Turn Illness into

a Weapon
for agitation by the Socialist Patients' Collective
at the University of Heidelberg

With a preface
by Jean-Paul Sartre

KRRIM - self-publisher for illness

PROGRAM OF AGITATION - FOR CONSUMPTION ONLY
OR MEANS OF PRODUCTION?

This t e x t, i f it s h o u l d r e s u l t i n being completely u n d igestible

n o t able to b e c o n sumed, th e n the cons e q u e n c e o f this ex ­
peri e n c e c an only e x i s t in n e g a t i n g it ( n egieren ! ) , which means
to a b o l i s h i t i n to pra c ti c e d i a l e c t i c a l ly (ihn i n d e r
P r a x is dialektisch a u fh e be n ). This text i t se l f is the
a b o l i t i o n ( N egati on ) re p r e s e n ti n g the practi sin g of th e SPK.

IZRU ( I n fo rm a t i o n C e n tre of R e d P e o pl e ' s Un i v ersity: in German:

I n formati o n szen trum R o te Volksuniversit.at. which is a
s o c i a l i s t self-organizati on u n d e r the concept of illness)

THIS TEXT IS BUT A BEGINNING

SPK - Turn Illness into a Weapon

for agitation by the Socialist Patients' Collective
at the University of Heidelberg
With a preface by Jean-Paul Sartre
Translation of this book from German into English by Huber (SPK/PF)
1st edition in English 1993 (v th unaltered German edition 1987)
ISBN 3-926491-17-5

C all rights (authenticity, edition, foundership, but not establishment) Huber WD, Dr.med.

KRRIM - self-publisher for illness

D-69024 Heidelberg, Postfach 103464

CIP - abbreviate note of the German Library:

Eine Agitationsschr. d. Sozialist. Patientenkollektiv an d. Univ. Heidelberg I mit

Sozialistisches Patientenkollektiv: SPK - Aus der Krankheit eine Waffe machen.

KRRIM - Selbstverlag filr Krankheit, 1987

e. Vorw. von Jean-Paul Sartre, V. unverand. Aufl. - Heidelberg:

until the 4th edition by Trtkont. Duisburg

NE: Sartre. Jean-Paul [Vorw.) HST

ISBN: 3-926491-01-9
 III

Contents

PREFACE CONCERNING TRANSLATION.

Huber (SPK/PF) WD, Dr.med . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII

Soziallstisches Patientenkollektiv (SPK)

Patientenfront (PF) - List of Dates . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . XIII

DEAR COMRADES! Jean-Paul Sartre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 1

I MATERIALISTIC EXPLICATION OF THE CONTRA-

DICTIONS IN THE BEGRIFF (CONCEPT) OF ILLNESS . . . . . 9

II THESES AND PRINCIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1 .) 1 1 x illness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.) Th ree startin g - points of practi s i n g SPK . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.) 10 prin c i p l e s i n practi sing SPK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.) Towards a " p e o pl e ' s university "
(zum Begriff Volk suniversitat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.) P e op l e ' s univ ersity SPK
(Das SPK als V o l k s u n i versitat ) . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

III DEVELOPMENT OF SPK-HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6.) The Uni versity1s Psyc h i atric P o l i c l i nic

be i n g a servi c e o f ru l i n g s c i e n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7.) The P o l i cllni c as a serv i c e ,

treating ill pe ople ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .. 27

8.) Organizati on by the patients themselves

(Die S e l bstorgani s i eru n g d er Patienten ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

9.) The Socialist Patients ' C o l l ecti v e . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 33

10. ) The eviction sentence ( RAumun gsurtei l )

a n d t h e Senate ' s Order ( S e n atsbeschlul3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
11.) The e v i ction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
12 . ) The ruling outlaw c o n d i t i o n ( d i e h e rrschende
Rechtlosigk e i t ) and t h e patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. . . . 41
 IV

IV ABOUT THE METHOD OF SPK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

1 3.) Agitation b e i n g t h e im plicati o n o f "th erapeutic " ,

s c i e n ti fi c and p o l i t i c a l work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
1 4.) Lo n e l i n e ss , d e tai l s , " obj e c t i v i ty " , o p i n i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

15.) Dyat i c (p e rs o n a l ) agitation and group agitation

(E i n z e l agitation und Gruppen agi t ati o n ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 55

1 6.) F u n c t i o n s i n SPK , c ommon l y c a l l e d " c ase - w o rk " . . . . . . . 60

17.) A l i e n d e term i n at i o n ( Fremdbestimmun g ) - s c i e n t i fi c

s t u d y w o r k groups ( w i s s e n s ch aftl i c h e Arbeitskrei s e ) 62
18.) Agitation and action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . .... . . . . . 64

V DIALECTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

19.) O bj e c t - subj e c t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
. . . . . . . ... . . . . 67 .

20.) A u fh e b u n g (c a n c e l l ation , l i b erati on , resolv i n g ) of

the obj e c t role by c o l l e c t! v i ty (lm Kollekti v) . . . . . . . . . . 71
2 1 .) Mu l ti - fo c a l e x p a n s i o n i sm - " F o c u s " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
22 .) D i a l e c ti c s of s e x u al i ty ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . 76

VI ILLNESS AND CAPITALISM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 .

23.) I d e n tity o f i l l n e s s and c a p i t a l i s m . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . 83

24.) T h e pro l etariat w h i ch i s a rev o l u t i o n ary
p r o l e t ariat in t h e d e fi n i t i o n of i l l n e s s
(un t e r d e r Bestimm u n g Kra n k h e i t ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

25. ) A b o u t t h e " h ealthy " s o c i al i sts a n d about the

reaction ary d ogmatism of certain " l efti e s " . .. . . ... . . . . . . . 89
26.) T h e c apitalism and its agents b e l o n g to
n ature ' s v i o l e n c e (Das Kapital und seine
S a c h w alter als Naturge w a l t ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. . . . . . . . 95 .

27.) All about p h ys i c i an s , l awyers , u n i versity profess ors ,

h e a l t h system , j u d ic i ary , sci e n c e . . . . .. . 97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28. ) P h y s i c ian ' s way of fu n c t i on a d v o c at i n g c apitalism

a n d h o w to a b o l i s h i t . ... . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . 99
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.) T h e p r e s i d e n t o f th e U n i v ersity o f H e i d e l b erg

as an a d v o c at of c a p italism . . . .. . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
30. ) Th e i n stituti o n s o f c apitalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
 v

31.} A b o ut the pr o ble m of v i ol enc e -

e s c alating of v i o l e n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 1 05
. .

32.) Example pers ecuti o n"m ania" - progres siv e and

reaction ary moments of an i l l n e s s .. . . . . . . .. . ................ 1 08
33.) Aggresslv ity - aggression and d e fen ce . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 112

34. ) B e i n g i d e ntifi e d with capitalism ,

for example " su c ce ss "
(ldentitat mit dem Kapi tal am Beispiel " Er fo l g " ) . . . . . 114
35.) Political identity ............ ........... .. .............................. 118

36 . ) Instead o f a n agitation record . . .. . .. . . . . . . . ... . .. . . ...... . .. . 119

. .

VII DOCUMENTARY CHAPTER . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

37.) About the political economy in the identity of

suicide = murder
( Zur p o l i t i s c h e n Okonomie der Identitat
Selbstmord = Mord ) . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 134 .

38 . ) About the difference between a patients ' self-

organization and democratic centralism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 143

VIII TWO CORRESPONDENCES I TWO COMPARISONS .. . . . . . ... . . 157

39.) Corres p o n d e n c e s I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
. 157

40 . ) Corre s p o n d e n c e s II . . .... . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . 165

. . . . . . . . . . .

N O TES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

The b i b l i o graphy of the WRITINGS OF ILLNESS

(Krlinkschriftenverzeichnis) . . . . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 200
. . .

Comments on the SOCIALIST PATIENTS' COLLECTIVE (SPK)

and on t h e PATIENTS' FRONT (PF) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

THROUGH ILLNESS, STRENGTH - THE PATIENTS' FRONT

(AUS KRANKHEIT STARK PATIENTENFRONT) . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 208

Patientenfr o n t t un e ... . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

 VII

Preface Concerning Translation

Th ere is no nee d to exc u s e or criti c i z e b a d English. N o t u n l i k e

mu sic illn e s s is an in ternational matter of fac t . M usic i s
d erived from l a n guage, but language from i l ln ess. In con nection
with illness w o r d s c a n o n l y be a hint, German w o r d s fo r a
German r e a d e r , E n g l i s h w o r d s for t h e E n glish re a d e r . But i t
s h o u l d n e v erth e l e s s be maintained i n t h e readers m emory quite
c l e arly that i l l n e s s in all parts of th e w orl d i s rej e ct e d by an
in this m a n n e r pro gramed common fe e l i n g for first o f a l l i l l n e s s
a n d a l l w h i c h i s c o n n e c t e d w i t h i t d o e s n ' t s o u n d i n a n y w ay
b e tter fo r German ears than for E n g l i s h o n e s . To practise
illness in a rev ol u ti on ary way i s among all i n t e rpretatio n s t h e
only s u ffi c i e n t o n e .

Neverthel e s s t h i s b o o k h as b e e n tran s l a t e d y e t i n Fren c h , i n

Ital i a n , i n Greek an d oth e r l an g u a g e s a s w e k n o w . An d w e
often h a v e b e e n a s k e d , why n o t in E n g l ish . A s w e k n ow, there
ex i s t e d an d e x i s t s a tran s l a t i o n i n E n gl i s h . But i t n e v e r
appeare d . Th e c a u s e s of t h i s fact c o n s i s t i n t h e p o l i tical
s i t u a t i o n d u r i n g the y e ars o f our b e i n g i n p r i s o n . They are
taken d o w n in a letter t o the e d itors of a new Sartre - e d ition
which will appear i n l 991.

U n l i k e a l l o t h e r tran s l a t i o n s of t h i s b o ok into fo r e i gn
l angu ages, th i s tran s l ation i n t o E n g l i s h i s t h e fi rst o n e , w hich
is g i v e n by auth e n t i c protagoni s t s and a c tiv i s t s and by the
fou n d e r o f the SPK . May be and we h o p e s o, t h i s fact is of
more importan c e for the r e a d e r than the E n g l i s h w o r d s w e u s e ,
a n d e v e n t h e German o n e s, (th e l a t t e r ) whj c h we a d d in
·

b rac kets .

Last n o t l e as t it s h o u l d be mentio n e d that the SPK n ev e r

c e a s e d t o e x i s t . T h e PATIENTENFRONT ( P ati en t s ' Fron t ) o f
n o wa d ays - c o n frontation to a l l med i c al p o w e r (iatro ­
c a p i t al i sm ) , c o n frontation wh i c h h a s n o t h i n g to d o w i th anti ­
psychi atry , c on frontation d e v e l oped from t h e S P K in 1 9 7 0 -has
b e e n p r o c l a i m e d o u t of the G erm an p r i s o n S t ammh elm i n 1973
but n am e l y by t h e SPK and by n o b o d y e l s e a n d repre sen ts the
real begin n i n g of S P K i n 1968 i n s p i t e an d agai n s t s tu d e nt
rebe l l i o n , t h e l atter hav ing a l w ays strugg l e d agai n s t the
p at i e n t s a n d their con tents , fav ouri n g only a b ett e r m e d i c al
tre atm ent w h i c h alms as we k n o w to better p ri s o n s for i l l n e s s ,
b e tter torture a n d tomb s , n o t only fo r pati ents but for
 VIII

everybody, since everyone as a body is a lonel y body, either

with illness to be turned into a weapon of col lective liberation
or of th e whole break-down togeth er with the iatrocapitalist
Sy stem in a chronic way from east to west as we can observe
it since July 1989 (Berlin wall and so on). Beware the Ides of
March which have, no question , not yet gone. West of Rome
th ere exists another Philippi. Wait and see. But turn illness
into a weapon. Now .

18 March 1990, Neunstein

Finally:
There existed in Germany from the early seventies and until
now only the one SOZIALISTISCHES PATIENTENKOLLEKTIV
( Socialist Patients' Collective ) which did, experienced and
worked out only this one kind of events we mention on the
fol lowing pages.

US-American newspaper-reports about madness freedom bands,

music bands, and murderer bands in Post-Hitler's Germany don't
appear on the following pages. Reports like those, about which
some American friends told us recently what they could re­
member, of course never had been up to date. If the r e should
aris e any disappointment. in th e one or in th e other reader who
expected details, favouring SPK up to the range of a Western
story, it can't be our task to beg his pardon. ------

3 August 1991

Soon after its first appearance TURN ILLNESS INTO A WEAPON

became accounted more and more as the most important work of
the SPK. Not without good reason . Neverth eless we believe that
we are dutybound to the readers to advise of two circum­
stances which possibly could put in perspective the reason for
this preference.
ist) While we were on remand in prison and already prejudged
(vorverurteilt), we purposefully and carefully had to select
the final draft of our materials and of our means of ex ­
pressions in order to achieve on the one han d a crack in
the very thickskinned and nevertheless academically
armoured level of understanding of o u r enemies; on the
 IX

other hand it was important to hinder th e still current

inve stigations into the past his tory and into the personal
data of all SPK-patients who were under persecution and
not least the many others who suffered and now were
suddenly more afraid of infection by SPK than of merely
political pers ecution - . Many things, but not by any means
all of th em, th erefore are not to be found in this book, but
they are available in others of our volumes (e.g. 'Ober das
Anfangen'; 'Krankheit - die Ganzhelt mit Zukunft') .
2nd) An important, but not vital complement to this book will
be found in t h e SPK/PF-documentations, above all 'Iatro ­
kratie im Weltma(3stab', 'Macht, Iatrarchie I Krankheit,
Gewalt'. TURN ILLNESS INTO A WEAPON, particularly
'History and future of the patients' self�organization'
could not have b e en written without those core contents.
Why? In those days there were still Old-communists and
when TURN ILLNESS INTO A WEAPON· first appeared it
therefore was the left wing chief-editor Ulrike Meinhof
(RAF) who both within and out of the prison angrily
abused us: "you were always crazy, but now you have
gone completely Insane. No, still worse, you have betrayed
communism. Withdraw that (the book) at once. No worker
could read that, nobody could unders tand it. You are
forbidden to drag the Party into your filth and I never
want to hear the name of Rosa Luxemburg in one of your
filthy mouths, for it was her who wrote: 'truth is simple'.
First learn to read before you write". Huber (very chival­
rously!) withdrew only the Sartre-preface. Although: les s
i s not always more.
It seems that already even then we had come quite close
to th e widely missing diffe rence b etween Party- and
private-capitalism. Truth is not only simple, it is even
simpler: transformation {Veranderung). To learn something
new. Too complicated? - . TURN ILLNESS INTO A WEAPON
is therefore perhaps aft er all one of the most important
books? Sure, but in fact and with space, world-wide, for
fulfillment.

24 August 1 9 9 3

To b e u p to date nowadays means quite other things. The

biggest industry is no longer that which produces weapons,
computers, cars or int erspace crafts . Th e biggest industry from
nowadays ls that which fakes to produce health, that's to say
 x

a thing w h i c h ne v e r h as e x i sted and w h i c h never wlll really

exis t , e x c eptly as a prod uct of ill usion nourishing nazism ln all
its past and coming v ariati ons ( HEILw e s en ) . Capi talism takes
i ts b i ggest gains from this top i n d u stry and the d ay i s not far ,
o n which hal f o f the popul ation i n the Western world everyday
w i l l b e either empl oyed in the h o spitals o r w i l l b e exploited
th ere as d o c t o r - p atients, the other half. Rotating system . For
fu n? Only for its respective p l a n etary governors (for HEA VEN ' s
sake!) or star gov ernors .

The r e a d e r of the fol l o w i n g pages therefore is in no w ay ask e d

to t a k e the expression c l a s s - antagoni sm for nothing but for a
marxist fos si l . Forsooth , Hegel , th e famo u s predecessor of Marx
looked forw ard to a disappearing of the c l ass antagoni sm
b e c a u s e o f the col oni zation, d one by the ri sing bourgeosi e in
the 19th c e n tury. But for a l on g tim e since then, the class
antagonism h a s return e d from there, not to the factori e s ,
governe d b y t h e t r a d e unions and b y the b o s s e s , but to the
hospitals gov erned by the m e d i c al d o ctors, s u bmi tting and
e x p l o i t i n g t h e patient s , pro d u c i n g the i l l u s i onary commod i ty
h e alth altogether in those factories, regard l e ss of all trad e ­
uni onal , regard l e s s o f a l l guerri l l a acti v i ti e s .

M o r e common ly: s p e cifi e d i l l n e s s to create the h uman s p e c i e s o r

m e d i c al s p e c i a l i s ts to d e stroy i t for all times ( d i e Mensch en ­
GATTUNG gegen d e ren Zerst.Orungs - u n d End lOsungsKLASSE ) ,
th a t ' s t h e class antagon i sm of n owadays and th e only real
problem to b e s o lv e d .
O n c e m o re: specifi e d pati ents instead of case-working
speci alists (Pati ent.en mit Gattungsbezug gegen Fach i d i oten
j e d e r Sorte ) .

