TD: 202024 Semple Sampling iso gelentifie (dices od selecting o port trom a statictesl populecton ond may algo embrace the derivedion of estimates cand oy inderences derived Jrom Ham gor thet ‘population. Te importemee oF Soom gs Countless messurements ot He eeamormey, health, labor Joree, cor ive Use, Isncen| gel ynompleyment, meme, 2x +, import, industrial product and the Vike rely on som les , rother thon on ey he enuemerostion « In o word olmost- avery where use sam les. Numerous survers ore bet tonduefed fo davelop,, test ond refine. : ses in ® Suck disciplines as socio leet l papchelegey demaropley polities! Sclonee. , ontbrropeleaey-» hy, 2conomnic aducstion and public health. N focal ome eontral epraroments make emsiderable. use od SUNS dota -fo ba aware of the various population dhoracteristies dor phomireg and development pur poses in avec ease , al \s selected booouse. BE ig ienpossible. meonyventant , $100 Unaesnomi eaa ID: 202004 Regen 4o monitor Hho antire popoetion $0 the Pe o} sump hae: Answer te He ston no- 1(b) Sompla suarvae- mow & deg» he onosh a rovid ng qefevont infor-mortion dor 7 6 fection - Tt ic ty, | drrowins / f : a ossentiok te deseribe He mom Steps invohed m onceuting a sample surrey. The, Jello rey Ore Son b of the step. @ Objective : Whenever w2 plan % gom fe survey 6 cler amd emeise stotement at Abd olijatt ties ‘ghould ba laid down. Ola Ropelstion: The pepeltion rom Seas comple. ig to be drawn should be destined and xmg tern fealnique oF ; aria about © f identified in eleor amd unambiguous Rs its contents, unity, extent ond reference tim Deter The dito to be collected must Lo relevent ond partinent do the pepe ab the survet. a © Prarisie . SIO Desinneil » Ino semphe. serves, only &TD: 202024 Myers port od the popeslation iS measured Jor whieh tho. gurvige results ave almost alwe subjert fo error, Exror ot measurement ig alto on addi tionoh couree oF distorting. the. serves result © Lemplng, Frome: A som pling. drome. ig an indes pe— noable fool Jor eondueting a Sample su RK eemplele, accurate and 4 dutod sam drome_ must be eonstroetod in order +e draw x Yolid gamphe . @ Sample. Design: When o mumber ef song ng ‘ers ore. ovailable cfr a partiewlar gomple survex, one whieh ig most efficient in terms of cost reliability. ond op propriodeness +o meet the objectives , should be anplyed. @ Survex_ Design: he design ot o serve ‘evolves omer indervaloded davisions on Suel geelor os the. mode of dota collection , constrocting questions, {dele Proeessiog ynefhod as well as the senply. | \ 1 | | | | || Paar TD: 200004 © Comple. side: Determinction of seamole ~ evhops He mest ditdiewlt pay eon i dom, f ar. stig, @® Pre wation o5- dield Material : Questionnor, importer instrument dor ony seients tie, 4 @ Geleetion amd reining ot Feld Workers : ed he Surya result, lan, eid on 4 (parsonnal involved and their apfielan ey. © Pre- Testy: Cro- testing is at+riak or operat [tet allows us to fest the questionnaria. in | |giele or other measurement instruments +o [seven inferviewers and to cheek on +he ma od eld eperetion. @Derration af udp: Onex the dake af rcocnt the sur veer 5 deaided , 14 yemaing fo sot t! [obedele ger the completion of the vars ee of the see, @ Felder: Efficient oxgamiaetion of the 8 oom pre- requisite of the suceessteul ent! of stotistionR inves tsotion,TD! 200004 e. gee @ Dede. management: Levee. eae enerate. hy ; mevate hu ammounts of dota. Henee a walf- repre ne Cope plen is of grime bnportesiee, 6 Editves- and Gheekina: A detailed pho must ba outlined ot- the ootsraf fo cheele and edit the field date soon ater iyz are OF hand dor ong | : lerrongous ond ineonsistent entrias- ® Dect processing ond fmabisis ? Oned” tha’ ibe ‘axe checked , odifed ond wrrveted gor evrors , “processing, of dete should be oHempted espigy lin view he. objective of he survey |® Project Memegemants for collaborative stodgy gevtral Ov nigotions, idiestion ghould be mode. stage. who will hoa the ecverall | involvin jot he gery presen er © Report being: Finally, report ot she Sg Rr ithe study highli ting he pliee im plistions SS and measures —lo bo taken [d be writen im | | sage pest ble actions | gho| ineleding- police y200™m mandation , rhe vepert. | I[D+ 20 2024 eee © Lesson, Losrned: Survey ig a reper Unde | and is table to brge- ae of erren jf | propery hon doled « » Arcwer to the question no—4 © a is a genet term that reer, a “oleate of dete bo moms of Hnlervistt, gal lovies ov direct pbeervetion The entites survey Heould from o whole! When itis ealled a any e port when itis called a sample survey. | A saamle survey is @ tad. ras 0 sul jab individuals solaeted drom a lorger opel oy aceapled statistical meafhed Fig an alfere [to complete eseht of o population serving a 4 bosis ie estimates or inderenee cor thet rt | | | | | | | | | “The census is om operation test is geet emntined +o inquiries Hat are. more or less straighteraard counts [ike censuses gf poet Menutoeturma industries, live stocks ete. wliel t term survey being. applitd +o Inquires . which @ ae ete. oO pug ilsJD: 202024 Ragez Arswar to The question no— 2) A on ae be drown with rapkeement or wrest lacomont, TJ fhe somole is taken with veplncemen F drom a popabtion nite or indnite the unit drawn 1s roturnad +o thee popeletion ond -the nomber ode onits available dee defure drug is not offeelad ond consequent. sin probobiltey of drawing Ome aaa unit in guecessiva. sofeetion will remain unaltered. Ih somling. without vepleenmant the unit drawn ls not rofurned -te -tha erpetion in subsequent drowings. Unlilee somplrg with vephesment, Hoe probability of dressing ong ces oni in ao selection will be ineves sed. Sampling with ragheament is sometimes reffered Jo as on all gam lng. Deere, semplig ne, [apeeement is lass presse -flan sampling withoot Pabeemen a | lacemenf Seems Intuitiv, sample and oe pe other wastete}. Tr grectice , almost all semmpling-ID: 2 D: 200004 Fae ig dona 85th ic there 6 Oo Ute 5, jo studg the choroateristies of tee Units | hove. olrendoy bean induded im the Previn | Saaation. A | pavik with vapbeemenf is egé imbereyt _ primarily dor roritial interest gmee te ‘Jormule. Jor the Yorienee. ond estimated yori lef the. estimofers are offen simpler whan te “compl Ig mode. with i oe andl shan coher tLe ie mode. without vapleeemen}- j i i | | | | | | i | | i | { |TD: 202024 Pogarg Lowe be alin nom egg In mom intamees, We ere, aneoontered with ae problem of estimoting. the +otad num ber, 4h, proportion or the percentege oF ehosces delling- inte wma defined eloss or ay dq For example, ea wish fo Knew he number of proportion ot workers ino Jnelorey having the habit of smokivg., propertion ob children malnourished in rural Da desh , pareen— ge of WOMEN In aw community wi Uiltren ofe- under_dive, Suppose that every unt ‘im the population oh sige N falls into ona of the two ontegpries @ and 0” Lek, y_ Nombexr of unite belonging: toa. P= Frepew-tion op- Hee omits belonging. te a (* sam ple or pepeltion » let vos dedine dis dollows : | he {. if tha oni baloree foe. | Fe . . foe ( dor He pein. | Ye Zt ———O | ond[D: 202024 ’ wv Pope, gant oy. ts Vv w f 6 “Then i de SS di @ ond» 3 G- 4 + ¥-P s | From ® ond @ | | YSNP ond pen | gr |For beth the uketion amd the sample | 0 er Se P 7 Hee port lis the mean ef fhe dichotomens voriable. fri situation when every Gi [S cither Lore |cposiod etimes call dhig © binomiok voyiable. fi { i We som | ‘ako ealled a Pevo-one variable » we