Giáo Trình Ta CN

Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành công nghệ kỹ thuật ô tô – Khoa cơ khí động lực - Vlute
HEADING: Tools & Equipment

Hand tools
The first category we’re going to cover is hand tools. You’ll need the following items for
nearly every job when working on cars:
1. Breaker bar
A breaker bar helps break loose stubborn nuts and bolts.
If you’re like most people, sometimes you need a little extra help breaking loose stubborn
nuts and bolts. A breaker bar gives you that advantage by providing extra leverage.
2. Torque wrench
A torque wrench comes in handy

when you need to tighten a nut or bolt to a certain specification.
A torque wrench is an essential tool for individuals of all skill levels. In many instances,
you need to tighten a nut or bolt to a certain specification. A torque wrench allows you to do
just that by applying a certain amount of force to the fastener.
GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 1

3. Ratchet and Socket Set
You should have ratchets with each of the standard drive sizes, along with various
extensions and a full selection of sockets.
A ratchet and socket set is arguably the most important thing to have in your toolbox.
You should have ratchets with each of the standard drive sizes (1/4″, 3/8″, and 1/2″), along
with various extensions and a full selection of sockets. It’s also a good idea to have a variety
of Torx and Allen head sockets.
Most modern cars (both foreign and domestic) have metric fasteners. So, as a beginner,
unless you’re working on vintage domestic vehicles, you can usually stick to metric sockets.
Later on, you might want to add standard (SAE) sockets to your collection.
4. Different types of pliers
To work on cars, you’re going to need several different kinds of pliers. At a minimum,
your toolbox should include the following types of pliers: slip-joint, tongue and groove,
needle nose, and locking (also known as vise grips).

Your toolbox should include the following types of pliers: slip-joint, tongue and groove,
needle nose, and vise grips.
5. Hammers (traditional and dead-blow)
You should keep a traditional hammer handy.
Every now and then, you’ll need to whack a car part or two into submission. For this task,
you should keep a traditional hammer handy, as well as a dead-blow hammer. A dead-blow
hammer minimizes the damage caused when striking a surface.
6. Oil filter wrench
An oil and filter change is a fundamental automotive repair task that nearly every
DIYer tackles. But unless you’re super strong, you won’t be able to remove the filter with
your bare hands—you need a dedicated oil filter wrench.

You need a dedicated oil filter wrench to do oil and filter change.
7. Pick set
You’ll never know how important a pick set is until you own one. A small pick can help
disconnect an electrical connector, free a retaining clip, and so much more. You should always
keep a set of small picks in your toolbox.
You should always keep a set of small picks in your toolbox
8. Pry bar
Once you start working on cars, you’ll immediately realize the importance of a good
pry bar. As a newbie, you’ll definitely want a medium-length pry bar in your toolbox. You
can add a variety of lengths as your tool collection begins to grow.

For newbies, a medium-length pry bar is good enough
9. Punches and chisels
Punches and chisels serve a multitude of uses when working on cars. It’s a good idea to
keep a variety of shapes and sizes available whenever you’re in the garage.
Punches and chisels serve a multitude of uses

and it’s best to keep a variety of shapes and sizes available.

10. Screwdriver set
Do we really need to talk about how important screwdrivers are? Be sure you have all
of the various types—including flat head, Phillips head, Allen head, and in your toolbox at all
times.
Be sure you have all of the various types of screwdrivers.
11. Tire pressure gauge
Tire pressure affects several aspects of vehicle performance, including handling, braking
ability, and fuel mileage. You’ll want to use a tire pressure gauge often to ensure your car’s
tires remain properly inflated.
You’ll want to use a tire pressure gauge often to ensure your car’s tires remain
properly inflated.

12. Wrench Set
If you’re working on vintage domestic vehicles,

you’ll usually want to have a set of metric wrenches.
It should go without saying that every mechanic needs a wrench set. As was mentioned,
these days, foreign and domestic cars both use metric fasteners. Unless you’re working on
vintage domestic vehicles, you’ll usually want to build up your set of metric wrenches before
moving on to collecting standard (SAE) wrenches.
Equipment
1. Air compressor
Technically, you may not need an air compressor as a beginner, but it sure makes working
on cars a whole lot easier. You can use your air compressor to adjust tire pressure, run a
pneumatic impact wrench.
If you want to run air tools, such as an impact wrench, you’ll need a compressor with a
rating of 4 to 5 cubic feet per minute (CFM) at 90 psi. Also, it’s a good idea to select a
compressor with at least a 20-gallon tank size, as that will limit the amount of time you spend
waiting for the unit to refill.

You can use your air compressor to adjust tire pressure.
2. Fire extinguisher
Be sure to always have a fire extinguisher on hand in case of an emergency.
You never know what might happen when you’re working in the car. Be sure to always
have a fire extinguisher on hand in case of an emergency.
3. Flashlight
It’s important to be able to see what you’re doing when you’re poking around under the
hood. A good flashlight is something you’ll use every time you’re working on a car.

A good flashlight is something you’ll use every time you’re working on a car.
4. Fluid drain pan
Each time you change oil or do any type of work that involves draining fluids, you’re
going to need a fluid drain pan. In fact, it’s a good idea to get a couple of different drain pans:
one for oil and one for coolant (the two fluids must be recycled separately).
Drain pans that double as containers are especially handy. The design prevents you from
having to transfer the fluid into a separate container before heading to a recycler.
Each time you change oil or do any type of work that involves draining fluids,
you’re going to need a fluid drain pan.
5. Funnels

Each time you change oil or do any type of work that involves draining fluids, you’re
going to need a fluid drain pan. In fact, it’s a good idea to get a couple of different drain pans:
one for oil and one for coolant (the two fluids must be recycled separately).
Drain pans that double as containers are especially handy. The design prevents you from
having to transfer the fluid into a separate container before heading to a recycler.
Keep oil spillage to a minimum by using a funnel

every time you top off your car’s fluids.
6. Jack and jack stands
For every automotive task that involves going underneath a vehicle or removing its
wheels, you need a jack and a set of jack stands. A high-quality jack and jack stands will
usually last for decades, making them a worthwhile investment.
A high-quality jack and jack stands will usually last for decades,
making them a worthwhile investment.
7. Toolbox

You can’t just leave your tool collection lying around the garage—you need a toolbox!
Even though some toolboxes are obscenely expensive, there are plenty of affordable options
if you shop around. Home improvement stores often have good deals, as do yard sales and
estate sales.
You can’t just leave your tool collection lying around the garage—you need a toolbox!
8. Safety glasses
Safety glasses are a must when working on cars. Accidents are unavoidable, and you
don’t want to put your eyesight at risk.
Accidents are unavoidable when working on cars,

and you don’t want to put your eyesight at risk.
9. Wheel chocks
As a safety measure, whenever you raise a vehicle and support it with jack stands, you
should place chocks behind the wheels that remain on the ground.

Whenever you raise a vehicle and support it with jack stands, you should place chocks
behind the wheels that remain on the ground.
10. Repair manual or access to a repair database
Modern cars (and even many old ones) are far too complex to work on without the proper
repair information. To avoid wasting time, losing money—and potentially getting hurt—you
should always consult a repair manual or an online repair database when fixing a vehicle.
Always consult a repair manual when fixing a vehicle

to avoid wasting time and losing money.
11. Impact wrench
These days, a variety of different types of impact wrenches are available. You can get
either a pneumatic or cordless design in an array of configurations and torque output ratings.

For those who are just starting out, a 1/2-inch pneumatic impact wrench (and the air
compressor to go with it) is usually the best choice.
For those who are just starting out, a 1/2-inch pneumatic

impact wrench is usually the best choice.
Diagnostic equipment
Diagnostic equipment can help you figure out what’s wrong with your car. There are a
wide range of diagnostic tools available, but as a beginner, you’ll want to start out by adding
these basic items to your collection:
1. Digital multimeter (DMM)
A basic digital multimeter can be used to measure current (amps), voltage (volts), and
resistance (ohms). Having that ability comes in handy for testing all kinds of circuits and
electronics.
A basic digital multimeter can be used to measure

current (amps), voltage (volts), and resistance (ohms).
2. Mechanic’s stethoscope
Much like a doctor’s stethoscope, a mechanic’s stethoscope is an acoustic device used to

listen to internal sounds. But with a mechanic’s stethoscope, you listen to parts of your car,
rather than parts of the human body.
A mechanic’s stethoscope is an acoustic device used to listen to internal sounds.
3. Scan tool or code reader
You absolutely must have a scan tool or code reader to work on modern vehicles. As a
newbie, you’ll probably want to start with a code reader, which, as its name implies, only
reads generic onboard diagnostic (OBD-II) codes.
Eventually, though, you’re going to want a high-end scan tool. OEM-level scanners
provide access to additional information, including manufacturer-specific codes, data, and bi-
directional tests.

As a newbie, you’ll probably want to start with a code reader,

which, as its name implies, only reads generic onboard diagnostic (OBD-II) codes.
A Mechanic’s Tool Collection is never complete

As a mechanic, your tool collection will never be truly complete. There are always
gadgets you can add to your arsenal to get the job done better and faster. While you might
start with the basics on this list, if you’re passionate about car repair, you can expect a lifelong
addiction to tool collecting. Before you know it, your tools will be worth more than the car
that they help you repair.

UNIT 1: INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
1.1. Introduction of internal combustion engine
Get ready: Before you read the passage, talk about these questions
1. Where are pistons located in a car's engine?
2. What are the main parts of a car's engine?
An internal combustion engine operates in a cycle that compresses and ignites fuel and
air to generate energy. The starting point is the cylinder. The cylinder runs through the head
and down into the engine block.
A piston within the cylinder moves up and down. At the start of the cycle, it pulls a
mixture of fuel and air through valves and into the cylinder. It then moves upward
compressing the fuel mixture.
A piston ring forms a tight seal between the piston and the cylinder wall. This ensures
that the fuel mixture cannot escape. It also keeps oil from the sump from entering the
combustion chamber. Next, a spark plug fires and ignites the fuel mixture.
The resulting explosion pushes the piston downward. This in turn moves a connecting
rod attached to the piston. The connecting rod transfers the mechanical energy from the piston
to a crankshaft contained within a crankcase.
1.2. Reading: Read the introduction of internal combustion engine. Then, mark the
following statements as true (T) or false (F)
____ 1. Air enters the cylinder through the valves.
____ 2. Fuel is compressed by the piston.
____ 3. The crankshaft connects to the spark plug.

1.3. Vocabulary of internal combustion engine
 Structure
 Note:
1. Valve (Xu bắp)
2. Spark plug (Bugi)
3. Piston (Pít tông)
4. Cylinder (Xy lanh)
5. Crankshaft (Trục khuỷu)
6. Connecting rod (Thanh truyền)
7. Piston ring (Xéc măng)
Figure 1.1: Structure (Cấu tạo) of ICE
 Internal Combustion Engine

 Note:
1. Camshaft (Trục cam)
3. Fuel – air mixture igited
(Hỗn hợp hòa khí)
4. Exhaust (Ống xả)
5. Inlet valve (Xúc bắp nạp)
7. Alternator (Máy phát điện)
Figure 1.2: Internal combustion engine
9. Fan (Quạt)
(Động cơ đốt trong)
11. Fuel injector (Kim phun nhiên liệu)

 Engine
Figure 1.3: Engine (Động cơ)

 Note:
1. Distributor (Bộ chia điện) 12. Timing belt drive pully
2. Distributor oring (Đai dẫn động buly)
(Vòng đệm bộ chia điện) 13. Oil pan gasket (Bạc các te)
3. Cylinder head cover 14. Oil pan the drain bolt (Bulong xả
(Nắp chụp đầu máy) nhớt các te)
4. Cylinder head cover gasket 15. Drain bolt crush washer
(Ron nắp chụp đầu máy) (Lông đền ốc xả nhớt)
5. Rubber grommets (Vòng cao su) 16. Oil pan (Các te)
6. Intake manifold (ống nạp hoặc hút) 17. Engine block (Thân máy)
7. Camshaft pulley (Buly trục cam) 18. Exhaust manifold gasket
8. Intake manifold gasket (Ron ống xả)
(Ron cổ góp hút) 19. Exhaust manifold (ống xả)
9. Oil filter (Lọc dầu) 20. Head gasket (Ron nắp máy)
10. Water pump (Bơm nước) 21. Cylinder head (Nắp xy lanh)
11. Water pump gasket (Ron bơm nước)