Those w h o pretend that the class antagoni sm has d i s appeared

l ong ago and that now , all of a s u d d en, t h e human s p e c i e s h as
to be s a v e d ( w h at h as to be s a v e d? A gainst w h o m and against
w h at h as w hat to b e saved?! ) , those l i k e Gorbatschow and
Dutsc h k e as w e l l as Fran c i s Fukuyam a , w h i l e mentioning the
word ' Gattu n g ' ( s p e c i e s ) o ccasi onal l y , d e alt neither w i th the
problem nor w i th the s o l u tion , b u t o l d Hegel perhap s . Remember
th at for Hegel i t i s e x c l u s i v ely ill n ess w h i ch represents species
o n the level of man k i n d and also, n amely di alectically, the
failure of the sp e c i e s It is also quite clear from H e g e l that
.

the risi ng of a human speci es is joi n e d to the how of comm u n i ­

ties w h i l e t h e fail ure of h uman s p e c i e s, suffered by the v ery
person ( d e r je we i l i g e n Einzelperson), is j oine d to the medi cal
system which, h orri b i l e d i ctu , itself i s for all times d amne d to
fai l , up from its origins , for, i n the words of Hegel, spelt in
 XI

my own manner: " K rank h e i t .. . das INDIVIDUUM, s i c h gle ichsam

mit sich selbst beGATTEND", to add: . . . unTEILbar unHEILbar.

Imperialism c o n t i n u es als o to exis t . And how ! And where !

Meanwhile you can forget the geograp h i c al map , associated to
this expression in the books of M arx and Lenin, a n d all about
(Fukuyamatic e n d - of-hi story ) fre e d om and totalitarism,
d i ctators h i p an d democracy .

Take the m e d i c al map and s e e your brain c o l o n ized and

govern e d by n am e s ( an d by the c o rrelated me d i c al meth o ds!)
like Pa r k i ns o n , A l zheimer, Bleuler and so o n , your stomach by
Bil lroth, your n e c k with the thyroid gl and by B a s e d ow, your
mus cles and y o u r (perhaps s o - c al l e d hysteroid) behaviour by
Charc ot and Freu d an d associate what marx ians have taken
down about imperialism - yet far away from a s o - c alled free
market, an imperialism done all around the tran splant banks
now. A n imperi alism d e al i n g w i th the organs of e . g . children
here and now j ust as far away with countri e s and peoples, as
noted in the marxian books.
Durin g the times more remote there e x i sted astro l o gi c al maps i n
w h i ch t h e governors o f y o u r brain t o o k n am e s l i k e m o o n ( l u n a )
or c a n c e r , t h e governors of your m u s c l e s M ars an d s o o n . Thos e
oldy names w h i ch n e v erth e l e s s repre s e n t still e x i sting
pathways an d e x c h ange banks for other d emons and d e vi l s ,
possessin g a n d o b s e s s i n g , interested i n imperiali s m , b u t enemies
of ev ery kind of r e v o l u tion c o n c erning both , namely c o smic and
social matters, for sure ( k osmisc h - soziale Rev o l u ti o n ) .

I n fu ture there w i l l e x i s t more and more groups forme d by

s p e c i al for c e s o f i l l n e s s , d e v e l o p i n g real i n - di v i d u ation ( MFE ) .
A special force o f i l l n e s s i s mania which, if d e v e l o p e d
collectivel y , w orks l i k e a m u s i c al s p e c i e s ( M u s i kgattu ngswesen,
nicht h arml o s ) k i l lin g all d i s c i p l i n e , by tran s c end enc e . The
same about a collective which d e v el o p s its s e lf- c hosen
addictions (Korpersii c h t e ) exerc i s e d b o d y by b ody, for a d d i c ti on
th en i s a deadly w e ap on against d ru gs, w h i l e turning all b o d i e s
t o a w e l l t e m p e r e d s p e c i e s (Warmekorper, w ild ) , thu s b y
imman e n c e . D i d y o u ever d i v i d e a m e l ody, a l o t of w armth , a n
Illness or some other species? Of c ourse n o t , for s u c h
i n d i v i dualities a r e either i n d i v i d u al s or d i v i s i b l e , th u s n o
i n d i v i d u al s .
Perh aps Plato a n d Bergson forgot t o mention i t i n the
completeness, n o w n e c e s s ary to enable t h e doing i t, and Pluto ,
grouping the i mp o n d erab l e i n to w e i gh t, the w eight into
imponderab i lity, t h erefore now is mad at them and resorting to
e arth q u ak e s .
 XII

Make use of your own experiences about illnesses and put

fantasy in t o action.

Th o se th i n gs are meant if th ere is the quest.ion ab out h o w to

be up to d ate . TURN ILLNESS INTO A WEAPON ls the first
glan c e to a fu ture to be done fre e of (EndHisun gs - ) n ames ,
governors , h e alth fac tori es and so on. We call it Ut o path i e
.

Well, that's my introduction, meant as a help, done for nothing,

caring about nothing except for the real existing illness.
Other frontpatients who asked me, also asked me to let it
taken down, just like it is now. Be it so, for joy.
Fbr besides all modesty there is no doubt, that, just in common
for the species in preparation: perhaps for you as well as me,
all quite helpful and therefore good things are also difficult
as rare (omnia praeclara tam difficilia quam rara sunt. Baruch
Benedictus d'Espinoza, 1632-16??)

15 April 1992

H *

* in full resIXJllSibility for the translation in doing, and all achievers

like firstly I.aura Freywertt and Doil Feelhaache are resimsible rnly for
the gcod parts of the translatirn.
 KARIM
Selbstverlag tor Krankhert
Posttach 103464
J>-69024 Heidelberg

SPK/PF Sozialistisches Patientenkollektiv (SPK)

Patientenfront (PF)
List of Dates

At the Psychiatric Hospital of the Uni':'ersity of Heidelberg

since 1964 there was employed a physician and scientist
who took seriously the pretension of university 'to make
s cience for human beings ' as a social task: Dr. Wolfgang
HUBER. Without reservation he devoted all his knowledge,
skills and the material equipment of the University Clinic
to the interests of all the patients who came to him. By
his total commitment to all basic matters he succeeded in
stimulating a situ ati on which in the view of the patients
equalled the abolition of their role as objects to which the
patients had been damned as being conditioned by the
constraints of the System.
Th i s s c i e n c e for t h e i l l p e o p l e e n a bled t h e p a t i e n t s to
counteract the context of exploitation, that means they
were no longer passive guineapigs and animals for slaughter
sacrificed for doctors' careers and profit interests of
research. It was inevitable that the so liberated patients
and their doctor came into collision with the profit
interests and the mechanisms of oppression, as they
actually exist at an university clinic.
It became more ·and more obvious that since 1965 this
Psychiatric Main Clinic had eventually reached rock bottom:
total occupation of beds and rooms was desired and at the
same time there were rejections of patients one after the
other and on a mas sive scale and clearing them off jus t
depending o n the mood of the respective doctor who
accidentally had the power or disposal of them .

1 9 67 - 70 Dr. ijUBER expands his voluntarily undertaken work

in the Policlinic of the Psychiatric University
Clinic well beyond his personal duties .

1968 Development and foundation of the original

Patients' Collective by Dr. HUBER, more outside of
but also and increasing inside his new sphere of
work.
 XIV

Aug . '69 Clinic chief Walter Ritter von BAEYER makes

Dr. HUBER the offer of tak i n g his postdoctoral
l e c turin g qu alifi c ation with him in e x c h ange for
Dr. HUBER ceasing to write pamph lets.
Oct. '69 The new director of th e P oll clinic , D r . H. KRETZ,
dis solves several HUBER the rapy groups.
Dec. '69 After furth er intrigu es ag ain st HUBER and
harassment of his patients by DR. KRETZ, a letter
from the clinic director Prof. von BAEYER:
Dr.HUBER's contract will not be renewed as
originally foreseen (three automatic renewals
already. A ft.er th e promise of postdoctoral lecturi n g
qu alifi cation - see a b o v e - a perman ent contract
had been promised as well automatic acceptance to
the status of permanent civil servant).

Jan. '70 The patients defend themselves by examination of

the circumstances at the Psychiatric Policlinic by
the Patients' Collective by an opinion p oll.

SOZIALISTISCHES PATIENTENKOLLEKTJV
(SOCIALIST PATIENTS' COLLECTIVE)

5. -20.2.70 First general assembly of patients and patients '

congres s i n the clinic.
2 1.02 . 70 Dismissal without notice against Dr. HUBER.
Disbarment against him and the patients from all
rooms in the clinic, inviolable precincts
(Bannmeile).

26. -28.2.70 Dr. HUBER and the Patien ts ' Col l e c tive occupy the
office of the administrative director of the clinical
university institution and begin hungerstrike.
Result: a "compromise". The institutional conditions
for the continued work of the SPK in the rooms of
the university in Rohrbacherstral3e 12 are
guaranteed and regular financial support and free
pres criptions are agreed.

The Socialist Patients' Collective achieves, by its de facto

institutionalization as an independent working group In the
university rooms the recognition of the entire university
under the direction of the rector, the incompetence of the
Medical Faculty for the care of the sick. The medical
profession as a whole was forced to demonstrate their
failure status before the eyes of the world.
 xv

02.03.70 Occupation by the patients at risk of their lives of

the hard-won rooms of the university ln
Roh rb acherstr &Pe 12.

24.03.70 Go-In by 30 S P K-pa tie nts to the rector of the

uni versity about prescription b l o c k ad e , brought
about by the General Medic al Faculty.
25.03.70 Occupation of the omce of Prof. von BAEYER.
The p atients demand blank prescriptions. In stead of
an answer cli n i c c h ief von BAEYER lets loose the
w aitin g police on these p atients . Nametak i n g and
d i s b arm ent from the premis e s .

03.06.70 Th e so c alled students ' parli ament passes a motion

condemning the SPK. Instead of th e SPK i t w ants a
"psy ch oth erape u ti c a d v ice c e n t e r " at th e univers i ty
of Hei d e l b erg.

June 70 First PATIENTS' INFO: SPK tak e s issue w i th the

prohibltion of the SDS (Sozialisti s c h er Deuts cher
Stu denten bun d ) and makes its own position cle ar:
"Let ' s bury th e s ill y h ope for health! . . . There
must be no therapeutic act which has not been
previously clearly and uniquely shown to be a
revolutionary act."

06.-10.7.70 O ccupation by the SPK of the rector's office in the

university.

09.07.70 Decision of the university administrative council to

establish the SPK as an independent institution of
the university.

Ju ly 70 The Medical Faculty tri es to prev ent the

imp l emen t a ti on o f the judicial d e c i s ion. Among
others Prof. HAFNER: I n t h e SPK " th ere is more
sect- or medieval crusader mentality than mod e rn
p sy cMatry " . R e s u l t of th e prop aganda by th e
G e n e r a l Me d i c al Fac ulty: t h e cu l ture m i n i ster of
Baden-Wlirtt.emberg, Prof. Wi l h e l m HAHN an n ou n c e s:
the c ontract b e t w e e n the u n i v ers i ty and the SPK is
"to the h i gh e st de gre e i ll e gal " .

July 70 The three n e utral exp e rts requ e s t e d by the

u nti l u n i v e rs i ty su pp ort th e e stab li sh in g o f t h e SPK
Oc t . 70 as an i n d e pen d ent p art of the u n i versity:
Report from Prof. RICHTER ( u n i v e r s i ty of Gie ssen )
(14.7.70)
Report from Prof. BRUCKNER ( u n i v e rs ity of
 XVI

Hannover) (29.09.70)
Report from Dr. Dieter SPAZIER (05.10.70).

20.07.70 SPK to submit report on its scientific wor k

(required by the university administrative council).

Sept. 70 On the 1.9.70 the Medical F ac u l t y requ i res

colleagues t o take a position o f r ej e c t ion of the
SPK . The me di cal c o l l e agues submit the expected
b iases re po rts :
a) So called "expert" Prof . THOMA (u niversi ty of
Ulm , previously Psych osomati c Cli n i c Hei delberg,
ne ith e r psychiatrist nor even doctor), 09.09.70,
b ) So calJed "expert" Prof. von BAEYER , personally
inv o lved and hostile to SPK, 15.09.70
c ) Private Jetter from so called "expert" Prof. H.J .
BOCHNIK (Frankfurt), 06.10.70.

18.09.70 Decree from the culture minister, Prof. W. HAHN, to

llquidate the SPK.

04.]] .70 First temporary force ab l e evicti on order against

the SPK.

07.11.70 Radio interview with five members of the SPK.

09. 1 1. 70 S i n c e the eviction order was formally directed at

Dr. HUBER alone, Dr. HUBER with the agreement of
the patients leaves the rooms of the SPK.

Four SPK- members try to see culture minister

HAHN at 5 p.m. during hls c on sultati on h o u r i n
ord e r t o request the withdrawal o f his decree of
18.9.70.

In the e v ening rector REND'TORFF calls on the SPK.

The r ector consents before witnesses and in
writing to the minimum conditions of the SPK for
the continuation of the SPK on the un i versity , an
agre ement w h i c h he imme d i ately broke as w i th all
the others .
16.11.70 SPK a ppli e s for a temporary injun ction agai nst the
pogrom propagan d a of th e culture mini ster HAHN
and a civil action (Verwaltungsklage) against the
culture ministry.

19. 11. 70 SPK teach-in in the pack e d lecture hall 13 in the

universi ty ( l 200 peopl e ) .

23.11.70 Called by the d e cision of SPK Dr. HUBER comes

again to the rooms in the Rohrbacherstra.pe.
 XVII

2 4 . 1 1.7 0 Secret meeting of the S en ate

The Medical Faculty applies to break the
connection between the SPK an d the unjversity.
Decision of the senate, "that the SPK can be no
official part of the university within or without".

09.12.70 Eviction order against the SPK.

2 4 . 03 . 7 1 PA TIENTS' INFO Nr. 33: It concerns telephoned

death threats against W o l fg ang HUBER.

1 6 . 4 . - 5.5 . 71 PATIENTS' INFO Nr. 2 5 - 3 6 ... Suicide equals

murder I starvation equals murder. Concerning w h at
t h e press d e s crib e s as a so c alle d " sui"C"i d e of an
SPK - p at i e nt. on 8 . 4 . 71 .

1 3 . 05. 71 T h e SPK's appeal against th e eviction ord er is

d i s m i ss e d by th e Landgericht H e i d e l b er g .
18 . - 2 0 . 6 .7 1 SPK action a t the Working Congress o f the
Evangelical Academy in Arnoldshain: th e Congress
members pass a resolution for t h e c o n tin u ation of
the SPK .
2 4 . 0 6 . 71 U n d e r pretext D r . HUBE R ' s h o u s e is s e arch e d .
D u ring a m a s s s e arch operati on on 2 5 . /2 6 . 6 . 7 1
eight SPK-members are arre s t e d ille gall y .

D r . Wolfgang HUBER and two fu rth er SPK - m embers

remain i l l e g ally in c u stod y . HUBER is re lease d one
d ay lat.er with out any c o n d ition s .
Th e other two a re ( u n s u ccessful l y!) blackm a i l e d to
give inform ations against. him .
2 6 . +2 8 . 6 . 71 Two SPK agit ati o n al events a n d there after
agitation and chorusing slogans in front of the
jail. HUBER present .
Le aflet 'fURN ILLNESS INTO A WEAPON.
2 7 . 0 6 . 71 Press release from Dr. HUBER's lawyer.
The same d ay the n e w spaper TAGEBLATT wrote : " ...
state prose cutor fo l l o w i n g i n v e stigations , denied
yesterd ay th at there w a s any co nt act between SPK
and the B A A D E R -MEIN H O F - GROUP " .

30 .06 . 71 PATIENTS' INFO n r . 47 ; - GORILLAS IN HEIDELBERG

" ... we d e m a n d 500 weapons licences for patients
so th at they can d efen d the1r often demanded ri ght
to s elf- d e fen c e , against the outbreak o f
u nrestri cted p o l i c e terror, by t h e s e m e an s " .
Note: T o d a y , 22 y e ars later, patients described as
" cripp l e s " are requested hypocritic ally by the press
 XVIII

and officials of inte rest groups to d e fe n d

th emselves with weapons, after m any m o r e pati ents
th rough racist v i olence (HEILs gew alt) (so c a l l e d
N a z i s } have come to th eir d e ath and this c an n o
l o n ge r be h u s h e d u p.
0 2 . 07 . 71 Pati e n t s ' Info ak tuell - TO THE PEOPLE
Co nc e rni n g v i o l e nt e n d i n g o f the agitation in front
of " Fauler P e l z " (pris on} by poli c e b atons on
1.7 . 71.

