POLIME 1. [Group Luyén thi danh gia nang we (Facebook)] Cau tao: Polime la ning hop chat c6 phan tir kh6i rat lon do nhidu don vi nhé (goi la mat xich) lién két vei nhau, Cac phan tt ban dau tao nén tieng mac xfch ctia polime goi 1 monome, Vi du: Polietilen (~CH, — CH —), thi-CH — CH, — 14 mc xich; n 1a hé s6 tring hop. Chis6 n goi la hé s6 polime héa hay 46 polime héa n cang I6n thi phan tt khdI cila polime cang cao. Phan loai: Dura vao nguén géc: © Polime thién nhién nhu cao su, xelulozo... ‘© Polime téng hop nhw polietilen, nhua phenol - fomandehit. © Polime nhan tao hay ban tng hop nhu xenlulozo trinitrat, to visco .. Dua vaio cdch téng hop: * Polime tring hop dugc téng hgp bang phan ting tring hp: (- CH.~ CH-),, va (-CH2-CHCI-),. © Polime tring ngung duoc téng hop bang phan (mg tring ngung: (-HN- [CH2]¢- NH- CO- [CH],-CO-),,. Dua vao edu tric: ‘* Polime c6 mach khong phan nhanh (PVG, PE, PS, cao su, xenlulozo, tinh bot...) © Polime c6 mach nhanh (amilopectin, glicogen) ‘© Polime c6 cau trite mang khong gian (rezit, cao su luru héa). IL. [Group Luyén thi danh gia nang lye (Facebook)] Danh phap: Tén cia cic polime due cu tao bing cach ghép tir poll truéc ten monome. Vidu: (- CH, CH -),, 1a polietilen va (—CgH,905 —)n 18 polisaccarit, .. ‘+ Néutén monome gm 2 tir tr Ién hode tir hai monome tao nén polime thi ten monome phai dé trong ngoac don. Vid (-CH, ~ CHCl —),,: poli (vinyl clorua) (CH, — CH = CH — CH, — CH(CgHs) — CH2—)n: poli (butadien - stiren) ‘© Méts6 polime cé tén riéng (tén thong thu’ng). CF, — CF, —)q: Teflon; (CNH — [CHg]5 — CO —)y: Nilon ~ 6; (CeH1o05) x: Xenlulozo; ... INL. [Group Luyén thi danh gid nding lye (Facebook)] Tinh chat vat ly: ‘© Polime la nhiing chat ran, khéng bay hoi, khéng cé nhiét 46 néng chay xac dinh, khong néng chay cho chat long nhét, 4@ ngudi rdn lai (chat nhigt déo). LY THUYET TONG ON DANH GIA NANG LY'C - HOA HQC - Group “Luyén thi dnh gid nang le” (Facebook) Link group: https:/ wwrw-facebook.com/groups/luyenthidanhgianangluc[GROUP “LUYEN THI DANH GIA NANG LUC" (FACEBOOK)] Link page: https://www-facebook.com luyenthidanhgianangluc © Hau hét polime khéng tan trong née. * Métsé polime cé tinh déo, mét sé cé tinh dan hoi, mét sé dai, ben, cé thé kéo soi. IV. [Group Luyén thi danh gid nang luc (Facebook)] Tinh chat héa hoc: 1. Phan tng gitr nguyén mach polime C4c nhém thé dinh vao mach polime cé thé tham gia phan tng ma khéng lam thay déi mach polime. Vi du: Poli (vinyl axetat) (PVA) tac dung véi dung dich NaOH, é day phan tng dién ra & géc este, con mach polime van duge git nguyén. cm Fa +nN0H —"—> €¢H)— oa +nCH;COONa OCOCH, OH Poli(einyl ancel) Nhimg polime cé lién két déi trong mach c6 thé tham gia phan tng cOng vao lién két d6i ma khong lam thay d6i mach polime, Vé du: Cao su thién nhién tac dung vi nau, atta PS f fa en \ a FA oh gt A Cao su hidroclo