GOLD NEW EDITION Sealed @ Pearson CoursebookExam information p.4 [Progress test 135 [Asn ctadvenure 4 p38 Present perfect simple and, continuniis p32 Word bulding: noun suffxes 9.33 Fimn 34 Narrative tenses Time phases p40 | Phrasal verbsin context p39 Subject Objact questions pad Hota acl travel pt | Bxiteme adlectves p43 eT ‘orammar i [neo a 4] Making contact Prosant simple and present Callorsions communication, | Multis choice Pat §) \p6 continuous PB ‘amily relationships 97 Pleased to oret you! p.10 Sen patenting andinfinte | Phcal ete a actives in Oo plz context p10 L Review 1p15 bord Fe 2 | changes [Pecen srectanapastsingle | Rowing nin 6 eT pis p79 Dependent prepastions 018 | Befntely an experience to | Pastsimpe usd in art wouti 22 | remember'p.20 im [Review2p25 one 3, | Passions Countable ad uncountable nouns; | Collocations pastimes .27, Multiple matching art 7) pas Quantiers p28 Phra ere wh in p30 Daredevils p30 ‘Multiple choice (Part 5) A case shave p38 Review4pa7 | Making comparsons p 62 6 Working lives Finding ajob p 58 ccc oc cc me Sigal SeOTamorenase |r! 4ey08 Review 5557 a ‘Multiple matching (art 7), Prapmsitinal pees n ps Sitgheradncceynst | Word Bling px0 ne msnan a Phrasal verbs context p60 Prepnsinnal phones p63, | Bedscing words remcortext 64 | ly Progress tet 2567 i i Well-beinc | Zero, first and second canditionals | Adjectives: prefixes and suffixes ‘Mulltiple choice (Part 5) 7 3 poo [ors ptt Utsines 76 Pils ctbonitepevided ihr | Euan fina 972 | p75 Dependent prpostons p76 | i Review 7579 Natura shady Terabe nia p80 apne txt Pare) 8 pe | Cousatvehave p86 Phrasal vein corte pA | My reen passions p84 pre And entire 197 Fg | Future society ute perfecto cornuaus p92 [Comptespat | Maplecoe ans) poe | Bored speech pO Incas toonage fran 994 Progress test 3999 an = Z EF 10 | Stobal culture Relative clause 104 ‘Ane and ature 107 ] Mutinle matrhing (Pat 7) | 10 | Sto2 fries p08 Colocatonsdo anda 9109 | Festal aroun ne word p 102 frttudaekerbep 10 Review 109111 z 1 | Style and design ] Mods of posssiy anceertainty | Fashion and design 113 Gooped ext Far 6) oe pial wet ating IE Vier 6 sch vey, to, enough 118 a Review 119721 eT 12 | Esenet an eevery Third eondonaland.with 124] rata verb 9125 sige sching ae? Repotng verb p28 fesaordhandtcoven Sence | Women in scence four sping stores p122 Progress test 4p 131 ‘Support for Speaking tasksp.134 Communication activities p.140, ‘Grammar reference p45 Writing reference p.163fore) aa Ey fsxy Part 1) “Multiple choice cloze (Part 1) Multis choice:short extracts Pat 1) | tnervew (Part 1) ‘ivoducton to essay witing: Linking | Living without 3 phone? 2 pT Giving personal information p13 dose nol emailer Pare a} ‘Open close (Port 2) "] Sentere= eanipletin (Pa 2) ‘ong wun Fare 2) ermal phrases p24 Time Gateway arewand.excting |The power ef advertising p 18 Comparing photesp.17 senes p23 Review Part 2) ot ‘Word formation (Par 3) Multiple matching (Part 3) Colaborative ask Part 3) Fediowing afl: Paragraphing p34 | Userrevrews p33 Hobbies p27 | Discussing and imeracting 9.29 | Feport (Part 2) Key word transformation (Part 4) p45 | Sentence completion (Part 2) Long tun Part 2) | "Aiganking information; Register 9 A6 [Jessie's round-the word tp p42 | Specueting pal say (Part 1) "| Multiple choteeelaze (Par 1) ‘Multiple matching (Part 3) Collaborative task (Fart 3) Linking ideas p56 The consumer wins! p85 Shopping experiences 9.49 ‘Making and responeing to suggestions p3 frallteter of application J Open claze (Par 2) Sentence completion (art 2) Collaborative taskand discussion Fomallanguage pe My worsejob ever pc Workinyas on action pes (wars 3 ena), Introducing answers and comments | p58 | | irl emai/etar (Part 2) Word formation (Part 3) Multiple matching (Prt 3) Long turn (Fert 2) [Gung advice; Informa phrases p.78 | Happiness? p71 Alternative therapies 74 | Comparing and speculating p70 tele (Part 2) | Key word tansformation (Part 4) p.87 | Multiple choice (Part 4) Collaboratverask (rans) Paaphrasing; Planning your answer | Inventions nspred by nature p81 | Asking fr carifcation and repetition nee | pes opr (Part2) (Open cloze (Part 2) Sentence completion (Part 2) Long turn (Far 2) Ssronyme nd paraphrasing poe | Wearable technology p27 Vising Robutete etry rebar | Baling Wt Unramier Words p93 exhibition p91 "ile Pare 2) Multiple choice doze (Port 1) Multiple cice shor enact (Fart) | covlaboratve task and escLSsION (igansing information; Expressing | The smaesttheatre nthe works | p 108 (Paris 3 and 4) stiude p10 p.109 Ging and asking foran opinion; Giving reasons Talking about experterices 105 Revew (Part 2) ‘Word formation (Par 3) ‘Multiple matching (Pat 3) ‘Long turn (Part2) Posening > product 120 Aealy Mopportunty arcrsety? — | Ayantrutaiplep 112 speculating. pals if fucay (Part 1) [keyword trensiomnetion (feria) | Mule uoice (Parca) ‘Collaborative task and discussion ins of contrast p.130 pias Ascience far 126 (Parts 3 and 4) Interacting with your partner p. 129 sal verbslistp.175 _Iregularverbfamiliesp.178 ——Practicetesto.179 Audio serints n 194, Contents 3Exam information ‘The Cambridge English: B2 Fist examination is made up of four papers, each testing a different area of ability in English ‘The Reading and Use of English peper is worth 40 percent of Ue marks (60 marks), and each of the other papers is worth 20 percent (40 marks each). There are five arades. A, Band C are pass arades; D and E are fail arades, Reading and Use of Eng! ish (I hour 15 minutes) i Paper 1 haszeven parts. Porta 1 4 contain grammar and vocabulory tacks within texte or a¢ dzereta itame, Ports 5 7 contain toxts and accompanying reading comprehension tasks. You write your answers on an answer sheet during the test. [Focus | Vocabulary/Lexico-grammatical ares ask | You read a text with eight. gaps. You choose the best word