TAGEBLATT: Th e SPK has brou ght a criminal action

against the chief editor of the RNZ l o c al newspaper
c o nc ern ing inc i te m e nt to h atre d .
04.07 . 71 PATI ENTS' INFO nr. 50 - Victory in the p e ople ' s
w a r h ere!
0 5 . 07.71 SPK agit atio nal eve nt
A st u d en ts ' d emon stration fo r the S P K takes place
in New York.

12 . 0 7 . 7 1 PATIENTS INFO nr . 5 1 - Dial e ctic s of I llne s s and

Jail: Total refu sal of s p e aking to and ac ti n g with
ev ery ki n d of authorities .
13. 07.71 Self dissolution of the SPK for the protection of
the patients ( s tr ategical wit hdraw al ).
16 . 07 . 7 1 Foundat1on of the InformationsZentrum Rote
VolksUniversitat (Information Center of the Red
People's University) - IZRU -
P l anning a n d organization: HUBER WD .
1 9 . - 20 . 7 . 71 New arrest warrants against 11 SPK p a tient s .

07 . 1 1.72 Beginning o f the trials against Drs. Wolfgang and

Urse! HUBER and others.

07 . 1 1 . 72 Teach-In on the SPK trials with, am ong oth e rs ,

Prof. BRUCKNER.
Nov. 72 I n q u e s t ( En q u et e) of E u r o p e an patients on a
m eeting in Heidelberg or ganize d by the IZRU of th e
International In forma t i on Group for
Counterinvestlgations into the SPK tria l , supported,
among others, by Jean-Paul SARTRE.

1 9 . 12.7 2 Dr. Wolfgang HUBER and Dr. Urs e l HUBER are each
sentenced to four a nd a h a l f y e ars in prison . This
w a s not the only sentence against SPK members .
SPK/PF: "State and gov ernment through numerous
court decisions and c o u rt r ec o r d s have honoured
 XIX

our fi n d i ngs with, all together, 22 years pri s o n in

p arti c ular o n a c c o u nt of o u r fi nd i n gs, th at
revol u tion is therapy and therapy i s revolution
a n d it can b e n o other w ay."
The SPK itself w a s nev er senten c e d , let alone
b an n e d
.

An d wh at h a s become of the persecutors of the SPK? Not

o n e of them without a s h attered career and many of them ,

in the meant i m e , are dead . Curi o u s? N o , i n ev itab l e an d

gen erali zabl e (verallgemeinerbar).

SPK I PATIENTENFRONT UNDER CONDITIONS OF IMPRISONMENT

The c ontinuit i ty of SPK/PF-HUBE R in the fol lowing years
1971-1976 c o n t i n u e d in prison. Subsequently it was
distributed at all l ev e l s and in all conti n e n ts.

1973 PATIENTENFRONT as continuity of SPK and return

to the roots of the SPK, proclaimed by HUBER
(SPK/PF) WD, Dr.med. in solitary confinement.

6.11. 75 Beginning of the unconditional and unlimited

hungerstrlke by Dr. Wolfgang HUBER a n d Dr. Ursel
HUBER.

1 2. 1 1 . 75 Beginning of the forced feeding torture against D r .

HUBER: 82 times in 71 days .
25.-28.11.752000 participants in the Psychoanalytical Congre s s
"SexuaHty and Politics" i n Milan decide o n a cal]
for the immediate release of the hungerstrikers.

13.12.75 Press statement signed among oth ers by Jean-Paul

SARTRE, Simone DE BEAUVOIR, Maitre DE FELICE,
Mouvement d'action judiciaire, Robert CASTEL, Fel ix
GUA TT A RI, David COOPER, F ranco BASAGLIA, Mony
ELKAI M, Roger GENTIS, Jean-Claude POLACK, Michel
FOUCAULT and 74 signatures from members o f the
RESEAU INTERNATIONAL.

20/21.1. 76 Release of Drs. Wolfgang and Ursel HUBER .

Re m aining is th e withdrawal for lif e of their
lic enc e s to practice (Approb ations entzug auf
Leb enszeit). This is not l east because D rs .

Wolfgang and Ursel HUBER through the SPK and t h e

PATIENTENFRONT have in t h eor etical as well as in
practical sense withdrawn the right of existence of
doctors . T h ey refus e now as th en to have a licence
in common with doctors like the Auschwitz­
MENGELEs and the T4-patients-euthanasia-HEYDEs.
 xx

The list of dates ls interrupted at this point.

Instead of presenting the large number of PF -events singly
ln the following years we continue here with an orientation
overview.

PATIENTENFRONT ( 1 976 - 1 993 rt)

With the a s s ault Of the PATIENTENFRONT against the
Intern ational C o n gress of Psychi atry ( P ari s , Febru ary ' 76)
HUBER WD after 4 1/2 years s o litary c onfin ement and 2 1/2
months of hungerstrik e imme d i ately reappe ars to oppose the
d o c tors also outsi d e of prison .

Sin c e 1976 the PATIENTENFRONT h as c ontin u e d to apply

i l l n e s s as a w e a p o n of c o l l e ctiv e l iberation in a widest
v ariety of fi e l d s: e v eryday l i fe , phil osophy, agri cul ture ,
religion , law , mus i c , history , so c alled occul tism .
To arti c u l ate i ll n e s s (Kran kh eitsbegriff) , th rough il lness to
reach the basic essentials of e v e ry th i n g CDiap athl k), to
br i n g illness to b e ar on every o n e and ev erything
( P athopraktlk), over all and at every time, each there
where he is a n d th at, si n c e the b e ginnin g , by n ow over 25
ye ars ago .

External commentari es:

The c u l tural and po litical n e w s p aper INV ARIANTI ( Rome) has
on the o c c asion of a pub l i cation in Italy of the texts of
the SPK and the PATIENTENFRONT in 1992 in an interview
said the fol l o w i n g:

The genetics of today are the genocide of the third

mll l e n lum .
Long before its time, sinc e the Seventies th rough the SPK
and the PF
this war has been decid ed in fav our of illness.
No one else h a s advan c e d th e rev o l u tion ary process
in fact - unc ompromising front against all doctors -
and in writing - writing about ill n e s s in terms of illn e s s
(Kril.nks chriften ) .
 XXI

A part of th e PATIENTENFRONT at
present runs KRANKHEIT IM RECHT
( s i n c e 23.8. 1985) in D-68 16 1
Mannheim, U 5,18 . T e l e p h o n e
0621/25366. Offi c e h ours dally
from 9 a.m. till 6 p . m . At other times
by tel e p h o n e answerin g machin e . No
self- h e l p group , n o p atl�nt prote ction
grou p , n o refu g e (kein Wegl aufh aus).
n o euthanasia help (kelne Sterb e h llfe ) .
n o master h uman right circle (keln
Herrenm e n s c h enrechtsv erein ) . but: th e
only pro-1l l n e s s organization .
What d o e s t h i s mean in a work - te c h n i'Cal v iew?

From outside: Hurray , c ame off t h e tablets and syri n g e s . Comin g out of
h o s p i tal tomorrow. The w oman d o ctor: " A gainst your SPK- Huber
th ere i s n o m e d i c in e . " May I then come at o n c e , d o you write
me something to be presented? Am i n a h urry. I He is d o p e d
w ith p s y c h o p h arm aca a n d ls stan d i n g upon th e ra111ng of my
balcony. It's too mu c h for m e . Come and h e l p , for h e av e n ' s
s ak e! I T h e fl at i s l o s t . A m l i v i n g i n th e forest s i n c e
yesterd ay. I c an ' t go to the auth ority p e r s o n a l l y . They ' l l l o c k
me u p oth e rw i s e. I If I m ay n o t s e e my littl e g i r l , I'll k l l l t h em
all. I In t h e h o s p ital they w anted to tak e off my l e g . I
stru ggled a n d I l e ft. T h e infl ammati on n o w ls als o gon e . Ho w do
I write my c a n c ellation? I ... ... .. .

To the extern:
- 14 . 0 0 0 agitati o n s , hereby d e ath a v erte d , jai l , c l i n i c and d aily
c atastro p h e s t h e s am e. A l l areas of l i fe are t h ere i n v ol v e d ,
b e c a u s e all o f t h e m d e a l w i t h i l l n e s s ( economic are as, those
of s o c i ety, political on e s , i d e ologlc o n e s . .. ) A l l l i fe ages are
c o n c e rn e d , to add t h o s e b e fore b e i n g born and al s o those
a fter having died, th u s questions about h ow to plan
d e s c e n d a n c e and also to write funeral orati o n s .
- N e arly h al f a d ozen l awyers and jurists h a v e b e e n proved by
th i s w ork , not to mention the about hundred l awyers and
d e fe n c e lawyers w h o prefered stopping th eir w o rk with u s
i mm e diately after or e v e n b e fore the fi rst b e ginnings .
- 7 0 0 c ri m i n al c h arges and p r o c e s s e s agai n s t th e m e d i c a l p ower
ln all areas and from the low l evel o f the fi rst prosecutor
u p to th e top of the highest court, m ak i n g use of the
nati o n al c o u rts as w e l l a s of t h e international o n e s . All
t h e s e proceed i n g s were j oi n t to all avail able an d s u i table
institutions from t h e l o w l e v e l of c ommu n i t i e s u p to the
 XXII

world o rganizati ons [e . g . European Community of States (EC) ,

Unit ed Nati o n s O rganization {UNO), Worl d Coun c i l of Churches
(Weltkirch enrat ) ).

- 50 assaults rej e c te d , v ery heavy ones among them ( all of the

h ere quoted assaults have been directed against ourselves
while d o ing our w ork and s ome even again our lives
allroun d ) .
- Campaigns and activities in intern ation al congresses .

To the in tern :
Development and i n crease of our skills in e v erybody of us ,
te chniqu e s of anti cipation , tech n i ques of think i n g, bodily
technical skllls . Struc tures of hierarchy and working one
agains t the other were to abolish i n our context even before
their ari s i n g , d ally liberation from the imperativ e s of
repression , abolition of the s eparation o f head and han d ,
abolish i n g also the s e paration of p h antasie s , feelings , w i l l and
thinkin g . E co n omi c al repression from outsi d e h ad collectiv ely to
be overcome i n order to gain and to keep independence from
mon ey and in order to avoid depen d e n c e created by money from
outsid e .
Personnel:
The re are collaborating within KRANKHEIT IM RECHT : some
hundred y ears of form ation and being train ed in practical w ork ,
trade and industry , and of course also our dipl omas and titles
in m e dicin e, n atural and human s c i e n c e s and also in
informatic s , phil o l ogy and pedagogy, 1 7 different professions
al together. For comparison: i n th e u s u al offices of doctors an d
l awyers and also i n c o u r t there only w ork s ome decades
represented by the specl allsts, mod ern slaves just l i k e their
helpers.
Techn ical:
There ex i s t all tools which could be n e c e s s ary for use in our
work, as rooms, vehicl e s , computers with about h u n d red current
p rograms ( p rogramme d by ou rselves). Prin tin g mac hin es:
320 tapes for the computer prin ting machin e have been
consume d , 900.000 photocopies until now cou l d have been d o n e ,
e tc.

Summary:
A whole load of action, some more details of which there have
been taken down in our one-week - av erage action report from
February 19 9 3 as an examp l e .
 XX II I

NB: Wh at n o w ad ay s is KRANKHEIT IM RECHT was the n already

SPK, cas e by c as e (Rechtszug um R e c htszug}. Has t h e SPK not
at that time already " tac tically" p athopractic e d e ach cas e,
often enough from th e outset and in addition? Compar e !
o n w h o s e s i d e w as a n d l s th u s , a t all time s , K.0.-ti sm? N o t
on th e side of SPK/PF i n a n y c as e .

T h e writings o f lllness fro m the SPK a n d t h e PATIENTENFRONT

(and als o tran s l ations i n to th e mostly u s e d foreign languages )
are published b y KRRIM - SelbstVerlag ror Krankhe i t CP.O. Box
1 O 34 64, D-6 9 024 H e i d elberg} -
from t h e original d o cuments of the earliest days up to the
philosophical - systematic e x p o s ition s of HUBE R (SPK/PF} WD,
D r . med. w h i c h w e re worked out in priso n , in ad dition to vari ous
l e c tures at i n ternation al c o n gresses s i n c e 1976. In th e
m e antime there e x i s t alto gether more than fifty publication s ,
p u b l i c ations a n d n o t only t h e few p amph lets t h e l atters w h i c h
Prof. v o n BAEYER o n c e h a d tri e d to suffocate ( s e e abo v e , Aug .

'69} by offering HUBER chan c e s to b e c om e one time a type like

him ( Pre s i d e n t o f World A s s o c i ation of Psychiatry an d mllltary
psychi atrist and w h at e l s e } . N o t to mention the administrativ e
director of t h e clin i c al u n i versity i n s titution w h o , some days
b e fore the s tart of SPK, had offe.r ed HUBER, offi c ial ly but
secretly , s e v e n month s ' sal ari es in order to achie v e that HUBER
should stop his attacks an d l eav e H ei d e l b erg as soon as
possible.

Post s c ript ( HUBER):

Up to n o w I have n o t read o n e s ingle word of t h e judi cial or
m e d i cal senten c e s against me. What I got there about m ainly
from l e ft w i n g but als o from other p u b l l cations doesn ' t deal at
any rate ab out illness as it w as my doing an d my thinking
from all of the beginning of th e here me ntioned contexts. Thus:
n o concern to lll n e s s , bullshit.
I experie n c e d from those publishers for example that w e w ere
sentenced becau s e of " gezieltes revoluti onAres Han deln " ( nota
benis sime ! } . As you can s e e in this formul a th ere lacks
completely t h e w o rd lllness, both as bas i c matter and as the
aim . They sub stituted it by the " v erfassungsmA(31ge Ordnung
d e r Bundesrepubllk " , th e latter w h i c h also l acks the w ord
1lln e s s . Thus: n o c o n c ern to lll n es s , bul l shit.
I al so remember from those publications, t h at I now w as, told
 XX I V

i n m y o w n w o rd s , a chief gangster, a manager of explosives

and a fal slfic ator of passports . Right or wrong and besides of
all modesty to be expected I until n o w confess that I e very
time d i d all I c o u l d to forward and to protect illness and all
w h at there was in volved c o l l e ctively and by m atte r . But the
named terms from which I myself l i k e to make u s e if there ls
o c casion to d o a l s o l ack any hint to 1 l l n e s s . Thus: no concern
to illn e s s , b u l l s h i t .

Of course t h e r e a r o s e from i l l n e s s our crime gueril l a - a n d even

our magi c sex w orkshops ( Arbeitskreis e ilber Stadtguer1lla,
S e x u alitlit, etc . ) , revolution ary ones, because not at all
therapeuti c , not at all m e dically recommendable , not mention
the hygienic vi e w . But it seems that those publishers while
writi n g about u s m ostly were p r ac t i c a t lng spirit- and dope
work s h o p s , arising from what is medically l i c enced and even
recommen d e d . And because there was a tremen d o u s l ack of dope
and spirits in SPK, because those things didn't fi t at all to our
Krankheitsbegriff, s e x & crime as linked to lllness sin ce
n o w a d ay s yet remain to be without concern to illness , remain
to be bullshit.

It is true that e v e n the US army and the NATO - German army

o f c o u rse had sent representatives t o the c rises staffs when
the persecutional i n v e stigati ons h ad starte d . Attracted by
illness as i t was i n the ph ototechnical w orkshop or by other
feti shes , more famillar to them than Ulness? In deeds s c arcely
( w ohl k a um ! ) . For th ey with drew as soon as possibl e , as I
remember from the notes of some of the afore - mentioned
publishers . Thu s : n o con cern to illn ess , bullshit, regarding
lllness and regard i n g all our d o ings and thinkings about it up
to n o w adays .
 1

DEAR COMRADES !

w i th m o s t gre at i n t e r e s t I h a v e read your book . I fo u n d i n

y o u r book not only the sole possibility to radicalize anti ­
psychi atry but also a consistent prac tice * , with the aim of
abolish i n g ( au fzu h e b e n ) the "therapeutic meth o d s " of mental
· illness which are altogether only s o - c al l e d ones .