 Single overhead camshaft

 Note:
1. Cam (Vấu cam)
3. Bukket tappet (Nắp chụp đui xúc
bắp)
4. Vavle (Xu bắp)
7. Connecting rod (Thanh truyền)
Figure 1.4: Single overhead camshaft
9. Crankshaft sprocket
(Động cơ 1 trục cam)
(Bánh răng trục khuỷu)
10. Drive blet (Dây đai)
11. Idler wheel (Căng đai)
12. Camshaft sprocket
(Bánh răng trục cam)
1.3.1. Assignment of internal combustion engine
 Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F)

1. Engine block (Khối động cơ) A. Body of engine
2. Connecting rod (Thanh truyền) B. Holds large shaft in engine
3. Crankcase (Các te) C. Creates tight seal
4. Piston ring (Xéc măng) D. Top part of engine
5. Spark plug (Bugi) E. Transfers power from piston
6. Head (Nắp máy) F. Causes explosion
 Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank
- Piston (Pít tông)
- Cylinder (Xy lanh)
- Sump (Thùng chứa)

- Crankshaft (Trục khuỷu)
- Valve (Xúc bắp)
1. A controls the flow of air into an engine.
2. The holds the engine's supply of oil.
3. The spark plug fires in the .
4. The moves up and down in a cycle.
5. The connecting rod powers the .
1.4. Listening of internal combustion engine
1.4.1. Listen to a conversation between an experienced mechanic and a new mechanic

working on an engine. Check () the causes of the engine failure
1  Bad spark plugs (Bugi hư)
2  Oil leak (Rò rỉ dầu)
3  Cracked sump (Thùng chứa bị nứt)
4  Worn piston rings (Mòn bạc)
5  Broken piston (Hư pít tong)
1.4.2. Listen again and complete the conversation
Mechanic 1: I'm still (1) what caused the engine to fail.
Mechanic 2: I'm pretty certain that it was an (2) .
Mechanic 1: Really? I was thinking (3) .
Mechanic 2: It couldn't be that. The spark plugs are old, but they aren't (4 ) .
Mechanic 1: So the sump is cracked?
Mechanic 2: The sump (5 ) .
Mechanic 1: It isn't? But then (6_ an oil leak?
Mechanic 2: Look inside the cylinder and tell me what you see.
Mechanic 1: The walls are discolored and damaged. It looks really dirty too.
Mechanic 2: Exactly. Do you have any idea what caused that?
Mechanic 1: My guess is that oil got in there. Ah, so it was the piston rings.
Mechanic 2: Exactly. They wore out and oil leaked into the chamber.

1.5. Writing of internal combustion engine
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the engine problem diagnosis form
Frank's Garage
Engine Failure Diagnosis
Cellphone: ………………………………………………………………………………
Address: …………………………………………………………………………..........
Parts checked: ………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………….
Cause determined: Y / N
Describe what you suspect caused the problem:
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

UNIT 2: DIESEL AND GASOLINE
Figure 2.1: Diesel engine vs Gasoline engine
2.1. Introduction of diesel vs gasoline
1. What are some different types of fuel for vehicles?
2. In what part of an engine does fuel ignite?
Dear Mechanic, I want to buy my first car. I noticed that some engines run on gasoline
and others run on diesel. What's the difference?
Dear Todd, both types of engines have combustion chambers. However, a diesel engine
doesn't have a spark plug. Instead, it uses hot, compressed air to ignite the fuel. The air enters
the chamber first. Then the fuel injection pump forces fuel into the chamber. Some have
precombustion chambers or glow plugs that heat up of the air to increase efficiency.
In gasoline engines, on the other hand, fuel and air are mixed before entering the
chamber, though most use a fuel injection pump as well. Diesel engines also have a higher
compression ratio.
Diesel has a bad reputation because it doesn't burn as clean as gasoline. New clean diesel
is much less polluting. And biodiesel offers a sustainable fuel option. It's more expensive than
gasoline, but provides better fuel economy. Another thing to remember: diesel engines require
less maintenance and are more durable.

2.2. Reading: Read the advice column. Then, choose the correct answers
1. What is the purpose of the column?
A. to show ways to use less fuel
B. to state the benefits of diesel fuel maintenance
C. to explain the process of combustion
D. to compare different types of engines
2. How is a gasoline engine different from a diesel engine?
A. A gas engine releases more pollutants.
B. A gas engine uses spark plugs for ignition.
C. A gas engine needs more time to warm up.
D. A gas engine has a smaller fuel injection pump.
3. Which of the following is NOT a feature of a diesel engine?
A. Air and fuel mix before entering the chamber.
B. It is more durable than a gasoline engine.
C. It doesn't burn as clean a gasoline engine.
D. Gasoline cannot be used in it.
2.3.1 Vocabulary of diesel vs gasoline
 High pressure pump

 Note:
1. Element cut of valve (Van ngắt dầu)
2. High pressure connection
(Đường dầu cao áp)
3. Pressure regulator
(Bộ điều chỉnh áp xuất)
4. Fuel return (Đường dầu hồi)
Figure 2.2: High pressure pump 5. Fuel feed (Đường dầu vào)
(Bơm cao áp) 6. Safety valve (Van an toàn)

 Turbocharger
 Note:
1. Compressor wheel (Cánh quạt nén
khí)
2. Shaft (Trục turbo)
3. Turbine wheel (Cánh quạt turbin)
4. Floating ring bearing (Vòng ổ bi)
5. Seal (Phớt chắn dầu)
Figure 2.3: Turbocharger
 Fuel injector
 Note:
1. Fuel return to tank
(Đường dầu hồi về thùng chứa)
2. Signal from ECM (Tín hiệu từ
ECM)
3. Electrical connector (Giắc nối)
4. Fuel from in tank
(Đường dầu đến từ thùng chứa)
5. High pressure fuel inlet
(Đầu vào nhiên liệu áp suất cao)
6. Solenoid ball valve (Van solenoid)
7. Needle (Kim phun)
8. Spring (Lò xo)
Figure 2.4: Fuel injector 9. Spindle (Trục quay)
(Kim phun nhiên liệu) 10. Electromagnetic coil (Cuộn dây
điện từ)
11. Fuel return port (Hồi nhiên liệu)

 Diesel common rail system
Figure 2.5: Diesel common rail system

 Note:
1. Pressure regulator (điều chỉnh áp suất)
2. Fuel injection (Phun nhiên liệu)
3. Common rail (Ống rail)
4. Pressure sensor (Cảm biến áp suất)
5. High pressure (Bơm cao áp)
6. ECM
 Fuel system
 Note:
1. Injectors (Kim phun)
2. Inlet manifold (Cổ hút khí nạp)
3. Inlet tract (Đường ống khí nạp)
4. Fuel distributor
(Bộ phân phối nhiên liệu)
5. Fuel accumulator
(Bộ tích trữ nhiên liệu)
Figure 2.6: Fuel system (Hệ thống nhiên 6. Fuel filter (Bộ lọc nhiên liệu)
liệu) 7. Fuel pump (Bơm nhiên liệu)
8. Cold-start injector
(Kim phun khởi động lạnh)

 Spark plug
 Note:
1. Terminal (Đầu nối)
2. Insulator (Sứ cách điện)
3. Gasket (Ron)
4. Insulator tip (Đầu sứ cách điện)
5. Center electrode (Điện cực trung tâm)
6. Side electrode (Điện cực sườn)
7. Threads (Phần ren)
8. Shell (Vỏ)
Figure 2.7: Spark plug (Bugi)
2.3.1 Assignment of diesel vs gasoline

 Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks
1. Clean diesel / Biodiesel
A. Plants are a main source for .
B. was created because regular diesel had too many pollutants.
2. Heat up / Run on
A. When you start engines they .
B. Most cars today gasoline.
3. Durable/ Maintenance
A. All vehicles require some .
B. A engine will last a long time.
4. Gasoline / Diesel
A. engines do not use spark plugs.
B. engines are the most common today.

 Place the words and phrases from the word bank under the correct heading
Fuel injection pump (Bơm phun nhiên liệu)
Combustion chamber (Buồng đốt)
Compression ratio (Tỷ số nén)
Precombustion chamber (Buồng cháy phụ)
Glow plug (Bugi xông)

Gasoline and Diesel engines:
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Diesel engines only:
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
2.4. Listening of diesel vs gasoline
2.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a car buyer and a salesperson. Mark the
____1. The man owned a diesel powered car before.
____2. New diesel engines produce less pollution.
____3. The man is worried that diesel engines are not durabl
2.4.2 Listen again and complete the conversation
Buyer: I'm thinking about buying a car with a diesel C engine, but I'm not sure
if it's for me.
Salesperson: Well, what attracted you to diesel engines (1) ______ ______
______ ______?

Buyer: I've heard they're more (2) ______ ______.
Salesperson: That's their main advantage. (3) _____ ______that fuel costs more.
Buyer: But the increased fuel efficiency (4) _________ _____ that right?
Salesperson: Absolutely. (5) ______ ______ _____ that diesel engines are more durable.
Buyer: That should save me money on maintenance (6)
______ ______ ______ ______?
Salesperson: Exactly. You don't have to take them to the mechanic as often.
Buyer: That's good, though I am concerned about one thing. Aren't
they dirty engines?
Salesperson: Not the newer ones. Some can even run on biodiesel.
2.5 Writing of diesel vs gasoline
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the buyer's notes on diesel engines
Diesel vs. Gasoline notes
Cellphone:
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Address:
…………………………………………………………………………............................
Type of engine:
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Pros:……………………………………………………....................................................
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Cons:………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

UNIT 3: FOUR-STROKE ENGINE

3.1. Introduction of four stroke engine
1. What is a four-stroke engine?
2. What are the four stages in a four stroke cycle?
A four-stroke engine is a common engine that cycles through four stages. The process
works by heating a mixture of fuel and air in a cylinder.
In the first stage, or intake stroke, fuel and air enter the cylinder through the intake valve.
The piston inside the cylinder moves down to make room for the mixture.
Then the valve is closed and the piston moves up again. This is the next stage, or
compression stroke. The upward-moving piston compresses the fuel and air. The head gasket
and valves on the cylinder head contain the combustion pressure during this stage.
The cycle then enters the power stroke. In this stage, heat or a spark ignites the mixture.
The result is a massive force that pushes the piston down again. This force is what powers the
engine.
When the fuel is spent, the exhaust valve opens to release the remaining gases. This is
called the exhaust stroke.
3.2. Reading: Read the introduction of four stroke engine. Then, fill in the blanks with
the correct words from the word bank
Compression (Nén) Exhaust (Xả) Ignites (Cháy)
Intake (Nạp) Cylinder (Xy lanh) Releases (Giải thoát)
The four-stroke engine works by heating fuel and air in a 1 _________. During the
first stroke, the 2 ________ valve lets fuel and air into the cylinder. Then the valve closes
during the 3 ________ stroke. A piston moves up to condense the air and fuel. Then the
mixture 4 ________ during the power stroke. The final stroke 5 _________ gas. This is the
6 ________ stroke.

