40 Present perfect simple or continuous? 1 Differences in use ‘An action that is completed: ‘An activity that is still continuing, or has just ended: I've driven en automatic car before. ve been driving since nine o'clock. ‘emphasis on the result of a past action: ‘emphasis on the cause of a present result: The mechanic has repaired the car (It's teady for Why is Caroline dirty? the customer now.) ‘She's been repairing the car. ‘To answer the questions “how much?’ or ‘how —_To answer the question “how long?” many? We've played six games. We've been playing for three hours. Karl hes driven 200 miles. Karl's been diving since nine o'clock Time expressions: always, recently before, ever, Time expressions: for since (NOT alvvays, yet) already, just, stil, yet, for and since : I've always lived in that flat. 2 He claayrbecr dug ia that oe 1've lived there since | was born. ¥ Fv been living there for years. 2 State verbs With state verbs (e.g. understand, know, be, own) we use the present perfect simple, not the present perfect continuous: BD & Fre beon-knowing Ben-since Lwas-six. ¥ I've known Ben since I was six. We can use always and never with these verbs: I've always liked ice cream. Switzerland has never had a king. Have you always owned a car? State verbs > Unit 29.3 Some verbs (e.g. live, work, teach, study) describe an action which continues over a period of time, not a single event. We can use these verbs with for or since in the present perfect simple or continuous. There's very little difference in meaning: ‘How long have you lived/have you been living here?’ ‘We've lived/We've been living in this house since we got married.” Alice has studied/has been studying maths for three years. 116Practice 1 Choose the correct words italics. In two places both answers are possible. Listen and check. Soevaueswrse Jake doesn’t have any family, He's always((ived)/ been living on his own. He never answers the phone. I've called / beer calling six times! Sorry I'm so late. I've waited / been waiting for a call from the New York office. Debbie knows Seattle really well. She's lived / been living there for two years. I'm afraid the house is a mess. We've decorated / been decorating it. Look at the new garden lights. Sam's just turned / been turning them on. Carol’s an expert on economics. She's studied / been studying it for years. Harry’s an old friend of mine. I’ve known / been knowing him since we were kids. Marking essays is hard work. I’ve marked / been marking twenty this evening. I'm curious about the food here. [ haven't tried / been trying Mexican food before. hate cabbage. I’ve never liked / been liking it. 2. Match sentences 1 and 2 with A and B in each pair. © 1 Rick has had a hice me, ————, => A He's been playing in the garden. 2 Carlo needs a shower. B He's played in the garden all day. 1 1 I've just read that detective story. A Sol know who the murderer is. 2. V've been reading that detective story. B_I don’t know who the murderer is yet. 2 1 Wecan start making dinner now. A I’ve been cleaning the kitchen 2. Sorry my clothes are dirty. B I've cleaned the kitchen. 3 1 Jane's fixed the computer. A. You can use it now. 2 Jane’s been fixing the computer. B It’s taken her most of the day. 4-1 Your towels are ready. A. I've been washing them. 2. Your towels are still damp. B I’ve washed them. 5 1 The suitcases are empty. A I’ve been unpacking. 2 The suitcases are half empty. B I've unpacked. 3 Complete the conversation with suitable forms of the words in brackets. Roy BEN ROY BEN Roy BEN Roy BEN isten and check. You look tired. (0) Have you been. Not exactly, I (1).. king, (you work) all day? _.. do) some research on the Internet. 1(2) oouvnnununnn (HEY) to get some information about one of our old friends from college. Who? Dave Colston. Do you remember him? YOS.1 (3) ccessssanansienninsnnn (Ot see) him for years! But what do you want to find out? ‘Well. I (4).. (just get) an email from Philip Markham. He wants to get in touch with Dave but he doesn’t know where he is now. He thinks Dave ©) (live) in the Far East for the last few years. Yes. I remember he was always interested in oriental philosophy. Exactly. I (6) (look at) six or seven different websites already, but 1 (7) (not find) much information. 8) cssnssnnneinnesnnen (YOU tty) that Website that reunites old college friends? ‘Yes. 1 (9) sossueussnenene (alteady 100k at) that one, but he’s not on it. I posted a message for some of his other friends on some other websites and 10) roses (wait) for a reply. But so far I’ve heard nothing ... 7Review MmobDuLE7 1 unrrs 36 anp 37. Put the word in brackets into the correct position in each sentence. never I've / been to a Mozart opera. (never) We haven't heard from our grandson. (still) Have you done the shopping? (yet) No thanks, 've eaten. (already) Have you tried Indian food? (before) It’s been two years I gave up eating sugar. (since) Has she been horse-riding? (ever) Have you seen your old geography teacher? (recently) That’s the doorbell - I think Carrie's arrived. Gust) Thaven't been on a good holiday a long time. (for) 10. This is the hest essay I've read. (so far) erVvannuwnas 2 unis 36,37 AND 38 Find ten more mistakes in the email and correct them. Hi from Kirsty subject Hi Stewa vm sony its be6GC6 long since | wrote fo you, but you know how busy tve been for ast saw you. I've finished just my fist month in the new job and its really hard work. But Ive always want to be a mechanic so I suppose | can’t complain now that | am one! Actually, the job isn’t too bad. Last week I've worked on a Ferrari and that was pretty exciting! We get all kinds of cars and customers in the garage. I've met never so many strange people before! My boss is quite nice, He worked at the garage for years and years, so he’s very experienced. He gave me a lot of adhice since | started and he doesn’t rind helping me when I'm not sure what to do. He's yet told me he thinks I'm going to be one of their best mechanics one day. Of course I need to get a lot mote experience before that happens! ‘Anyway. How are you? Have you got a wedding invitation yesterday? Sarah Bradshaw is getting married to Simon Wates| I've never seen her for ages but it's fantastic news and I'm really happy for her. Are you going to the wedding? 