or phrase to fitin each gap from Mipsis oes, set of four ootions (A B.C or D). sina Part2 Fouus | Grammar/Lexico-grammatical a aaa ‘Open clare Task | Youread a text with eight gaps. You have to think ofthe most appropriate word to fil each | gap. You rnust use one word only No options a rovided, Part 3 Focus _| Vocabulary/Lexico-grammatical pwtordlermmatiott Task | Youreada textwith eight gaps. You are given the stems of the missing words in capitals at theends ofthe lines with gaps. You have to change the tor ot each word ttt the context. Part 4 Focus | Grammar and vocabulary Key word Tak " “Thera are civ iterns Vou are given a sentence and a ‘key wewel’ You have to complete ‘transformation second, gapped sentence using the key word. The second sentence has a different | grammatical structure but must have a similar meaning to the original | bares Fore | Retail apininnattitide, text exganisation features (eg exemplfication, reference). tone Multiple-choice purpose, main cea, implication —_ eens [Task | There are sixfour-option multiple-choice questions. You have to choose the correct option (AR. Car D)hased an theinformation inthe text Part 6 Focus | Understanding text structure, cohesion, coherence, global meaning Gapped text Task | You read a text from which six sentences have been removed and placed in jumbled order after the text. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use, You must decide ie ‘for where inthe text the sentences have been removed Part7 Focus _| Specticinformation, detal opinion and attitude | Multiple matching yp a ‘You read ten questions or statements about a text which has been divided into sections, fr ceyaral shot taxte Yrs hava ta derirle wich cartion at text cantaine the infarmatinn relating to each question or statement, Writing (| hour 20 minutes) ‘The Writing paper is divided into two parts, and you have to complete one task from each part. Each answer carries equal marks, | you should net spenc! longer en ene then another [Part Focus | Outlining and discussing issues on a particular to Task_| Part 1s compulsory and theres no choice of questions. Youhave to write an essay based fonatitle and notes. You have to write 140-190 words. Part2 | Focus | Writing task for particular purpose based on @ specific topic, context and target reader | Tack [Part 2 has three tacks ta chose from. which may inelure * aletteroremail. * enartice. * areport. » areview You have to wiite 140-190 wordsforart 2. For more information on the Writing paper see the Writing reference (page 163) 4. Fxam information TTListening (approximately 40 minutes) [There are four parts in the Listening paper, with a total of thirty questions. You write your answers on the question paper and then you have five minutes at the end of the exarn to transfer them to an answer sheet. In each part you will hear the text(s) twice, The texts may be monoloques or conversations between interacting speakers. There will be a variety of accents. J Part 1 Focus | Each extract will have a different focus, which could be: main point, detail, speaker purpose, Extracts with muttiple- ‘eeling, attitude and opinion, function and agreement between speakers. ipholca auertons Task | Youheor eight shor, urveloted exiocts of about ihiny seconds eau They may be ‘monologues or conversations. You have to answer one three-option multiple-choice question (A, B or C}tor each extract rert2 Focus | Spectfc information, detail ted opinion Sentence completion 73 Vocabulary phrasal verbs in context El Look at the underlined phrazal verbs in the article. Choose the meaning in italics which is closest to the meaning in the article. 1 find out:dlscover by chance/learn information 2. bump inta: hit someone or something accidentally! meet unexpectedly 3. meet up (with): meet someone to do something join something together 4 fay GUL. put lores i the sur wo Uiyrineec up wnt fiends reqularly in one place 5 set off:start something working/start ajourney 6 turn up:happen unexpectedly /arrive 7 pickup:come and colect/ift adjectives in context complete the sentences with these adjectives from the article. distant enthusiastic local non-commercial 1. Idon’t think Jack is forthe job because he hasn't got the right qualifications. 2. Weusually do our shopping in rather than in town fifteen kilometres away. 3. Sarah's qota larae extended family, with areat-uncles and aunts and lots of cousins! 4 Ihe new project is run by volunteers and is completely, shops 5 Ournew teachers very loves her classes. 6 Shaking hands stn) people in the UK. and everyone way of greetinga GRAMMAR FOCUS Verb patterns: -ing and infinitive > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.i46 BD Work in pairs. Have you made any arrangements for your next holiday? Compare your ideas. DD Read the email quickly. Why are Mark and Annie going to Paris? HiRaquel, We were so glad to learn that you are going tw be out yreeter wien we Wome Wu Pats We love seeina films and musicals, and Les Misérables is our favourite, so we're carning ta Pati find out ebout the placesiin the story. We'd really ke you to show us around. After staying in Paris for a week, we've arranged to goto Malta, where the frst season of Garne of Thrones was fimed! We hope to have a greeter there too. I now there ate professioral guldes but ‘we'd rather go round with a areeter like you ‘Meeting you is going to be a real pleasure and Wank you fur agreeing to help us We can't wait to see all the different lacations! Best wishes, Matk and Annie Strand Read the email ag to the rules (1-8). and match the underlined examples Use ing 1. aftersomaverhs Example: love seeing 2. asasubject ofa sentence. 