3.3. Vocabulary of four stroke engine
 Four-Stroke engine
 Note:
1. Intake (Nạp)
2. Compression (Nén)
3. Power (Sinh công)
4. Exhaust (Xả)
Figure 3.1: Four-Stroke Engine

(Động cơ 4 kỳ)
 Four-Stroke Diesel Engine
 Note:
1. Linked impellers
(Liên kết cánh quạt)
2. Air intake (Nạp không khí)
3. Compression (Nén)
4. Fuel injection (Phun nhiên
liệu)
5. Power (Nổ)
Figure 3.2: Four-Stroke Diesel Engine 6. Exhaust (Xả)
(Động cơ dầu 4 kỳ)
 Four-Stroke Gasonline Engine

 Note:
1. Intake (nạp)
2. Compression (nén)
3. Power (sinh công)
4. Exhaust (xả)
Figure 3.3: Four-Stroke Gasonline Engine

(Động cơ xăng 4 kỳ)

 Drive camshaft
 Note:
1. Valve spring (Lò xo)
2. Rocker shaft (Trục cò mổ)
3. Rocker arm (cò mổ)
4. Push rod (Đũa xu bắp)
5. Tappet (Con đội)
Figure 3.4: Drive camshaft
(Dẫn động trục cam) 7. Cam (Vấu cam)
9. Valves (Xu bắp)
 Piston
 Note:
1. Piston crown (Mặt pít tông)
2. Top compression ring
(Rãnh xéc măng khí trên)
3. Second compession ring
(Rãnh xéc măng khí thứ 2)
4. Oil control ring (Xéc măng dầu)
5. Wrist ring (Chốt pít tông)
6. Snap ring (Vòng chặn)
7. Bearings (Vòng bạc thao)
8. Connecting rod bollts
Figure 3.5: Piston (Pít tông)
(Bulong nắp biên thanh truyền)
9. Connecting rod cap (Nắp cổ biên)
10. Connecting rod shaft (Thanh
truyền)
11. Piston skirt (Thân pít tông)

 Head gasket and cylinder head
 Note:
1. Head gasket (Ron nắp máy)
2. Cylinder head (Nắp máy)
Figure 3.6: Head gasket and cylinder head

 Piston Head
 Note:
1. Valve recess (Rãnh xúc bắp)
2. Combustion area (Khu vực cháy)
3. Crown (Mặt pít tông)
4. Compression ring (Xéc măng khí)
5. Oil control ring
( Xéc măng dầu trung tâm)
Figure 3.7: Piston head (Đầu pít tông) 6. Oil drain holes (Lỗ thoát dầu)
7. Wrist pin boss (Chốt pít tông)
8. Piston skirt (Thân pít tông)
9. Ring gap (Khe hở miệng xéc măng)
10. Ring lands (Phần gờ giữa các rãnh)
 Crankshaft
 Note:
1. Crank webs (Má khuỷu)
2. Oil passage (Lỗ dầu)
3. Counter weight (Đối trọng)
4. Main journals (Cổ trục chính)
5. Keyway (Rãnh khớp)
6. Crank pin (Cổ biên)
Figure 3.8: Crankshaft (Trục khuỷu) 7. Flywheel mounting flange (Mặt bích)

 Cylinder head struture

 Note:
2. Valve rocker arm (cò mổ)
3. Rocker shaft (Trục cò mổ)
4. Valve clearence adjuster
(Điều chỉnh khe hở xu bắp)
5. Valve retainer (Miếng giữ lò xo xu
bắp)
6. Stud hole (Lỗ khuy)
Figure 3.9: Cylinder head struture 7. Housing for thermostat
(Cấu tạo nắp máy) (Vỏ van hằng nhiệt)

8. Spring close valve (Van lò xo)
9. Valve (Xúc bắp)
10. Valve spring (Lò xo xúc bắp)
3.2.1 Assignment of four stroke engine

 Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E)
1. Ignite (Cháy) A. The process of compressing fuel and air
2. Pressure (Nén) B. A force caused by pushing against something
3. Exhaust valve (Xúc bắp xả) C. An opening where spent fuel is released
4. Exhaust stroke (Kỳ xả) D. To make something burn or catch fire
5. Compression stroke (Kỳ nén) E. The process of releasing spent fuel

 Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks
1. Intake valve / Intake stroke
A. The engine failed because too much air entered the cylinder during
the ____________.
B. The ___________ was loose so the mechanic replaced it.
2. Head gasket / Four-stroke engine
A. The ____________ is the most common type of car engine.
B. The damaged _____________ caused a fuel leak in the cylinder.
3. Power stroke / Cylinder head
A. The car did not start because the spark failed during the ____________ .
B. iso added coolant to the ___________ oceace excess heat during
ignition.
4.3. Listening of four stroke engine
4.3.1. Listen to a conversation between a mechanic and a customer. Choose the correct
answers
1. What is the purpose of the conversation?
A. To describe damage to the engine
B. To explain why repair costs are high
C. To show the customer how to fix the car
D. To get more information about the problem
2. What will the mechanic likely do next?
A. Find the problem with the engine
B. Give the customer an estimate
C. Repair the existing gasket
D. Order a replacement part

Mechanic: Well, Ms. Wheaton, 1 ______ ______ ______ your car has a
damaged head gasket.
Customer: I don't know much about cars. What does that mean?
Mechanic: The engine has to be sealed during compression to 2 _________.
Customer: Okay. So what does the gasket have to do with it?
Mechanic: The gasket 3 ______ ______ ______ so that no air can escape.
That keeps the pressure steady inside.
Customer: 4 ______ ______ ______ that air is leaking from my engine?
Mechanic: That's right. Without the 5 ______ ______of air and fuel, your
car doesn't have enough power.
Customer: Oh, I see. Is this a really serious problem?
Mechanic: It definitely has to be fixed. But I have to 6 ______ ______.
Customer: If that's what it takes, okay. Do you know how much it will be?
Mechanic: Yeah. Just let me grab the cost estimate.
4.1. Writing of four stroke engine
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the mechanic's description of services
Jackson Automotive Repair
Description of Sirvices
Cellphone: …………………………………………………………………………
Address: ………………………………………………………...............................
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Cause of problem: …………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
Functions affected: …………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..
Repairs needed: …………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..

UNIT 4: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.1. Introduction of electrical system
Get ready of electrical system: Before you read the passage, talk about these
questions.
1. What two terminals does a battery have?
2. What are two types of fuses used in a car’s electrical system?
Car Genius caries all the products you need to keep your electrical system working.
For older cars, Car Genius recommerds replacing distributor caps with every tune-up.
This should keep your car starting smoothly. Check out our vehicle chart to find right one.
For cars with distributorless ignition systems, you will need to gap your spark plugs
before installation. Car Genius’s feeler gauges are perfect for setting the right gap.
Did your engine blow a fuse? Don’t worry! Car Genius has a great selection of products
to fill your fuse box. Our website has a detailed image gallery of blade fuses and tubular fuses.
Out compare your burned-out fuse to our pictures to find the right replacement.
If you have trouble with your battery, Car Genius can help. We have various products
for testing and maintaining your battery’s charge. When you just need a jumpstart, check out
our guides for identifying positive terminals and negative terminals.

4.2. Reading of electrical system reed the webpage for an electrical aystem supplier.
Then, fill in the blanks with the conect words and phrases from the word bank.
1. Distributors: (Bộ chia điện)

2. Customers: (Khách hàng)
3. Systems: (Hệ thống)
4. Charges: (sạc)
5. Spark plugs: (Bugi)
6. Products: (Các sản phẩm)
7. Terminals: (Cực)
Car Genius carries many different (1)_____ to maintain electrical systems. A vehicle
chart is available to help customers select (2)______ Products are also available for car with
distributorless ignition (3)_____. Feeler gauges measure the right distance to gap (4)______
For fuse replacements, a picture gallery guides (5)______to the correct type. Car Genius also
offers resources to check batteries (6)____and identify (7)_____
4.3. Vocabulary of electrical system
 Engine face parts

 Note:
1. Accu (Bình ắc quy)
2. Starter (Máy khởi động)
3. Generator (Máy phát)
4. Ignition coil (Cuộn đánh lửa)
5. Electric lock (Khóa điện)
6. Dashboard clock
(Bảng đồng hồ điều khiển)
Figure 4.1: Engine face parts
7. Sensor (Các cảm biến)
(Các bộ phận điện động cơ)
 Accu
 Note:
1. Negative pole (Cực âm)
2. Vent button (Nút thông hơi)

3. Eye inspection (Mắt kiểm tra)
4. Positive pole (Cực dương)
5. Solution (Dung dịch)
6. Battery compartment (Ngăn ắc
quy)
7. Pole version (Bản cực)
Figure 4.2: Accu (Ắc qui)
 Components of the starting system  Note

1. Accu (Ắc qui)
2. Starter circuit (Mạch khởi
động)
3. Solenoid (Cuộn dây điện từ)
4. Starter motor (Motor khởi
động)
Figure 4.3: Components of the starting system 5. Control circuit (Mạch điều
(Các thành phần của hệ thống khởi động)
khiển)
6. Starter safety switch
(Công tắc an toàn)
7. Ignition switch (Công tắc
KĐ)
 Starting system
 Note:
1. Plunger contact disc (tiếp điểm
đồng xu (dis))
2. Solenoid windings (Cuộn dây
solenoid)

3. Return spring (Lò xo hồi)
4. Plunger (Pít tông)
5. Shift lever (Cần đẩy)
6. Pivot pin (Trục chốt)
7. Drive end housing (Đầu dẫn
động)
8. Drive pinion
(Bánh răng nhỏ dẫn động)
9. Overrunning clutch (Ly hợp
Figure 4.4: Starting system trượt)

(Hệ thống khởi động) 10. Motor frame (Vỏ motor)
11. Pole shoe (Má cực)
12. Armature (Phần ứng)
13. Field coil (Cuộn kích từ)
14. Ground bush (Chổi than)
15. Bush spring (Lò xo chổi than)
16. Field bush (Cuộn nối chổi than)
17. Bush end plate (Giá đỡ chổi
than)
 Components of the charging system

 Note
1. Relay (Rờ le)
2. Ignition switch (Công tắt
máy)
3. Indicator light (Đèn báo nạp)
4. Generator (Máy phát)
5. Accu (Ắc qui)
Figure 4.5: Components of the

charging system (Các thành phần của
hệ thống nạp)

 Charging system
 Note:
1. End cap (Nắp chụp)
2. Rectifier and field diodes (Bộ
chỉnh lưu và đi-ốt thường)
3. Rotor (Rô-to)
4. Regulator (Bộ điều chỉnh)
5. Securing bolt (Bu lông bảo vệ)
Figure 4.6: Charging system

(Hệ thống sạc)
 Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
1. Barbara needed a fuse housed in a glass tube to fix her engine. _ u b_ _ _r _ u_ _
2. Paolo attached the cable to the part of the battery that receives an electrical current. _
_si_ _ v_ t _ _ _ _na_
3. The mechanic needed a device that measures distance between electrodes to gap the
spark plugs. _ e e _ _ r g __ g _
4. Dahlia just discovered that her device that provides electricity is dead. _ a t_ _ _ y
5. Locate the housing that holds fuses. _ us_ _o _
6. Ed could tell the car was old because it had a part tha sends electricity to the engine.
d_ _tr_ _ _to_ ___
 Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word bank.

1. Charge: (Nạp)
2. Gap: (khe hở)
3. Negative terminals: (Cực âm)
4. Blade fuse: (Cầu chì)
5. Blow: (Thổi)
6. Burned-out: (Cháy hết)
7. Distributorless ignition systems: (Hệ thống phân phối đánh lửa)
1. ______ require less maintenance than those with distributors.
2. If an engine will not start, it might help to ______ the spark plugs.
3. The problem was a ______ fuse.
4. If the battery does not have a _______ the ignition will not work.
5. If you ______a fuse, some electric devices won't work.
6. Identify the positive and ______
7. Return this glass tube and get a ______

4.4. Listening of electrical system
4.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a customer and a company representative. Mark

the following statements as true (T) or false (F)
_____ 1. The man got the model number from the old fuse.
_____ 2. The man purchased the wrong type of fuse.
_____ 3. The woman explains how to install the fuse.
4.4.2. Listen again and complete the conversation.

Representative: Thanks for calling Car Genius. Can I help you?
Customer: Yes, (1)____________ to order a new fuse for my vehicle on your website,
but I can't find the right one.
Representative:I can certainly help you find the right fuse. Do you have your (2)
______with you?
Customer: Yes, I do. It says it's a 15A, but none of the pictures look (3) ________
Representative: You might be looking at the (4) ________Is your fuse plastic with two
metal blades?
Customer: Yes, but all the fuses in these pictures are (5)_____ glass.
Representative: You're on the page for (6) ____. You need to click on the link for blade
fuses.
5.5. Writing of electrical system
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the representative's notes about a service
call
Customer’s name:…………………………………………………………………………..
Customer’s phone:…………………………………………………………………………
Cusstomer’s address:……………………………………………………………………….
Customer's problem:….........................................................................................................
Cause of problem:…............................................................................................................
Was the problem resolved? Y/N .........................................................................................
If yes or no, how was the problem

resolved? ................................................................................