On the w h ol e it seems th a t you h a v e su bsumed what M arx

called alienation and w h at i s made common property i n a
capitalist society, under illness and i ts very concept ( Begriff) .
This i s well d on e . In 1 8 45 Engels wrote in " A bout the Situ ation
of the Working Class i n Engl a n d " ( Z u r L age der arbeitenden
Klasse i n England ) th at b y m e an s o f capital i s t i n d u stri alization
th ere has been created a worl d , "in which only that species of
mankind i s able t o fe e l at home, w h ich i s dehumanize d ,
d e grad ed - b o t h i n t h e intellectual a s in t h e m oral sense -
s u n k en d own and humili ated to the level of a beast,
somati calJy ill (physisch morbi d ) . "

A s the atomizing violences systemati c ally and p ermanently are

crippling one class o f human beings to su b-h uman s (Unter­
mensch en ) - this both externally and i n ternally - w e all can
s e e and u n d erstan d that the s am ple i n totality of these human
beings Engels i s referri ng to has been struck by this illness
which can b e c o n c e i v e d as o n e great damage which i s inflicted
at o n c e on those who are d e p e n d i n g on w ages ( Lo h n abh anglgen)
and as rebellion of l i fe against this d amage , w h i c h had reduced
them to th e state of mere obj e cts . The s o c i al relations h aving
changed sin c e 1 8 45 profo u n d l y , alienation ( E n tfremdung) i s
persisting u p to n o w . A n d it w i l l r e m a i n s o , as l o n g as t h e
capitalist System d o e s , for this alienation i s , as you ex press i t ,
"prerequisite and resu l t " ( Vorau s s etzu n g u n d R e s u l t. a t ) of t h e
e co n om i c produ c ti o n . Illness is - as you say - th e only w ay
( Form ) of life in capital ism . It is tru e that the psychi atri st
who is a wage-d ependent ( Lohnabhti.nglger) , is - as everybody
and w e ourselves are - an i l l man . But it is only to him that
the rul i n g cl a ss offers the power to " h e a l " ( " h e l l en " ) or to
intern (zu heilen o d e r einzuweisen ) . " Curin g " ( " Heilun g " ) , that
goes without saying, i n the ruling System can n e v e r mean
abol ishing ( A bsch affu n g ) illness ; it ( " curing" , "h e al i n g " )
e x c l u si v ely serves to restore your fi tness to w ork (Arbeits ­
fAhigkeit) w h i l e you continu e being 111 . Therefore there exist in

* All u n d erl i n e s w ere made by Sartre himself, see the

facsimi l e , p. 5 - 7 .
 2

our society persons w h o are on the one h a n d either cured or

h e althy (two c ategories o f persons bei n g u n c o n s c i o u s ly i l l , t h e
fi r s t o n e l s g o o d for the d octors to fu lfi l , to prov e , t o
demon strate and to " establ i s h " the si gns of production and the
second p art al s o cann ot but affirm those signs - see also
slgniflant and signifl e or Signifikant and Slgnifi k at by Lacan
and others ) and on the other hand those who are the i l l
persons being registered ( anerkannten Kranken ) , t h o s e w h o are
inabled by an u n almed revolt ( u n gezi el te Revolte) to produ c e
w age - w ork (Lohn arbeit zu l e i sten ) an d who therefore are d e ­
livered to t h e psych i atri s t . This p o l i c eman a t fi rst casts th em
out of l aw refusing them the most elementary rights . Of course
h e is the accomp l i c e o f the atomizing violences (der atomi sie ­
ren d e n Gewalten ) : he p i c k s up i n d i v i d u al cases i n an i s o l ating
manner, so as i f psy c h o s omatic disturbances i n a c e rtain person
would b e this person ' s own lack and personal misfortun e . Then
h e mak e s a sample out of those patients w h o seem to him to
look l i k e each oth e r , b e it in only one s i n g l e man n e r , brought
u p by him from a phenomenon t o a speclfi ty i n d i agnostics and
now h e continues studying their d ifferent behaviours, h a v i n g
correl ated all the effe cts here n amed s o t h a t t h e y b e c o m e a
summ ary consisting in itself ( e n semb l e , entity) ( 1 ) and fi nally
; : « pro d u c t , created by t h e d o c t o r ' s skill i t s elf, i s treated by
• 1 as the i l l n esses as such after having su bmitted them to a

c l a:.;sifi c ation befo r e . The i l l person as s u c h the refore l s

atom ized a n d thrown back into a special c ategory ( s c h i z o ­
phren i a , p aran o i a etc . ) , a c ategory i n w h i c h also oth er i l l
persons a r e situated w h o can be nev erth eless i n n o w ay s o ­
c i ally related to him for everyo n e of t h e s e pers o n s h a s to b e
regard e d by the psychiatri sts as i d entical specimen ( i d e n t i s c h e
Exernplare ) of one and the s a m e psychoneuros i s . Y o u , in c o n ­
trary to thi s , h ave establ i s h e d to a i m at the fol lowing e n d : the
basic cause which i s a c o l l e ctive one l o o k i n g d o w n to th e m u l ­
tipli c i ty of phenom e n a - : "men tal d i s e a s e " is i n d i s s ol u bly tied
to th e capitalist System which tu rns w ork i n g power (labour
force ) t o a commodity ( i n e i n e Ware verwan delt) and i n con ­
sequ e n c e of th i s turns wage - slaves ( Lo h n abh angl ge ) into
( fi x e d ) things ( reifi c ati on , o bj e ctifi c ation , Verdi n gl i c h u n g ) . It is
quite c l e a r for you that isolating d i s eased pers o n s i s noth i n g
b u t a perpetuation of t h e atomizati on a n d th e i s o l ati on w h i c h
i s c a u s e d a n d d e termined b y th e rel ations of production ( Pro ­
duktlonsverh altn i s s e n ) and it i s al so quite c l ear to you that in
th e s ame measure in which patients i n their revolt put th e
question to establish another s o c i ety , in a manner w h i c h i s n o t
yet c l e a r e n o u gh , there emerges the n e c e s s i ty to form a
comm u n i ty , to agitate e a c h other, briefl y , they have to create
a s o c i al i s t c o l lecti v e .
 3

A n d because the " psychiatri s t " is a sick man himself you

refu s e to take a sick one and the physi cian as two d i fferent
persons w h o were by n ature d i fferen t i n d i v i d u al s : for i n d e e d
and i n consequence of th i s differentiation it has b e e n always
the " p sychi atri s t " himself and he alone to become the only
si gn i fi e r (Sinn geber, Deuter , Bed euter u n d - l ast n o t least: -
Bedeuten der) , mean w h i l e the pati e n t in d i s e a s e , outl awed and
i s ol ated i s turn ed into the only sign i fi e d one (Signifikat =
i n d i fferentes Din g , w i l l kllrlic h belegbar, funktlonalisi erbar durch
und mlt Bedeutungen , Zweck und A b s i c h t der signifiziere n d e n
Person , n limlich des A rzte s , bzw . Psychi aters . Nliheres b e i
Lac a n , Seminari en ) , th e p a t i e n t b e i n g th en n o thing but a t h i n g .
I n your view , quite on the contrary , the rel ation between
physi c i an and patient i s a di alectic unit ( d i alektische Ei nheit)
to b e fo und (rooted ) i n ev erybod y ; o n c e the patients have
formed a group-c o n n e ction , there is, in th e i nner of th i s
d i alectic relati on , r e l ated to the respecti v e circumstan c e s
respectively at t i m e s the o n e , at o t h e r times th e o t h e r movens
(Moment) the d etermin i n g one an d that i n th e m e asure , i n
w h i c h th e patients e i t h e r insist i n the reacti o n ary impetus
( Momen t ) o f i l l n e s s , or are becomi n g consciou sly aw are of their
revolt and o f their tru e in terests ( B e d ii rfn i s s e ) which are
suppressed and d e formed by society . Realizing that i l l n e s s ,
b e y o n d the d i fferent phenomen a , is a basic c o n trad i c ti o n i n
everybody ( al l gemeiner Wid erspruch ) and as every in d ivid u al i s
at the s a m e t i m e sign i fi e r and signifi e d , it b e c o m e s necessary
for the patients to form a collecti v e , in order to enable
th emse l v e s to regard each oth e r thus putting I n to l ight and
separati n g on the o n e h an d the reacti on ary impulses (Momente)
( e . g . bourgeois i d e ology) and th e progre s s i v e Impulses on th e
other h a n d ( d emanding a d i fferent = an-other s o c i ety , in which
the most important aim i s mankind but n o t profi t any longer ) .
There can be n o d o u b t , th at c o l l ectives l i k e th o s e n ever can
l ook for any kind o f " h ealing" because c apitalism produces
illness i n ev eryb o d y , a n d because " p sychi atri c healing" only
means r e - i n te grati o n o f sick people into our s o c i e ty , but that
i n stead of this all those collectives have to struggl e to the
aim to bring l ll n e s s to i t s whole evolu tion , that means to bring
i t u p to that point w h ere disease b e c omes a revolution ary
power by means of b e c oming j o i n tly aw are by c o n s c i o u s n e s s .

For me the fl abbergasting impression c o n c erning SPK consists in

that the p atients without i n d i v i d u al d octors ( sans m e d e c i n
indivi duel )
- without an i n d i v i d u ated p o l e of si gni fications - pro d u c e
human relations a n d h e l p one an oth er to get a w a r e of their
situ ati o n , l o o k i n g on e an o th e r into th e i r eyes , which means
 4

that they act as b e i n g s u bj e c t s in t h e s e n s e s i gn i fi e r a n d

s i gnifi e d ; mean w h i l e in all m o d e rn p s y c h i atry , e s peciall y i n t h e
psych o-an alysis the s i c k p e r s o n r e g a r d s n o b o d y , th e d o ctor
s i t. ti n g be h i n d him, o c c u p i e d by making n ot. e s of th e s i c k
person ' s i d eas ( E i n fiil l e ) to r e g i s t e r t h e m , to c ategorize them
just in that manner which the d o c tor t a k e s to be the right o n e
( p o u r enregistrer s e s propos et p o u r J e s grouper c omme i l
l ' enten d } .

This s p atial determi nation of the relation between d o c tor and

patient ( A rzt-Pati en t-Verh altn i s ) turns the patient i n the
situati on o f being n o th i n g but an obj e c t , turn i n g th e latter -
that is the doctor - into an absolute si gnifier, w h o deciph ers
the language o f i l l n e s s by means of h e rmen euti c s , the secret of
which h e alone claims to k n o w .

I ' m glad of h av i n g c ompreh e n d e d the tru e and real progress the

SPK constitute s . A fter having appre ciated your research-w ork
also u n d erstand quite well that this w ork e x p o s e s you to t h e
m o s t evil repressions of c apital i s t s o c i ety , n ot only to t h e
v i o l e n c e of the representativ e s of " c ulture " , but your w o r k also
c a n n o t but u n chain ( u n l e ash , entfesseln ) the v i o l e n c e of
statesmen and poli c emen agai n s t you . You sh all b e forc e d to
use all means o f fig h t , b e cause the imperialists in o u r society
( d i e Herrsc h e n d e n I n unserer Gesel l s c h aft. ) apply themsel v e s to
stop you continuing y o u r practical w o rk , he it merely by
s h abbily bringing u p ch arges o f conspiracy against you . But
n evertheless you shall n o t b e j u d ge d by the me asure of fe abl e ­
min d e d d etenti ons b u t b y t h e measure o f the results , you have
produ c e d .

Jean - Paul Sartre

in April '72
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1811 1110/11 - 11,0 . . . . .

. . •
 9

THIS TEXT IS BUT A BEGINNING . . .

I Materialistic Explication of the

Contradictions in the Begriff (Concept)
of Illness

To resolve a probl em firstly depends on being correctly aware

of lt. It i s i n n o way sufficient to mention only the one or the
other p arti cular side of it, because all depends on including
( Begreife n ) a l l impulses ( M omente ) of the probl e m , all its
impulses in their interacti on . There exists n o other w ay to
make sure that comprehending and resolving of a problem w i l l
b e an i n s e p arable unit (Einheit, i d entity ) . If w e want t o
u n d erstand why a stone d r o p s down to e arth , it ls n o t enough
to fin d out, th at th ere are also other things , which fall to
e arth ; but w h at w e have to d o is to i n c l u d e ( b e greife n ) the
ess ential of the p h enomenon ( of fal l i n g down to e arth ) , which
l s t h e gravitation as a c ommon l a w of matt e r , d etermine d to be
a bit of m as s .

Just a s for i l l n e s s . From t h e origin i t w a s quite c l e ar for u s

that i t is i n s u ffi cient t o l o o k forward to d efi nite physical
causes as a n atural - sc i e n tifi c medicine d o e s . But al so we soon
g o t it quite clear that i t i s also i nsuffi ci ent, to d e al with
social d e termination of i l l n e s s ; that i t is a too simple manner
to make " c apitalism" "responsibl e " for illness and sufferi n g ; and
w e got i t c l e ar that i t is total ly abstract and without any
effect t o assure ( e ac h oth er) only that s o c i ety w ere ill .
Empiric ally we started from only three fact s :

1) There ex i sts the c apitalist soci ety , th ere exists w age ­

work ( l a b o u r , Lohnarb e i t ) a n d capital i s m .
2) There exists illness and th ere exist u n s ati sfied n eeds
and requirements ( B e d iirfn l s s e ) , i . e . the real need an d
t h e suffe ri n g singl e persons ( d i e Einzelnen ) .

3) Th ere exists the c ategory of historicity ( G e s c h l c h t ­

lichkeit ) , the category produ cti on ; or - i n a yet more
common w ay - there exist the c ategories of tim e ,
alterati on ( Verli.n d erun g ) a n d of Becoming ( d e s Werden s ) .
 10

R e d u c i n g i t to a most simple form u l a SPK was during the years

of 1 970/7 1 the greate st. pos sible c o n c retization of the contra­
dictions (Wid erspri1 c h e ) in the idea (Begriff) of illness i n c l u d i n g
its h i gh e s t p o s s i b l e ge n eral izati o n . D i a l e c t i c s cons i s t , l ast n o t
l e a s t , in climbing a h igh s c ale of theoreti c al generalization in
order to resolve con crete problem s ; and at the s ame time theo­
reti c al g e n eralization i s as well prerequisite ( Voraussetzu n g ) as
result of practical w ork . Our begin n i n g c o n s i s ted therefore from
t h e origin i n c ompreh e n d i n g the symptoms as being phenomena
i n the e s s e n c e of i l l n e s s ( 1 a ) .

What i s t h i s b e i n g, t h i s being of i l l n ess ? A c c o r d i n g to Marx the

h i s t o ry o f man k i nd consists in being the h i story of i t s alien a ­
t i o n and in aboli s h i n g ( Au fh e b u n g ) o f t h i s a l i e n ati o n . I l l n e s s i s
n e i t h e r a p a r t n o r merely t h e form o f a l i e n ation, b u t i l l n e s s
i s a l i e n a ti o n , b u t i t i s t h a t i n a subj e c t i v e se n se , a s t h e
somati cally a n d p syc h i c al ly l i v e d n e e d of the s i n g l e persons
( Ein z el n en ) .

We d e t e rmi n e d i l l n e s s as l i fe broken in itself, c ontrad i c tory i n

itself. Thi s , o u r d etermination o f i l l n e s s i s the r e s u l t of
i n v e s t i g at i o n s , h i s torically d o n e , s o as we have done them i n
t h e w o rk i n g m e etings ( Arbeitskre i s e ) i n SPK b y m e a n s o f
d i a l e c t i c materi a l i s m .

In the prima l s o c i e t i e s ( an c i e n t s o c i e ti e s, Urge s e l l s c h aften )

m a n k i n d i s e x p o s e d to t h e forces of n ature , w h i c h they expe ­
r i e n c e as an overw h e l mi n g a n d b l i n d v i o l en c e . In order to
s u rv i v e against those pow ers they h a v e to organize social
c ommun i ti e s ; b u t this m e an s , th at the v i o l e n c e of n ature l s
p e n e trating i n t o the i n n er o f the s o c i a l u n i t, becoming by th at
a s o c i a l p o w e r . S i n c e Herder m a n k i nd i s d e fi n e d by d efecti v e ­
n e s s ( M a n g e l w e s e n ) , w h i l e m o d ern anthropol ogy e x pl a i n s the
b egi n n i n g o f m a n ki n d ' s h i s to ry as an effe c t o f l a c k i n g sureness
by i n s t i n c t (Instinktsicherh e i t , cf. N i e tzsch e), c ommon i n
animal s . This l ack of b e i n g protected by i n s t i n c t thus deter­
m in es mankind i n an antago n i s t i c r e l ati on to n ature ( al s d a s
A n d e r e d e r Natu r ) . If t h e r e s h a l l b e h u m a n h i story at al l , l i fe
as a n atural o n e , as a b i o l o g i c o n e h a s to be brok en .