3 after prepositions. Use to infinitive after some verbs. to show purpose. after some adjectives. after some phrases Use infinitive without to 8 aftersome phrases woos (2) match the headings in the box to the groups of phrases. ing + to-infinitive + infinitive without to 1 2 3 would love Id better loften practise rm expecting Let's Ican'tstand V'vearranged Ishould tim keen on Ian't wait I'm lookina forward to I'm earning Lieally enjoy LANGUAGE TIP When we say I'd better, the contraction is for had, not would. The full formis / had better. ‘Complete the phrases in Activity 4 to make true sentences about you. Example: would love fo wsit Paris ane day. [choose the correct option in italics to complete the santancer, 1. The best way to improvelimproving your English isto speak it while you'te on holiday. 2. 'minterested in t0 go/going round museums and galleries ‘when I'm in another city 2 | prefer travel/to travel by coach than train when | goon long journeys 4 'mexcited ta eamnslearning about another culture when I'm un holiday. 5 prefer ta go somewhere at the last minute, without ta arrange/arranging ita long time before. 6 To go/Going away with friends is more interesting than t0.g0/going with your family Work in pairs. Are the sentences in Activity 6 true for you?Interview giving personal information 1 what questions do you usually ask someone you meet for the first time? Look at the questions and tick any that you mentioned in activity 1. 1 Where ove you rom? 2 What doyou ike about living there? 3. What do you hope to doin the future? 4 Why are you learning English? 2 Tellme something about you fad. & Hav you mar haan in tbl with the police? 7 Would you rather live in a city or inthe countrytde? 15 What do you ike to d in your fee time? 9 How much do you weigh? 10 How old ave you? 1 Whats the weather like in your countey? 1 Can have your phone number? SPEAKING Focus | | © Work in pairs. Which questions in Activity 2 do you ink are (uo personal to ask when you meet someone for the first time? Why? 1) Work in pairs. Read the question and tive students’ answers (A-E). Which is the best. answer for this part of the test? What do you think is wrong with the other answers? o you belong to many social networking sites? A Yes,1do.1"'m alweys online! Everyone | know ison more than one. | think it's great ta share news, photos, stories and keep in touch. B_ Unhappily, haven't taken advantage of the ‘opportunity. In spite of a number af problems Itruly believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages © Yas, 1.90 out quite often. I meat up with my friande afterschool in the café and we olten go to parties at the weekend D_ Idoond spend o lot of time on them. Iguess | check them a bit too often, at least that’s what my fr say, but | need to keep up with what people are saying. }o0d to be in touch with friends, of course, but Jals0 use one or two for work, sol lke to check out how people in my line of business are doing too and, of courte, there are always adverts for E Yes,do. EXAM TIP In Part 1 of the Speaking test, the examiner will ask you questions about yourselt Don't we along prepared statement or a short one-word answer. ©) os tisten to two students doing Part 1 and completa the examiner's questions. Where are What do you lke What do you enjoy ‘Are you interested Could yuu ell us summettiny Do yau prefer to ? italics welch 1 2 3 4 5 6 [Di tisten again. choose the opti you think is true about the students’ answers. 1. Theyare too jonattoo shortithe riaht lenath, 2. They are too formal/too informalfin the right style, 3. They answer/don't answer the examiner's questions. Work in pairs. Turn to page 139 and follow the instructions.14 Unit t Making contact Essay D WRITING REFERENCE pp 167-168 DD Work in pairs. Read the exam task below and answer the questions. 1 Whoare you writing the essay for? How many points do you need to write about? 3° What extra point could you write about? Inyour English class you have been taking about social networking sites. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay. Isit better to talk to friends face to face oroniine? Notes Write about 1 what you want to talk to your friends about 1) & teseecttoie you have 3 (your own idea) Write an essoy using all the Hotes aid yiviny recsuns for your point of view. Write 140-190 words. Mast people today spend a lt of time communicating with their fionds online oF by phone, but i it better ta have a fist fm asewttlon Peioally (Sch 2 depend on soverl things Fst, dopends om why you are communicating. For example, you juse wane £0 make an arrangement oF give omen some information then it's eaier and quicker toemal tart or make a quick call. On the other hand, if se wnant to tlk about yomeching seriou or important, £5 Prbalitetortoactualy esti Secondly, you have to think about how much time you have. It you'e on Facabeck or another focal networking ie, yosive probably got lot and lott of fiend It'rimporble to {all of them! So, you have to communicate online, Finally, forme, it depends how clase your friends are. have ‘2 couple of ary good fronds and lke to go out with thom ragulary and spend time with them. Seeing them face-to- fice it very important Toeanelade, {woul say that both types of communication are good, bt for diferent rears. goggggggaggggag | Ey Read the essay again. Has the writer followed, the advice below? Write about both points in the question and include a thi une. Organise yaur escay inte clear paragraphs Include an introduction and a conclusion, Use sequencing words to organise your points logically Give reasons and examples for your point of view. the writer's opinion. a sequence of ideas, 4 anexample 2 3 4 5 {Dy Find words/phrases in the essay which introduce 1 2 5. acondusian, 3 acontrasting idea, EXAM TIP. } ‘Write abaut both points given in the question and add a third one. Use a separate paragraph for each point. B Work in pairs. Read the exam task and think about what vou could write about for the first ‘two