BACKGROUND

The Brazilian imperial family arrived in Brazil in 1808, fleeing from Napoleon Bonaparte who
sought (sôt) to conquer Portugal at that time with the Napoleonic Wars. Consequently, they left
Portugal unprotected.

In 1808, upon their arrival, D. João VI was the king, as his mother, Queen Maria, was mentally
ill.

D. João VI allowed Brazil to trade with another countries, which was prohibited at that time as
Brazil could only do business with Portugal. He also established banks, opened streets, and
modernized (mÔdernized) the country.

However, in 1821, D. João VI returned to Portugal due to the "Porto Revolution." The revolution
aimed to bring back the entire Imperial Family and give more importance to Portugal, but D.
João VI disobeyed and left his son, Pedro I, behind, allowing Brazil to continue its path, which
displeased the Portuguese who wanted Brazil to return to being just a colony.

D. Pedro I. D. Pedro I's wife, D. Leopoldina, however, wanted to stay in Brazil. Along with
Leopoldina, there was a group of people who also wanted Pedro to remain in Brazil, and they
wrote a document with reasons for Pedro to stay. Pedro then announced (announced) to the
Brazilian people that he would stay in the country. This became known as the "Dia do Fico" (I
Stay Day).

Later, in 1822, Pedro was on his way to São Paulo to seek support for the independence of
Brazil when he received a letter from Portugal demanding his return. Pedro then declared
(deklerd) the independence of Brazil.

However, by 1831, Pedro I's relationship with Brazil had deteriorated (detiriôrated). At that time,
we had the "Moderating Power," in which the Emperor had complete decision-making authority.
Additionally, in 1830, the July Revolution took place in France, where King Charles X was
overthrown and replaced by a constitutional (constituTIONOW) monarchy. Moreover, despite
knowing Brazil's financial difficulties, Pedro assisted Portugal in securing the throne for his
daughter, D. Maria da Glória, as Pedro I had abdicated the throne of Portugal in her favor.
Pedro had also lost the Cisplatine War, where Uruguay, which was part of Brazil, achieved
(archived) independence.

All of this strained (strand) Pedro's relationship with the Brazilians, and in 1831, Pedro decided
to abdicate the throne of Brazil in favor of his son, Pedro II, and went to Portugal to fight against
his brother, D. Miguel, for the throne of Portugal for his daughter.

However, in 1831, Pedro II was only 5 years old, and Brazil entered the so called "Regency
(RIgency) Period." It was a time when the country was governed by several individuals, each
with different ideas, ranging from liberals to those who wanted the return of D. Pedro I.

But in 1840, supporters of D. Pedro II carried out the "Proclamation of Majority," declaring Pedro
II as the emperor, even though he was only 14 years old.

ABOUT PETRÓPOLIS
Petrópolis is located at about 850 meters above sea level and has over 300,000 inhabitants.

Petrópolis was part of the so-called "Caminho do Ouro" (Gold Path), which transported gold
from Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro for shipment to Portugal. This is one of the reasons why
Rio de Janeiro was chosen to be the capital of Brazil, as Portugal used the city’s harbor to
transport the gold to Portugal.
ABOUT PEDRO II
He was against slavery, just like his daughter, Princess Isabel.

Pedro II married his wife, D. Teresa Cristina, through correspondence (KÔrrespondanci). He

saw a painting of his future wife and got married. When she arrived in Rio de Janeiro, she was
very different: she was overweight, limping (mancando), and she was not as beautiful as in the
painting. Nevertheless, Pedro II continued (kentinyood) with/kept the marriage.

Pedro II highly valued (valyood) education and even helped establish one of the first schools for
blind people in South America, the Benjamin Constant Institute.

Brazil was the second country in the world to have a telephone, thanks to Pedro II. He met
Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, in the United States, become fascinated by the
invention and brought it to Brazil to communicate with his ministers.

After the Proclamation of the Republic, the Imperial Family was exiled (eGZILD) from Brazil,
where they resided (RIzaided) until their death in France. Pedro II rejected the pension and
money from the republicans of Brazil.

During his reign (rein), there was a proposal to build a statue for D. Pedro II, but he refused and
used the money to build public schools.

ORIGIN OF THE NAME “BRAZIL”, AND THE COLORS OF OUR FLAG

The name "Brazil" comes from a tree, the "pau-brasil". When the Portuguese arrived in Brazil,
they found this tree which, inside, has the color ember. Brazil, therefore, comes from "brasa"
(ember).

The flag has the colors "green" and "yellow" from the houses of Orleans and Bragança, and
Habsburg. The green belonged to the house of Pedro I, Orleans and Bragança, while the yellow
belonged to the house of Empress Leopoldina, the Habsburgs.

PETRÓPOLIS MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

The "Yellow Palace" belonged to the Baron of Guaraciaba, the most successful (sucesqfol)
black man in monarchical (monarquical) Brazil. Today, it is the Municipal Council.

IMPERIAL MUSEUM
In 1822, D. Pedro I, seeking support for the independence of Brazil, traveled to Minas Gerais,
which is around 500 kilometers away from Rio. Upon arriving there, he was enchanted
(inchanted) by the weather of the region. He decided to purchase a farm, the Córrego Seco
Farm, to transform it into a palace.