In " N at i o n a l Econ omy and P h i l o s o ph y " Marx h a s p o i n t e d o u t the

aim o f h i s tory v e ry emph ati cal ly: " C omm u n ism , which i s
p o s i t i v e a b o l i ti on ( p o s i t i v e A u fh e b u n g) of p r i v a t e
p r o p e r t y w h i c h i s h u m a n s e l f - a l i e n a t i o n and
therefore i s t h e real a p p r o p r i a t i o n o f h u m a n
e s s e n c e ( An e i g n u n g d e s m e n s c h l i c h e n Wesens) by and for man ;
there fore i t is an all - i n c l u d i n g , c o n s c i o u s turn back of
 11

man k i n d within all richness of d e v e lopment u n ti l n owadays , a

turn back of man for oneself (filr s i c h ) as a s o c i a l , that
means m an k i n d -m e asured (mensch l i c h e n ) man . This communism
i s as a completed ( v o l l en deter ) n atu ral i sm = human i s m , as a
completed humanism = n atural i s m ; th i s (turn b a c k ) is the
t r u e solution ( A u fl o s u n g ) of the antagonism (Wid erstre i t )
b e t w e e n man a n d n ature and b e t w e e n man and man , th e true
s olution o f the fight ( d e s Streits ) between ex istence and
essence (Exi stenz und Wesen ) , between obj e c ti v ation (Ver­
gegenstan dlichung) and self-affirm ation (Selbstbestatigu n g ) ,
between l i berty and n e c essity (Freiheit u n d Notw e n d i gk e i t ) ,
between single human being an d s p e c i e s (Indivi duum u n d
G attun g) . T h i s i s t h e solved rid dl e of hi story a n d a l s o the
awareness o f this soluti o n . " (2 ).

By developing th e p r o d u c t i v e f o r c e s (Produktivkratte )
by progressing d omin ati on of n ature there were conquered
possibilities and means abl e to assure mankind a life fre e of
n e e d and repre s s i on ; but the a n a r c h i c ( an archisch e n )
capitalist relati o n s of production maintai n e d by violence until
now make it impossible to d evel op progressively those means
fu rther, which are c o n tained i n the h igh level o f th e forc e s o f
production ( Produktivkratt e ) aimin g at l i beration of man with
respect to the c o e rcions of n ature and society.

The lonely o n e * exposed to capitalist society i s confronted

,

wi th soci al v i o l e n c e s which s e em to him as well b l i n d and

primiti v e ( n aturwil c h s i g ) , just as t h e immedi ate coercions o f
n ature (NaturgewaJ ten ) d o . A n d i t i s because o f this that I use
the term n atural violence of capitalism in this book .

In a capital i s t soci ety in which th e forces of production are

developed in a progressing way, w h i l e th e rel ati ons of pro ­
duction in c apitalism are to b e maintain e d there results for the
capitalist soci ety the necessity to create n o n - reproductive
values ( n i c h t - reproduktive Werte zu sch affen ) , the creati n g of
which are not d etermi n e d for repro d u ction but only for d e ­
struction o r social life ( 3 ) . (Weapon ars enals o n the o n e hand ,
wear and tear built into the products ( c ommoditi es ) , into their
value of "use" on the other hand ( e i n gebauter Verschlei(3 i n die
" Gebrauch s " - Gilter and ererseits ) . A simple e x ample can

* Remember: there truly don ' t exist i n-dividuals at al l

until now. To create life-conditions for really
existin g indi v i d u als i s one of the revolution ary
tasks i n d e e d .
 12

illu strate th i s . A s everybody k n o w s c ar i n d u stry i s o n e of the

m o s t p o w e rfu l o n e s . To protect their profits from danger, there
h as t o b e gu aran t e e d smooth m ark e t in g I n order to prevent
.

d e m a n d b e c om i n g slack a part of techn i c al inte l l igence h a s to

be occupied with produ c i n g comm o d i t i e s i n su c h a m a n n e r that
the products w e ar o u t as q u i ck ly as p o s s i b l e (mi.igl i c h s t v e r ­
s c h l eipbar) ( o ften th o s e m a n n e r s a r e defi n e d as p u r e rese arch I
Gru n d l agenfo rs c h u n g ) . The state , repre senting the i nterests of
all capitalism (die Intere s s e n d e s G e s amtkapital s ) ( a marketing
.cri s i s c o n c erni n g c a r i n d u s try would a u toma t i c al ly a l s o throw
steel - , e l e ct ri c - and gum i n d u stry into crisi s ) t h e s t ate is
thus c o erced to b u i l d s treets . In consequence o f t h i s c i t i e s are
t o b e burst open for there is n e ed o f arterial r o a d s and d e ­
serted satellite t o w n s a r e c om i n g u p ; i n fu rther c o n s equence of
all t h i s c ri s i s there are n o fi n an c i al means a v a i l a b l e w h i c h
s h o u l d b e important t o satisfy m o s t u rgen t n e e d s in c ommu ­
n i t i e s ( s c h o o l s , h ospital s , chil dren c o rn ers I Kin dergarten etc ) .

A s a c o n sequence o f al l t h e s e factors there results a d e s o l a ­

t i o n of all s o c i a l life aim i n g at ov ercrow ded regions s o o n
b e c o m i n g factors of n e w investment c o m b i n e d w i t h the w ant o f
more i n d u stry . The entertainment indu stry amplifi e s this d e sert
estab l i s h i n g game tabl e s , m usi c b o x e s , n i g h t clubs e t c , pro ­.

d u c i n g by this at the s ame time : p rostituti o n , crimes of v i o ­

l e n c e , rocker g a n g s a n d a l l k i n d s of " d i s s o c i a b i l i ty " , w h i c h the
apologists of t h e Sy stem of course w ant to be taken n o t to be
c o n s e q u e n c e s o f the capitalist w ay of prod u c t i o n b u t resulting
merely from i n d u strializati o n .

So the l o n e l y o n e ( d e r Einzel n e ) in capital i s t s o c i e ty becomes

an o bj e ct of d oubl e expropriati o n , as well i n the fi eld of
production as well as in that of c o n sumpti o n . You may c omp are
him t o the man in Greek mythol ogy to w h om the Gods granted
o n e c ertain w i s h , an d ev e ryth i n g h e grasped i n stantly turn e d
i n t o gold and s o h e d i e d of hunger and thirs t . Not o n l y th e
activ i ty at t h e place of w o r k , but also the acti vity in " fre e " ­
tim e , stri k i n g the tenni s-ra c k e t , driving by car, to throw
money i n t o the music b o x , all th i s i s turn ed into gold f o r
t h e capitalist System .

R e q u i r e m e n t s (Bedilrfn i s se ) : We started from the fac t ,

that a n y requirements w e have a r e p r o d u c e d by c apitali sm .
T h i s mean s , th at all requireme n ts are n othing but phen omen a ,
b e l onging t o the basic requirement o f capitalism w h i c h consists
i n produ c i n g surpl u s value (Mehrwert ) . " T h erefore prod u c tion
produces n o t only an obj e c t for the s u bj e c t , b u t also a s u bj ect
for th e obj e c t " (4). Capitalism i s subj e c t of all h i s tory until
 13

nowadays but i n n o way human bei ngs are governors of the

forces of produ c tion until n ow . But the requirement of capi ­
tallsm to produce surplu s valu e i s antagonistic to the require ­
ment o f the single pers o n s (der Einzeln e n ) to l i v e their l i v e s ;
a s y m p t o m ( Symptom) i s noth i n g but the immedi ate unit o f
t h i s contradiction (Wid erspru c h ) w h i c h i s sen sorily perceivable .

The s y m p t o m is the elementary unit of the contradiction

life - death . A n d c apitalist manner of production i s always
directed to the destruction of labour forces ( A rbeitskrUte ) .
Included i n this contradiction ( d e r Begriff dieses Widerspruchs
. . . ) are those forms of symptoms which they classify as schizo­
phrenias and psych o se s . Explicating th e contradictions of this
including ( B egrlff) consi sts in the resistance a s organized and
practised by SPK .

It has to be seen quite c l e arly that those thi n g s , which are

commonly defi n e d as being schizophrenias o r psychoses are only
the simpl e result i n which the antagonism (Widerspru c h ) b e ­
tween violence a n d l i fe is p u t to t h e top , b u t o n l y in a form
and way to grow exi stent in a peac efu l u n i t ( e iner ruhigen
Einheit ) ; each authentic human motion being answered by v i o ­
l e n c e potential s . T h i s peaceful u n i t of th e antagoni sm violence
- life , becoming manifest in a " s chizophren i c p e rs o n " (or i n all
oth e r k i n d s o f lllness) in "peacefu l tim e s " - and the bourgeois
soci ety ( b ll rgerl i c h e Gesel l s c h aft ) knows well en ou gh why i t
suppresses each of t h e s e antagonisms as soon as t h e y b ecome
evident and e x pl l c i t , s u ppressi n g them by means of t h e walls
o f mental a n d all the other h ospital s , straitj ackets , psych o ­
ph arm a c a a n d ele ctrosh ocks - i n a state of emergency takes
the form of an annihilation camp ( fi rs t annihil ated i n the
N azi - G e rman KZs : p ati ents ) ( translator ' s n o t e ) . This anni ­
h i l ati o n c amp is - med i ated by i n stitutions l i k e welfare center
and trusty an d betteri n g edu c ation , prisons and psychiatric
i nstituti o n s - the top m an i festation o f con ceptu ality ( Begri ff)
of the family type bourgeois , m e an s : capitalist c l as s (flow ers i n
the inner y a r d s o f pri s o n s and of psychi atri c instituti o n s an d
fl owers (geran i u m s ) at the windows and b arracks of A u s chwitz;
which prison governor and wh i c h psychi atry professor h as not
yet ann o u n c e d o n " festi v e " occasions: "We are a great fam i ly ! "
and on C h ristm a s they p l ayed p i o us s o n gs in the annihilation
c amps amplifi e d by l o u d - s p e ak e rs , i s n ' t it?) .

" But i n c o n trast to this in "Rebellion against the crow d s " Bru n o
Bettelheim t e l l s from a girl w h o in o n e o f the m o s t awful
si tuati o n s o f al i e n a t i o n o f all m anki n d ' s h i story got aw are of
this situation in a moment o f h i ghest l u c i d i ty , and s u c c e e d e d
 14

i n breal.cing o u t . This girl belonged to a group of j e w s and all

of th em had to w ai t naked in a queue in front of the gas­
c h amber. The watch i n g SS - offi c e r was told that she h a d been a
dancer and he ordered her to dan c e . A n d dancing s h e got more
and more c l o s e to him. Suddenly she sn atch ed his w e apon and
shot him down . Her d e stiny was sealed and equally it was
c l e ar, that s h e had not been abl e to change the situ ation in
any w ay . The situation of the group was determ i n e d to be
ann i h i lated . But she had given her l i fe i n a quite person al
s e n s e , an d by this acti on ·a lso was e x pressed a possibility of
history which during the annihilation of th e masses i n the
c amps h a d been lost i n a tragi c man n e r . " ( 5) .

He w h o tackles symptoms in a serious w ay , h a s to fac e th e

violence of capitalist soci ety and h e also has to look Out to
organize violence again s t thi s v i o l e n c e . All social relations
transfer themselves into th e substantial structure of body (in
d i e Materiatur d e s Korpers) and into the consciously p erformed
represen tation of the body ( u n d in d i e Korpervorstell u n g ) =
psyche ; the lonely one ( d e r Elnzeln e ) ls producing h i s body and
his psych e w i thin th e c apital i s t. organized process of prod u ction
( 6 ) . A symptom i s a phenomenon emergi ng out of the essential
b e i n g o f i l ln e s s ( el n e Ers c h e i n u n g d e s W e s e n s Krank h e i t ) being
p r o t e s t a n d i n h i b i t i o n o f p r o t e s t . A gitation in
SPK aimed at requiring the progressive impulse (Moment) of
illness , of the protest and its collective organ izati on . How far
it was possible for the v ery person (fiir den Einzeln e n ) to use
the progres s i v e impu l s e ( Moment) of illness for himself d e ­
p en d e d mostly on t h e econom i c situation a n d s o c i al position of
the v e ry person being i n agitati on . She or h e who was pri v i ­
l e g e d i n a manner w h i c h offered h i m the possibil ity of acting
out i n the w ay of capital ist consumpti on - supply (tou rism ,
parti e s , e t c ) or if the social position permitted to h i m keeping
h e al thy at the cost and expense of oth er person s , then agi ta­
tion e n d ed for h i m in being " h e althy" again and this i n a
thoroughly bou rgeo i s ( biirgerl ichen ) s e n s e ; for such a person it
could s e em to b e enough that the most d i sturbing symptoms
had disappeare d , s i n c e apart from that h e made use only of the
reac t i o n ary side o f illness ( i n h i bition of prote st, as an
organized form of v i o l e n c e against others and equally agai n s t
himself) , l e a v i n g S P K by h i s own " fr e e " will ; t h a t i s h e had
become " h e al th y " b u t obj ectively h e w a s again on the s i d e of
the capital ism.

"The possessi n g c lass a n d the proletarian class represent the

same human s elf- ali e n ation (Selbsten tfremdung ) . But the former
class fee l s w e l l a n d w e althy in this self- alienation , being
 15

c o n s c i o u s th at a l i e n ation e s tabli s h e s i ts o w n p o w e r , p o s s e s s i n g
in alien ati on the appearan c e ( d e n Sch e i n ) of a human e x i sten c e ;
w h i l e th e latter c l a s s fee l s ann i h i l ated i n alienation , regardi n g
i n ali e n ation t h e o w n powerlessness a n d the reality of a n
i n h uman exi sten c e . It i s , to u s e an expression o f Hegel , i n its
depravity ( Verw orfenheit) the rebellion agai nst its d epravity, a
rebellion to w h i c h i t i s driven by the n e c e s s i ty of contrad i ction
I n its o w n human n ature and i n its l i fe s ituati on , which i s the
frank ( o ffenh e rzige ) , d e cisive ( en t schi e d e n e ) , universal ( um­
fassen de) negation ( V ern e i n u n g ) o f this n ature" ( 7 ) .

H e a 1 t h l s a thoroughly b ourge o i s ( b ilrgerli c h ) concept.

C a pi tali sm i n i t s total i ty establi s h e s an average n orm of
expropriating capac ity c o n c erning the commodity labour force
(Ware Arbeistkraft) . The h e alth system on the one side h a s the
task o f r a i si n g this norm a n d o n the other side it has the task
of sel ecting and disposing o f th e h an d s (workm e n ) which do n o
more flt to th i s n orm , I n a most cost - e ffec tive w ay , or re­
spectively - a s it was d o n e i n the Third Reich - to l i qu i d ate
them fr an k l y , o r - as done nowad ays - to remove them by
d 1 f f e r e n t 1 a 1 - e u t h a n a s i a ( 8) .

T o be he althy thus mea n s to b e expropriated and e x p l oitable

(ausbeutbar zu s e l n ) .

By practising the SPK we br ought ( l ast n o t least) to e v i d ence

w h at h u g e a m as s of v i o l en c e - p o t e n t i als w a s put i n stan d b y
and was appli e d against our production o f n o n - de st ructive
necessities (Bediirfnlss e ) and w a s m a d e ready against the
re a li z a ti o n of life. Practi s i n g SPK h a s made it c l e ar that all
the ri ghts , guaranteed by the constitution to everyone -
equality , h a b e a s corpus ( c o n c e i v e d as inj u ry to the body, for
no human b o dy - if it were already a real fre e one - would
endure any i nternment ) ( k o rperl i c h e Unversehrtheit ) , free
development of person ality - are n othing but abstract
phantoms , and that even t ry i ng t o u se t he s e c o n s tit u tio n al ly
guaranteed rights is the same a s c ommi tt i n g crim e s . The
measure in which constituti o n al l y guaranteed rights can be
brought to c on c r e ti z a t i o n doe s n ' t d e p en d on " i nde p en d ent
Ju dges " , but on th e ( h i gher o r l o w e r ) stage o f the rebellion
(Gegengewalt) which the expropri ated class l s capab le of
applying against th e life - destroy i n g violence of capi talism . And
therefore t he claim : " F�ght against the cut - d own of democratic
rights " ls n othi ng but a hollow c atch -phrase .

Th e bourgeoisie d oesn ' t hesitate to annihilate milli ons of

labour forces ( A rbe i t s k r l ft e ) in order to accumul ate profits , i f
 16

they are n o t fac e d w ith s u b s tantial power origi nati n g from the
stru c k o n e s .

The right to l i v e l i fe takes place in p e o p l e ' s w a r

(Volkskrieg ) . All power m u s t originate from the peopl e .

H e w h o i s perpl e x e d b y h e aring t h e word p e o p l e ' s w a r

h as y e t to get to a clear u n d erstan d i n g about w h at is th e
v i o l e n c e of the capitalist System , w h at is cl ass - w arfare from
abov e , taking place i n permanen c e ; for each year there are
killed 10 000 m e n by " self" - murd er = s uic i d e ; that every d ay
1 5 m e n are killed by s o - c al l e d i n d u s trial accidents, that each
year as many peopl e , as Offenbach (Germ an town near
Frankfu rt/M . ) h a s i n h abitan t s , are annihilated by road
accidents .

" T h e r e i s a l w a y s w a r f a r e i n o u r c i t i e s " -
Bre c h t .
 17

THIS TEXT IS BUT A BEGINNING . . .

II Theses an d Principles

1 .) 11 x ILLNESS

1) I l l n e s s i s c o n d i tion and result ( Vorauss etzung u n d

R e s ultat ) of the relations o f production
(Produktionsverh altnisse ) i n capitalism (9) .