points in the essay. Make notes. a00009909999999 Inyour English class you have been talking about how you spend your free time and who you spend your free time with. Now your teacher has asked youta write an essay. Isit better to spend more of your free time with your friends or with your family? Notes rte about 1 different types of activities and interests 2 how busy your family iz 3 (your own idea) ‘write an essay using all the nates and giving reasons for your point of view. Write 140-190 words [B) Now add an idea of your own. Think about what you could write and make notes. Write your essay. Use the advice in Activity 3 and the language in Activity 4 to help you. El check your essay. Have you followed the advice in Activity 3?Bd complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets, DWht son ansnnnne (YOU/do) this evening? Would you like to go out fora meal? 21 (mect up) with Julie and Gregory tonight... (you/want) to come along too? 3 Corinne (work) as a nurse. Today se (show) some students round the hospital 4 Hey! Why (you/use) that tablet? it (belong) to me! 5 Excuse me, when (the next tain to Glasgow/leave? 6 really (not understand) why Justin (ike) that band so much. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. out get keep know make chat ha 1. It'ssometimes difficult to when you change schools or jobs. 2 shallwe together at the weekend and ‘an shaping? 3. think it’s important to, members of your extended ferily 4 My ster isin the USA for a year but we online every week 5 Wemoved to London last week and we haven't got to ‘our neighbours yet. 6 Mydoughters usually their classmates after school new friends in touch with, with a yroup uf Match 1-6 ta AF to make cantances. 4. Youcan look 2 Mipickyou 3 Let'smeet 4 Don'tworry til find 5 Remember to check what time you needto set 6 | roally hate it when people'turn A. offifyou want to arrive for nine. B _upwith Giorgio and Elena this evening, © upatthedoor without warning D_ up the new words in your dictionaries E outtnetmes ot the trains. F _upoutside the hotel at 8:30 Ed choose the correct option (A, B, Cor D) to complete the sentences. ‘Would you rather....... tothe cinema or toa club? A go B togo = €_qoing She did an evening class....... her French, A fortoimprove B toimprove € forimproving Alte oon, YOUN Rormi, I" Uavelling to Sily A visit B tovist © visiting According to Dave,..... video games is pointless. A. playing B toplay € play We are really looking forward ....... you at the party, A see B toseeing C tose Teachers can't stand students... during elaze A text B texting totext Complete the toxt with the phrase: of frequency in the box. allthetime hardly ever never quite often sometimes very often Entertainment nd leisure Megan Trevor is typical of her generation, She dosen't 90 to the cinema (1)... [ust once oF twice a manth. Shed rather waich fs on her ltop, She ‘ever switches off her smartchone ~ she is connected 2 . She rarely eats out in proper reStauranis theyre er too experisve — but she 8) onus AIS Nast ford rest rants asa reat — maybe once a month, She doesn't goto the gyn. IASTERD, SAE (4) a, 9008 OQQNG = SE doss this several mes a week. Megan isa city if and © 008 tothe countiyside — maybe conc or ice & ye is enough for er; she finds i far foogiiet. Sre (6) _visis museums she Can't remember the last te she went io one — but she tikes fo go on vitual visits through her computer. Unit 1 Making contact 15eS discuss the questions. ‘What ie the firet thing you notice whan you mast zomaane new (e.g, their clothes, their hair their shoes, their expression)? 2 People say, You never get a second chance to make a first impression. What do you ‘think this means? Bo you agree? Why/Why nat? Vocabulary describing feelings BD) write down three adjectives to describe how you are feeling at the moment. Then work in pairs and compare your ideas. Say why you are feeling like this. Ey Match the feelings (1-10) to the explanations (A-J). 1 Imexcited, A. This story is very funny. 2 mnervous. B_ |didn’texpect to see my teacher here. 3. rinupse. © [keep hearing this strange noise at right 4 'mexhausted. —_D__'m going toa concert tonight with my friends. 5 I'mbored E_ fve got an ora testin ten minutes! 6 'msurprsed F have no idea which isthe right direction. 7 tin scared G_I'vejust heard that one of my favourite colleagues is leaving, 8 Imannoyea Hi Mysister keeps borrowing my clothes without asking 9 I'mamused. 1 thardly got any sleep lastnight. 10 I'meonfused J I've aot nathina to do. DD choose three adjectives from Activity 3 and write another explanation for each, Then work in pairs. Your partner must guess which adjectives your explanations refer to. By Which of the adjectives in Activity 3 can also have the ending -ing? 16 unit2chLANGUAG Use -ed adiectives 10 describe how you fee Use Jing adjectives to describe something that causes an emotion Work in pairs. Choose three of the adjectives you identified in Activity 5 and tell your pertner about things tat make you feel this way. Feample:/ find it very annoying when my computer Long turn Look at the photos and answer the questions. 1 Where are the people 2 What shappening in each photo” 3. Whats the link between the two photos? AM Ii Part 2 of the Speaking test, you need to compare two pliotus anu ariswer a question. This means that you. need to talk about how the photos are the same and how they are different © 06 Listen to the examiner's question and tick the two things the students have to do. Say what is similar or different about the photos. Dascribe the photos in det Talk about their own experience of similar situations ay which photo they prefer. waune Describe the peo} emotions ©07 Listen to two students’ answers. Which of the things in Activity 8 does each student do? Complete the sentences about the photos with the words in the hax however main other whereas In the first photo the woman looks a bit bored inthe second photo the children inn happy ‘The person in the first photo is an adult In the second photo, the people are children The children look excited. The woman, on the id looks tired The differences between the pictures are the ages of the people and the reasons why they ke alifrent. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about differences between the way you look now and the way you looked when you were a child. Use some of the phrases in Activity 10. ice is that I hale Example: The main dif esr anid now have short long hair Work in pairs. Turn to page 134, Student A:do the task. Student B: listen and make notes so you can give your partner feedback. Then turn to page 136 and swap roles. Work in the same pairs and talk about the exam tasks in Activity 12. Which of the things In Activity 6 did your partner do” What can you tell him/her about his/her answer? unit 2 1LISTENING FOCUS By Discuss the questions. 1 Whatare the best ad ertisements on television at the moment? Why? vertisements can really persuade peor WhyWhy not? to buy things they haven't ising has changed overt! Sentence completion Bi Work in pairs. You will hear a man called Barry Turner, who works for a car manutacturer, talking about advertising. Read the sentences below and follow these steps. dict what topics he might talk about (e.g. how 2. Try to prodict what type of informat power advertising Before Barry joined the company, people Barty says that the new campaign used to make (1) about _helped increase the company’s the cars it produced (4) Barry mentions that Saivon became part Accordina to Barty, the most important of the car company Clarentiin the year thing about an advertisement is the @ = (5) Rarry thinks that Clarenticattempts ta An advert fnr yoghurt ised a improve the cars' reputation afterthe (6) to change the image merger were very (3) of its product. © 08 Listen and complete the sentences in Activity 2 with a word or EXAM TIP short phrase. Read the sentences carefully beforeyoulsten. Vocabulary to getan idea about what you might hear and dependent prepositions what sort of information you will be looking for. © complete the questions with the prepositions in the box. Remember that the words i you have to write down about (x2) at for of to are exactly the same as on the recording — you don't 1. Would you like to work either a car company or an adverts have to change them, Why/Why not? 2. What products do people make a lot of jokes today? 2 When did you last laugh ajoke or afin? 4 Have you ever forgotten an important event like a birth ameeting? 5 ou think a lot of money might make a difference your life? 6 Whatreminds you four childhood? 1B work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Activity 4. [Gl Wiorictnspoits, Choasc product thaeifoca® Haven good adverdilng ‘campaign and discuss how you could improve it 18 Unit2{00 How has your area changed in recent years? Think about the population, the environment, things to do, architecture, etc. BD eed the comment. What changes dues the writer mention? Our cities are changing. Have you seen any big changes where you live or in a city you know? Leave a comment about some of the chanaes you've noticed. Steve865: When was a student, |(1) ied in Cambvidge for four years. t's avery beautiful city, with ots of lovely od butlaings. couple of montns ago tlavelea back thereto visita friend, She works atthe university and {3) she's been in Cambridge fora year now, It was ely to yo back fur vst bu sey, some parts oF the ty (a) have changed enormous! The centre isthe same -they cant change that - but near the station they've built lots of big Liha uf fats an Uffkes, At they (5) haven't finished yet-theye stil buiding more blocks and more shops! | (6) got a taxi to my friend's house from the station and | dnt recognise the steels atall i's a shame, but | suppose that's progress. Present perfect and past simple > GRAMMAR REFERENCE p46 ED Look at the underlined verbs (1-6) in the comment in Activity 2. Which ones are in the ‘A. pastsimple (the past form of the verb)? B present perfect simple (have/has » past participle}? (G Match the underlined verbs in the comment (1 6) to the uses (A F). A We use the pest simple tu alk about a past action when we ave the exact time it haonened B_ Wecse the present perfect to talk about. past action but we don’tsay when it happened luecause we don't lene it rit en impart © We use the present perfect to talk abouta situation ‘that began in the past and still continuing, We use the past simple for an action that conunued for a period of time in the past. E_ We use the present perfect with ever, never, already, ‘stand yet. F We use the past simple i Lak abut a post ation but ‘we don’t give the exact time it happened 2. Sofialived in Paris El Work in pai GRAMMAR FOCUS EZ TIP ‘ ; Ueto aebsaerocl nea. week). Use since to refer tothe ti ew sage fegsneeznigh You can use for with eae Sa smaeaee ed present perfect, but since only wth the present perfect ‘in Cambridge forfouryears (Be careful with the difference in meaning!) ("ve lived in Cambridge since I was fifteen. i tryou meet someone who lives in London now, ‘which is the correct question to ask? Why? 1. Howlong did you live in Landon? 2. How long have you lived in London? [Gy complete the sentences with for or since. ‘Then work In pairs and ask and answer ‘questions with Haw lang... ?and When... ? 1. Tony has been in England the end coflast month. First, he stayed ata hotel in London a week. Then he went to see his sister in Yori: and he’ been there five days a year when she wasa student but she hasn't been back there she left in 2008, Se hasn't used he French overten years. 