UNIT 5: IGNITION SYSTEM
5.1. Introduction of ignition system
Get ready: Before you read the passage of ignition system, talk about these
questions.
1. How do you start a car? Turn on the key
2. How can you start a car that has a dead battery?
You try to start your car and nothing happens. Compare your car's symptoms to our
troubleshooting list to see what's wrong.
When you turn the key:
Symptom: The lights don't work and the engine is silent.
Diagnosis: The battery could be dead. Check the cables and ground connections.
Symtom: The lights work. The engine makes a clicking noise but it doesn't turn over.
Diagnosis: There could be a loose connection involving the starter or starter relay.
Symtom: The lights work but the engine is silent.
Diagnosis: The starter could be bad, or you have a failing ignition switch.
A mechanic can replace your ignition switch, battery cables, or starter. If your battery is
dead, you can replace or charge it yourself after a jump start. Your car should start normally
once it's charged. However, if the battery doesn't hold the charge, there could be problems in
the charging system. Have a mechanic check the alternator, voltage regulator, and battery.
5.2. Reading of ignition system read the troubleshooting guide. Mark the following
statements as true (T) or false (F).
____ 1. If an ignition switch is bad, a car's lights won't work.
____ 2. The article recommends that professionals handle all work with batteries.
____ 3. A malfunctioning alternator could lead to a dead battery.

5.3. Vocabulary of ignition system
 Components of the ignition system
Figure 5.1: Components of the ignition system

(Các thành phần của hệ thống đánh lửa)
 Note:
2. Distributor (Bộ chia điện)
3. Ignition coil (Cuộn dây đánh lửa)
4. Electronic Control Module (Bộ điều khiển điện tử)
5. Ignition switch (Khóa điện)
6. Magnetic Pick-up (Cảm biến từ)
7. Armature or Reluctor (Phần ứng)
8. Vacuum advance (Bộ đánh lửa sớm)

 Distributor
 Note:
1. Contact breakers (gắc kết mối)
2. Condenser (Tụ điện)
3. Mechanical advance (Điệm cơ khí)
4. Baseplate (Tấm đế )
5. Vacuum advance unit
(Bộ phận chân không dk đánh lửa
sớm)
Figure 5.2: Distributor (Bộ chia điện)
 Ignition coil (Bobine)

 Note:
1. Output terminal (Cực đầu ra)
2. Secondary terminal (Cực thứ cấp)
3. Secondary coil (cuộn thứ cấp)
4. Iron core (Lõi sắt)
5. Primary coil (Cuộn sơ cấp)
6. Primary terminal (Cực sơ cấp)
Figure 5.3 Ignition coil (Cuộn đánh lửa)

 Read the sentence pair. Then, choose where the words best fit the blanks
1. Turn over / charge
A. Because of a bad starter, the engine won't _____
B. A dead battery has no _________
2. Charging system / key
A. Every car has a unique _______
B. If the battery is dead, check the ______
1. Alternator (Máy phát điện)
2. Turn over (Bật)
3. Jump start (Kích bình)
4. Ground (Đất)
5. Starter relay (Rơle khởi động)
6. Clicking (Tiếng gõ)
1. Attach these cables to your battery before the_____
2. When I turned the key, I heard (n) _____sound.
3. Electric current is sent by the______
4. A bad _____can lead to a dead battery.
5. When the engine doesn't ______, the car doesn't start.
6. A(n)_______is attached a battery's negative terminal and completes the circuit.
5.4. Listening of ignition system.
5.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a customer and mechanic. Choose the correct
answers.
1. What is likely the problem?

A. The battery is dead.
B. The car is out of gasoline.
C. The spark plugs are not firing.
D. The ignition switch isn't working.
2. What does the woman tell the man to do?
A. Replace the battery.
B. Turn off all electronic devices.
C. Have the car towed to the shop.
D. Get someone to jump start the car
5.4.2 Listen again and complete the conversation.
Mechanic: Let's see if we can find out what's wrong.
Customer: Oh, great. Thank you.
Ilechanic: First, I know this sounds silly, 1_______gas in the tank?
Customer: Yes, I filled the tank last night.
Mechanic: Okay. When the key is turned, can you switch the radio on?
Customer: Yes, the radio works, 2_______the lights.
Mechanic: . Good, that means the battery has some charge. What happens when you
3____________ ?
Customer: Nothing.
Mechanic: Does the engine 4________ ?
Customer: No, not at all.
Mechanic: Does the engine make a 5______ ?
Customer: No, there's no sound 6_________ ?

Mechanic: 7_____? the ignition switch or the starter. You'd better have the car towed in
so we can have it properly checked.
5.5 Writing of ignition system.
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the check-in sheet.
Chaglies garage
CHECK-IN SHEET
Customer: …..................................................................................................................
Cellphone: …..................................................................................................................
Address: …....................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Problem with car: …......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Describe symptoms: …..................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
Likely cause of problem: …............................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

UNIT 6: FUEL SYSTEM

6.1. Introduction of fuel system
Get ready of fuel system before you read the passage, talk about these questions.
1. What are some parts of an automobile fuel system?
2. Which part of the fuel system screens out dirt or rust from the fuel?
Fuel systems are necessary to provide the proper fuel for a variety of users in the plant.
They should include facilities for collection, preparation, and distribution of fuel to users.
Alternative fuels (as required) should be made available at all consuming points. The
commonly used ones are liquid fuel and gas fuel. On liquid fuel supplies at least one pump
and its standby should be steam driven or available reliable other power sources. Standby
pumping units should be arranged for instantaneous start-up on the failure of the operating
unit. This chapter specifies the requirement for process design of fuel systems used in oil and
gas processing industries. Major design parameters and guidelines for process design of fuel
systems are discussed.
Harris-Sons auto
Date: April 18 Customer: Charles Warner
Make: Tolento Model: Racer Year: 2006
Area of Inspection: Fuel system (Type: Gasoline direct injection)
Customer notes: Customer suspects the fuel injection system is malfunctioning
Report
Fuel lines: Visually checked steel and rubber fuel lines. Removed hoses and clamps and
checked for damage. Two hoses were replaced.
Filters: Removed and replaced the fuel filter. Removed and replaced the air filter.
Pumps: Checked fuel pump operating pressure.

Lines: Checked condition of fuel lines going to fuel tank. Checked hoses carrying fuel
to injectors.
Injectors: Checked and cleaned fuel injectors.
Air intake: Cleaned cold air collection box.
Carburetor: No carburet or on this model.
Inspection summary: The fuel system had not been serviced since purchase. Two rubber
hoses had signs of wear and small cracks. The fuel injectors were slightly clogged. Mr.
Warner is advised not to drive with little fuel in his tank to redude the amount of sediment
in fuel injectors.
6.2. Reading of fuel system read the mechanic's inspection report. Then, mark the
following statements as true (T) or false (F).
____ 1. The steel fuel lines were damaged.
____ 2. The fuel system had not been serviced before.
____ 3. This model of car does not use a carburetor.
6.3. Vocabulary of fuel system

 Gasoline carburetor
 Note:
1. Air horn (Đường khí vào)

2. Choke late (Tấm kéo bướm gió)
3. External bowl vent (Lỗ thông hơi)
4. Choke pull-off (Chốt chặn gió)
5. Throttle body & mounting base
(Thân bướm ga và đế gắn)
Figure 6.1: Gasoline carburetor
6. Float bowl (Buồng phao)
(Bộ chế hòa khí xăng)

 Carburetor No. 1  Note:
1. Choke linkage
(Cần nối cánh bướm gió)
2. Float chamber (Buồng phao)
3. Float (Phao)
4. Needle valve (Van kim)
5. Fuel intake pipe (Ống nhiên liệu
vào)
6. Accelerator pump diaphragm
(Màng ngăn bơm tăng tốc)
Figure 6.2: Carburetor No. 1
7. Vacuum pipe to distributor
(Bộ chế hòa khí số 1)
(Ống chân không nối với bộ phân
phối khí)
8. Throttle linkage
(Liên kết với bướm ga)
9. Throttle to choke linkage
(Liên kết giữa bướm ga và bướm
gió)
 Carburetor No. 2
 Note:
1. Damper (Nắp chắn)

2. Dashpot (Bộ giảm chấn tiết lưu)
3. Seft-adjusting screw
(Vít tự điều chỉnh)
4. Fuel-inlet pipe stub
(Ống nối ống nhiên liệu vào)
5. Fast-idle stop screw
(Vít điều chỉnh tốc độ không tải)
Figure 6.3: Carburetor No. 2
(Bộ chế hòa khí số 2) 6. Throttle stop screw

(Vít điều chỉnh van tiết lưu)
 Carburetor
 Note:
1. Damper (Nắp chắn)

2. Dashpot (Bộ giảm chấn tiết lưu)
3. Diaphragm (Màng ngăn)
4. Jet needle (Kim lỗ tia)
6. Oring (Vòng đệm)
8. Float (Phao)
9. Jet (Gíc-lơ)
Figure 6.4: Carburetor 10. Piston (Pít-tông)
(Bộ chế hòa khí)
 Fuel pump filter
 Note:
1. Electromagnet (Nam châm điện)

2. The two elbows are held by a ring
(khuỷu ống được giữ bởi vòng
đệm)
Figure 6.5: Fuel pump filter

(Bộ lọc bơm nhiên liệu)

 No. 1 fuel pump

 Note
1. Base (Đế)
2. Inlet (Ống vào)
3. Outlet (Ống ra)
4. Electromagnet (Nam châm điện)
5. Power connection (Bộ nối nguồn)
Figure 6.6: No. 1 fuel pump

(Bơm nhiên liệu số 1)
 Fuel filter No. 1
 Note:
1. Sealing (Nút kính)

2. Fitting flange (Mặt bích)
3. Double beading (Mối hàn dây đôi)
4. Multilayer filter medium
(Lọc nhiều lớp)
5. Water chamber (Khoang chứa
nước)
6. Water drain screw (Vít xả nước)
Figure 6.7: Fuel filter No. 1

(Bộ lọc nhiên liệu số 1)

 Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E).
1. Fuel line (Dòng nhiên liệu)____ A. a part that mixes fuel and air
2. Carburetor (Bộ chế hòa khí)____ B. a device that screens out dirt in the fuel
3. Fuel tank (Bình xăng)____ C. a storage container for fuel
4. Fuel filter (Bộ lọc nhiên liệu)___ _ D. a tube that delivers fuel to the
5. Fuel injector (Kim phun nhiên liệu)____ E. a pump that delivers fuel to the
combustion chamber of the engine
A. Fuel system (Hệ thống nhiên liệu)

B. Cold air collection box (Bộ nạp khí lạnh)
C. Fuel filter (Bộ lọc nhiên liệu)
D. Air filter (Bộ lọc khí)
E. Gasoline direct injection (Phun xăng trực tiếp)
1. The function of a(n)_____________is to remove impurities from fuel.
2. A(n)____________is used to remove dirt from air that mixes with fuel.
3. The___________contains the air filter.
4. The_________ uses a pump to deliver fuel to the engine.
5. With_________, fuel is sent directly into the cylinder.
6.4. Listening of fuel system.
6.4.1 Listen to a conversation between a mechanic and a car owner. Choose the correct
answers.
1. Why does the man apologize?
A. He cannot fix the damage.
B. He has to delay the repairs.
C. He thinks the work will be expensive.
D. He accidentally damaged the fuel system.

2. Why must the fuel tank be replaced?
A. It was punctured.
B. It has too much rust.
C. It has damaged hoses.
D. It was installed incorrectly.
6.4.2 Listen again and complete the conversation.
Customer: Oh, good. So, how does it look?
Mechanic: Not good. Your car needs a lot of work. (1)_______, but the estimate looks
pretty expensive.
Customer: Wow, (2)________ ? What's wrong with my car?
Mechanic: Well, the fuel system has big problems. There's a fuel leak. Some of the fuel
lines need to be replaced.
Customer: Still, a few hoses can't (3)_________money, can they?
Mechanic: The hoses are (4)__________.
Customer: There are more problems?
Mechanic: (5) __________The fuel tank has some serious (6) __________. I think it's
dangerous to leave it in.
Customer: Are new tanks expensive?
Mechanic: They're not cheap. And the time for the repairs will cost money too
6.5 Writing of fuel system
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the following mechanic's report.
Murphy’s garage: Inspectinon report
Parts checked: ..........................................................................................................
Problems: ................................................................................................................
Recommended repairs: ...............................................................................................