2) Illne s s being the totality of c o n d i ti on s o f capitalist

relations o f production i s the productive p o w e r (force o f
production , Produktivk raft ) p a r e x c e l 1 e n c e for
capitalism.

3) A s the result o f capi talist relations o f production

lllness i n i t s developed form as protest of l ife agai n s t
c apitalism i s the revolution ary p roducti ve power p a r
e x c e 1 1 e n c e for all h u m an b ei n gs .

4) Illness i s t h e only form i n w h i c h " l i fe " i n c ap i talism i s

p o s s i bl e .

5) I l l n e s s and capi talism are i d entic al : in the same

m e asure i n which d e a d capital (totes Kapital ) is
a c c u mu l ate d , a pro c e s s which ru n s parallel to the
a n n i h i l ation of human w ork , s o - called c a p i tal ­
annihil ation (Kapitalvern i c h t un g ) , becoming a common
m atter, i l l n e s s becomes m ore w i d espread and i n ­
creasingly m al i gn ( V erbreitun g u n d Intensitat von
Kran k h e i t n immt zu ) .

6) Relations o f production in capitalism i n v o l v e that living

w ork (lebendige A r b e i t ) h as t o b e turned into dead
matter (tote Materi e : commoditi e s , c apital ) . Il l n e s s
 18

e x p resses t h i s proc e s s , w h i c h i s i n permanent progress

a n d gaining ground .

7) Il l n e s s l s the v e i l e d un employm e n t and in the form of

s o c i a l security contributions b e i n g imp o sed ( Soz l al ­

abga b e n ) il l n e s s is cri s i s - b u ffer ( Krise n puffer) p a r

e x c e I I e n c e in n e o - c apitalism ( l ate capitalism ,
p o st - c apitalism Spatk apltalismu s ) ( 10 ) .
,

8) Illness i n its u n d eveloped fo rm l s i n h i bition and

imp e d iment and th erefore the inner prison of the lonely
ones ( d er Einzelnen ) .

9) I f w e g e t i l l n e s s released from admi n i s tration ,

expl oitation ( V erwertu n g ) and th e custody ( Verwahru n g )

through the i n s titutions of h e alth and if i l l n e s s emerges
'

in the fo rm of collective resistance there is the

situ ati o n , th at the state h a s to intervene in order to
sub stitute the i n n e r prison of the patients by extern a l ,
" real " ( ri chtige ) p ri s o n s .

1 0) The h e alth system can get along with i l l n e s s only on

c o n d i t i o n that patients are t o t a l l y o u t l aw e d .

1 1) H e a l th is nothing but an i d e o l oglsti c - fascist fi gme n t of

the mind ( Ge s u n d h eit ist e i n biol ogisti s c h - faschi sti s c h e s
Hl rngespinst ) ( 1 1 ) , the fun ction of t h i s figm e n t is to
v e i l in t h e h e a d s of the making stup i d s and o f the
-

m ad e - stu p i d s ( V e rdummer u n d V e rd u mmten d i es e r Erd e )

t h at il l n e s s i s c o n d i t i o n e d by soci ety an d also to v eil
the social fu n c ti o n of i l l n e s s .

2.) THREE STARTING- POINTS O F PRACTISING SPK

I) W h a t w e sta rt e d from w a s , that a l l p ati e n t s i n th i s

s o c i ety must h a v e a right t o l i v e , that m e a n s a
r e q u i r e m e n t fo r t r e a t m e n t
1) b e c a u s e " t h e i r " i l l n e s s is conditioned by soc i ety
 19

2) b e c au s e t h e v o lume a n d c ap a city o f treatment and

the m e d i c a l functi o n s are in stitutionalize d by
s o c i ety

3) b e c a u s e each pers o n , be it a labourer, a h o u s e

w i fe , a p e n s i o n e r , a s t u d e n t o r a p u p i l h as p a i d
f o r every possible treatme n t , even b e fore requiring
it. This i s so because social security contributions
(Sozialabgab e n ) are imposed amounti n g up to 35%
and m ore of the n e t i n c o m e , w h i c h a r e confi s c ated
automati c ally (zw angsw e i s e ) in order to maintain
a l l h e alth in stituti o n s .

II) The requirement of being treate d , referred to u n d e r I ) ,

h as t o entail the n e c e s sity o f c o n t r o l b y
p a t i e n t s ( Pati entenkontro l l e ) of

1) th e h e alth institutions for treatm e n t : domestic

authority of th e p atients c o n c erning all public
i n stitutions which h av e t o d o with i l l n e s s .

2) P a ti en ts ' control over all medi cal e d u c ation an d ! t s

application ( Prax i s ) b y
a) governing (Bestimmun g ) s c i e n c e accord i n g t o
t h e necessities (Bed iirfn isse ) o f ill p e o p l e ,
th at is the p o p u l ation a s a proletarian one
being determ i n e d by i l l n e s s ( d e r Bevolk erung
als Proletari at unter d e r Bestimmung
Krank h e i t ) - the pri n c i p l e of peopl e ' s
u n i versity soci alizing t h e mean s of production
(Produktl onsmittel ) called s c i e n c e .
b) d o m e s t i c auth ority and working conditi o n s ,
control over th e univ ersity ' s h o u s e h o l d
t h r o u g h pati e n t s , w h o are treated at the
univ ersity .
c) Ful fi lment o f t h e p ati ents ' requirement, to
d etermine themselves how and i n w h i c h w ay
they are treated or n o t .

3) Control of t h e w ay and of the manner in which

s o c i al sec urity contributi o n s (Sozial abgabe n ) are
l e v i e d and investe d , c ontrol o f the budget of the
s o c i al i n.surances or serv i c e s an d of the social
fon d s .

III I n t h e r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n p h y s i c i a n a n d
p a t i e n t ( Arzt - Pati e n t - V erh8.ltn is ) , i n the thera-
peutic situation , the p atie n t i s e x p e ri e n c i n g focally his
role as a mere obj e c t an d h i s d eprivation of ri ghts
 20

(Rechtl os i gkeit) in the confrontation with the social

relations and be i ng a part of them, the relation between
physi cian a n d patient b e i n g only one of all these s o c i al
rel ati o n s . T h i s s i t u a t i o n , this relation is th ere fore the
s tarting-point p a r e x c e 1 l e n c e to transform in
clear consciousness and in a n e c essity - re l ated
( b e d il rfnisbezogen ) manner the existing social relati ons
at all, the patient being their obj e c t . From this
c o n s cio u sness h a v e to be d e d u c e d (abzu l eit en ) the
following h e a d l i n e s of activity on which a ll d e p en d s :
eman cipati on - c ooperation - political id entity .

3.) 1 0 PRINCIPLES I N PRACTISING SPK

1) The n e e d s ( B e d il rfni s s e ) of the pati ents are the

starti n g - point of our work .

2) Along the pro c e s s of m u t u al s e l f - c o n trol between

patients as well in p e r s o n a 1 a g i t a t i o n as i n
that 1 n g r o u p s ( i n Einzel - u n d Gru ppenagitati on )
t h e n e e d s are d i fferentiated concerning their d o u b l e ro le
b ei n g as well pro d u c t s as pro d u ct i v e p o wers ( forces of
production ) .

3) I n personal and group agitation a n y k 1 n d of

material " offered " by the p atients i s al ways w o rk ed o n .

4) B y m e a n s o f personal a n d group agitati o n b e i n g act­

medium for this purpose th e obj e ctive an d external
c o n ditions of existence i n the single patient as well as
in the patients ' c ollective as a whol e get into c o l l e ctive
practi s i n g .

5) Only in c o n n ection with p e r s o n a l agitat ion , gro u p

agitati on , s c i e n tifi c stu d y - groups i n community
(Arbeitskrei sen ; worki n g out altogether a theory which
i s both u s e fu l an d n e c e s s ary ) the n e e d s of the singl e
one and o f t h e group c a n b e worked on .

6) The n e e d s o f t h e patients brought into an o bj ectivized

form i n this c o n n e ction with personal and group
 21

agitati on are to b e concentrated i n the (menti one d )

stu d y - group s , in w h i c h they are also generalized i n
order t o b e turn ed into the collectivized need (Kol lek ­
tivbed ilrfn i s ) as a unit of n e e d and political w ork
( p o l i t i c a l i d e n t i t y , p o l i t i s c h e
Identitat ) .

7) Form a n d content of t h e stu d y - gro u p s are t o be deter­

mined by t h e n e e d s o f p ati ents . To get i t clear an d to
pull i t forward t h e m e t h o d o f d i a 1 e c t .i c s
i n H e g e l an d the c r i t i q u e o f p o l i t i c a 1
e c o n o m y b y M a r x h av e pro v e d b e s t .

8) Proceeding (im ProzeJ3 ) in personal and group agitation

an d in the ( n amed ) study- groups there h as to be
s o c i a 1 i z e d special knowledge and trai n e d skills as
w e l l concerning single p atients as e s p e c i ally concern i n g
k n o w l e d g e a n d th e s k i l l s of th o s e , w h o a r e able t o
practise m e d ic al functions in ord er to r e d u c e d i fferen c e s
i n th e l e v e l o f e d u cation i n the SPK c a u s e d by a lower
or a h i gher e d u c ation i n order to achieve during a
course of time also a c ommon and equal level of
education .

9) SPK products are a s fol l o w : e m a n c i p a t i o n

c o o p e r a t i o n s o l i d a r i t y p o l i t i c a l
1 d e n t i t y.

10) Aim and steps of our w ork : i n c orporation and the best
possible d e v e l opment of the s i n g l e persons i n collec­
t i v i ty (Aufh e b u n g u n d optimale En tfal tung d e s Einzelnen
}, fou n d ation and d ev e l o pment o f more and more
. . .

c o l l e c ti v e s e l s e w h ere . T h e s o c i alization of SPK - me t h o d s

i n other organ izati o n s and g r o u p s w h i c h a l r e a d y exist
( M u l t i - F o k a l e r E x p a n s i o n i s m u s ) .
The mergin g ( A u fh e b u n g ) of all c o l l e c t i v e s i n the
s o c i a 1 i s t. r e v o 1 u t. i o n as a common matter
( d i e A ufh ebung aller Kollektive in der All geme i n h e i t der
s o z i a 1 i s t i s c h e n R e v o 1 u t i o n ).
 22

4.) TOWARDS A "PEOPLE 'S UNIVERSITY"

(ZUM BEGRIFF VOLKSUNIVERSITAT)

Scien c e h as to b e released from its fu nction which i s a

thoroughly life - denying an d p arasitic one . If hundred men are
prod u c i n g so many things that on e hundred and o n e men could
live on the c ollective product, you can be quite sure , th at the
onehun dredand flrst m an b e c omes a " scientist" . Th at ' s to say
that he soon will begin to rule and to govern the process of
production , d o n e by the one hundred people who really pro d u c e
s ometh i n g .

Start i n g c o n d ition a n d fi n a l result of c apitalist r e l ations o f

production ( Produktionsverh�ltn i s s e ) i s a science w h i c h always
h as to devise increasingly new and sophisticated methods for
rul i n g an d govern i n g (Kybern e ti k ) the process of produ ction in
the way to max imize profits (Profitmax imierung) . That m e a n s ,
that there are produced life - d enyi n g relations of production .
The c orre c t w ay to treat this social " d e v e lopment " c onsists i n
the stru ggle f o r s o c i alization of the m eans of production ( d er
Produktionsmitte l ) , and t h i s stru ggle is also the stru ggle w h i c h
aims at a collective appropriati on of s c i e n c e , an appropriation
by the ex propriate d , a struggle therefore for a c o l l e c tive
pro d u c tion o f s o c i al relation s , i n w h i c h everybody - a c c or d i n g
to the c o l l ective n e e d s o f th e s i n gle o n e s w h o form this
soci ety - has to b e a sci enti s t , the c o n s c i ously clear owner of
relations of produc tion .

The pretext of scientists to m ak e s c i e n c e fo r men i s not

suffi c i e n t . They ought to make s c i e n c e for i 1 1 h uman bein gs
( for another mankind doesn ' t yet exist ) , while h an d ing over
this science to those w h o need science to sati sfy their n e e d s ,
th at i s , t h e y h a v e to l ay t h e i r s c i e n c e into the h a n d s of i 1 l
p e o p l e ( d en Kranken ) . This can ' t be expected from
scientists , for - as we w ere told from s u c h scienti fi c high
lords - they are not willing at all to c o mm i t such a kind o f
" self- prostitutio n " ( 12), to a b o l i s h their fun c ti. on orientated t o
c apitalism ( i h r e kapital o rientierte F u n k t i o n zu n e gieren ) . That
i s why for them , b e l o n gi n g to the reaction ary spear - h e ad of
capital , s c i e n c e is a means of produ cti on which they have at
their d i sposal and will at any rate c ontin u e to hav e at their
d i s p o s a l . Therefore the owners o f c apital build i vory towers
(Elfen beintiirm e ) for them ( u n i v ersiti es ) . And t h e sci entists
take c are that their science fi ts as well as possible for their
purpose to remain always in their i v ory towers an d , w h at i s
 23

m ore , th at they cannot e s c ap e from them, from the i v ory

towers , b e i n g created by the s c ientists thems e l v e s . A n d th at l s ,
why the i l l p e o p l e ( d i e Kran k e n ) themselves have to
take s c i e n c e into their own han d s . Consequently " p e o p I e ' s
u n i v e r s i t y " ( " Volksuniversit!it " ) as a p ri n c i pl e ! For the
i l l p e o p 1 e the o w n ers of capital b u i l d c u stody h o u s e s
( Verwahrungsanstalten ; h o spitals and ambulances , m e n t a l hospi ­
tal s , priso n s ) and ill p e o p l e don ' t w an t to be there and even
,

m u s t get off there .

5.) PEOPLE'S UNIVERSITY SPK (DAS SPK ALS

VOLKSUNIVERSITAT)

1) It w as not any " m atri culation " or fin al e x amen ( " Reife ­
prilfu n g " ) and also i t was not the p u rs e , w h i c h were
chosen by u s as a criterion when somebody entered SPK .
Nothing but the n e e d s ( B edilrfn i s s e ) were to be
respected .

2) In contrary t o the u n i versity w h i c h , following t h e u n i ­

v ersity ' s l a w of Bad e n - Wiirttemb e r g , relegates stu d ents ,
if they are taken for b e i n g " i l l " by whoever it might
be, or respectively cast them out of t h e university ; j u s t
i n c o n tr ary to t h a t w e started from the premi s e , that
all are i l l , and for th ose who h ad , especially by their
own body, grasped this fact w e d e c l ared ourselves to be
competent.

3) Instead o f accumulating valuable k n o w l e d ge ( v erwert­

bares Wissen ) and skills ( Konnen ) of the single being
( d e s Einzelnen) by and for c apital , w e aimed at
s o c i a 1 i z i n g all s c i entifi c knowledge and methods
as far as they w e r e necess ary fo r the i l l population .

4) A gainst isolation and alien ation of s c i e n c e con cerning

·
practical needs of 1 1 1 peop l e w e opposed science us efu l
i n o r d e r to i n sert a c r 1 t i q u e b y p r a c t i s i n g
( p r a k t i z i e r t e K r i t 1 k ) ari s i n g from the social
relations in which th e stru ck o n e i s s i tu ated .
 24

5) Instead o f proclaiming liberty for i n v e stigati on and

teac h i n g ( freedom agai n s t w h at a n d for which purpose? )
we collectively l e ar n e d an d researc h e d t h o s e matters
w h i c h c o u l d b e usefu l for the l i beration from s o c i a l
repre s s i o n ( g e s e l l s c h aftl i c h e n Zw a ngen )
.

