f(x)| where f(x) is trigonometric function 205-7 signs of 192-3, 220 sketching 200-2 see also cosecant function; cosine function; cotangent function; secant function; sine function; tangent function trigonometric identities 214-15, 218-19, 220 trigonometry 186-220 equivalent trigonometric expressions 215 see also angles; trigonometric equations; trigonometric functions/ratios; trigonometric identities turning points see stationary points vectors 315-31 addition 316 component form 317 constant velocity problems 327-30 definition 316, 403 equal 316 geometry 323-7 i,j notation 317velocity 327, 331, 404-5, 412-13, 418 constant, problems 327-30 signs for 405-6 splitting into components 328-9 magnitude 316 modulus 316 multiplication by scalar 316 notation 316, 317-19 position 319-23, 331 subtraction 316 unit 317