Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Gravitation and Central Force Motion Assignment Section 1 | Basics Question 1.1 [IIT JAM] 2016 (a) Consider a particle of mass m following a trajectory given by x = x,cosw,t and y =y,sinw,t, where x,y, , and w, are constants of appropriate dimensions, The force on the particle is a) central only ifw, = 0, b) central only ifx, = y, andw, = w, y,andw, #0, ©) always central @) central only ifx, Question 1.2 [CUET] (b) The areal velocity of the planet in a central force field is (a) Zero (b) Conserved (© Infinity (A) Not conserved Question 1.3 [CUET 2022] (4) Consider a planet moving in an elliptical orbit around the Sun. Which of the following quantities will remain constant in a planetary motion as seen from the Sun? (1) Speed (2) Angular Velocity -—_(3) Kinetic Energy (4) Areal Velocity Question 1.4 [IIT JAM 2020] (a) For a particle moving in a central potential, which one of the following statements is correct? (a) The motion is restricted to a plane due to the conservation of angular momentum (b) The motion is restricted to a plane due to the conservation of energy only (©) The motion is restricted to a plane due to the conservation of linear momentum (A) The motion is not restricted to a plane Question 1.5 (4) For central force motion, the value of 0 is a) 1? /mr* b) L’/2mr* ©) L/2mr* d) L/mr? Website: www.myorepkit.in or Download the PrepKit app Page 1 Contact us: contaci@myprepkit in Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Section 2 | Problems related to Effective Potential Question 2.1 (a) A planet of mass m moves in a circular orbit of radius r, in the gravitational potential vo) k/r. The angular momentum of the planet is a) km, b) 2,/kmr, ©) .[2kmr, a) «fieme /2 Question 2.2 [(a) > L’/mk, (b) > @ = mk’/L"] A planet of mass m and angular momentum L moves in a circular orbit under a potential V(r) == k/r. a) Find the radius of stable circular orbit b) If the planet is slightly perturbed, find its angular frequency of the radial oscillation. Question 2.3 [IIT JAM 2022] (b) A particle of mass m and angular momentum L. moves in space where its potential energy is U(r) = kr? (ke > 0) and ris the radial coordinate. If the particle moves in a circular orbit, then the radius of the orbit is oe We oe of Question 2.4 [JEST 2018] (d) Consider a particle of mass m moving under the effect of an attractive central potential given =3 : 2 as V = kr wherek > 0. Fora given angular momentum Lr, = 3km/L” corresponds to the radius of the possible circular orbit and the corresponding energy is E, = L’/6mr® . The particle is released from r >r, with an inward velocity, energy £ = 6, and angular momentum L . How long will be particle take to reach r, a) zero b) 2mr3/L 6) 2afmr?/L d) infinite Question 2.5 [JEST 2019] (b) What is the change in the kinetic energy of rotation of the earth if its radius shrinks by 1% ? Assume that the mass remains the same and the density is uniform. a) increases by 1% b) increases by 2% c) decreases by 1% d) decreases by 2% Website: www.myorepkit.in or Download the PrepKit app Page 2 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Question 2.6 JEST 2019] (a) In a fixed target elastic scattering experiment, a projectile of mass m, having initial velocity v., and impact parameter b, approaches the scatterer. It experience a central repulsive force f(r) = k/r* (k>0). Whatis the distance of the closest approach d ? a) d = (6 + k/mvy*? b) d = (6 = k/mv'y*? od a) d = 4/k/mv* Question 2.7 (b) Consider circular orbits in central force potential V(r) =— k/r", where k > 0 and 0 0? a) magnitude of L remains constant _b) magnitude of L decreases with time ©) magnitude of L increases with time _d) the particle no longer move in the same plane Question 2.10 [IIT JAM 2008] [(a) > 1] Aparticle of mass 1kg is moving in a central force field given by Fo = Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 3 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit a) assuming that the particle is moving in a circular