will moda. that the proper tse of P de igimple random sampling porelel these. of the #” Jorg_as the neaseraments Gi we meen z $0 | dente died as O if He i-th clement sampled does met belong—to + and Lit it dees. Cons pout tee problem of asHimotiog Yond Pom bt vgerdad as Hot estimation the total ond MH Prann of a popesbstion in which aver di is oat yg[D: 202024 Page fmmer to the question mon 2() Here, N= 2000 ond n= 200 | Gyour of propose! rte ee of colleges in Javour of propa 200 pate = woe = 08 “ Hondord arvos of P, $ = [errr = | 2000— 200 ; vm) 000X199 (0-6) (0-9) = 0.083 95% endidenee limits Jor Pa b96 Sp =0-6 H(1.96 x0.023) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | = 0-640. 6468 | iHenee, | 054527 2p £0664 | 2000 KO. 4SaT EP BO n 0-66 46S Sweep cig09 a)ID: 202004 ) tr ey Answer +o He question no —2(e) Given -thetd, Ms 4000 , ay =Oo% So, 2 = l9¢ ; yds, cand P=4= \" Pp Gaos (We Knot , | Sey. Weer edge Eel | No 2404 \ N= = ———__ = [$00 | ae (4 2424 | 400 Lo the som ple sige (s (G00. Gre) | > | Answer -to the question no—4(s) _Sheetum: A shrolum (plaral strofe) redars fo « ste or pert ode the popuktion whieh bey som pled. |Strotigicstion: Stratification consists od divi ( popastion into subsets (oalled strate) within jeS- whieh om iddependent sample js soleoted- Shatitiotion mens +o sort deto/poople folie to ditined- aren 6r losers.1D: 2020 ay Pega: 3 Answer fo the question no —4(8) Prodi Our problem here is -to see how a ‘van Joell somple. size n, should be alleerted amen dijgeren- etroto go thet -the stroditial estimator Se oh the pepirbtion mean will hove the smallest sf pest ble Vorianee - Formally, the problem ig te dolermine. Ny, Nr-- Np $0 as te minimize, wie nee vgg> 38ers ni © Subjcet fo the eonstramb thet the toda semple. eee S on, he. N= ZMi This ic equivolent +o cminton’ ging the donetion, VoV (Gi) + MSmicn) ee (sist )-ar+ A(Zni-x) ——O ml dor Ni, A being 9m unknown Lagoronaa's vmuelbiplier. Our cofexfus Knowledge dieates tbat for an extremum op the denetion, we should hove, Bh no ond BH po.ID: 202004 q ia Ne, Now differ emtiating the donetion ® with, qo ni ond oguotinge ho derivetive te tf ey L MGT Ny Di NYnj =0 Solving dor ni, ge ios ay ‘ Ne Didderantioting onee “gem. x anise oy JT's x6 i wn? c | on} | im. | in olution dor nj in s pang teat the sel - : © pre Lo minima of tha Sunetion Y dedined in 0 (Now) summing no NS ig | “Tr [ginee me rni | Dividing @ by © eee (ssi Henee ttre prea. LL | 1TD: 202004 Pogocg— Answer -fe fhe question no- 4(e) such strotiHemtion ie usually done in suck wo 06 te reduce fhe Variability of Hie. ghrete estimates - This is Generali: arahievod ba dormoti ee she strofe guchthat they Ore Tromegencavs within themselves with rex fo * guitabl dhosen our fron: voriable olled st-otidiostion variable - In strotitied oom plin , vevarchers dovide cubjects into subgrosps called etrote based on choraeteristios that they share. Onee devided, eae sub oup in rrandempy Seonpled vsiog another probabilitg. somping- masthod.Arswee =o The stION NO — S| 0) pokey maine ie 6 vera ai gomehew roleted to the Voriabhe of eo and heneo boos much importemee. a. delay Hee variable - ep pst if} sur Yariahle od ink, < por chases of phormaciati onl produced 4 wat lionay Veriable Gm be mvmbar of Lads tot bospitll Puscclore variable i¢ tenper et i$ guel sax that +the velotion ship of- oucns (org yoriable gon be sod te inprove the somelin design and sen mere acaurate estimate than i+ would have & rossible. when +thig mdormotion is ignoredID: 1209024 Regal Anwer to the question no— 5(6) for dhe ordinance mean a: v@ta) x qe eovess pond Vorionee ig wrotio ostrmection - =F) (em a7 wae) = (GE) (eG 82 hy) “Ta otto estimator will hove +he emaller yorinee if, V@ev(@ or id, Re 2Pp,S% 60 —__@ Te inspection of the expresion @ chown Hat the vedio astmator is not preferable: when atther. @ R20 ond Pyx 7° ‘on Bea 2) Pan ZO In this cose the Lue is pesitive B Reb >o , as ie requent ty. tha case im Proctice , the yatio estimeter is predeveble te the, ordinarg. astmoter it Coe — 2a hy a0, bb1D: 202024 ON et Paerig Tatis if, ie Su Pre > | > + Pe? AL. St %) a ( ef Fie amt ot vor ation mM ~ v oebfeient— oF vetigaes Pabtive Eftigi ances (ne) :- RE = Gp i: sf en ee \ ew AP SY eeu) L ee + 5-28 ($5) | TH Jollows than, tho ratio esHmate will be | more effident thon thea corres ponding: simple | rondem romping eatrmeda id the dorominefer 4!yr 1D: 202024 " Fegastg ——EE————E——EE Answer to the question no—s® 7 ayote retin estrmetor: a estimating, the eli ystio R vrdar auanaie vatio estrnation metles, one, is + estimate the retio od YF to X within ones tretum and then gJrom weighted te of these. geparote estimator aS a single astimotor oF He popaletion rotio. Gombined ratio ostimetors Tha metlod ad estimation inveles divst estimating ¥ ey usuel ohrotified onplecorasn Sy and —then astimacting. x by similor mean See the rotio of tse means wn be vad a an agtimedor of the yetio of Yo %: Nee Se . Sst Where the, subseript @ appear ret in vr Glands der wmbined.p: go2024 i —___—_"t “poser fe ate. gestion m= 6 sion coodjieient” are. estimates of 4, lanown opubstion poromneters end des eribe, vreledionship Lofween a dee le veEriable on dhe veg pense - In linear ¥ resin, Gefficient 4 Abe volbe thot rmsltipley tho. prediefor Yolue, lure is mother rom of- “Tha salaation proced dom somplit similar boot w modi fted simple, ron « (antiont. to that for he yatio estmeter: It hewever be emphasized that if the mee y ttels not na20ssary plowed sample s lorge +o app ef the modified splection procedure # ensure unbi dsedness, simple yandom somplig Sosdietent+ and veggastion ost mates are thep [D: 202024 Pega: at ee Ue Poser te the. qeestion-6Cb) The. voriable t ot ‘mberes Ig opproximotely. ino valoted to o Know slr vopiable x , pot doosn t= tend +o Pero. This implies thet lok Hoes Ake valotion is approximates incor , the. deesn't- (ee Hero [in such Qoses, Prssume thet, gh Abe ovigin. gi aot bx It He values of o and be is the Lest |opprostmaction to this relationship were Known, om estimate. of 4he. Y vous. of oxverrey pepaletien = No--bx = Not bv% —— oO Me estimate of populetion rmaan YF, Yo = ee where, Vv Lp = Lines Regression « | a vectbwe | Ra Papin mane=o bX. ena) + (gi-Y= F (Si-a— exif 12] | bo $a or _ Fy M8) neg x xy —n () on (3-12) + bNK “ha = 9 [E4e(R2] —_ @ Which is @lled the vaareatin anti meter a te peprlotion totally: Tae both side af ® br wv. we arrive. od} the wragression astimotor of potion mon! 13 5p=3tb(e-x) ——® Ae TR 2¢¢imoctor qven in © and) ro o 2% ave fixed in odvonced and bes 3 Yendom variables , it Deb oa preassiamed yolue of b-rp: 202024 es, E(a)rEn ( #2) = T+ bE (K- -%) =¥. Bgarea | his #8 showin Heat the. rari estimator | due is unbiased, de animus YO}ANeL oft Sun! First vebtig, bob pada e(e-8) [-y(ta)= ¥(P)—2b> or 2,4) tev 8 Oy disferentictirg © with reaped fo be > 4, = or ED ¥@ E(k x) 4-1) 7 E(k Jo © ) —o alla Ps the. optimum value of te esefieiant a F on R , 5° ‘a= 4p (2- x) Pee ) __ VERT) bh! = Rwy sol, WS by Sh:[D: 1202024 > f ~ oa _™ —~_ tt Sx Gubsti tug yalua, of be trom OD iy 0 7 @ wl VOhie) = @) ~2fyv@)+ Pry v() =) (Py) =u Gs 0%) —0 x sampling vorkinee Jor tee the, masn 5 obtained bat didi © A wv san ~ GP FOF - (4). (s5- =) “gay = Cah f69)JD: 202024 | V _ Figaios- tsar fo the quastion men 6D wagreesion asttmater bos the properties fe yotio estimtor The. pllessing ora Hea yo import prprtis thet & vapiression estinetor possesses : |e) The 7 ession