The political crisis in Portugal regarding the succession (suQsexion) to the throne led D. Pedro I
to return to Portugal, leaving the estate to his son, D. Pedro II.

D. Pedro II then built his house where was that farm, completing its construction in 1862 after
17 years.

But before that, in 1843, D. Pedro II signed a decree for the construction of the Imperial City,
Petrópolis. As a result, several European immigrants, seeking a milder climate, moved to
Petrópolis, mainly Germans. Julius Friedrich Koeler, a German, was responsible for building the
city, constructing the palace, and colonizing the region. The palace was built with the emperor's
own funds.
With the proclamation of the Republic in 1889, the Imperial Family was exiled. The only living
heir was Princess Isabel, who rented the building to the São Vicente de Paulo school.

There, a history enthusiast named Alcindo Sodré studied, dreaming of transforming his school
into an imperial museum. Thanks to him, in 1940, Getúlio Vargas, the president of Brazil,
transformed the school into the Imperial Museum.

Sodré became the first director of the Imperial Museum and conducted research in other
palaces to find pieces that belonged to the former house of D. Pedro II. Thus, in 1943, the
Imperial Museum was founded, which now houses a collection of nearly 300,000 items,
including donations from the city's residents.

The bathrooms, as well as the kitchen, were located outside the house. Employees used to
bring food for the Imperial Family.

QUITANDINHA PALACE
The Quitandinha Farm was known for its cultivation of fruits and vegetables, and it was the sale
of these products that gave the place the name "quitanda." "Quitanda" refers to a small shop
that sells food. In the 19th century, the farm was donated to D. Pedro II by Koeler and became
attached to the current Imperial Museum.

Shortly after, in the mid-1930s, with the city already being heavily visited, the palace caught the
attention of Joaquim Rolla, the owner of several casinos in Rio. He decided to transform the
farm’s grounds into a grand hotel-casino, which was inaugurated in 1944 in a neo-Norman style.

In 1946, just two years after its opening, President Dutra banned casinos in Brazil, which made
it unsustainable for the hotel to continue operating. In 2007, a private company acquired the
palace and its premises to restore and revitalize it, transforming it into a space for culture and
leisure for society.

SÃO PEDRO DE ALCÂNTARA CATHEDRAL

The construction of the church began in 1884, five years before the Proclamation of the
Republic, thanks to the commitment of Princess Isabel. Previously, there was a chapel where
the church now stands. Princess Isabel even sold neighboring lands to continue the
construction of the church. It was her idea to place the cathedral facing Av. Koeler. Heitor da
Silva Costa took over the works after the interruption and the Cathedral was inaugurated in
1925.

The cathedral features a French neo-Gothic style, and inside, the mausoleum stands out, where
the remains of the Imperial Family, including D. Pedro II, Dona Teresa Cristina, Princess Isabel,
and the Count D'Eu, are resting. The doors of the cathedral weigh around 5 tons (2 thousand
pounds).

The patron (peitren) saint of the church is São Pedro de Alcântara, as he was the protector of
the monarchy and had been officially designated as the patron saint of the Empire by D. Pedro
I.

SANTOS DUMONT'S HOUSE MUSEUM

It is the former summer house of Santos Dumont, known as "A Encantada" (The Enchanted),
because it is located on Morro do Encanto. The house, which can only be entered with the right
foot, now serves as a museum for the Father of Aviation.
Santos Dumont himself designed the house. He used most of the rooms for multiple purposes.
Besides the curiosity of entering with the right foot, the house did not have a kitchen. The food
was delivered from Hotel Palace, which is now the location of the Catholic University of
Petrópolis. In other words, it was the first "fast food delivery."

The house was donated by Santos Dumont's heirs to the city of Petrópolis.

There is also a story that Santos Dumont created the wristwatch. In reality, he asked Louis
Cartier, a jeweler (jooeler), to create a wristwatch so that he could easily time his flights.

Santos Dumont is considered to be the creator of the first airplane, the 14 bis. Unfortunately,
history tells that he committed suicide after witnessing São Paulo being bombed in a civil war
using airplanes.

CRYSTAL PALACE
Praça da Conferência (Conference Square) is one of the main squares in Petrópolis, designed
by Köeler. For a long time, the square hosted horticultural exhibitions, until the 19th century.

With the purpose of accommodating these exhibitions, the Crystal Palace was created. It was
built in France, by order of the Count D'Eu, who was then the president of the "Agricultural
Society of Petrópolis."

After the Proclamation of the Republic, the palace fell into decline and was later occupied to
become the headquarters of the Petrópolis Historical Museum. Only in 1957 the palace regain
its role as the venue for agricultural exhibitions.

KATZ CHOCOLATE SHOP

The history of Katz begins in 1953 when two friends, German Anne Katz and Austrian Ruth
Bucky, decided to combine their family recipes and open a chocolate shop.

LIBERTY GARDEN
Street with umbrellas.

BOHEMIA BREWERY
The first brewery (brueri) in Brazil, established in 1853.