orbit with angular momentum 2}-s, find the radius of the orbit, b) Ate = 0, an additional force F, =— 2v, where v is the instantaneous velocity of the particle, is switched on. Show that the magnitude of its angular momentum after a time 1/A 2 second is Js Question 2.11 (3) A particle of mass m is moving under a central force F =~ k/r’. If E and L be energy and angular momentum of the particle and r, and r, be the two turning points. Then for E =~ 3mK°/81. value of r,/r, (7, > r,)is Question 2.12 (4) ‘The potential of a diatomic molecule as a function of the distance r between the atoms is a,» 7 + —ay- the value of the potential at equilibrium separation between ne given by V(r) = the atoms is: 2 og 2 2 a) 4a°/b b) — 2a°/b Q-@/2b d)—a'/4b Question 2.13 [GATE 2022, MSQ] (a,b) A particle of unit mass moves in a potential V(r) =— Ve” . If the angular momentum of the particle is L 5,/V,, then which of the following statements are true? (a) There are two equilibrium points along the radial coordinate (b) There is one stable equilibrium point at r, and one unstable equilibrium point atr, > r, (© There are two stable equilibrium points along the radial coordinate (A) There is only one equilibrium point along the radial coordinate Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 4 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Section 3 | Orbital, Escape speed, Impact parameter Question 3.1 (c) A satellite is moving with a constant speed in circular orbit around the earth. An object of mass ‘m’ is ejected from the satellite such that it just escapes from the gravitational pull of the earth. At the time of ejection, the kinetic energy of the object is. a) 3mv"/2 b) 2mv* mv" d) mv"/2 Question 3.2 (a) What is the minimum energy required to launch a satellite of mass m from the surface of a planet of mass M and radius R in a circular orbit at an altitude of 2R? 5GMm 26GMm GMm 5GMm a) oR ») 3R 9 2R 4d 3R Question 3.3 [JAM GP 2007] (b) The Escape velocity from the earth is v,, For a planet with radius 3 times and density twice that of earth, the escape velocity will be a) v2 b) 3v,/2 2,2 dvi6 Question 3.4 [DU 2019] (c) Consider a rotating spherical planet such that the effective gravitational attraction at the equator is only 75% of that at the pole, If the linear velocity of a point on the equator is v,, what is the escape velocity for a polar particle? a) v2 b)2v, ° v8 d) 4v, Question 3.5 [ISC 2006] (a) A rocket is fired vertically upwards from the earth surface with an initial speed of v. If M is the mass of earth and Ris the radius of earth, how far above the earth's surface will it rise ? 2 2 _ ° we Doe OvPaR 4) v'/mg Question 3.6 (b) A satellite of mass M is in a circular orbit of radius R about the centre of the earth. A meteorite of the same mass falling towards the earth collides with the satellite completely Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 5 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit inelastically. The speeds of the satellite and the meteorite are the same just before the collision. The subsequent motion of the combined body will be a) in the same circular orbit of radius R b) inan elliptical orbit ©) such that it escapes to infinity 4) in a circular orbit of a different radius Question 3.7 [1ISC 2007] (a) A Planet of mass M,, is ina circular orbit around a star of mass M, at a radius R. If the star loses a fraction f of its mass in a sudden explosion then what is the minimum fraction of mass that it must lose for the planet to escape to infinity? af =1/2 b)f = 1/4 Of =M,/M, af =M/M, Question 3.8 [TIFR 2010] (c) A small meteor approached the Earth. When it is ata large distance, it have velocity v,, and impact parameter b. If R, is the radius of the Earth and v, is the escape velocity, the condition for the meteor to strike the Earth is », ab R, 1+( 2 Od (A) the forward direction (B) the backward direction, (©) radially inward towards the Earth's centre (D) radially outward from the Earth's centre as indicated in the figure. : If the satellite