ostimeter js a biased setimotor le -yandem som ling ye vagression pstimator ig osbtaced U-@ tha Fost foo olements ore salooted with probability. proprtionok. fo the square. of the difference jolweon the -volues at heir ourilian yoriate x, and @ +ho other N-% alements ore galeated trom the ramos wea elements at vondom tm vsuok manner wa ithout replocamen E The simile under sim fAnswer bo the question no ~7@) aa [Dtfevae. astinntor? Ke dot al [estimating o papulsction mean or a pepledi, Mon 6r O& population total is ‘gimilor +o 4 yogression meted m Hot + objusts the or down by an oma unt dey! aa mena Y om He dblrenee (#5) ov Gea). 0r Eds difterenee astimefor is of the Same orn of tha ratio ostimator but ampleys im plete of r, on or bitertly grosan jochr d, The renf didgeranee. estimator of the population ynstn 7 thes, F254 (x-%) ond the asrres nding differance. astimotar y hee popelation torah Y v, t= te OX - Where. tie. sobseript D stands dor didterenee Roduct ostimalor: Breduch— estimator marthed of- astimotion 1S an Olfernative. method. of- estimation im situet” where the uni liaarat yoriote X bears o. natPegacag - [D: 202024 ade * Answer +o the question nO ~F(b) A sepevete regrasion astimetor cen of cellews * Fun? Ge thu (RZ) ———-O is enn | "Thin woth Nop the overall! separate. Kearession stor Fras 0b the mean is © | 42 => When fel Ts estimeter ig ggmputed whan tt Cn be, osumed thot Hae pepetetion spi coefficient P, Vora Grom stratum +o stratum, ¢mee. Gury, is | Unbiosed oF Vn, Siag is als ombiased of > Sus = 3 Me Fun Ev, anpactad value, EE (Seas) = =E > aR Sin = ue Wy E (Scout) Wa Th = y. helVeladionship with Hea vewinte a 2 is fe metlod has i Rs | rag Goodman and emneists in donsidarin t Pes Ch Vp tna Jas estimator of Y and ¥ rap ; r* re _ a ne FE " Ye GE) ond Goa | Lob us ban coi thy astinetiog. ae product [ey Fy. for this, wo write, | gz-Ve=L +S] te -T8 | = # (5-7) + FEMHG-ED [the difteranee estimaler eon be used ones supplemen tors. inform atten {ts arnilyadle * an Independent variable . present- of & Eve. covmbtion bofoet" Y ond x does met wroasmmend the ve of ratio maothod of- estimation +e improve the aonvantionah estimator such as Yor In such % sitection, prodeet omeftod is 2h f to ba more offi tent, These “estimector ore to eee to ws ele ag . populetie” |r TD: 202024 Pega. 29 eet. is Independent} 5, a chraturn elloos rom © in Ow uetion with theorem Ia (o4 uation @. 2) thet pr on ( -ktie 1S -+he |e when varianee ig minimised’) . v (Bees) = ae us ae Jy (sate Si — OF Sag) 5h we (0 (S- Sa ) “nad Te SAD. Gy (EH) Grows) — Prswer -to the question no— 72 Th. limifation © + ie astimeter : OTe saporate meapression astimedor is liabde: fo Horace emargin of- bias whan sample |S smell in idividuo strote- OTe vorionee ef seporede regression estimator hos a longer contribution prom Sampling. eeyors th fa vagirassion eae}ieient[D: 202024 | r. Ansuier to the question no~e (a ‘h geyslemetic- Saenpling: Sashemette- Samps hype ob probobi lif. sompling- meh of gareple- umber Grom & oe ppl orlaoted- ocesrding to a vondom startin bot with © dinad, periedia. ‘interval. apetematie some 1s the predfered method over simple: vondem sam ling when 0 shal wnaintains low risk of dete smonupalstion + Dek monupttation is when roreayehers yaerder or postrucfore- o dobo. oot, whieh ¢@xn svosult int of he dato. mor dewyease im the volidit Gptemaic. sampling is & sivpler and ctraightsorword then random sorpling « dra wide Serre reba[D:202024 a _ Pages a4 7 Prewer to He. question re— 9( | Froesh! i g is the mean od & Simple rand, mele of site on, F wn se - Sizetbi, fetanger Ce 2 axa wo consfonts - | 1 | K-¢ pemet® sent | we = Gis in Where somphe. Flares Retemodie. ee sympbra_ with (b i" NGI frend: = |