hoa 2. Phan tng phan cat mach polime ‘© Phan ting thy phan polieste: £.C0- Cyfly-CO- 0 - CH - CH -O-}- + 2nk,0 ttt > ng -HOOC -CjHy- COOH) Poli(etylen ~ terephtalat) (te lapsan) + nHO- CH - CH, -OH ‘© Phan ting thay phan polipeptit hoc poliamit: (-NH-[CH2]s-CO-), + nH20 —*#*> nH2N-[CH2];-COOH Phan tg thily phan tinh bét, xenluloze ‘© Phan ting nhit phan polistiren: { cH— ca —Y& > ach= va ay F CoH CoHs 3. Phan tng khau mach polime Sur lew héa cao su: Khi hap néng cao su thé voi liu huynh thi thu durge cao su leu héa. O cao su luu ha, céc mach polime durgc néi voi nhau béi cac cau - $-S- (cu disunfua). LY THUYET TONG ON DANH GIA NANG LUC - HOA HQC - Group “Luyén thi danh gid nang lwe" (Facebook) Link group: https://wwrw-facebook.com/groups/luyenthidanhgiananglucCao subuna Nha rezit (nhwa bakelit): Khi dun néng nhya rezol thu dugc nhwa rezit, trong a6 céc mach polime durgc khau v6i nhau bai cae nhém ~ CH- (nhém metylen) OH cH? = Oo’ Hy e sist ats CH, 4 nH, ach ba Th rezol rezit ~ Polime khdu mach cé cétu trtic mang khong gian do dé tré nén khé néng chdy, khé tan va bén hon so v6i polime chwa khéu mach. V. [Group Luyén thi danh gid mang lc (Facebook)] Diéu ché: 1. Phan éeng tring hop ‘Triing hop a qua trinh két hgp nhigu phan tir nhé (monome), giéng nhau hay twong ty nhau thanh phan tir rat 16n (polime). Diu kién cin v8 c4u tao cha monome tham gia phan ting tring hgp phai c6 la: © Lién két bai. Vidu: CHy = CH, CH, = CH-CoHs © Cé vong kém bén Vidu: Gh— cH Ch) — CH— CHCl (CH) — CH) —CEy\, aA A Bre ‘6 i} CH, — CH —NH oxiran 2-clometyloxiran ‘caprolactam * Phan logi: ‘Triing hop chi tir m9t loai monome tao homopolime. Vidu: n= CH aah {Ey a cae poli(vinyl clorua) PVC) LY THUYET TONG ON DANH GIA NANG LUC - HOA HQC - Group “Luyén thi danh gid nang lwe" (Facebook) Link group: https://wwrwefacebook.com/groups/luyenthidanhgiananglue[GROUP “LUYEN THI DANH GIA NANG LUC" (FACEBOOK)] ink page: hitps://www-facebook.com /luyenthidanhgianangluc ‘Tring hop mé vong, Vi dus (CH — CHy— CHa, ee a] weso Ate NHYCHy.co+— Nilon — 6 (to capron) dong triing hop) tao copolime. Vi du: te nCH)=CH-CH-CHy + nCH=CH MEP + Gh, CH=CH- CH CH ca} T fa Cos Cs ‘Triing hop tir hai hay nhiéu loai monome (g Poli(butadien — stiren) (cao su buna ~ S) 2. Phan teng tring ngung © Trang ngung 1a qua trinh két hop nhiéu phan tir nhé (monome) thanh phan tir rat l6n (polime) dng thoi giai ph6ng nhimng phan tr nhé khac (nhw 430, ..) ‘© Diéu kign cin dé c6 phan tng tring ngung: Cac monome tham gia phan img tring ngumg phai co it nhat hai nh6m chite ¢6 kha nang phan ting dé tao durgc lién két v6i nhau. Vidu: nHN[CH,],COOH =“ 4 NH[CH,],CO}, +nH,0 axit e-aminocaproic policaproamit(nilon-6) ER LY THUYET TONG ON DANH GIA NANG LUC - HOA HQC - Group “Luyén thi danh gia nang luc" (Facebook) Link group: https://wwrwefacebook.com/groups/luyenthidanhgiananglue