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Nassariidae
The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (USA), or dog whelks
Nassariidae
(UK), are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea
Temporal range:
snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda.

"Dog whelk" also refers to Nucella lapillus.

Shell description
These snails have rounded shells with a high spire, an oval
aperture, and a siphonal notch.

Distribution A live individual of Nassarius fossatus

This family of snails is found worldwide. Scientific classification

Domain: Eukaryota
Habitat Kingdom: Animalia
These snails are found mostly in shallow water, on sandy or Phylum: Mollusca
muddy substrates, often intertidally, but sometimes in deep
water. They can be present in very large numbers in suitable Class: Gastropoda
habitat. Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Feeding habits Superfamily: Buccinoidea
Nassariidae are primarily active and lively scavengers. Family: Nassariidae
Iredale, 1916 (1835)
2005 taxonomy Type genus
The family Nassariidae is closely related to the family of the true Nassarius Dumenil, 1805
whelks, Buccinidae, because of their shared characteristics in
the anatomy of the species in these families,[2][3][4][5]), i.e. a Species
long proboscis, the loss of glandular dorsal folds, and a smaller See text
gland of Leiblein (a dorsal venom gland in the mid-
oesophagus). Synonyms[1]
According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Nassidae Swainson, 1835
Rocroi (2005) the family Nassariidae consists of four
subfamilies:

Nassariinae Iredale, 1916 (1835) - synonyms: Nassinae Swainson, 1835 (inv.); Cyclopsidae
Chenu, 1859 (inv.); Cyclonassinae Gill, 1871; Alectrionidae Dall, 1908; Arculariidae Iredale, 1915

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Bullinae Allmon, 1990 (not recognized by Haitao LI et al., 2010 [6])

Cylleninae L. Bellardi, 1882
Dorsaninae Cossmann, 1901 - synonym: Duplicatinae Muskhelishvili, 1967
Kantor et al. (2022) used molecular data to revise the classification of the Buccinoidea superfamily,
proposing 20 taxa of family rank and 23 subfamilies.[7] This included the description of a new
subfamily of Nassariidae:

Tomliniinae subfam. nov.[7]

2006 taxonomy
Photinae Gray, 1857 was recognized

2017 taxonomy
A new subfamily Anentominae was recognized.

Anentominae Strong, Galindo & Kantor, 2017[8]

Genera
Genera within the family Nassariidae include:[9][10]

Nassariinae

The operculum is ovate, acute and with an apical nucleus; the margin is entire or serrated.

The eyes in some of the genera are near the base of the tentacles, in others near their middle, and are
sometimes wanting.

The aperture of the shell is either truncate, or with a short recurved siphonal canal, and the inner lip is
usually callous and spreading over the body whorl.[11]

Adinassa Horro, Schönherr & Rolán, 2018 (unassigned in a subfamily)

† Buccitriton Conrad, 1865
Caesia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Demoulia Gray, 1838
Ilyanassa Stimpson, 1865
Nassarius Finlay, 1927
Nassodonta H. Adams, 1867
Naytia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Phrontis H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
† Psilarius Woodring, 1964
Reticunassa Iredale, 1936
Tritia Risso, 1826
List of synonyms in Nassariinae:

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Aciculina A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius (Aciculina) A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius
Duméril, 1805
Alectrion Montfort, 1810 : synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Alectryon Melvill, 1918: synonym of Alectrion Montfort, 1810: synonym of Nassarius (Alectrion)
Montfort, 1810: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Allanassa Iredale, 1929: synonym of Nassarius (Allanassa) Iredale, 1929: synonym of Nassarius
Duméril, 1805
Amycla H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Amyclina Iredale, 1918: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Arcularia Link, 1807: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Arculia Jousseaume, 1888: synonym of Arcularia Link, 1807: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Austronassaria C. Laseron & J. Laseron, 1956: synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929:
synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
† Bathynassa Ladd, 1976: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Cencus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
† Chelenassa Shuto, 1969 : synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929: synonym of
Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Cyclonassa Swainson, 1840: synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Cyclops Montfort, 1810 : synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826; synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Desmoulea Gray, 1847: synonym of Demoulia Gray, 1838
Desmoulinsia: synonym of Demoulia Gray, 1838
Eione Risso, 1826: synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929: synonym of Nassarius Duméril,
1805
† Fackia Nordsieck, 1972 : synonym of Nassarius (Gussonea) Monterosato, 1912: synonym of Tritia
Risso, 1826
Glabrinassa Shuto, 1969: synonym of Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of
Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Hebra H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Hima Leach in Gray, 1852: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Hinia Leach, 1847: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
† Mirua Marwick, 1931: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Moulinsia Tournouer, 1874: synonym of Demoulia Gray, 1838
Nana Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Nanina Risso, 1826: synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Nassa Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Nassarius (Sphaeronassa) Locard, 1886 ; Nassa Röding, 1798
belongs to the subfamily Rapaninae in the family Muricidae
Naytiopsis Thiele, 1929: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Neritula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Niotha H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius (Niotha) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853:
synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Pallacera Woodring, 1964: synonym of Nassarius (Pallacera) Woodring, 1964 : synonym ofNassarius
Duméril, 1805
Panormella O. G. Costa, 1840: synonym of Cyclope Risso, 1826: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Parcanassa Iredale, 1936: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826

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Plicarcularia Thiele, 1929: synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929: synonym of Nassarius
Duméril, 1805
Profundinassa Thiele, 1929: synonym of Nassarius (Profundinassa) Thiele, 1929: synonym of
Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Proneritula Thiele, 1929: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Pygmaeonassa Annandale, 1924: synonym of Nassarius (Pygmaeonassa) Annandale, 1924: synonym
of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Reticarcularia Shuto, 1969: synonym of Nassarius (Plicarcularia) Thiele, 1929: synonym of Nassarius
Duméril, 1805
Scabronassa Peile, 1939: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Sphaeronassa Locard, 1886: synonym of Nassarius (Sphaeronassa) Locard, 1886
Streptorhega Bronn, 1856: synonym of Demoulia Gray, 1838
Tarazeuxis Iredale, 1936: synonym of Nassarius (Telasco) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of
Tritia Risso, 1826
Tavaniotha Iredale, 1936: synonym of Nassarius (Niotha) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of
Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Telasco H. & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius (Telasco) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of
Tritia Risso, 1826
Tritonella A. Adams, 1852: synonym of Nassarius (Hima) Leach in Gray, 1852: synonym of Tritia Risso,
1826
Uzita H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Tritia Risso, 1826
Varicinassa Habe, 1946: synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Venassa Martens, 1881: synonym of Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of
Nassarius Duméril, 1805
Zeuxis H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Nassarius (Zeuxis) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853:
synonym of Nassarius Duméril, 1805

Anentominae

Anentome Cossmann, 1901[12]

Clea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855[12]
Oligohalinophila Neiber & Glaubrecht, 2019

Buccinanopsinae Galindo, Puillandre, Lozouet & Bouchet, 2016

Buccinanops d'Orbigny, 1841

Bullinae

Adinus H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853

Bullia Gray, 1833
† Bulliopsis Conrad, 1862
Adinus H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Bullia Gray, 1833
Cereobullia Melvill, 1924: synonym of Bullia Gray, 1833
Leiodomus Swainson, 1840: synonym of Bullia Gray, 1833
Pseudostrombus Mörch, 1852: synonym of Bullia Gray, 1833

Cylleninae

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Cyllene Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834

Neoteron Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932[13]
Radulphus Iredale, 1924: synonym of Cyllene Gray, 1834

Dorsaninae

† Cyllenina Bellardi, 1882

† Desorinassa Nuttall & Cooper, 1973
Dorsanum Gray, 1847
† Keepingia Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973
† Lisbonia Palmer, 1937
† Monoptygma Lea, 1833
† Pseudocominella Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973
† Thanetinassa Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973
† Whitecliffia Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973
† Colwellia Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973 : synonym of † Keepingia Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973
† Desorinassa Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973 : synonym of † Keepingia Nuttall & J. Cooper, 1973
† Duplicata Korobkov, 1955 : synonym of Dorsanum Gray, 1847