UNIT 7: LUBRICATION SYSTEM
7.1. Introduction of lubrication system
Get ready: Before you read the passage, talk about these questions.
1. How do drivers ensure the oil in their engine is up to standard?

2. What is used to grease car parts?
Figure 7.1: Oil change
A Lubrication system is a means whereby a material is placed between two rubbing

surfaces to alleviate friction and therefore wear. For example, if you rub your hands together
they will heat up due to the friction and eventually your skin will burn. However, if you put
soap your hands you will reduce the friction and therefore stop the damage.
The same applies for all surfaces which rub together and if there is no lubrication in
moving metal machinery, it means parts being replaced, and regularly in fast moving
machines like vehicles, manufacturing equipment, pistons, pumps, cams, bearings, turbines,
cutting tools, chains, and motors.
To help stop this wear a substance called a lubricant, is put in between the surfaces to
carry or to help carry the load. The lubricant is most commonly an oil or a grease. Keeping
the lubricant between moving surfaces is difficult to do and that’s where a lubrication system
comes in.

Figure 7.2: Oil change service
Figure 7.3: Grease gun
 You depend on your car that’s why getting gerulas maintenance from expess oil is so
important.
Here at Express Oil, we care about you and your car. As professionals, we offer more
than just oil changes. We watch over your lubrication system. Our selection of oils offers
the right viscosity and detergent properties to prevent sludge buildup. We can change your
oil filter, monitor the oil pressure and test the oil pump.

And we know: ifs tempting to change your oil at home. But a mistake could allow
heat and friction to damage your car. Our professional grease guns and Zerks will reduce
wear and tear and lubricate the suspension better than any home grease gun can.
Come experience express oil’s speed and convenience today
7.2. Reading of lubrication system.
 Read the advertisement for an oil change shop. Then, mark the following statements as true
(T) or false (F).
_______1. An oil change at Express Oil removes detergent buildup.

_______2. Express Oil changes oil pumps with each oil change.
_______3. A poorly lubricated suspension will experience friction.
7.3. Vocabulary of lubrication system

 Grease gun
Figure 7.4: Grease gun

 Note:
1. Heavy-duty construction (Xây dựng hạng nặng)
2. Handle (tay cầm)
3. Stepper barrel (Thùng chứa)
4. Lock plunge rod follower (Khóa an toàn)
5. 450g grease cartridge into or bulk fill (Bình chứa)
6. Fully repairable (Sửa chữa)
7. High vollume output (Vòi phung cao áp)
8. Rigid 150mm extension (Phần mở rộng)
 Lubrication system
 Note:
1. Rocker ams (Đòn bẩy)
2. Rocker shaft (Trục đòn bẩy)
3. Valves (Xu bắp)
4. Cylinder head (Nắp xylanh)
6. Oil gauge (Đồng hồ đo dầu)
7. Oil filter (Lọc dầu)
Figure 7.5: Lubrication system 8. Floating oil intake and screen
(Hệ thống bôi trơn)
(Nạp dầu thả nổi)
9. Pump (Bơm)
10. Oil pan (Các te)
11. Drive shaft (Trục truyền động)
13. Timing chain
(Dấu ăn khớp bánh răng)
14. Oil galleries (Đường dầu)
15. Tappet (vấu Cam)
16. Push rods (Đũa xu bắp)

 Oil pump
Figure 7.5: Oil pump
 Note:
1. Oil pump housing (Võ ngoài bơm dầu)
2. Support and fixing element (Phần hỗ trợ và sửa chữa)
3. Oil pump cover (Nắp bơm dầu)
 Gerotor pump
Figure 7.6: Gerotor pump

 Note:
1. Inner rotor (Bên trong roto)

2. Outer rotor (Bên ngoài roto)
3. Crescent (Cánh gạt lưỡi liềm)
Figure 7.7: Oil felter
 Note:
1. Relier spring (Lò xo)
2. Bybass valve (Van điều áp)
3. Support tube (Vòng kẹp ống)
4. Filter media (Phin lọc)
5. Anti-Drain valve (Van chống chảy ngược)
6. Cover plate (Nắp đậy)
7. Sealing ring (Vòng điệm kính)
 Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E).
1. Viscosit A. A part that works with a grease gun
2. Detergent B. The thickness of a fluid
3. Sludge C. A slippery substance used to keep parts moving
4. Oil D. A chemical used to clean things
5. Zerk E. A thick substance produced by burning oil

 Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word bank. lubricate
oil pressure.
Lubricate
Oil pressure
Reduce
Oil filter
Grease gun
Heat
1. The oil pump creates……………………….
2. A ………………………is used to pump grease.
3. The………………………screens out dirt.
4. Grease is used to ………………………engine parts.
5. Lubrication systems………………………damage caused by heat.
6. Parts rubbing together case ………………………
7.3. Listening of lubrication system.

 Listen to a conversation between a customer and a mechanic. Choose the correct
answers.
1. What is the conversation mainly about?

A. Extra charges on the bill
B. Reasons to replace the oil pump
C. Tasks completed during an oil change
D. Damages caused by a dirty oil filter
2. What will the man most likely do next?
A. Drain the oil
B. Change the oil filter
C. Check the lubrication system
D. Update the woman's account

 Listen again and complete the conversation.
Customer: Yes, hello. I'm Karen Hanson. You're 0 already done? That was quick.
Mechanic: Thanks, we 1 Let me just______________ review what we did and we can send
you on your way.
Customer: Okay, 2______________
Mechanic: First, we drained the oil and replaced it. Then, I changed the 3
______________and lubricated the steering and suspension system.
Customer: Hmm. My oil filter was 4______________at my last oil change. Was it really
necessary to do it again?
Mechanic: Oh, absolutely. It was pretty dirty. If it gets too full of dirt, oil won't
5______________And that can destroy an engine. Really, the oil filter should be replaced at
every oil change.
Customer: 6___________________________________
Mechanic: Of course, I can put a note on your account if you want us to check with you next
time.
Customer: I'd appreciate that, thanks.
Mechanic: No problem. I'll update it right now.
7.5. Writing of lubrication system

 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the oil change receipt.
Expess oil
Receipt for service
Tasks completed: ….........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Items replaced: …............................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Reason for replacement: …..............................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Other notes: ….................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

UNIT 8: COOLING SYSTEM

8.1. Introduction of cooling system.
.
Figure 8.1: Cooling system
1. What parts keep an engine cool?

2. What belt apparatus powers the water pump?
Any driver can keep a car's cooling system healthy. Professionals only need to be
consulted when something has to be replaced or fixed.
First, the easiest way to maintain your engine's cooling system is to keep adequate
antifreeze levels. Also known as coolant, antifreeze works to keep the fluid in the cooling
system from boiling or freezing. A coolant recovery system provides a reservoir for the
radiator. It collects overflowing coolant that can be . returned to the radiator after cooling.
Next, check the radiator. The upper radiator hose should be delivering liquid to the
radiator, and the lower radiator hose should be releasing liquid from the radiator by the force
of the water pump. A serpentine belt and pulleys may power the water pump, so inspect these
pieces carefully. Also, make sure the heater hoses are connected to the - - 0 heater core and
that the thermostat is operating.
Finally, the fan should be pulling cool air through the radiator fins while the car is idling

8.2. Reading of cooling system
 Read the chapter on auto repair. Then, choose the correct answers.
1. What is the main idea of the article?

A. Maintaining the cooling system
B. Comparing types of cooling systems
C. Replacing parts of the cooling system
D. Identifying problems in the cooling system
2. According to the passage, what is the easiest way to keep a cooling system functioning?
A. By keeping fans functioning
B. By testing the thermostat monthly
C. By replacing the water pump annually
D. By keeping the right amount of coolant
3. Which of the following does NOT cool a radiator?
A. Fan
B. Water pump
C. Heater hose
D. Coolant recovery system
8.3. Vocabulary of cooling system
Figure 8.2: A water-cooled cooling system

 Note:
1. Top radiator hose (Ống nối với két nước làm mát phía trên)
2. Expansion tank and cap (Bình chứa và nắp giảm áp)
3. Top tank (Phần trên két nước)
4. Coolant filter plug (Nút bộ lọc két nước)
5. Water channels in block and head (Các rãnh nước bên trong thân động cơ)
6. Heater blower fan (Quạt sưởi)
7. Heater (Bộ sưởi)
8. Hose to heater from block (Đường ống từ bộ sưởi đến thân động cơ)
9. Hose from heater (Đường ống từ bộ sưởi)
10. Bottom radiator hose (Ống nối với két nước làm mát phía dưới)
11. Water pump (Bơm nước)
12. Engine driven fan (Quạt dẫn động bởi động cơ)
13. Drain tap (Van xả của két nước)
14. Bottom tank (Phần dưới két nước)
15. Radiator core (Lõi của bộ tản nhiệt)
Figure 8.3: Air-cooled engine cooling systems
 Note:
1. Oil cooler (Bộ tản nhiệt bằng dầu)
2. Engine-driven fan (Quạt dẫn động bởi động cơ)

3. Ducting (Ống dẫn)
4. Fins on block and head (Các cánh tản nhiệt trên thân động cơ và nắp máy)
Figure 8.4: Water-valve heating system
 Note:
1. Demister (Đường ngưng tụ)
2. To interior (Đường vào)
3. Matrix (Cánh tản nhiệt)
4. Fan (Quạt)
Figure 8.5: Gasoline engine cooling system
 Note:
1. Pressure-release cap (Nắp xả áp suất)
2. Thermostart (Bộ điều nhiệt)
3. Pump (Bơm)

4. Cylinder (Xy-lanh)
5. Overflow pipe (Ống tràn)
6. Drain cock (Van hút)
7. Fan (Quạt)
Figure 8.6: Typical cooling system components
 Note:
1. Coolant level warning light switch (Công tắc đèn cảnh báo mức nước làm mát)
2. Pressure cap (Nắp áp suất)
3. Expansion tank (Bình chứa giảm áp)
4. Coolant temperature switch (Công tắc nhiệt độ nước làm mát)
5. Engine coler (Bộ làm mát động cơ)
6. Radiator fan (Quạt tản nhiệt)
7. Bottom coolant hose (Ống làm mát dưới đáy)
8. Top coolant hose (Ống làm mát hàng đầu)
9. Heater matrix supply and return pipes (Đường ống cung cấp và hồi vị)

 Match the words (1-7) with the definitions (A-G).
_______1. Fan
_______2. Pulley
_______3. Radiator
_______4. Antifreeze
_______5. Heater hose
_______6. Cooling system
_______7. Serpentine belt
A. The system that keeps the engine cool
B. A rubber tube that connects to the heater core
C. An electric device that blows air
D. D a device with a wheel and a grooved rim
E. The device used to cool liquid in a cooling system
F. A type of coolant used to prevent water from freezing
G. A rubber belt that winds through pulley
 Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks.
1. Upper radiator hose / lower radiator hose

A. The__________ carries liquid out of the radiator.
B. The __________ delivers liquid to the radiator.
2. Boil/freeze
A. Heating liquid to extreme temperatures makes it__________ .
B. Without antifreeze, liquids may__________ when it's cold.
3. Coolant / thermostat
A. A__________ is a liquid that helps keep the engine cool.
B. A__________ helps maintain an ideal temperature.
4. Water pump / coolant recovery system
A. The __________ catches liquid from the radiator.
B. The __________ circulates liquid through the cooling system.
8.4. Listening of cooling system

8.4.1 Listen to a conversation between a mechanic and a customer. Mark the following
statements as true (T) or false (F)
_______1. The car overheated because of a broken hose.

_______2. The radiator must be replaced.
_______3. The man recommends a new water pump.
Mechanic: Oh, Ms. Billings. Well, I've 1_______for you. Your car overheated because
the cooling system failed.
Customer: oh no. What happened?
Mechanic: Well, there are two problems. The 2 _______ is that the radiator is cracked.
Customer: Really? That's bad, isn't it?
Mechanic: Unfortunately, yeah. We'll need to 3_______
Customer: I see. I guess if that's what has to happen, okay. Now, you said there were
two problems?
Mechanic: That's right. Actually, it's this other problem that caused the damage to the
radiator. It's your 4 _______
Customer: It's broken, too?
Mechanic: 5_______It's just got a very 6 _______
8.5. Writing of cooling system.