3 Mysister was a student in Rome three years and she returned two-week holiday last summer. The city has changed a lot she was there, Complete the comment with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets. BenG:! (1) (grow up) in a small village. 10) (nF Hike) i there vary much and | always wanted to lve in a city ora town, Now I live {and work in London. I's very different! | recently @ (cleivo) theaunh my vallage an 3 road ‘tip with a friend and wow ~ how it (4) (change)! They (8) (replace) the old houses with big modesn anes The grass and gariens in the middle of the village (6) (go), and all he stnall shops (7) (disappear) 100, Thev (8) make) the vilage a town now. 119) (not tel) my parents about it yet. They realy (10) (ove) the vilage as it was, Tell your partner about how place you have visited recently has changed. 2changes 19READING FOCUS Europe BI Read the auote. What do vou think it means? Do you agree? EXAnaTEE, Use references suchas personal pronouns and relative pronouns, and/or logical content links to help you choose which sentence goes in which gap. Look for I Work in pairs. Do you know any stories or links before end after the gap. have you seen any films about interesting road trips? Change makes us grow. (Kate Winslet) 1) Were your guesses in Activity 4 correct? If not, Gapped text what did the underlined words refer to? Dy Read the article about a memorable road tip Match the undertinet! wordsipitases Inthe and look at the phatos above (A-C). Which article to thelt insantisgs (1-7). photo shows where the writer went? didn’t mention stated (3p) iritated the other person TEI Workin paire Rand cantances A-G, which have been removed from the article. What could the underlined words refer to? worth remember different backgrounds, childlike, inexperienced recollections, memories A. But twas. practical decision too. 8 However whether that makes up tor the stress caused by getting robbed in Pais, running out of petrolon a German Autobahn or practically losing the tent ina battering Mmisval wind n the sou of France, | am not too sure Hl wousune ‘Work in pairs. Tell your partner about a time when you slept somewhere unusual © This was because we disagreed about nearly 2 atime when vou for someone you know) lost or had everything — which routes to take, what music to play, money stolen, ubamiaaiapre Extn 3 an interesting story a grandparent tald you. D_ The way he described it fired my imagination, FI psndboen kal ae E Traveling inthis way meant alot more freedom hia eos es F The seats definitely weren't designed for the purpose. & Gurowniivesseem so much more excingand ‘ul (ES) Workin pairs. choose a country and plana than theirs could ever have heen road trip. Think about Example: in 4 ‘it’ could refer to the reason for deciding (on a pantcular type of road trip 2 wheryeirenn eg. 2. howlong the trip willbe. Read the article again. Choose from the 3 howyou want to travel, sentences in Activity 4 (A-G) the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence __{Jl) Compare your road trip with other pairs. which you do not need to use. Whose trip is the most exciting? 20 unit 2chang)1100 often we tend to listen to the reminiscences of our grandparents with one oye jou dhe eluek, waiting for sn appropriate time to escape. | 1] | However, listening to some of my ‘grandfather's stot ies inspired uve Ww du something that really changed me as a person and the way I viewed the world, juat nob in the way Td expected! Twas ahont five years ago when he first told me about a road trip he'd made in the 1970s, driving across the USA )He's a horn storyteller and a real romantic as woll. Ho talked about amazing experiences that have stayed with him for ever: sleeping under the stars. meeting people from all walks of if, listening to folk yuilarists in the glow of camp fires. But what affected me the most was the feeling of complete freedom that he and his thvo travelling companions had enjoyed for those few weeks. My grandfather insisted that the trip had helped him grow up and that he'd come back a different person Looking back on it now, I guess he mincod ‘out all the difficult bits, the times they nearly packed it all in and got the first flight home! Rnt fa mo, five yaars ago it suddenly seemed the right thing to do: {80 on a road trip of my own and enjoy the freedom he'd talked about. I guess romanticism runs in the family! ‘My first year at untversity was coming to Feature [21] Definitely " an experience to remember! an end, and my friend Kob and 1 wanted a holiday, We had no money but Rob had a small sports car and Ihad a tent, so we packed up, drove through the tunnel and setout on an adventure. The plan was to drive around Europe and only spend out ‘uu basic food supplies and fuel fur the ear: Our accommodation would be the tent. ‘We were innocents, looking for some fun, Tquickly leased what say yeailfiatler hhad left out of his accounts. Firstly, he hadn't prepared me for just how uncomfortable it isto sleep in a car. (4 [|__| Nor had ho warned mo about how hard it can be to deal with being closeted with the same person, hour after honr in a ear with no eseape! Rah and I started the journey as friends and eventually we finished the journey as friends but oh how we gat.an each other's nerves in between. | 5 |You name it, owe argued about it, ‘Yoo, we saw some amaning places — the Amalfi Drive in Italy being one of the most memorable — and we met a few cool poople along the way. And yoo, we had no routines, deadlines to meet or places we hhad to be at any given time.[6 |_|] Teortainly roturnod fom tho trip lees naive or romantie than when I'd set out, so I guess my grandfather was right in saying that.a road trip like his can make you into a different person — just not in the way I bad imagined. Unit 2.changeGRAMMAR FOCUS Past simple, used to and would >» GRAMMAR REFERENCE p.