3 units39AND40 Complete the sentences using a present perfect simple or continuous form of the verbs in the box. Jook-at not water play read wash work ‘Why are there pictures all over the floor?’ 'I king at my old photos.’ “Your houseplants look very dry.’ ‘I know. [ = them recently.’ Le cue, this game for over two hours and I still haven't reached level 2! cee _.... this shirt three times and | still can’t get that stain out. “What about this book?’ ‘No. I. already _.. that one. “Your shoes are dirty.’ Yes. I. in the garden’. wRwrnao 1184 ai.unirs Complete the three conversations using suitable forms of the words in brackets. sautsMaN Good morning. Can I help you? cusromer Yes. (0) I've, just seen... (I just see) one of your cars on the Internet and I'd like to arrange a test drive. sauisMan Of course. (1) (you / take) a test drive with us before? customer No, (2) (J not have). carne Hello. Carrie Simpson. mp Carrie. It's Fred here from the garage. (3) (1/ work) on your car all moming and I can’t find anything wrong with it caxee Oh. (4) (you / look) under the car? mp Yes. (5) (1 [already do) that and it seems to be fine. carne — Well, I heard a strange noise when (6) (1/ drive) it yesterday! misHa I. know I look dirty. (7) = 3 osu» (1 / Clean) the attic all day. yacaut Oh really? (8)... (1/ not be) up there for ages. maistia Yes, there's dust and rubbish everywhere. (9) (L/ already bring) most of the stuff downstairs. What about those old suitcases? 0) .. ... (I/ not look at) them yet. ’ll do that tomorrow. 5 ALLUNITS Read the information and think of the best word for each gap. Write one word only. Formula 1: Key facts + Formula One (or FI) is the highest level of international car racing. For many years there © been a world championship each yer, involving a series of races around the world Last year there (1) nineteen races, Each race is known as a Grand Pric + Formula One as we know it today has (2) in exstence (3) 1946, although it. goes back to the great races of the 1920s and 30s. (4) the last fifty years the sport 6) been under the control of the FIA. * In ts early years the Formula One competition (6) ‘mainly in Europe, but races now take place on almost every continent. # Formula One (7) often been described as the world’s most expensive sport. Each car costs hundreds of millions of dollars to build, and costs ® been increasing even more in recent years because of the use of advanced electronics. * Grand Prix racing can be a very dangerous sport. There have ° several fatal accidents. One of the worst accidents (0) the death of Ayrton Senna at the San Marino Grand Prix in 1994, * The UK (11) produced the most world champions, but itis the German, Michael Schumacher, who has (12) the title most often (seven times). 119 7Test MODULE 7 Present perfect Choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 1 Have you the Egyptian pyramids? A saw B seen C seeing > Unit 36 2 Gerald to Italy. He gets back next week. A hasbeen B have been C has gone > Unit 36 3. Has your sister an Italian car? A ever driven B driven ever C driven never > Unit 36 4 Have you.,.......? ‘A been here before B before been here C being before here > Unit 36 5 I'm going to be late for the meeting. My car A broke down just B has just broken down C is just broken down > Unit 36 6 I don’t know if I've passed the exam. I haven't had my result A already B yet C still > Unit 36 7 That house.,,......, for more than two years, I wish somebody would buy it! A isfor sale B was for sale C has been for sale > Unit 37 8 My cousin Clai ... a doctor for five years now. Ais B hasbeen C was > Unit 37 9 [think that was the best film A I'veeverseen B leversee C I've seen ever > Unit 37 10 Sandy's been to the opera A last year B many times C yesterday > Unit 38 11 Marcia had a great career as a dancer. She... at the ballet company for twenty years. A hasbeen working B worked © has worked > unit 38 12 [......... the engineering course two weeks ago. A have started B have been started C started > Unit 38 13. Teresa is exhausted. She since eight this morning. A ’sbeen worked B's been working C ‘ve been working > Unit 39 14 Thaven’t seen you for ages. What 2 A have you been doing B have you been done C have been you doing > Unit 39 15. ‘Why are you so hot?’ ‘T......... at the gym.’ Aran B 'verun C ‘ve been running > Unit 39 16 David loves San Francisco. He there for the last six months. A lives B is living C ’s been living > unit 39 17 You can collect your glasses now. The optician them, A has been repairing B is repairing C has repaired > Unit 40 18 Why didn’t you answer the phone earlier? 1 you five times today. A ‘ve been phoning B 've phoned C am phoning > Unit 40 19 We're old friends. 1 her since I was a stall child. A 'veknown B ‘ve been knowing knew > unit 40 _ in a big city? ‘A Have you always been living B Have you always lived C Do you live always > Unit 40 120