wants to increase its speed, while remaining in a circular orbit, and has fuel enough to keep only one thruster rocket in operation, it should fire the rocket marked @a ()B joc (@D Section 4 | Kepler’s Laws _ a Question 4.1 [IIT JAM 2023] (a,b,c) For a particle moving in a general central force field, which of the following statement(s) is/are true? (a) The motion is confined to a plane (b) Kepler's second law is valid (©) The angular momentum is a constant of motion (4) Kepler's third law is valid Question 4.2 [DU 2014] (c) A satellite of mass m is moving round a planet of mass M in a circular orbit of radius R. The time taken for one complete revolution is: a) Linear in R b) Proportional tom"? ©) Proportional to R™” d) Independent of M Question 4.3 [JAM PH 2007] (a) A satellite moves around a planet in a circular orbit ata distance R from its centre. The time period of the revolution of satellite is 7 If the same satellite is taken to an orbit of radius 4R around the same planet the time period would be a) 8T b)4T 1/4 d) 7/8 Question 4.4 [JAM GP 2005] (c) A satellite is moving around earth in a circular orbit of radius R. The total time period T of the satellite is Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 7 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit a) Proportional to R b) Proportional to R” ) Proportional to R”” d) Independent of R Question 4.5 [JAM GP 2011] (4) Kepler’s second law of motion states that the rate dS/dt, at which the area (S) is swept out by the line from the sun to the planet of mass m is constant and its value in terms of the angular momentum L of the planet is given by a) L/m b) L’/2m ©) 2L/m d) L/2m Question 4.6 [CUET] (b) A tiny planet is moving around the sun in its solar system. The radius of its circular orbit 10° km. It takes T = 10° days to go round once. 7 is called the period of the planet. If the radius of the circular orbit of the planet is 10° km, its period will be (a) 1000 days (b) 31.6 days (© 3.16 days (A) 100 days Question 4.7 [CUET 2022] (a) Asatellite is revolving round the Earth at a height of 3600 km. Then, the time period of the satellite is (Assume, Radius of Earth = 6400 km, Mass of Earth = 6 x 10” kg) (1) 2.77 hours (2) 1.77 hours (3) 1.61 hours (4) 16.1 hours Question 4.8 [CUET 2021] (b) Asatellite moves around the earth in a circular orbit of radius R centred at the earth. A second satellite moves in an elliptic orbit of major axis 8 R., with the earth at one of the foci. If the former takes 1 day to complete a revolution, the latter would take (a) 21.6 days (b) 8 days (© 3hours (@) 1.1 hour Question 4.9 [JEST 2013] (a) Uf, in a Kepler potential, the pericentre distance of particle in a parabolic orbit isr, while the radius of the circular orbit with the same angular momentum is r,, then =2 2 a)r,= 2r, 6) 2r, Question 4.10 [IISC 2006] (b) A satellite is placed in a circular orbit about the earth whose radius is 1/100 th the distance between the earth and the moon. If the lunar period around the earth is 28 days, the period of revolution of the satellite is approximately Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 8 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit a) 10min b) 40 Min ) 100 min d) 2.8 min Question 4.11 [JAM PH 2018] (c) There are three planets in circular orbits around a star at distances a, 4a and 9a, respectively. Attime t = ¢,, the star and the three planets are in a straight line. The period of revolution of the closest planet is . How long after ¢, will they again be in a straight line ? a) 8T b)27T )216T d) 512 Question 4.12 [JAM PH 2018] (1.74) A body of mass 1 kg is moving under a central force in an elliptic orbit with semi major axis 1000 m and semi minor axis 100m . The orbital angular momentum of the body is 100 keg ms”. The time period of motion of the body is hours. Question 4.13 [DU 2019] (b) ‘The Sun is approximately 25,000 light years away from the centre of the Milky way and moves around it, in an approximately circular path, in roughly 170 million years. Given that sunlight takes approximately 8 min to reach the Earth. Whatis the ratio of the masses of the galaxy and the Sun? a) 15x 10% b) 15x 10"! 