6) I n s te a d o f t h e pri n c i p l e o f competiti on ( e xamin ation s )

a n d i n stead of alienated d etermin ation ( Fremd ­
bestimmung) ( by n e e d s o f capi tal t o accumulate and to
get profi t s ) o u r g u i d e l i n e ( R i c h t s c h n u r ) in sci entifi c
work w a s c o 1 1 e c t i v e p r a c t i s i n g and
c o l l e c t i v e s e l f - d e t e r m i n a t i o n .
The cul ture - mi n i s ter (Kultusminister; min i ster of
e d u c ation a n d t h e arts ) o f Bad en - Wiirttemberg ( 1 3 ) ( by
h i s d ecree of 1 8 September 1 9 7 0 ) and the u n iversit y s '

Sen ate of H e i d e l berg ( by d e c i s i on of 24 Nov ember 1 9 7 0 )

refu s e d t o t h e patien t s , organ i z e d in S P K w h o wanted t o
conti n u e t h e i r w o rk at t h e u n i v ersity, ev ery k i n d o f
fin an c i al support, t h e l egality of w h i ch h a d b e e n c l e ar
by s e l f- ev i d e n c e for e v erybody and which was
recognized by everybody at al l . Th i s also i n spite of
the fact that there were three positi v ely affirming
reports done by rec ogn iz e d s c i e n ti s ts a n d ordered by
the u n i v ersity ' s c h i e f and by h i s m an agement offi c e
( R e ktorat u n d Verwaltungsrat) (14 ) :
- d o n e in a u n i versity w h i c h c o u l d n ' t exist, if there
w a s n o t the w age - d e p e n d e n t population and their
surplus value ( M e h rw ert) c o n fiscated by force and if
there d i d n o t e x i s t perma n e n tly w age - d i strai n t
( Lohnpfa n d u n g ) e x e c u t e d as the expropri ation b y
m e a n s of tax e s .
- i n a u n i v ersity with a Faculty of natu ral s c i e n c e s
and a Faculty of M e d i c i n e p erfo rming researches for
mili tary purposes ( Kriegsforsc h u n g ) and also for s o ­
c a l l e d pure research aiming at the mass - annlhi l ati on ­
programs of c apital I mperi alism apt to be appl i e d
against i t s own nati o n , against the inner ( k apital i ­
stlscher Imperial i sm u s n a c h innen ) (15 ) an d also
agai n s t foreign n ati o n s , a univ ersity in whose
Faculty of Medicine policllnl cal psychi atry l s
p e rformed as psychi atry of policemen directed by
v . Baey e r , c h i e f of this mental h ospit a l and his l eft ­
h a n d chief Oesterre i c h ( 1 6 ) , b o th of them comman ding
-

a l o t of p o l i c emen i n order to cast patients out of

the h ospital by means of weapon s ' brute force i n
M arch 1 9 7 0 .
 25

- This in a university at which the Faculty of

Humanities ( ge i steswissensch aft l i c h e F ak u l tat}
d evelops counter- strategi e s , ordered by CIA an d other
capi tal a g e n c i es , d i rected ag ai n s t movements of
liberation of peop l e .
- Thi s i n a university the Faculty of L a w of which
d e v elops and appl i e s " s c i entifi c " methods in order to
perpetuate the outcast situation of the pati e n t s ( 1 7 ) .
- I n a u n i v ersity , a t w h i ch the cult -minister Hahn
owns a profe s s o r ' s chair in the Facul ty of Theol ogy .
And this one is the same professor Hahn w h o , being
als o cult-minister, has d e fined the patients on the
09 November 1 9 7 0 as " w e e d s ( W i l d w u c h s ) ,
w h i c h c a n ' t be tol erated and w hich h a s to b e
annih i l ated ( b e s e i t i g t ) as soon as possibl e " .
- A t this univ e rs i ty the c h i ef- rector, Prof. R e n dtorff
( 1 8 ) , anoth er theologist, h as bou n d himself by
contract of the 09 November 1 9 7 0 , written down and
d o c u m ented to anni h i l ate all measure s , aimi n g to cast
patients o u t of th eir SPK - room s , bu t who only a few
days l ater caused the s enate , the c h i ef of which h e
i s , to d e c l are h i s signature n u l l an d void .
- This i n a u n i v ersity , last n ot least the organized
stu dentship of whi ch , u n t i l to the 2 1 July 1 9 7 1 was
n ot willing to stir a finger for the patients inclu d ing
their being assaul ted by th e p o l ice on the n amed d ay
to be p u t into prison , a m easure about which t h e
rector ' s offi c e a n d al s o the stu d e n t s h ad b e e n
i n formed w eeks beforeh and appro v i n g this p l a n n e d
assaul t , k e eping it top s e c r e t to the patients of SPK .
 26

THIS TEXT I S BUT A BEGINNING . . .

III Development of SPK-History

6.) THE UNIVERSITY'S PSYCHIATRIC POLICLINIC

BEING A SERVICE OF RULING SCIENCE

Duri n g thE! last y e ars t h e University ' s Psychiatric P o l i c l i n l c

H e i d e lb e rg h ad received a c h ange of its tasks and of i t s
getting a l o n g w i t h work , t h e imp u l s e s of this c h a n g e c oming
from some d o ctors there and w a s bro u gh t to an e n d by casting
o u t o f this d e p artment about 60 patients and their psyc h i atric
a n d psych o an alytic d o ctor who treated them at those tim e s , in
February 1970 there were also about 1 80 more patients . All
d o ctors , as far as they were i n v o l v e d in this d e p artm e n t until
this m om e n t , h a d e x peri e n c e d by their prac t i c e from d ay to
d ay , t h at th e trad i ti o n al m a n n e r of working had b e c ome more
a n d more i n s u ffi c i e n t , regarding t h e psyc h i atric mass alienation
( M a s s e n v er e l e n d u n g ) p erm an ently i n creasing and growing . The
fu n c t i o n o f a policlinic l i k e that mainly was and i s still a
such , w h i c h might be compared to a tran s s h i p - pl a c e ( e i n e s
Ums c h l agplatze s ) , to a d i stri b u t i o n station (Verte i l e rstati o n ) for
" sick - c ommoditi e s " ( " Kran k e n gu t " ) , m eanw hile tied t o its
s e c o n d ary fu n c t i o n as a place for educ ation ( A u s b i l d ungsstatte )
a n d as a stage of career for s p e c i alists . " C a s e s " w h i c h are too
d i ffi c u l t to be resolved by common phy s i c i ans and priv atly
practi s i n g specialists w h o , i n spite o f that, h e s itate to put
t h o s e p at i e n t s b e h i n d b ars of a "State Hospi tal " { " H e i l anstal t " ,
" HEIL - A n st al t " , n ote H ei l - Hi t l e r - A n s t al t ) , are transferred by
t h o s e d o c tors to the P o l i c l i n i c i n order to b e i n v estigated and
l ab e l l e d a n d from there they are tran s ferred once more to the
wards i n a psyc h i atri c - b e d - c l i n i c ( H auptk l i n i k ) - or, b e c au s e
there i s m o stly a l ack of b e d s f o r panel pati ents - th o s e
p a t i e n t s fin al l y a r e yet transfe rred b e h i n d the named b ars .
Therapies are only d o n e if the patients s e em to be qualifi e d
 27

e n ough t o merit a treatm e n t . The determ i n ation o f the

r e s p e c t i ve qualifi c at i o n s r e s u l t from the d o c to r ' s interest
regarding the purse o r the " s c i entifi c " expl oitabili ty of illness
in the p a t ient s . The c h o i c e c r i t e r i a r e g a r d i n g a psychoth erapy
w ere orientated to th e age of the p atients and t o their
e d u cational stan d a r d . This is e v e n s o to the e x te n d , that
p a tient s w h o are over 35 years or w h o lack a matri c u l ation are
to be rej ecte d . The P o l i c l i n i c work therefore ls in n o w ay
forme d by the n e e d s of the greatest p o s s i b l e number of ill
people , but i s orientated fo l l o w in g the profi t - and c areer ­
i n terests of the only few d o ctors and following the stri ctly
hi erarchic system of the s o - c al l e d public h e al th . This host111ty
against p atients , far from being only confi n e d to the Psych ­
i atric P o l l c l in l c , ls also a mark of the w h o l e " h ea l th" apparatus
starting from private physician to loony bin ( Kl apsmilhl e ) . In
t h e P o l i c l ln i c , b e i n g a selection - ramp ( S e l e k tionsrampe like fo r
example at the c o n centration c amp of A u s chwitz) for the mani ­
fo l d institutio n s of t h i s apparatu s , i n h umanity of c apitalis't
System becomes fo c a lly e x p osed .

7.) THE POLICLINIC AS A SERVICE,

TREATING ILL PEOPLE

This function of th e P o l i c l i n l c b e c am e signifi c ant for those w h o

were w i ll i n g for confrontation to t h i s problem a n d w h o n oticed
the h o s t i l i ty agai n s t patients bei ng involved into the
r e se a rch e s of a P o lic l ini c doctor and consisting i n hurti n g w h at
ls the primary order for e a c h physician and that is to s ay it
ls to d o " primum nil n o c e r e " ( " primarily there i s to be av o i d e d
a n y kind of im pai r i n g " ) ( 1 9 ) .

In the course of th e s t r u g g l e between the patients and the

clinical establishment ( K l inlkhierarchie ) l t b e c am e also quite
clear th at thos e , who w ere r es p ons i b l e w ere neith er blind nor
uninformed regardi n g the pr o b le m s named abov e . But that t h e y
are quite on th e c o n tr a r y alw ays well prepared and ready to
sacrlfy patients on the altar o f their " s c i e n c e " . And s o w e
w ere a b l e to t a k e down , w h at t h e medical a s s i s t a n t d irector
Blankenburg ( 2 0 ) , s u p port e d by the clinic director von Baeyer
told to the patients i n Febru ary 1 9 7 0 quite frank l y : "Of cours e ,
science c a l l s for its v i ctims . If t h e r e l s e m e rgin g a connlct
 28

b e t w e e n rese arch and t h e tr e atme n t of i l l n e s s ( Kr a n k e n ­

v ers orgun g ) there can be n o question at al l , that heads may

well have to rol l " . (" . . . s o milssen eben auch mal Kopfe
rol l e n . " ) . "The h e a d s of th e patients in this case ! " was what
w e repl i e d , and e ac h of the both c l i n i c - lords showed , instead
of an answer, only a cold smile ( . . . von den Herren
kaltlac h e l n d h i n g eno mm e n ).

The c o n fl i ct between the top management of the clinic and

some of its d o c tors who were n o l onger willing to obey to th e
patient - h osti l e d i ctatorship of their chiefs , but w h o had taken
the n e e d s of th e i l l p e o p l e to t h e st a rti n g point of th eir
t h e ra py this c o n fl i c t b e c am e an abused one by the e go i sti c
,

profi t interests of some " fello w - d octors " ( " Kollegen " ) . Those
psychi atric d octors who were on the side of the patients
instead of b e in g o n the side of profi t , were fired .

So the m e d i c al d i rector of the Poli c l i n i c , Dr. Spazi er, in May

1 969 lost the possibility of habilitati o n , already promi sed to
h im . The m e d i c al assistant. Dr. Rau c h , who was also u n d e r the
threat o f measures of repression , could only b e rescued by
mean s o f n egotiati o n s , done by Dr. Huber, who finally achieved
that his c o l l e ague came u n d e r the protec tion of an infamous
chief but n e v ertheless u n d oubtable chief of another clinic
dep artme n t. , for the l atter h a d been a N azi - psychiatri st in
res e archi n g the b r a i n s of c h i l d re n k i l l e d by i nj e c t i on s and gas .
,

A n d Huber himself, second medical d i rector a n d successor to

D r . Spazi er, was fired l ast n ot least in Febru ary 1 9 7 0 , together
with his hun dreds of patients , n o t to forget th e put.ti n g him
under prohibition a n d off limits concerning the policlinic i n th e
Psychiatric H o s pital at the Un i v ersi ty of Heidelberg where, up
t o this moment h e h a d also been en gaged in ph i l o sop h i c
research i n psychi atry u n d er the psychi atric assistant - di rector
Prof. T e l l e n b a c h a n d with n i gh t - d u ty several times a week and
of course v ery o ften o n weekends - a measure of th e clinic
m an agem e n t , a imi n g to stop h i s po l i tica l activities against
c a pi tal i s m and Righti e s at th e university and e l s ewh ere (taken
from th e first or i gina l manus cript by th e tran s l ator ) .

The rul i n g relations do n ot prov i d e for d octor and patient

c o mi n g together to fulfil their task j ointly for quite on the
con trary th e rel ati on between d o ctor and patient i s d e termi n e d
by th e d i stan c e an d by a great d e a l of indirectness devised for
the purpose of s e p arating them from each other (Mittelbark e i t } .
The d octor being accustomed to c o n s i d e r (zu begreife n } h i s
patients o n l y as a c a s e , as n oth ing but a t h i n g , has to l e arn
to cea se comprehending th e ill popu l ation and their forms of
 29

expression by d i agnostics and l abellings, instead of grasping

( b e greife n } them as bei ng quite equal to that what they lilve
as their r e a l ity that ' s to say suffering u n d er repression . To
,

dev e lo p a prole t arian consciousness as a principle and as a

tool and i n strument for a progressive and w h o lemass e s - li k e
th erapy ( i m Massenma(lstab) th i s i s o n l y possible u n d e r t h e o n e
condition, t h a t the d octor as a person i s w i l l i n g t o abolish h i s
therapeutic l eadershi p . Therefore h e h a s to realize t h a t the
supposed subj e c t d octor i s an object of the rul i n g relations
himself! The e quipment for a therapy , orientated to the n e e d s
of patients cannot be l e arne d by a d o ctor w h ether d u r i n g edu ­
c ati on , whether d uri n g conferen ces , seminars and congre s s e s ,
but o n l y i n th e d aily stru ggle s i d e by si d e w i th the pati ents
and their re al i ty taking part in their misery and their
,

repression . What i s situated opposite to thi s reality is a ·­

self-righteous - system , consi sting of a petrifi e d h i erarch y

( v erstei n erter Hi erarch i e ) i n th e form of publi c h e alth ( i n
Gestalt d e s G e s u n d h eitswesen s ) for w h i c h the patient i s force d
to p a y b y s o c i a l c ontributions b e i n g impos e d .

A c ad em i c al confere n c e s with c o l l e agues w h o k n o w a n d treat the

i l l people only being l ab e l l e d by d i agnos e s before , are in n o
m e an s u s e fu l , make grow only the w a i t i n g list and the waiting
time o f the patients . A n d s o D r . Huber w a s fired under pretext
t o h a v e sometimes d irectly refused to leave h i s patients a n d to
let them w a i t instead of w a l k i n g five or ten minutes to this
k i n d of confe re n c e s , in t h e morn i n g , w h i c h l as t e d sometim e s
only a few minute s , sometimes only a few h ours , and the chi efs
fish i n g for a prete xt h a d also forgotten that D r . Huber a l w ay s
h a d been well i n formed about all results o f those conferences ,
if there ever h a d resulted anythi n g , inform e d by other
col l e ag u e s who h ad taken part and by teleph on e . For w h at
actually w a s the c au s e h a d been h i s therapeutic work for an d
together w i th the patien t s , and this w ork h a d climbed a l evel
to constitute a critique by practic e again s t the instituti ons of
the h e alth apparatus and its e xpropriation o f i l l n e s s .

In t h e hospital s of the univers i ty the p u b l i c health involv e s ,

and if i t w ere o n l y by ten dency , the poss i b i l i t y of becomi n g
socialized in a progre ssive sen s e . T h i s m e a n s a l s o that for a l l
d o ctors , b e i n g o c c u p i e d there, exists the m e r e duty to offer
those privileges to the popul ation ( from w h om th ey a r e p ai d ,

last not l e ast ) .

University hospitals enj oy c ertain privileges i n which they

d i ffer from all common physi c i a n s an d from h ospitals w h i c h
belong to a s t a t e or to a c ommun i ty :
 30

1) T h e doctors who work in a univ ersity d o n ' t depend

directly on fee or on the h e alth certifi c ate of th e
patien ts ; they earn a salary , let it be small sometimes .
T h e man agement and t h e equipment with all medical
tools and instruments ls pro v i d e d by the hospital ' s
government .

2) T h e prescription ls free a n d th at means, that i t i s not

controlled or restricted i n any w ay by sick - fund or b y
some unit of panel - doctors ( k assen !irztliche Vereinigun­
gen ) . This " free d om of prescription " i s c aused and
m e d i ated by the research tasks in u n iversity hospital s :
p h armaceutic research i n order to ensure t h e profits o f
ph armaceutic i n d ustry w h i c h ls fav oured by means o f
th e money o f t h e pati ents .

8.) ORGANIZATION B Y THE PATIENTS THEMSELVES

(DIE SELBSTORGANISIERUNG DER PATIENTEN)

Consequ e n tly the patients were not w Ul i n g further more to get

administrated worse than beasts transferred and fobbed off.
They called for their right of therapy and they began to
organize themselv e s . So the first pati ents ' plenum i n th e
h istory of medicine took place in the Psychi atric Policlinic at
the University of Heidelberg on 5 Febru ary 1 9 7 0 . A l l pati ents
who had come together there voted to pull off the new leader
i n the Policlinlc , D r . Kretz ( 2 1 ) , for the n amed doctor, since his
coming there in October 1 9 6 9 had ordered to abolish several
therapeutic group s , especially those groups which h ad been
form e d by invalid and very old patients , most of them having
moved from far away to H e i d elberg i n order to get help and
protection in our Policlinic against being menaced d ay and
n ight and again and again and fin ally forever by some
"therapeuti c " imprisonmen t , pro v i d e d for them by other doctors .
Furthermore w h at about the few doctors w h o quite different to
D r . Kretz really work e d in the Policllnic , Dr. Kretz started
substituting them one by one by his own "team " , especi ally
Dr. Huber h e substituted at last. The patients of the l atter one
meanwhile had d o n e day after day and during sev eral weeks
statistic i n v estigations in the w aiting room of the Pollcllnic
unnoti c e d by the new leader, an d from those inv estigati ons
 31

resulted that D r . Huber i n the average work e d together w i t h 1 2

p atients , w h i l e D r . Kretz , b e i n g most time absent, c ared for
nothing but sometimes for only I p atien t . Furthermore the
pati ents resolved to fou n d committees i n order to give a
c o n s titution to the P o l i c l i n i c d u e to satisfy th eir n e eds . In the
e n tran c e - h al l there was attached an i n form ati on bo ard on the
wall with informati ons from and about the patients , but only a
few d ays l ater the n e w b o s s , Dr. Kretz, w h o happened to pass
by , run an assault against this b oard , tore i t down while
hurting a sick woman w h o was occupied in reading the
patients ' - informations and who bursted out into a crying fit .