 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the work order
Harrison Auto
Work Order
Customer: …................................................................................................................
Cellphone: …................................................................................................................
Address: …...................................................................................................................
Reason for bringing in car: …......................................................................................
Problem: …...................................................................................................................
Repairs needed: …........................................................................................................

UNIT 9: BRAKE SYSTEM
9.1. Introduction of brake system
1. What types of brakes are used in cars today?
2. How does a driver activate the brakes?
A brake is a mechanical device which inhibits motion. Its opposite component is
a clutch. Brake pedal slows a car to a stop. When you depress your brake pedal, your car
transmits the force from your foot to its brakes through a fluid. Since the actual brakes require
a much greater force than you could apply with your leg, your car must also multiply the force
of your foot.
The brakes transmit the force to the tires using friction, and the tires transmit that force
to the road using friction also. Whether you need new braker pads or a completely new braker
system, we have that you want!
Our services include:
• Brake system inspection
• Brake fluid changes
• Brake line repairs
• Brake shoe replacements
• Brake master cylinder inspection / repair
• Caliper inspection / replacements
• Power brake booster repair / replacements
• Detailed inspection and diagnostics for anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
We know brakes like no one else does. Whether you are driving with hydraulic brakes, disc
brakes, power brakes, or drum brakes, we know what to do.
Remember, you need to see a brake specialist immediately if you are experiencing:
• A brake warning light that stays on
• Squealing or grinding brakes
• A hard brake pedal
• A spongy or low brake pedal
• A parking brake locked in place

9.2. Reading of brake system
 Read the poster from a brake shop. Then, mark the following statements as true (T)
or false (F).
_______1. Quick Stop Brakes can replace entire brake systems.

_______2. The poster recommends changing brake fluid two times a year.
_______3. The poster recommends seeing a brake specialist if a brake pedal is too low.
9.3. Vocabulary of brake system

 Brake system
Figure 9.1: Brake system
 Note:
1. Rear brake drum (Trống phanh phía sau)
2. Handbrake linkage (Liên kết phanh tay)
3. Handbrake lever (Đòn bẩy phanh tay)
4. Front disc brake (Đĩa phanh phía trước)
5. Brake pipes (Ống dẫn dầu phanh)
6. Brake pedal (Bàn đạp phanh)
7. Master cylinder and servo unit (Xy-lanh chính và thiết bị trợ động)

 Excellent brakes
Figure 9.2: Excellent brakes
 Note:
1. Fluid reservoir (Bình chứa dầu phanh)
2. Piston (Pít-tông)
3. Spring (Lò xo)
4. Master cylinder (Xy-lanh chính)
5. Fluid (Dầu phanh)
6. Slave cylinder (Xy-lanh phụ)
7. Brake pedal (Bàn đạp phanh)

Figure 9.3: Power brakes[16]
 Note:
1. Vacuum pipe from inlet manifold (Ống chân không từ ống dẫn khí vào)
2. Diaphragm (Màng chắn)
3. Return spring (Lò xo hồi về)
4. Air value (Van khí)
5. Vacuum value (Van chân không)
Figure 9.4: Disk brake and Drum brake[17]
 Note:
1. Caliper assemply (Cụm phanh)
2. Hardware and springs (Lò xo và bộ phận khác)
3. Wheel cylinder (Xy-lanh phanh)
4. Backing Plate (Tấm lót)
5. Brake shoes (Giày phanh)
6. Self adjster (Tự điều chỉnh)
7. Parking brake cable (Cáp phanh đổ)
8. Disc Pads (Đĩa điệm)
9. Disc rotor (Đĩa quay)
10. Wheel studs (Bu-lông bánh xe)
11. Wheel Bearing (Khe hở trục bánh xe)

Figure 9.5: Brake disk[18]
 Note:
1. Backplate (Mâm phanh)
2. Caliper (Yên phanh)
3. Brake hose (Ống dẫn dầu phanh)
4. Piston (Pít-tông đẩy má phanh)
5. Wheel hub (Đùm bánh xe)

6. Pads (Má phanh)
7. Disc (Đĩa)

Figure 9.6: Drum brakes
 Note:
1. Drum (Trống phanh)
2. Lining (Bố phanh)
3. Shoe (Guốc phanh)
4. Backplate (Mâm phanh)
5. Cylinder (Xy-lanh)
6. Brake pipe (Ống dẫn dầu)
7. Piston (Pít-tông)
8. Return springs (2 lò xo hồi về)
9. Adjuster ratchet (Bánh cóc điều chỉnh)

 Match the words (1-9) with the definitions (A-I).
_______1. Brake pedal

_______2. Disc brake
_______3. Drum brake
_______4. Brake shoe
_______5. Master cylinder
_______6. Power brakes
_______7. Brake pad
_______8. Parking brake
_______9. Caliper
A. A thin block used to apply friction to a disc
B. A lever drivers press to slow a car
C. A piece of metal forced against a brake drum
D. A brake system using a brake booster
E. A brake that uses pads and discs to stop a car
F. A brake that is separate from the main system
G. A brake ha uses brake shoes to stop a car
H. A container for brake fluid
I. A device that holds holds brake pads
 Read the sentence pair. Choose where the words best fit the blanks.
1. Brake booster / brake line

A. A power brakes system relies on a _____
B. A______ connects a master cylinder and a brake.
2. Brake system / brake fluid
A. Without ______ , a hydraulic brake wouldn't work.
B. The ______ should be inspected regularly.
3. Hydraulic brake / anti-lock braking system
A. A(n) ______ prevents cars from slipping while braking.
B. A(n) _____ transmits power to brake pads with pressurized fluids.

9.4. Listening of brake system.
9.4.1 Listen to a conversation between a mechanic and manager in a brake shop. Mark
the following statements as true (T) or false (F).
_______1. The mechanics will repair a car's ABS.
_______2. The mechanics will install new brake shoes.
_______3. The shop has no afternoon appointments.
Manager: Good morning, Tim. What 1__________________ today?
Mechanic: Morning, Terry. It 2____________ a busy morning, but the afternoon will be
slow.
Manager: When's the 3?
Mechanic: It's at nine.
Manager: Okay, and what are we doing for them?
Mechanic: That one's an 4 _____________ replacement.
Manager: That's not too bad. 5_____________ that?
Mechanic: At ten, a 6____________________ is being towed in. We're replacing the
whole thing.
9.5. Writing of brake system.

 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the morning schedule.
Quick stop braker shop
Schedule
Date:
Time: Repairs/Work
9:00 …............................................................................................................................
10:00…............................................................................................................................

UNIT 10: STEERING SYSTEM

10.1. Introduction of steering system
1. How do drivers direct a car?
2. What connects the steering wheel to the rest of the steering system?
Rack and pinion steering is one of the most common steering systems used today. But
few people actually know how it works.
It all starts with the steering wheel. It turns a steering shaft, which is attached to the
pinion. The pinion, a gear, locks with the rack, another gear. So when you rotate the wheel,
the steering shaft turns the pinion. The pinion then turns the rack.
Attached to each side of the rack are inner and outer tie rods. These rods connect to the
spindles. As the rack pulls and pushes the rods, they move the spindles. And it is the spindles
that hold the wheels. By turning the spindle, the rods turn the wheel.
Most modern cars also have power steering. In these systems, the rack has a cylinder
with a piston in the middle. The power steering pump supplies high pressure fluid to move
the piston. This reduces the amount of force needed to turn the pinion gear and rack.
10.2. Reading: Read the chapter on auto repair. Then, mark the following statements
as true (T) or false (F).
______ 1. The tie rods connect to the control arms and pinion.
______ 2. The tie rods turn the spindles.
______ 3. Power steering removes gears from a steering system.


10.3. Vocabulary of steering system
 Steering system
 Note:
1. Steering wheel (Vô lăng lái xe)
2. Pinion (Bánh răng truyền)
3. Rack (Thước lái)
4. Tie rod end (Đầu rô tuyn)
5. Tie rod (Rô tuyn)
6. Spindle (Trục chính)
7. Power steering pump (Bơm trợ lực
lái)
8. Steering shaft (Trục lái)
Figure 10.1: Steering system (Hệ thống lái)
 Steering system
 Note:
1. Steering column (Trục cần lái)
2. Universal joint (Khớp nối quay)
3. Rack housing (Thước lái)
Figure 10.2: Steering system (Hệ thống lái)

 Steering - Rack system

 Note:
1. Steering column universal joint
(Khớp nối quay với trục lái chính)
2. Steering rack gaiter
(Vỏ chắn bụi thanh răng thước lái)
3. Tie rod (Thanh kéo)
Figure 10.3: Steering - Rack system

(Hệ thống lái khung đỡ)
 Steering – Rack
 Note:
1. Steering column (Trục lái chính)
2. Inner clip (Cổ dê đầu vào)
3. Outer clip (Cổ dê đầu ra)
4. Gaiter (Vỏ chắn bụi)
5. Steering pinion cover
(Hộp pi-nhông thước lái)
6. Track-rod-end ball joint
Figure 10.4: Steering – Rack (Khớp nối rô tuyn)
(Khung cơ cấu lái)

 Steering Box
 Note:
1. Ball joint (Ro tuyn lái ngoài)
2. Track rod (Thanh nối)
Figure 10.5: (Hộp cơ cấu lái)
8. Drop arm (Đòn quay)
9. Steering box (Hộp cơ cấu lái)
11. Idler and drop arm
(Thanh dẫn hướng và đòn quay)
10.3.1. Assignment of steering system
 Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E).
1. Spindle (Trục chính)____ A. A system that makes turning easier

2. Rotate (Xoay)____ B. A gear that mores the tie rods
3. Steering shaft (Trục lái)____ C. To turn something in a circular motion
4. Power steering (Trợ lực lái)____ D. A piece that connects the steering wheel
to the pinion
5. Rack (Thước lái)____ E. A part that holds wheels in place

 Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word bank.
Power steering pump (Bơm trợ lực lái) Pinion (Bánh răng truyền)
Steering system (Hệ thống lái) Steering wheel (Vô lăng lái xe)
Tie rod (Rô tuyn)
1. The_______________________________is connected to the rack and spindle.
2. High pressure fluid is moved by the__________________________________.
3. The rack is turned by the__________________________________________.
4. Every turn starts by moving the_____________________________________.
5. The_________________________________ is a combination of several parts,

including wheels, rods, and gears.
10.4. Listening of steering system
10.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a mechanic and a customer. Choose the

correct answers.
A. Describing a repair
B. Estimating repair costs
C. Investigating a problem
D. Listing broken components
2. What does the man suggest?
A. There may be a leak.
B. The pump may be broken.
C. The steering wheel may be broken.
D. The rack and pinion may be disconnected.

Customer: When I try to turn it, the (1)__________ __________ is really stiff.
Mechanic: So it takes a lot of work to turn it?
Customer: Oh, yes. I have to use (2)___________ ___________ __________.
Mechanic: Have you noticed any stains under the car?
Customer: You know, I (3)____________ _____________ ______________

on the garage floor this morning.
Mechanic: Well, you could be (4)___________ ____________ ___________. When there's

no fluid, it's really hard to turn the steering wheel. (5)___________
___________ ___________ ___________ a leak.
Customer: Is that hard to fix?
Mechanic: It'susually (6)__________ __________ __________ ___________. But let's get

your car on the lift and have a look.
10.5. Writing of steering system
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the mechanic'snotes.
 Please fill out your information:
Client: ............................................................................................................................
Cell phone: ....................................................................................................................
Address: ........................................................................................................................
Problem: ........................................................................................................................
Symptoms/Signs: ..........................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Likely cause: .................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

UNIT 11: SUSPENSION SYSTEM
11.1. Introduction of suspension system
Get ready: Before you read the passage of suspension system, talk about these
questions.
1. What is the function of a car'ssuspension system?
2. What are some parts of a suspension system?
For over 30 years, Acme has been a leading manufacturer of car suspension systems.
Our products are known for quality, durability and safety.
We offer double-wishbone, multilink and strut suspension systems at attractive prices.