5 x 10" d)5x 10” Question 4.14 [JNU 2016] (4) Ganymede is a moon of the planet Jupiter. It moves ina circular orbit of radius 1.07 million kilometres with a time period of rotation of 7 days. The mass of jupiter, deduced from this information would be nearest to a)5.3 x 10” b) 12x 10" 48x 107 d) 19 x 1077 Question 4.15 [IIT JAM 2015] (a) A satellite moves around the earth in a circular orbit of radius R centred at the earth. A second satellite moves in an elliptic orbit of major axis 8 R, with the earth at one of the foci If the former takes 1 day to complete a revolution, the latter would take a) 21.6 days b) 8 days ©) 3 hours 4) 1.1 hour Question 4.16 [DU 2018] (4) An Earth-like exoplanet orbits around a star having a mass 1/27 times the mass of the sun. This exoplanet completes one revolution around the star in 365 days just like Earth. Assuming that orbits of both Earth as well as this exoplanet are circular, the distance of the exoplanet from the star is a) One-ninth of the earth sun distance b) 3 times the earth sun distance Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 9 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit ©) Same as the earth sun distance 4) One third of the earth distance Question 4.17 JEST 2012] (4) A planet orbits a massive star in a highly elliptical orbit, i.e,, the total orbital energy Eis close to zero. The initial distance of the closest approach is R, . Energy is dissipated through tidal motions until the orbit is circularised with a final radius of R, Assume that orbital angular momentum is conserved during the circularization process. Then = 7 =2 a aR,=R/2 b)R,=R, oR, = \2R, R= 2, Section 5 | Differential equation of orbit Question 5.1 (©) If orbit of particle under the central force is r8 = const, then what is the force law? a) k/r b) k/r? ) k/r* d) k/r Question 5.2 (1/r°) A particle is moving under the central force in an orbit r = kcos®. Find the force law. Question 5.3 JEST 2016] (c) ‘The central force which results in the orbitr = a(1 + cos®) for a particle is proportional to: a)r br’ or? Question 5.4 [(A) > (b), (B) > (a)] 4) None of these ‘The differential equation of orbit for planetary motion have solution of form Tapco (A) Here ais equal to a) L’mk b) L’ /mk OL’ /2mk d) L/2mk (B) Here B is equal to a) V1 + 2EL’/mk* b) V1 + 4EL’/mk* o) V1 + EL’ /mk? a) V1 + 2EL’/mk Question 5.5 [JEST 2022] (a) A particle moving in a central force field centred at r = 0, follows a trajectory given by r =e “* where, (7,8) is the polar coordinate of the particle and a < is a constant. The Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 10 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit magnitude of the force is proportional to @r* wr (or @r Question 5.6 [IIT JAM 2013] The path of a particle of mass m, moving under the influence of a central force, in plane polar oo Ko : , coordinates is given by r = r,e"”, where, and k are positive constants of appropriate dimensions. The angular momentum of the particle is Land its total energy is zero. The potential energy functions V(r), in terms of m, Land kis _ ent Answer: V(r) = 2mr' Question 5.7 [GATE 2020] (d) cle is movi , Ss a , A particle is moving in a central force field given by F =-— r, where r is the unit vector r pointing away from the centre of the field. The potential energy of the particle is given by a)k/r’ b) k/2r? o-kr d)— k/2r° Section 6 | Dynamics under Central Force Question 6.1 [IIT JAM 2015, MSQ] (a,cd) A particle of mass mis moving in xy plane. At any given time ¢, its position vector is given by F(t) = Acoswti + Bsinotj where 4, B and w are constants with A # B. Which of the following statements are true? (a) Orbit of the particle isan ellipse (b) Speed of the particle is constant (c) Atany given time rthe particle experiences a force towards origin (a) The angular momentum of the particle is mwABk Question 6.2 [JAM PH 2017] (4) An object