Question 1

Aliza noticed that her grandmother used salt and sugar as preservatives in preparing jams and
pickles.

(i). Why salt and sugar are used as preservatives?

Answer: They prevent the growth of bacteria/fungi by osmosis. Bacteria in presence of salt and sugar
loses eater, shrivels and dies. Thus, jam and jelly is preserved.

Question 2

Aliza’s mother is suffering from EDEMA. The doctor advised to reduce the intake of salt to minimum.

(i). What is EDEMA?

Answer: People taking lot of salt in their food experience water retention in tissue cells and inter
cellular spaces due to osmosis.

(ii). Calculate the Osmotic Pressure of 0.1 M aqueous solution of NaCl at 27oC

Question 3

Marry visited doctor’s clinic as her mother was suffering from dehydration. She noticed that doctors
used saline water for injection. Her inquisitive mind asked doctor why saline water not the normal
water was used. Doctor told that this saline liquid is isotonic with blood.

a). What is isotonic solutions?

b). What if highly concentrated solution is used for injection

c). Osmotic pressure is 8.21 atm. How much glucose should be dissolved in 1 litre solution for an
injection, which is isotonic with blood?

Question 4

A research scholar was asked to determine the molecular mass of protein experimentally by
colligative method. He preferred osmotic pressure method as compared to elevation in boiling point
or depression in freezing point.

a). Why elevation in boiling point is not a suitable method?

Answer: Proteins are not stable at high temperature therefore, elevation in boiling point is not
suitable.

b). Why depression in freezing point is not a suitable method?

Answer: ΔTf for solution of higher molecular mass is very small (10-5 K) hence it is very difficult to
measure thus very small change in ΔT

c). 200 Cl. Of an aqueous solution of protein contains 1.26g of protein. Osmotic pressure of the
solution at 300k is found to be 2.57*10-3 atm. Calculate the molar mass of protein.
Question 5

A 0.91% aqueous salt solution is isotonic with human blood corpuscles. In this solution, blood
corpuscles neither shrink nor swell.

a). What will happen if blood corpuscles are placed in 1% aqueous salt solution and why?

b). What will happen if blood corpuscles are placed in 0.50% aqueous salt solution and why?

c). What are hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?