|47 [BD Work in pairs. How do you think the way young people do homework today is different trom how thelr parents did homework? By Read an online comment written in two different ways (A and 6), Does mention any of your ideas from Activity 17 oe « ¢ Then and now Today's generation topic is homework (I. can hear you groan), so ~ your parents and you ~ posts below. please! ‘A When my mum was at college, she got tons of homework every Friday and spent all weekend planning and writing her essays by hand, ittoak ages, Every Sunday evening she showed my grandfather what she'd done. Today we all have computers, s0it’s quick and easy to type up essays. I's also simpler to look up information than it was for my mum. Then she went to the library and spent a long time finding information in books. She says there were shelves of big, heavy books inher bedroom. Now all the information is on websites and | don't even have dictionaries! B. When my mum wise at eallaga, sha used ta get tons cofhomework every Friday and she would spend all ‘weekend planning and writing her essays by hand. Cvery Sunday evening she would show my grandfather what she'd done, Today we all ave computers, 0 i's quick and easy to type up essay.’ aso simpler to look up information than it was for my mum. Then she used to go tw the library and spend a long time nding information in books, She says there used to be shelves of big, heavy books inher bedroom, Now all the information ison websites and | dant aven have lctianariac| EE Read the comments in Activity 2 aaain. Which comment 1. givesussimple, factual information about the past and now? 2 emphasises the difference between what happened inthe past and now? 22° unit2changes © Underline the examples of used to and would in comment B in Activity 2. Then match cach ‘example to one of the rules (1-3). 1. We use used ta + infinitive to describe a past habit. 2 Weuse used to + infinitive to describe a past state 3 Weuse would + infinitive to describe a past habit. LANGUAGE TIP Remember tho correct form whan making a negative ar question with used to. Did you use to have ? Ididn't uset0 have i complete the rule. Both used to and would can describe a past habit, but only can describe a past state Tl © Listen to the first sentence of comment B. How is used to pronounced? Which letter ‘disappears’? Complete another comment with used to or would, Sometimes both are possible. ‘weil n my parents‘ day ney (1) wate letters to people that they didn't see very often, My uncle showed me a lovey old pen (with inkin it!) that he)... ea and ho said that tha family @)o. have a pile of envelopes and litle Books uf stamps. Now uf course, we Contact everyone | by email can't remember the ast time | wrote a letter! Phones (4) be different too. When my dad wae young thay eniy (8) have analinas sn wien they wanted to speak to someone privately they (8) can nnnn have 1 wail until everyone went out! They oni (7) make phone calls when it was important because they (8) cost quite lot t00, Now it’s cheap and easy ta use smartphones whenever and wherever we want to! Ey Work in pairs. Write questions to ask about someone's past habits and states. Think about ‘the topics below. Then change partners and ask and answer your questions. = ‘technology © freetime © tanspot —*homelife Example: A: Did you use to have a television in your bedroam when you were a child? B: No Idi’. We only used to have one in the living’ room. | woul go doven and watch onc or two programmes when | finished my homeworkUSE OF ENGLISH FOCU! iscuss the questions. ‘Some people think we should lve simpler lives, without the benefits and problems of advanced technology. What do you think? Have yout read abn it ar seen any filme about people whe have started a news, simple fe somewhere isolated? Open cloze i Read the text about a new TV programme. What type of programme is it? Don't worry about the gaps at the moment. e Gateway: a new and exciting series uninhabited islands (6) live on. Others ate about rebuilding communities (7) 3 global catastrophe. But what would happen (8) we could go hack in time and start all ever aq Would we make the same mistakes? ‘Anew science fiction series on LIV is about a family (@) have: Civilisation has come a long way in (0)... the... last couple of thousand vyearal Arkianres in crience and technology (1)... helped us to live longer, be more active and build more efficient places to live, as Q) as giving us many other benefits. (3)... - this proaress has also caused a lot af problems, Ever (4). human beings started telling stories, 8) .. have been tales about peopie beginning new lives the opportunity to do just that, by going through a special time gateway into the past. Watch the heginning nf their adventure on Channel 3 tonight, in new places, Some stories are about people setting aut to find It(10) ... definitely give You something to think abaut! ‘Complete the text in Activity 2 with the words in the box. efter have huwever if sine the Uiere wo well who will Look at your answers to Activity 3. Which statement about this Use of English ‘task 1s correct? The missing words inthe text ae usually content words such as nouns, adjectives and verb The missing words are usually grammar-related words ike prepositions, pronouns, linkers, articles, modal and auxiliary verbs Work in pairs. Student A: turn to page 140. Student B: turn to page 144, Follow the instructions. Work in groups. Imagine you are starting a new community on a deserted island with the other people in your group. Discuss the questions. 1. Willyou have a king, a queen ora president? 5 How much tax will people pay? 2 What wll your official language be? 6 Whowillbe able to join your community? 