of mass m with non zero angular momentum L is moving under the influence of gravitational force of much larger mass (ignore drag). Which of the following statements is/are correct? a) Ifthe total energy of the system is negative, then the orbit is always circular. b) The motion of the m never occur in two dimensional plane ©) If the total energy of the system is zero, then the orbit is hyperbola, d) Ifthe area of the particle’s bound orbit is S, then its time period is 2mS/L. Question 6.3 (4) Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 11 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit ‘The kinetic energies of a planet in an elliptical orbit about the Sun, at position A, B and C are k,, k,, and k,, respectively. AC is the major axis and SB is perpendicular to AC at the position of the Sun as shown in the figure. Then B ak, >ky>k, DK Shy She Ok, ky > ke, Question 6.4 (c) ‘The velocity at turning point of particle under the central force is equal to a)0 byrr 66 d)rr + 100 Question 6.5 JAM GP 2012] (4) A satellite moves in an elliptical orbit around the earth. The minimum and the maximum distances of the satellite from the surface of the earth are 6.3 x 10° mand 3.63 x 10° m. The ratio of speed of the satellite at apogee to its speed at perigee is a) 03 b) 0.35 06 d)07 Question 6.6 [JAM PH 2019] (25.95) If the diameter of the Earth is increased by 4% without changing the mass, then the length of the day i hours? Question 6.7 [IIT JAM 2022] (a) Aplanet of mass m moves in an elliptical orbit. Its maximum and minimum distances from the Sun arer,, and r,, respectively. Let G denote the universal gravitational constant, and M the mass of the Sun. Assuming M >> m, the angular momentum of the planet with respect to the centre of the Sun is 2GMFF, GMr |e a” a) my |— > b) my [= rar, 20,47) 26Mrr, a) 2m |—— rr, A planet of mass m moves in an orbit around the sun (of Mass M). The nearest and farthest distances from the sun during the motion are a and b, respectively and G is the gravitational constant. The magnitude of the angular momentum around the sun is Question 6.8 [JNU 2011] (c) Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 12 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit a) m/2GM(a + b) b) m2GM(aby”" am iM(a'+b") om ab Question 6.9 [JAM PH 2019] (c) Consider a classical particle subjected to an attractive inverse-square force field. The total nergy of the particle is E and the eccentricity is e, The particle will follow a parabolic orbit if (a) E>O and e=1 (0) E< O and e<1 (© E=Oande=1 (@) E< 0 and e=1 Question 6.10 [IIT JAM 2020] (c) ‘Two planets P, and P, having masses M, and M, revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits, with time periods 7, and T,, respectively. The minimum and maximum distances of planet P, from the Sun are R and 3 respectively, whereas for planet P, these are 2R and 4R, respectively, where 2 is a constant. Assuming M, and M, are much smaller than the mass of Tr, the Sun, the magnitude of =~ is 1 21 3M. ats 3>/am oF watt Question 6.11 [TIFR 2013] (c) ‘Two planets A and B move around the Sun in elliptic orbits with time periods T,, and T,, respectively: If the eccentricity of the orbit of B is € and its distance of closest approach to the Sun is R, then the maximum possible distance between the planets is [Eccentricity of an ellipse € Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 13 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Question 6.12 [IIT JAM 2021] (4) A planet is ina highly eccentric orbit about a star: The distance of its closest approach is 300 times smaller than its farthest distance from the star. If the corresponding speeds are v, and v,, then 1 @> (© 300 (d) 300 Question 6.13 JAM PH 2018] (0.5) A planet's average density is the same as that of the earth butit has only 1/8 th of the mass of the Earth. Ifthe acceleration due to gravity at the surface is g, and g, for the planet and Earth, respectively, then g,/g, is__. Question 6.14 [JAM PH 2018] (b) ‘The moon moves around the earth in a