Our MacPherson strut systems are constructed with high quality shock absorbers and coil
springs. We are a reliable source for air springs, torsion bars, stabilizer bars, ball joints, and
leaf springs.
Acme is also proud to congratulate the Top Speed professional racing team. Top Speed
won the 2011 International Racing Invitational Race, and the team uses only Acme strut
suspension systems in each and every car. Isn'tit time to drive like a pro? Choose Acme and
be a winner!
11.2. Reading: Read the suspension manufacturer's website. Then, mark the following
statements as true (T) or false (F).
_____ 1. Acme Suspension has developed thirty suspension models.
_____ 2. MacPherson strut systems have leaf springs.
_____ 3. Acme Suspensions' products are used in professional races.

11.3. Vocabulary of suspension system
 Suspension system
Figure 11.1: Suspension system (Hệ thống treo trên xe)
 Note:
1. Rigid fixing to wheel hub (Gắn cố định với trục bánh xe)
2. Anchor point to reinforced wing (Điểm neo gắn cố định với cản xe)
3. Pivoted arm to frame (Cần xoay gắn với khung)
4. MacPherson strut (Hệ thống giảm chấn MacPherson)
5. Half shafts and differential contained in casing (Bán trục và vi sai chứa trong vỏ)
6. Leaf-spring bush (Bạc lót lò xo lá)
7. Live rear axle (Cầu dẫn động phía sau)
8. Damper (Bộ giảm xóc)

 Front suspension
Figure 11.2: Front suspension (Hệ thống treo trước)
 Note:
1. Bush (Bạc lót)
2. Anti-roll bar bush (Ống lót thanh cân bằng)
3. Anti-roll bar (Thanh cần bằng)
4. Lower-arm pivot (Trục xoay dưới)
5. Ball joint (Khớp rô-tuyn)
 Rear suspension
Figure 11.3: Rear suspension (Hệ thống treo sau)
 Note:
1. Bushes (Bạc lót trục)
2. Live rear axle (Thanh dẫn động cầu sau)
3. Damper mountings (inside car) – Khung bộ giảm chấn (bên trong xe)

 Note:
1. Steering swivel ball joint
(Rô tuyn càng A)
2. Castellated nut (Đai ốc hoa)
3. Damper mounting on lower
wishbone
(Khung bộ giảm chấn gắn với đòn
chữ A)
4. Tie rod (Thanh giằng)
5. Frame (Khung xe)
6. Wishbone (Đòn chữ A)
Figure 11.4: Suspension system
(Hệ thống treo)
 Trailing – arm suspension

 Note:
1. Damper (Bộ giảm chấn)
2. Pivots (Khung đỡ)
3. Trailing arm
(Đòn kéo hệ thống treo sau)
4. Differential fixed to the frame
(Vỏ vi sai gắn với khung)
5. Jointed drive shaft
(Thanh nối bán trục)
Figure 11.5: Trailing – arm suspension
(Hệ thống trep trục móc)

 Wishbone suspension
 Note:
1. Top swivel pin (Chốt cầu trên)

2. Bottom swivel pin (Chốt cầu dưới)
3. Steering swivel member
(Khớp nối dẫn hướng)
Figure 11.6: Wishbone suspension

(Hệ thống treo đòn chữ A)
 Leaf – spring suspension
 Note:
1. Bush (Ống lót)

2. Spring eye and bush
(Móc lò xo và ống lót)
3. Leaf spring (Lò xo lá)
4. Mounting point on axle casing
(Chốt cố định trên vỏ trục)
5. Anti-roll bar (Thanh chống xoắn)
Figure 11.7: Leaf – spring suspension
6. Spring eye (Đầu móc lò xo)
(Hệ thống treo lò xo lá)

Figure 11.8: Suspension system (Hệ thống treo trên xe)
 Note:
1. Upper ball joint (Khớp cầu đòn treo trên)
2. Tie rod end adjusting sleeve (Đầu thanh lái và măng song điều chỉnh)
3. Idler arm (Đòn dẫn hướng, lái)
4. Coil spring (Lò xo cuộn)
5. Center link (Thanh liên kết)
6. Pitman arm (Đòn quay)
7. Upper control arm bushing (Bạc lót tay điều khiển trên)
8. Control arm shaft (Trục điều khiển)
9. Tie rod end (Đầu rô tuyn)
10. Swaybar bushing (Bạc lót thanh cân bằng)
11. Swaybar (Thanh cân bằng)
12. Lower control arm bushing (Bạc lót tay điều khiển dưới)
13. Swaybar link kit (Bộ liên kết thanh cân bằng)
14. Lower ball joint (Khớp cầu đòn treo dưới)

11.3.1. Assignment of suspension system
 Match the words (1-5) with the definitions (A-E)
_____ 1. Coil spring (Lò xo cuộn) A. A bar that connects the suspension system
_____ 2. Torsion bar (Thanh xoắn) B. A device that contracts and expands to
absorb shock
_____ 3. Ball joint (Khớp cầu) C. A ball that connects to a cup shaped
socket
_____ 4. Stabilizer bar (Thanh ổn định) D. A auto frame with four arms and no struts
_____ 5. Multi link suspension E. A bar that twists when the wheels turn
(Hệ thống treo đa liên kết)

 Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word bank
Macpherso strut (Thanh giằng MacPherson)
Double-wishbone suspension (Hệ thống treo đòn kép)
Leaf spring (Lò xo lá)
Air spring (Giảm chấn bằng khí)
1. If there is a sudden change in weight in the car, the _________ helps absorb it.
2. The ___________________'s metal strips bend and flex to absorb road shock.
3. A (n) _________________ has a coil spring and shock absorber attached to it.
4. There are two arms on a (n) _______________________________________ .

11.4. Listening of suspension system
11.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a new mechanic and an experienced mechanic.

Choose the correct answers.
A. Repairing a suspension system
B. Replacing shock absorbers
C. Listing suspension parts to check
D. Explaining different suspension types
2. What will the woman most likely do next?
A. Test the ball joints
B. Check the coil springs
C. Look at the torsion bar
D. Examine the shock absorbers
Mechanic 1: Dave, (1) ______________ _______________. I'm not sure what's

wrong with the car. I think it's (2) _____________ _____________.
Mechanic 2: Well, what's wrong with it?
Mechanic 1: The customer said it (3) ___________ ___________ ____________ on bumpy

roads.
Mechanic 2: Okay, I'd agree that it's a suspension problem. So let's go (4)
_______________-__________________-_________________. What kind
of suspension does it have?
Mechanic 1: It's a (5) ____________________ _____________________system.
Mechanic 2: All right, then you need to start by checking the (6) _________________
_________________ and shock absorbers.

Mechanic 1: I can do that. What else should I check?
Mechanic 2: Next, you should take a look at the ball joints.
11.5. Writing of suspension system
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the mechanic'schecklist.
 Please fill out your information
Suspension Check
Problem with car: ..........................................................................................................
Cell phone: ....................................................................................................................
Address: ........................................................................................................................
Type of suspension: ......................................................................................................
Order of items checked: ................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

UNIT 12: TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
12.1. Introduction of transmission system
Get ready: Before you read the passage of transmission system, talk about these
questions
1. What are two different types of transmission system?

2. How does a driver change gear?
Transmission, Trouble?
Problems with the drive train can ruin a car. That's why it's so important to catch signs
of it early. Here's a list of common transmission system problems. If you find any of these,
you'dbetter get to a mechanic.
1. Fluid is leaking. Transmission fluid is a red, sticky fluid. If you see this substance
under your car, there’s a problem. The transmission system is closed, so fluid will
never leak in a properly functioning system.
2. Your manual transmission grinds when the clutch is engaged. This suggests that the
synchronizers are worn out or damaged. Listen for grinding when you depress the
clutch pedal, but before you move the gear shift.
3. Your automatic transmission lags or jars when changing gears. An automatic

transmission should change gears smoothly. Anything else points to transmission
trouble.
4. The transmission whines or clunks. These sounds may come from different parts of
the car, depending on whether you have front-, rear-, or four-wheel drive, as most
have different transmission placements. But no matter where the sound comes
from, see a mechanic before it gets worse.
12.2. Reading: Read the auto repair webpage. Then, mark the following
statements as true (T) or false (F)
_____ 1. All transmissions lose fluid over time.
_____ 2. Grinding sounds indicate problems in automatic transmissions.

_____ 3. Most rear- and front-wheel drive cars have transmissions in different areas.
12.3. Vocabulary of transmission system
 Transmission system
 Note:
1. Differential housing (Bộ vi sai)
2. Propellor shaft (Trục các-đăng)
3. Gearbox (Hộp số)
4. Engine (Động cơ)
5. Universal joints (Khớp nối bi chữ
thập)
6. Rear axle (Cầu sau)
Figure 12.1: Transmission system
(Hệ thống truyền lực)
 Hydraulic torque converter

 Note:
1. Freewheel (Bánh răng tự do)
2. Input shaft to gearbox
(Trục đầu vào hộp số)
3. Reactor (Phần tử cảm ứng)
4. Impeller (Cánh bơm biến mô)
5. Turbine (Tua-bin)
6. Flywheel (Bánh đà)
Figure 12.2: Hydraulic torque converter

(Hộp số tự động)

 Floor gearbox
Figure 12.3: Floor gearbox (Hộp số sàn)

 Note:
(1) A spring-loaded ball at the base of the gear lever aligns with a recess in the selector rod
holding the lever inposition until the driver changes gears (Một viên bi giữ lò xo ở chân
cần số căn chỉnh với một hốc trong trục cần số để giữ cần số cho đến khi người lái thay đổi
số khác)
(2) The mainshaft, or output shaft, transmits drive from the layshaft to the propellor shaft,
when a gear is selected (Trục chính hoặc đầu ra, truyền lực dẫn đến trục phân phối khi một
số được gài)
(3) The layshaft transmits drive from the input shaft to the mainshaft when a constantly
meshed gear is locked to the mainshaft by means of asplined mesh (Trục phân phối truyền
lực dẫn từ trục đầu vào đến trục chính khi một bánh răng liên tục được khóa với trục chính
bằng)
(4) When the reverse idler gear is selected, it is interposed in the gear train, reversing the
normal direction of the mainshaft (Khi gài số lùi, các bánh răng ăn khớp với nhau làm đảo
ngược hướng bình thường của trục chính)
(5) The input shaft takes the drive from the engine (when the clutch is engaged) into the
gearbox (Trục đầu vào dẫn lực truyền từ động cơ, khi ly hợp hợp ăn khớp vào hộp số)

(6) The selector rods and forks move the synchromesh units back and forth, according to
which gear is selected (Các trục và cần trục di chuyển các bộ đồng tốc qua lại, tùy theo số
nào được gài)
Figure 12.4: Transmission system (Hệ thống truyền dẫn)
 Note:
(1) Clutch (Ly hợp)
(2) Output sharf (Đầu trục ra)
(3) 1st gear (Số 1)
(4) 2nd gear (Số 2)
(5) 3rd gear (Số 3)
(6) Selector fork (Càng gạt số)
(7) Spur gears (Bánh răng trụ tròn)
(8) 4th gear (Số 4)
(9) 5th gear (Số 5)
(10) Layshaft (Trục trung gian)

 Clutch
Figure 12.5: Clutch (Ly hợp)
 Note:
(1) The flywheel is bolted to the rearend of the crankshaft. Part of itssurface mates to the
drivenplate (Bánh đà được gắn phía sau của trục khuỷu. Bề mặt bên kia liên kết với đĩa ma
sát)
(2) Pressure plate (Đĩa ép)
(3) The driven plate is located on the splined end of the gearbox input shaft, through which
is transmits power when clamped between the flywheel and pressure plate (Đĩa mã sát
được bố trí ở đầu trục then hoa của trục đầu vào hộp số, thông qua đó có thể truyền lực dẫn
động khi bánh đà và đĩa ép liên kết)
(4) The gearbox inputshaft is splined to carry the driven plate (Trục đầu vào của hộp số là
trục then hoa ăn khớp được với đĩa ma sát)
(5) Clutch operation starts at the pedal. It is connected to either a cable or a hydraulic master
cylinder (Ly hợp hoạt động khi đạp bàn đạp ly hợp. Được truyền động thông qua cáp hoặc
xilanh chính ly hợp)
(6) The release bearing is operated by a fork (Bạc đạn chà của bộ ly hợp được điều khiển
bởi chạc ly hợp hay còn gọi là càng cua ly hợp)