Photinae

Antillophos Woodring, 1928[13]

† Coraeophos Makiyama, 1936[13]
† Cymatophos Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941[13]
Engoniophos Woodring, 1928[13]
† Europhos Landau, Harzhauser, Islamoglu & Silva, 2014[13]
† Glyptophos Landau, da Silva & Heitz, 2016[13]
† Judaphos Jung, 1995[13]
Metaphos Olsson, 1964[13]
Northia Gray, 1847[13]
† Philindophos Shuto, 1969[13]
Phos Montfort, 1810[13]
† Rhipophos Woodring, 1964[13]
Strombinophos Pilsbry & Olsson, 1941[13]
† Tritiaria Conrad, 1865[13]

Tomliniinae subfam. nov.[7]

Nassaria Link, 1807

Tomlinia Peile, 1937
Trajana Gardner, 1948
Benthindsia Iredale, 1936: synonym of Nassaria Link, 1807
Hindsia A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Nassaria Link, 1807
Microfusus Dall, 1916: synonym ofNassaria Link, 1807

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Subfamily ?

Adinopsis Odhner, 1923 : ? synonym of Bullia Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834
Adinus H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Ambullina Palmer, 1937

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Soyonassa Okutani, 1964

References
1. Nassa Röding, 1798 (http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=20481
2). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 24 February 2011.
2. (Ponder, 1973
3. The origin and evolution of the Neogastropoda.Malacologia. 1973;12(2):295-338.
4. Systematics of the family Nassariidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda), Bulletin of the Auckland Institute
and Museum, 14, 356 p
5. The molecular phylogeny of the Buccinidae(Caenogastropoda: Neogastropoda) as inferred from
the complete mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene sequences of selected representatives, Molluscan
Research 25 (2), pp. 85-98 (http://www.mapress.com/mr/content/v25/2005f/n2p098.pdf)
6. Li, Haitao; Lin, Duan; Fang, Hongda; Zhu, Aijia; Gao, Yang (2010). "Species identification and
phylogenetic analysis of genus Nassarius (Nassariidae) based on mitochondrial genes" (https://do
i.org/10.1007%2Fs00343-010-9031-4). Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 28 (3):
565–572. Bibcode:2010ChJOL..28..565L (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ChJOL..28..565
L). doi:10.1007/s00343-010-9031-4 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00343-010-9031-4).
S2CID 82834850 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:82834850).
7. Kantor, Yuri I.; Fedosov, Alexander E.; Kosyan, Alisa R.; Puillandre, Nicolas; Sorokin, Pavel A.;
Kano, Yasunori; Clark, Roger; Bouchet, Philippe (2022). "Molecular phylogeny and revised
classification of the Buccinoidea (Neogastropoda)" (https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab031).
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 194 (3): 789–857. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab031 (http
s://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlab031).
8. Strong, E. E., Galindo, L. A., & Kantor, Y. I. (2017). "Quid est Clea helena? Evidence for a
previously unrecognized radiation of assassin snails (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea: Nassariidae)".
PeerJ 5: e3638. doi:10.7717/peerj.3638 (https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.3638).
9. "Nassariidae" (https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value
=74102). Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
10. Powell A W B, New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
11. Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their
organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls (https://www.
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3782650)
12. Bouchet, P. (2017). Anentominae Strong, Galindo & Kantor, 2017. In: MolluscaBase (2017).
Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?
p=taxdetails&id=1027028 on 2017-11-22
13. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2016). Photinae Gray, 1857. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through:
World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?
p=taxdetails&id=225646 on 2017-11-22

External links
Haasl, D.M. (September 2000). "Phylogenetic relationships among nassariid gastropods" (http://jp
aleontol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/74/5/839). Journal of Paleontology. 74 (5): 839–
852. doi:10.1017/s0022336000033047 (https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0022336000033047).
Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States
Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 (https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0642/report.pdf) This

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article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Galindo, L. A.; Puillandre, N.; Utge, J.; Lozouet, P.; Bouchet, P. (2016). The phylogeny and
systematics of the Nassariidae revisited (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and
Evolution. 99: 337-353 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.019)

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