circular orbit with a period of 27 days. The radius of the earth (R) is6.4 x 10° mand the acceleration due to gravity on the earth surface is 9.8 ms” . If Dis the distance of the moon from the centre of the earth, the value of D/R will be a) 59.5 b) 59.6 59.7 4) 59.8 Question 6.15 [IISC 2007] (b) A planet is in an elliptical orbit around a star of mass M. If v is the tangential velocity of the planet, then at the apogee, we have a) v’ = 2GM/R = b) v= 2GM/R <0 ©) — GM/R=0 d) v’ — 2GM/R > 0 Question 6.17 (a) Aplanet orbits in an elliptical path of eccentricity e around a massive star considered fixed at one of the foci. The point in space where it is closest to the star is denoted by P and the point where itis farthest is denoted by A. Let vp and va be the respective speeds at P and A. Then » v 2 2 2 ip _ Ate yp _ dte’ (te) 14! a) bb = 0, 7 1-e > IR (ey? 1-2" Question 6.18 [IIT JAM 2016] (2) Website: www.myorepkit.in or Download the PrepKit app Page 14 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit ‘The maximum and minimum speeds of a comet that orbits the Sun are 80 and 10 km/s respectively. The ratio of the aphelion distance of the comet to the radius of the Earth's orbit is (Assume that Earth Moves in acicular orbit of radius 1.5 x 10° km with a speed of 30 km/s) Question 6.19 [IIT JAM 2022] (0.1) A satellite is revolving around the Earth in a closed orbit. The height of the satellite above Earth's surface at perigee and apogee are 2500 km and 4500 km, respectively. Consider the radius of the Earth to be 6500 km. The eccentricity of the satellite's orbit is___ (Round off to 1 decimal place). Question 6.20 [JEST 2023] (c) A particle of mass 1 kg, angular momentum L = \/2 kg m’/s and total energy E = 3/ is subjected to a central force field F =— kr where k = 2kg/s”. Which of the following statements is true? [Note: The centres of all the circles in the options below are at the origin.] a) The particle is constrained to be in the region outside the circle with radius R b) The particle is bounded within the annular region described by two circles with radii a[7=8 ana ©) The particle is bounded within the annular region described by two circles with radii = 5 and an 5 4d) The particle is constrained to be in the region outside the circle with radius R =~\J—> Question 6.21 [ISC 2008] (c) ‘The Moon is moving away from the earth at the rate of about 4 cm/yr. If E denotes the total orbital energy of the Earth-Moon system and L denotes the orbital angular momentum, then aE soanatt>0 »)E oan =0 a Oisa constant)? a) oy b) yt (01 eee € 0 fon 5 ‘ 4 ° yr a) * Ol aprepkie 0 —T z Question 6.23 [TIFR 2021] (a) A star moves in an orbit under the influence of massive but invisible object with the effective one-dimensional potential v@) where L is the angular momentum of the star. There would be two possible circular orbits of the starif 2 2 2 2 a)L?> 12 byl > 6 OU >3 ai’>9 Question 6.24 [TIFR 2022] (a) , ‘ . 2 j A particle of mass m moves under the action of a central potential V(r) =— e”/r where eis a constant. Two vectors which remain conserved during the motion are a) the angular momentum L =r x p by the Runge-Lenz vector K = p x 1. — me’r (where r = r/r) The conserved energy E of the particle can be written as a met ») me'—K* 9 ami? 4d 2mi? 2mi? 2m Kom! me'—K* Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 16 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Question 6.25 [TIFR 2023] (a) A spherical planet of mass M, radius R and uniform density is rotating anticlockwise about an axis passing through its centre, which, in the figure below, is normal to the plane of the paper. The duration of a ‘day’ on this planetiis 7. A small asteroid of mass m approaches the above planet from far away with a uniform speed v, along a straight line ata perpendicular distance r, from the centre of the planet (see figure). This path gets distorted by the gravitational field of the planet, and the asteroid leaves aa with a final uniform speed v, along a v2 straight line at a perpendicular distance rr, from the centre of the planet. It is observed that after the passage of the asteroid, the length of the day on the planet has changed by oT = sr merry) 4m MR ner) = ee __ a MR 5 mv.r vr) a) 5 M Ian mer, a vind Question 6.26 [TIFR 2022] (a) A spectrographic method to search for exoplanets is by measuring its velocity along the line of sight, using the Doppler shift in the spectrum. If a star of mass M and a planet of mass m are moving around their common centre of mass, this component of velocity will vary periodically with an amplitude. 