(7) The tongues of the diaphragm springs point inwards. When the clutch pedal is
depressed, the release bearing pushes against the inner rim of the diaphragm, releasing
clamping pressure on the driven plate (Các lá lò xo của lò xo lá bị ép vào trong. Khi đạp
bàn đạp ly hợp, chạc ly hợp (càng cua) đẩy đĩa lò xo ra, nhả đĩa ép khỏi đĩa ly hợp)
(8) The clutch cover plate is bolted to the flywheel, and its diaphragm spring clamps the
driven plate to the flywheel (Mâm ép ly hợp được bắt cố định vào bánh đà và lò xo lá ép
đĩa ma sát vào bánh đà)
(9) Bell housing (Chuông đầu hộp số)
(10) Bolt to engine block (Bu lông bắt với thân máy)
 Rear axle
Figure 12.6: Rear axle (Cầu sau)
 Note:
(1) Differential casing (Vỏ hộp si sai)
(2) Propeller shaft (Trục các-đăng)
(3) Pinion oil seal (Phốt dầu pi-nhông)
(4) Drain plug (Ốc xả dầu)
(5) Filler plug (Ốc châm dầu)

Figure 12.7: Transmission system (Hệ thống truyền lực)
 Note:
(1) Worm gear (Bánh vít)
(2) Helical gear (Bánh răng cong)
(3) Double helical gear (Bánh răng có răng hình chữ V)
(4) Spiral bevel gear (Bánh răng nón, răng cong)
(5) Miter gear (Bánh răng côn)
(6) Straight bevel gear (Bánh răng vát thẳng)
(7) Spur gear (Bánh răng trụ tròn)
(8) Rack and pinion (Thanh răng – bánh răng)

12.3.1. Assignment of transmission system
 Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F).
_____ 1. Rear-wheel drive (Hệ thống dẫn động cầu sau)
_____ 2. Automatic transmission (Hộp số tự động)
_____ 3. Manual transmission (Hộp số sàn)
_____ 4. Drive train (Tổ hợp từ hộp số đến láp)
_____ 5. Clutch pedal (Bàn đạp ly hợp)
_____ 6. Engage (Gài khớp)
A. A system that powers a car from the back wheels
B. A transmission controlled by the driver
C. A lever that allows drivers to change gears
D. A transmission controlled by the car
E. The system that delivers power to the wheels
F. To use

 Fill in the blanks with the correct words and phrases from the word bank.
Transmission system (Hệ thống truyền dẫn)
Four-wheel drive (Hệ dẫn động bốn bánh)
Front-wheel drive (Hệ dẫn động cầu trước)
Transmission fluid (Dầu hộp số)
Clutch (Ly hợp)
Gear shift (Cần số)
1. Move the _________________ to the far left position to put the car in reverse.
2. This car has a manual transmission. Can you use a _____________________?
3. Cars with ________________________________________ can drive in snow and

wet weather without losing traction.
4. A car with __________________________________ is powered from the front tires,

not the rear tires.
5. The ___________________________ in a automatic car functions on its own.
6. ______________________________________ is a red, sweet smelling liquid.

10.4. Listening of transmission system
10.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a car owner and a mechanic. Choose the
correct answers.
1. Why does the man call the mechanic?
A. His car whines at high speeds.
B. His car grinds when changing gears.
C. His car is leaking transmission fluid.
D. His car jerks suddenly when changing gears.
2. What does the woman suspect is wrong?
A. The synchronizers are worn down.

B. The gear shift is too loose.
C. The transmission fluid is gone.
D. The clutch pedal needs replacing.
Mechanic: Sure. Can you tell me what's happening?
Owner: Well, whenever I shift gears, I hear a loud grinding noise.
Mechanic: Hmm, sounds like a transmission system problem. Is it a (1)_________

__________ __________ __________ transmission?
Owner: It's a manual transmission.
Mechanic: (2)_____________ ______________ ______________ is your car?
Owner: It's about 7 years old.
Mechanic: Well, it' s possible for the synchronizers to get (3)________________

________________ in that time. I suspect that's the problem.
Owner: I was afraid of that. So, can I (4)________________ ________________

________________ this weekend?
Mechanic: Actually, I'd recommend that you bring it in (5)_________________

_________________. These things can get worse (6)______________
_______________ _______________.
Owner: Got it. What'sa good time?
Mechanic: How about two this afternoon?
Owner: Sure, see you then.
12.5. Writing of transmission system
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the appointment sheet.
 Please fill out your information
Appointment sheet

Customer name: ............................................................................................................
Cell phone: ....................................................................................................................
Address: ........................................................................................................................
Appointment time: ........................................................................................................

Type of transmission: ....................................................................................................
Explain problems: .........................................................................................................
Possible repairs: ............................................................................................................

UNIT 13: DIFFERENTIAL AND JOINTS
13.1. Introduction of differential and joints
Get ready: Before you read the passage of differential and joints, please talk about
these questions.
1. What joint is two connected hinges?
2. What type of joint does a CV boot protect?
Dear Roger,
It sounds like you have a problem with your joints, which transmit the rotary motion of
transaxle to the wheels. If you have a rear-wheel drive vehicle, you likely have U-joints.
A U-joint is essentially two connected hinges. When the connection is loose, they spin
and make a "clunk" upon meeting. On the other hand, if you have a front-wheel drive car, you
probably have CV joints. Like U-joints, CV joints produce a knocking sound when loose.
However, the problem usually begins with the CV boot. A cracked CV boot lets grease
escape and dirt enter. The result is that the coupling experiences too much friction, wears
down, and loosens. But no matter what joints you have, you need to get to a mechanic before
the joints completely fail and you lose control of your vehicle.
13.2. Reading: read the auto advice column. Then, choose the correct answers.
1. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To show the steps of joint replacement
B. To recommend switching to CV joints
C. To explain symptoms of U and CV joint damage
D. To describe the differences between U and CV joints
2. Where does damage to a CV joint usually start?
A. A worn down hinge

B. A cracked CV boot
C. A loose coupling

D. A snapped transaxle
3. What is probably true of a car with a damaged CV boot?
A. It needs a new U-joint.
B. It has front -wheel drive.
C. It cannot transmit rotary motion.
D. Its CV joint has completely failed
13.3. Vocabulary of differential, joints
 Differential, joints
 Note:
(1) U – joint (Khớp chữ U)
(2) Coupling (Khớp nối)
(3) CV joints (Khớp CV)
(4) CV boot (Vỏ bọc CV)
(5) Transaxle (Hộp số)
Figure 13.1: Differential, joints

(Vi sai, khớp nối)
 Diferential
 Note:
(1) Crown wheel (Bánh răng vành
khăn)
(2) Prop-shaft pinion
(Pi-nhông trục các đăng)
(3) Half-shaft pinion (Pi-nhông bán
trục)

Figure 13.2: Diferential (Vi sai) (4) Half shaft (Bán trục)
Figure 13.3: Bridge – Differential (Cầu xe - Vi sai)
 Note:
(1) Small gear (Bánh răng nhỏ)
(2) Rotating cage (Lồng xoay)
(3) Large gear (Bánh răng lớn)
(4) Outer half shaft (Bán trục ngoài)
(5) Small gear (Bánh răng nhỏ)
(6) Large gear (Bánh răng lớn)
(7) Propeller shaft (Trục các đăng)
(8) Inner half shaft (Bán trục trong)
(9) Crown wheel (Bánh răng nón chủ động)
(10) Pinion (Bánh răng hình nón)

Figure 13.4: Bridge – Differential (Cầu xe - Vi sai)
 Note:
(1) Axle shaft (Bán trục cầu xe)
(2) Pinion gear (Bánh răng nhỏ)
(3) Pinion shaft (Trục bánh răng)
(4) Universal joint (Khớp nối)
(5) Differential side gear (Bánh răng côn trục cầu xe)
(6) Axle housin (Vỏ cầu xe- vi sai)
(7) Axle shaft (Bán trục cầu xe)
(8) Axle shaft side gear (Bánh răng bên trục cầu xe)
(9) Ring gear (Vòng răng bánh đà)

13.3.1. Assignment of differential, joints
 Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F).
_____ 1. CV boot (Vỏ bọc CV)
_____ 2. Joint (Khớp nối)
_____ 3. Friction (Ma sát)
_____ 4. Knocking (Kích nổ)
_____ 5. Rotary motion (Chuyển động quay)
_____ 6. Transaxle (Hộp số)
A. A point at which two things are joined
B. A circul ar turn
C. Protective rubber sleeve
D. The resistance created when two bodies rub together
E. A short, hard and repetitive sound
F. A device that transfers energy from the transmission
U joints (Khớp chữ U) Couplings (Khớp nối) CV joints (Khớp CV)
Hinges (Bản lề) Clunk Transmits (Truyền)
1. The engine ______________________________energy to the rest of the car.

2. ____________________________ are usually found on front-wheel drive cars.
3. The car made a________________________________ when it shifted gears.
4. Cars with rear - wheel drive often have______________________________
5. Doors turn on __________________________________________________
6. All car joints are types of _________________________________________

13.4. Listening of differential, joints
13.4.1. Listen to a conversation between a mechanic and a car owner. Mark the
_____ 1. The problem was caused by a damaged U-joint.
_____ 2. The man recommends fixing the joint.
_____ 3. The woman approves replacing the joint and shaft.
Mechanic: Oh, hi. Yes, well, I've figured out what was causing that (1)________________
sound.
Customer: Oh, good. What was it?
Mechanic: It's (2)___________ ____________ ____________ ____________.
It's the (3)____________________ ___________________.
Customer: I see. Did I cause the damage somehow?
Mechanic: (4)_______________ _______________. The CV boot cracked,

but that can happen after a lot of driving.
Customer: Okay. So (5)____________ ____________ ____________ it? Or will you have to

replace it?
Mechanic: It's (6)_________________ __________________, so we'll have to replace it.
13.5. Writing of differential, joints
 Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill out the repair shop'swork report.
Please fill out your information
Mechanic Labor Report
Mechanic name: ............................................................................................................
Address: ........................................................................................................................
Problem reported:..........................................................................................................

Cause: ............................................................................................................................
Repairs
Needed:………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Giáo Trình Ta CN

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Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành công nghệ kỹ thuật ô tô – Khoa cơ khí động lực - Vlute

HEADING: Tools & Equipment

A breaker bar helps break loose stubborn nuts and bolts.

A torque wrench comes in handy

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 1

4. Different types of pliers

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 2

5. Hammers (traditional and dead-blow)

You should keep a traditional hammer handy.

6. Oil filter wrench

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 3

You should always keep a set of small picks in your toolbox

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 4

For newbies, a medium-length pry bar is good enough

9. Punches and chisels

Punches and chisels serve a multitude of uses

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 5

Be sure you have all of the various types of screwdrivers.

11. Tire pressure gauge

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 6

If you’re working on vintage domestic vehicles,

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 7

You can use your air compressor to adjust tire pressure.

Be sure to always have a fire extinguisher on hand in case of an emergency.

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 8

4. Fluid drain pan

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 9

Keep oil spillage to a minimum by using a funnel

6. Jack and jack stands

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 10

Accidents are unavoidable when working on cars,

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 11

10. Repair manual or access to a repair database

Always consult a repair manual when fixing a vehicle

11. Impact wrench

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 12

For those who are just starting out, a 1/2-inch pneumatic

1. Digital multimeter (DMM)

A basic digital multimeter can be used to measure

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 13

Much like a doctor’s stethoscope, a mechanic’s stethoscope is an acoustic device used to

A mechanic’s stethoscope is an acoustic device used to listen to internal sounds.

3. Scan tool or code reader

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 14

As a newbie, you’ll probably want to start with a code reader,

A Mechanic’s Tool Collection is never complete

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 15

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 16

Figure 1.1: Structure (Cấu tạo) of ICE

 Internal Combustion Engine

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 17

Figure 1.3: Engine (Động cơ)

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 18

 Single overhead camshaft

1.3.1. Assignment of internal combustion engine

 Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F)

2. Connecting rod (Thanh truyền) B. Holds large shaft in engine

3. Crankcase (Các te) C. Creates tight seal

4. Piston ring (Xéc măng) D. Top part of engine

5. Spark plug (Bugi) E. Transfers power from piston

6. Head (Nắp máy) F. Causes explosion

GV. TS. Mai Phước Trải Page 19

1.4. Listening of internal combustion engine