3 Who will vote and fram what age? 7 Whore will you get your eneray from? 4 Willyouhavean army ora navy? 8 What will your national sport be? Unit2.Changes 232 | WRITING FOCUS Informal email/letter > WRITING REFERENCE pp.! 72-173 1D work in pairs. Look at the photo and answer the questions. 1 What do you think a makeover is? 2. Have you ever seen a pragramme about makeovers on TV? Read the email. What is Dave's news? What dees he think about the changes? Higatin How are you doing? Do you remember told you about a ‘makeover’ show on television? Well, you won't believe this, but my dad wrote to them anda IV ‘team actually came here and did a makeover on aur kitchen! [twas a surprise for Mum's forty-fith birthday! They came while Mum and Dad went to London for a birthday break. They took everything out of the kitchen, then repainted it and put in a new floor and lots of new appliances. Our kitchen used to be really old-fashioned but when they finished, it looked a bit like one of those chef's kitchens on TV! {really like it. he only problem is the colours. tt used to be yellow and every summer Dad would repaint it, but always the same colour. Now it’s white and brown. Quite dark! Mum was really surprised as you can guess! Luckily, she thinks they've done an excellent job. But I've got a feeling that Dad’s going to have to repaint the walls pretty soon! Do write soun with your news, Lots of love, Dave Ey Read the email again and answer the questions. 11 Which words/phrases show that the emails written va Ihenu? 2. What does Dave talk about in each paragraph? remind Karin about something? introduce something surprising? shows how he feels about something? say something is understandable? indicate that he thinks something will happen? © which phrases does Dave use to 1 z 3 4 5 6 end the emallin an informal way? Unit 2 Changes 3 © match the phrases in the box to the functions in Activity 4 (1-6). ‘As you might imagine, ... absolutely iove it Let me know how things are going Something tells me that You've probably forgotten, but [D) Read the exam task below and plan your answer. Think about + aninformal opening and closing for your email + how many paragraphs you will include and what you will writein eau one the points in the question: romember to caver them all | You have received an email from your Canadien {fiend Helen. Read this parc ofthe email and write your email to Helen You told me in your last email that you were going to have @ makeover on a 1oom in your house. Has. ithappened yet? Do let me know how it went! Love, Helen ‘Write your email in 140-190 words in an appropriate style, EXAM TIP Inv Une enain you ray have tw write an email/ietter insesponse to an email/letter you have received {tis important to write about all the points in the task, Underline the key words in the toak and check afterwards that you have written about them all Write your email. Use your plan from Activity 6 and include phrases from Activitios 4 and 5.Bl choose an adjective from the box to describe how the people in these situations feel. emused annoyed confused depressed exhausted nervous surprised upset 1__ {don’t understand these instructions. Infact, understand even less than hefnee | lnnked at hem, 2 The baby wakes every two hours. haven't had a good night's sleep for weeks 3. I've aot a ob interview this afternoon. can feel the butterlies in my stomach 4 Wow! My unt has sent me a cheque for 1,000 euros! That’camaring| 5. Myneighbour plays loud music ev complaining to the police. 6 Everything's going wrong, |Just want to shut the door and nat see anyone or talk to anyone again. ight. eel like 7 W's the tunniest book I've ever read. | can't stop laughing! 8 I've lost the bracelet my grandmother ave me. ithad a lot of sentimental value. Complete the blog with the past simple or present perfect form of the verbs in brackets. Two years ago |)... " ofthe USA on holiday | (2). {fi\to Las. Vegas and (3)... (0) to the'Skywalk in the Grand Canyon, and Wionument Valley. It was the most extraordinary experience | (4) {ever/nave). Ine Skywalk is a glass-tioored piattorm ‘that sticks out over the valley. tt (5) (open) in 2007, Since then millions of people from, IU Une WOH (6) eae (waik) on it. You ‘Gan see the floor of the canyon 1,300 metres below. .. (be) famous ever : v1. (@ppeor) on the cinema en in the 1930s. | (9) seven (TOKE) coachtour to all the most famous places where they (10) «nu (make) the films, It was a truly unforgettable experience. (visit) the far west Choose the correct option In italics to complete the sentances Sometimes both options are possible. She used to/would spend ten minutes each day brushing her hair. He used tu/would be very good-looking when he was ayouna man: There did't use to/ wouldnt be any blocks of flats in this area — now look at them! My brother and | used to/would collect shells from the: beach when we stayed here an holiday, Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to or would and the verbs in the box. buy hate notbe notlive play ride When Janet was small, she ton but now she loves them, Seb amot he got married. toes, bike. but he stonped when Hishair so dark infact, when he was younger ha wae quia far A few years ago Tessa alot of tennis, but she had to give up when she hurt her back They in thisnouse. Iney only maved here a few years ago. He doesn't eat so many biscu the was younger, he these days, but when two packets a day Choose the correct option (A, B or C) to complete the sentences. I didn't laugh... your story because | didn't find funny. A for cat When she wi ‘American family she used to work......afich Aas 8 tor c by Forget... it~it really doesn’t matter. A from Bof € about Building a new train station here will make a difference local people's ves. A from Dito cout Don’t make jakes ......old people ~ it's sn unkind Aabout Birom —C of The smell of freshly baked bread always reminds HE onan SUNT aly gianidmother’s house! Aof Bat C over Unit2 Changes a5