13 a(t 7 For a particular planet-star system, if the time period is T = (12 + 0.3) years, and A and M are measured with an accuracy of 3% each, then the error in the measurement of the mass m is a) 3.7% b) 8.5% ©) 5.8% d) 6.3% Website: www.myprepkit.in or Download the Prepkit app Page 17 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Section 7 | Gravitational field and force Question 7.1 (¢) Gravitational force is a) Strong Force b) Electromagnetic force c) Conservative force 4) Repulsive force Question 7.2 [CUET 2023] (©) The general form of a central force is represented by F = ——r (C = const) known as 7 Inverse power law. (i) The force represented by above equation will be attractive if C < 0. (ii) The force represented by above equation will be repulsive if C < 0. (iii) The force represented by above equation will be repulsive if C > 0. (iv) The force represented by above equation will be attractive ifC > 0. Choose the correct answer from the options given below. a) (i) and (ii) only b) Gi) and (iii) only ©) @ and (iii) only 4) @ and (iv) only Question 7.3 [DU 2015] (a) An earth satellite is kept moving in its orbit by the centripetal force provided by a) The gravitational attraction of the earth on the satellite b) The rocket engine attached to the satellite c) The gravitational attraction of the sun on the satellite d) The radio waves sent by the ground station to the satellite Question 7.4 (b) If suddenly the gravitational force of attraction between earth and a satellite revolving around it becomes zero, then the satellite will a) continue to move in its orbit with same velocity b) move tangentially to the original orbit with the same velocity ©) become stationary in its orbit d) move towards the earth Question 7.5 [GATE 2021] (a) Consider a spherical galaxy of total mass M and radius R, having a uniform matter distribution, In this idealised situation, the orbital speed v of a star of mass m(m « M) asa Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 18 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit function of the distance r from the galactic centre is best described by (Gis the universal gravitational constant) YA vy, @ fom (>) [om VR VR Question 7.5 [JEST 2013] (a) ‘The free fall time of a test mass on an object of mass M from a height 2R to Ris a) (n/2 + Ap bV oan lay Question 7.7 [ISC 2010] (a) A particle of mass m is located at a distance z along the axis of a uniform disk of mass M and radius R. The gravitational force felt by the mass m is given by 26Mm __ or ae y 2aMm ¢__2 oF Catt) Question 7.8 (b) Four identical particles of mass M are located at the corners of a square of side a. What should be their speed, if each of them revolves under the influence of other's gravitational field in a circular orbit circumscribing the square? a) 1.35GM/a b) 1.16 GM/a )121VGM/a dy 1.41 \GM/a Question 7.9 (b) Website: www.myorepkit.in or Download the PrepKit app Page 19 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit A rocket has to be launched from earth in such a way that it never returns. If E is the minimum energy delivered by the rocket launcher, what should be the minimum energy that the launcher should have, if the same rocket is to be launched from the surface of the moon? Assume that the density of the earth and the moon are equal and that the earth’s volume is 64 times the volume of the moon. a) E/64 b) E/16 o)E/32 d) E/4 Question 7.10 [DU 2017] (©) A tunnel is dug from the surface of the earth through the centre and opens at the other end. A ball is dropped from one end of the tunnel. The acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface is g and the radius of the earth is R. Assuming that the earth has a constant density, the time taken by the ball to reach the centre of the earth is ay wife wena OS Ra RTO Question 7.11 [JNU 2014] (©) The total mass of a spherical star of radius R and uniform density is M. If it explodes into a gas cloud of much lower density, the gravitational potential energy will a) decrease by GM’/5R b) Increase by 26M°/5R c) Increase by 36M’ /5R ) Increase by 4GM°/SR Question 7.12 JEST 2013] (c) A spherical planet of radius R has a uniform density and does not rotate. If the planet is made up of some liquid, the pressure at point r from the centre is 4np'G 2 2, AnpG 2 2, ae -r) bP =r) 2 ) oe «> a ve ry Question 7.13 [JEST 2014] (d) ‘Two point objects A and B have masses 1000 kg and 3000 kg respectively. They are initially at rest with a separation equal to 1m . Their mutual gravitational attraction then draws them together. How far from A’s original position will they collide? a) m/3 b) m/2 ©) 2m/3 d) 3m/4 Question 7.14 JEST 2022] (a) A particle of mass is moving ina circular path of constant radius r such that its centripetal acceleration a, is varying with time t as a, = k’rt” where, k is a constant. The power delivered to the particle by the force acting on it is Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 20 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit ana W2,8 (a) mk’r't (b) 2nmk (© 1/mk’r’t @o Question 7.15 [JNU 2013] (c) Consider the earth as a uniform (density) sphere of total Mass ‘M’ and radius R. A small object slides along a tunnel connecting two points on the surface of the earth and is acted upon by the gravitational force due to the earth. Using the acceleration due to gravity is 9,81 m/s’ and the radius of the earth R = 6.37 x 10°m. The time to slide between the two points is a) 21.1 min b) 84.4: min ©) 42.2 min 4) 63.3 sec Question 7.16 [JNU 2015] (a) A binary star is composed of two stars that orbit around their centre of mass under the influence of gravity. Consider such a system in which the two stars have identical mass. In the centre of mass frame, each star moves in a circular orbit with a speed of 200 km/s. If the orbital period is 15 days, what is the approximate mass of each star (kg)? a) 10” b) 10 10" a) 10" Question 7.17 [JEST 2012] (4) A binary system consists of two stars of equal mass m orbiting each other in a circular orbit under the influence of gravitational forces. The period of the orbit is t. Att = 0, the motion is stopped and the stars are allowed to fall towards each other. After what time t, expressed in terms of t, do they collide? j2=—= 2H, fe a) V2 b) 1/2 o) 1/22 d) t/4/2 Question 7.18 (c) A solid sphere of mass M and radius a is surrounded by a uniform concentric spherical shell of thickness 2a and 2M. The gravitational field at distance 3a from the centre will be a) GM/9a" b) 2GM/9a" OGM/3a" d) 2GM/3a° Question 7.19 (b) An annular ring with inner and outer radii R, and R, is rolling without slipping with a uniform angular speed. The ratio of the forces experienced by the two particles situated on the inner and outer parts of the ring, F,/F, is 2 a) R/R, b)R/R, RR, dt Website: www.myprepkit.in or Download the Prepkit app Page 21 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971029358Central force | Mechanics | IIT JAM | TIFR | JEST Prepkit Question 7.20 [TIFR 2020] (a) Consider two planets P, and P, which can be modelled as uniform spheres of radii R, and R, respectively. and of the same material with the same density and other physical properties. If the maximum possible height of a conical mountain (of the same material) on these planets is denoted by h, and h, respectively (h, << R,, h, << R,), then the ratio h, /h; is 28 jpP/d @R/R, (RIR, CORRE Or ead - 4 >. @>..* ce Website: www.myprepkit in or Download the Prepkit app Page 22 Contact us: contact@myprepkitin Whatsapp: 9971020358