For the h o spital government t h e p atients w h o h ad begun to

emancipate and to organize themselves were not to be tolerated
furth ermore . Those p atients who had fin i s h e d to b e handsome
for each purp o s e h a d become quite useless for " science " . Once
more the patients h ad organized a teach - i n , which took place
in the audi tory of u n i v ersity ' s psychiatric hospital and there
took part amon gst some hundreds of peopl e , i n c l u d i n g n e w s ­
papers , broadcast and televisi o n , also the medi cal direct.or of
the u n iversity ' s h o spital Prof. D r . Walter Ritter v . Baeyer ,
Prof. Bra.utlgam ( 2 2 ) and also m e d i c al assistant. directors a n d
scientifi c assist.ant d o c tors like D r . H u b e r , and this was the
teach - in on which some hundred persons o u t of the ill popu l a ­
t i o n c a l l e d on c e more for t h e tak i n g b a c k o f the dismissal
against Dr. Huber and for the p u l l i n g off of D r . Kretz . Only
half a d ay later there fo l l ow e d th e c a s t - o u t of D r . Huber
combined by t h e off- limi t s , mentioned before .

After h aving o c c u p i e d the o ffi c e - rooms of the management

director of the u n iversity ' s h o spitals i n Heidelberg by
hungerstri k e , w h i c h lasted 1 1 /2 d ay - and it were the
patients and Dr. Huber who m a d e c ommonly this h ungerst.rj k e - ,
the rector of the u n i v e rsity , Prof. Rendtorff fel t caused h imself
to prepare m e an s and measures i n order to continue therapy
and self- organization of the pati ents : rooms in the university ,
money and unrestricted prescripture , n e c e s s ary yet to be
forw ard ed regularly . In that consisted th e s o - called comprom i s e
which h appened on 2 8 Febru ary 1 9 7 0 and to achieve this com­
promi se there h a v e taken p art leading members of the Faculty
of Medicine (the deans Schnyder and Quadbe c k ) ( 2 3 ) , the
psychiatri c director v. Baeyer and also stu dents of the proj e c t. ­
group medici n e . T h i s c ompromise had b e e n done between t h e
patients and Rendtorff, rector o f the university o f Heidelberg.
From the beginning Dr. Huber h a d refu se d to recognize this
c ompromi s e . But h e declare d , fac e by fac e only to the pati ents,
 32

t o c on t i n u e h i s w o rk i n g t o g e t h e r o n l y w i t h them , e x c l u d i n g
e xpli c i tl y a n y coll aboration with somebody e l s e .

By th i s a c t , which i n v o l v e d for the patients an d a l s o for

D r . Huber the having become an autonomous work - group with
own r o om s i n th e university there h ad been achieved that the
w h ol e u n i v e rsity, represented by the univ ersity ' s rector, h ad
affi rm e d that t h e Faculty o f Medicine in t o t a l i ty was an
i ncompetent o n e . But n everth eless also the univ ersity in
totality h as wrecked from th e beginning in fu l fi l l i n g the
compromise :

1) the w or k i n g - roo ms b e i n g unused s i n c e h al f a year and

this nev erth eless by subv ention of the taxpayers ,
fi r s t l y had to be done up from ground to top and t h e r e
w a s nobody to care about, except the patients them ­
selves.

2) T h e fre e prescription ( frei e R e ze ptu r ) w h i c h a l s o h a d

b e en assured by c ompromis e - c ontract was sabotaged b y
the psych i a tri c d i rector v . Baeyer and by h i s assistan t. ­
director Oesterrei ch i n a c riminal w ay ( Oesterrei ch :
" N o b o d y c an be w i l l i n g t o allow Hu ber to prescript
medic am e n t s , for we have to start fr om , that Huber, may
b e , prescripts d y n amite ! " ) : some patients went to v .
Baeyer and tri ed t o speak with him about h o w t o re ­
s ol v e the problem of prescripti o n . But t hi s psychi atric
director ordered instead o f fre e p r e s cr ipt i o n policemen
who casted the patients by violence out of t h e univer­
sity ' s psychi atric h o s p i tal and later on they also got,
l i k e Dr. Huber before , prohibition of d o m i c i l e concerning
the psychi atric h ospital c ampus all arou n d . A ssistant
director Oesterrei c h contin u e d the common strategy by
ordering a prescri ption - block ade to all chemi sts ' shops
and ph armacies of Heidelberg and there followed that
all patients w e re also rej ected i n each chemi s t ' s shop if
t h e y presented a prescription with the sign ature of
Dr. Huber. O n e of the pati en ts , i n v al i d from the last
war, also rej e cted by a ph armacist, achieved the l atter
pharmacist to call up Dr. Oesterreich , in ord er to ask
what to d o , because his case was even obviously for
the ph armacist very urge n t . But the medical assistan t. ­
director O e sterreic h , l o o k i n g d o w n to the pati e n t a n d t o
the pharmacist, did noth i n g else e x cept recommending
th e pharmacist to transfe r th e invalid one to the juri ­
dical - assistant director of univ ersity , Prof. Podlech (it
i s from some i n terest in th is c o n text to note that the
 33

psychi atric doctor Oesterreich a t those times was pre­

p a rin g a scientific pie c e for h i s hab111tat1on about w ar­
invallds and senile people ) . The same patient who was
very heavlly damaged yet had had to suffer another in ­
jury by Dr. Oesterrei c h , th e l atter ca111ng for Dr. Huber
in the mentioned teach - i n : "This illness ls o n ly the
result of y o u r work, Mr. D r . Huber" .

3) From March to J u l y th e 11niv erslty ' s rector never p a i d a

penny of the lum p- sum which he had assured by con ­
tract to the patients . Quite on the con trary he did not
cease to menace t h e p atients by the blockade of tele­
phone and by requesting them to le ave their ( " h is " }
university ' s w ork -room s . More and more it became clear
for the patients that the university ' s top management
beside all contract, compromise and negociation secretly
had resolved to finish th e patients ' c o llective until
3 0 September, even by force and v i o l e n c e , be it
necessary o r not, b u t to make an e x a m p l e for all c oming
times . To fu lfil this purpose they d i rected again to
Dr. Huber requesting h im to signify that after the
30 September n o n e of the patients should need qualifi ed
th erapy any longer. The rector and h i s management, a
pressure group n o w , als o u s e d the means of a hunger­
blockade against the pati ents ' self-organizati o n : they
refused to pay the money promised to the patients by
c ompromi s e - contrac t . W e l l , lt got a l s o quite c l e ar for a l l
patients that the named " c ompromi s e " h a d been nothing
b u t a measure of d i ctatorship d irected against the self­
organizati on ; that the tre atment of 111 people by
compromise unmasked itself as a further st ep o f th e
annihil ati on - strategy directed against the patients .

9.) THE SOCIALIST PATIENTS' COLLECTIVE

M e anwhile the pati ents h a d struggled for fou r months against

repre ssi on , starv i n g - o u t , both p e rmanently infl i cted on them by
university ' s rectorshl p , it finally w a s too m u c h for them . On
6 July 1 9 7 0 they o c c u p i e d the u n iversity ' s offi c e o f h e admaster
Rendtorff.
 34

The challenges and d emands o f the Socialist Patients '

Collecti v e , directed to th e headmaster of university , were:

1) Con trol of all treatment of patients by patients them ­

selves ; abolition of all foreign d e termination as it l s
exercised in the h e alth sector by industry and army etc .

2) T h e d omestic authority in t h e h ospitals h as t o b e

controlled by the patients .

3) Money, which circulates in the hospitals has to be tran s ­

ferred to the organized patients . Instantly as a first step
money has to be turned round to the common university ' s
cash - box .

First m e asure to fulfil th ese demands fs :

a ) Leaving a h ouse to the p atients unlimited and free , in

which they are protected against al l attacks of persons who
don ' t belong to them . There have to be at least 1 0 rooms in
this house . All instruments as far as necessary for the
patients and all current costs are to be provi ded by the
univ ersity . Two p e rso n s , able t o fu l fi l m e d i c a l fu n c t i o n s
(Trager arztlicher Funktion e n ) getting aroun d with illness in
th e p ati ents ' coll ecti ve are to be paid by the university .
A l s o the fin an c i al means for clerk work and activities in
case - working are to be provi d e d .

b ) One h o u s e more with at l east 1 0 rooms h as to be left to the

patients instantly , unlimited and fre e of charge , destined to
those patients who are, caused by the ruling repre s s i o n , in
danger i n a specific manner and this demand is a necessary
one in order to protect those patients against more d am ages,
rising from the establ i s h e d psychiatry , it mere existence
being a permanent menace against those p ati ents .

c ) Until the n e w rooms can be u s e d , th e S O C I A L I S T

P A T I E N T S ' C O L L E C T I V E remains wh ere it i s until
now, that is i n the Rohrb acherstraj3e 1 2 .

All the costs which came together until March , prospectiv ely up
to our moving into the n e w rooms are to be paid by the uni ­
versity - l e s s the costs yet paid by the university resulting
from th e compromise - contract . A l l outstanding debts are to be
transferred instantly (24 ) . As the p atients are the respective
pro d u c ers they require now the domination of d i s position (die
Verfilgungsgew alt) over the means of produ ction (Produkti o n s -
 35

mitte l ) , they require all material and basic starti n g - p oi nts ( d i e

materi ellen V oraussetzungen ) w h i c h a r e necessary to turn this
univ ersity of capitalism into a u n 1 v e r s i t y o f p e o p 1 e
Thi s demand was for th e rest in con gru e n c e to th e c onstitution
of this univ ersity for in § 2 of this constitution the u n i v •�rsity
ls defi n e d as a plac e , in which there has to b e produced
" s c i e n c e for the human beings " ( " Wi ssenschaft fiir d e n
Menschen " ) . A s first s t e p to fu lfil a w i d e program like that the
pati ents also required to institute the SPK at t h e u n iv ers i ty by
law and to prov i d e rooms In th e univ ersity being apt to this
p u rp o se and respectively all other means being neces sary for
the patients ' self- organizati on .

On 9 July 1 9 7 0 the management council ( Verw altungsrat) of the

university decided to institute the SPK as a p art of the u n i ­
v ersity a n d ordered three reputated scientists t o m a k e a r e p o r t
about the work and the function of SPK ( 2 5 ) . These scientists
voted i n fav our of the SPK a s to become an i nstitution of th e
university .

Until t o this moment the defami n g a n d t h e causing di scord

against the patients and their relati ves was m ainly done by
th e Faculty of Medicine ( a s s istant d e an Dr. Kretz) as a work
group of p s y c h i a t r y/ psychosomatic ( assistant w o r k - g ro u p
leader Dr. Kretz) by m e a n s of p u b l i s h i n g declarations in press
and broadcast w h o p u b l i s h e d also every kind of letter to th e
e d i to r an d e v ery p u b l i c correspon d en c e of th e s e d o c tors as
they desired from any press and broadcast. But now the d e ­
fam i n g and the c a u s i n g di scord against t h e patients and their
relatives were followed , strength e n e d a n d reinforce d by pub­
l i c ati ons of the culture mi n i s t r y (M i n i s t ry of e d u c ation an d th e
arts) of the government o f t h e st a t e o f Ba d e n - W ii rt t e m berg .
Th ese christian righties (CDU) d i d it in t h e same s ty l e and
manner quite c omparab l e to the mostly social d e m o c r ati c
d o c tors and the l e aders of the university and every k i n d of
formerly dissent between those members of those tw o o pp o site
po l itica l p arti es d i s appeared as i f i t h ad never existe d , since
the in sti ga t i o n against the patients b e c am e a common enter ­
pri se for those doctors of t h e Faculty of Medicine and for the
ministers of gov ernment , fa c i n g a s h ort vi cto ry of the pati ents '
group, resulti n g from their ha ving occupied the university for
more than a week and favoured by th e decision of the u n i ­
versity ' s c o un c i l who couldn ' t but d e c i d e in t h a t way , re g ard in g
the three reports with their good result for the patients . This
in spite of Prof. Dr. W i l h e lm Hahn of the culture ministry of
Bade·n - Wilrttemberg w h o joined n o w the enemies of the pati ents,
suppor't lng their c ampaign i n press and b r o a d c a s t in g by all
 36

mean s o f h i s govern ing p arty CDU (Christian demo c ratic u n d e r ­

groun d , as th e patients c al l e d i t . CDU = Christlich Dem o ­
kratische Union ) . For them th e reacti onary press o f the
bourge o i s i e was d i l i gently open ev ery time for all agitating
pamphl e ts of those who u surped quite arrogantly competence in
the n am e a n d i nstead of the pati e n t s , meanwhile the same s o ­
c a l l e d free press refused to accept a n y k i n d of publi cation if it
w a s d o n e by the patients themselves (corrigati o n s , d e cl arati ons
and so on) e x c ept those which th e press e d i tors themselves
h ad tri e d to transcript either up to a mere nonsense or to
shorten and to abbrevi ate them to common p l aces , lacking
ev ery chance o f efficiency at all . On 2 0 July 1 9 7 0 the culture
minister of Baden - Wurttemberg published by press and broad ­
c ast that the d ecision o f the univ ersity ' s top - man agement (to
which h e belonged himself, see before) was in his opinion " a i n
the h i g h e s t measure criminal one " ( "i n h ochstem M a � e rechts ­
w i d rig" ) and h e a d d e d in his speech by broadcast, th at all
p atients o f the SPK " u rgently have to be submitted to that
kind o f treatm e n t , which they have e arn e d , which they need
bitterl y " ( " schleuni gst der Behan d l u n g zugefiihrt w erd e n , d i e sie
verd i e n en u n d d i e sie dringend not.lg haben " ) and fin ally he
prohibited by his d e cree from 1 8 September 1 9 7 0 against the
u n i v ersity to r e a l i z e an d e x e cute the d e c i sion of i t s m a n a g e ­
ment c o u n c i l , the yet n amed d e c i sion which favoured the
patients . A l l th ose instigati on tirades (Hetzti rad e n ) from the
d octors, favoured and supposed by the cult -minister, w ere also
able to i n fluence the w ork of the patients: o n th e one h an d
t h e y made q u i t e clear the enmity by a l l medical and academi cal
instituti o n s against pati ents ; on the oth er hand the patients ,
w h o worked in the SPK also h a d to suffer from the reproaches
at th eir homes a n d fam ilies an d at their jobs, repro aches o f
bosses, wives and h u s b a n d s or children w h o now b e l i e v e d to
realize what SPK was actually, rai sing from the doctors ' an d
from the politician s ' h ate and enmity agai n s t SPK as published
by press an d broadcast. Sometime s th ose fami l y - members and
those bosses w ere successful against one or the other of the
patients who then dared n o longer to j oin the SPK which those
bosses and famil y - m embers knew only by press , resulting in
more repression for those p atients aimin g to in tern th em, th e
bosses in family and j o b regaining th eir secretly or openly
expressed most comfortable way o f life . But the patients , i n
misery , w e r e sufferin g the r i s k o f d e ath permanently before
th eir eye s , being poisoned and tortured by forced treatment in
a h ospital , especially u n d er the label to be a risk of security
everywh ere imposed to th em by press and broadcast invented
and cast against them by d o ctors .
 37

This experience shows i n a manner, which you c an grasp by

hands w h at ls the c onnection between the bourgeois conscious­
n e s s , that is the s o - called good h uman common sens� and
between the reason of capitalism and h i s e ffi c iency .

1 0. ) THE EVICTION SENTENCE (RAUMUNGSURTEIL)

AND THE SENATE'S ORDER (SENATSBESCHLUSS)

Another attempt to annihilate the SPK was the e vi c tion

sentence against the pati ents (technically against Dr . Huber)
on 4 No v em b e r 1 9 7 0 . On 9 November 1 9 7 0 the cu lture minister
Hahn declared directly ( w ith the eviction sentence ln his
p o ck e t ) that the p atients of the SPK w ere "a wild growing,
wh ic h was n o l o n ger to b e b e ared and h as to b e w e e d e d out a s
soon as p os sibl e by all means b e i n g at h an d " .

Just ln the s ame evening of t h i s d ay Rendtorff, the top master

of the u n i versity obliged himself by a written document t o the
SPK t o rem ove the eviction plaint w h i c h had been ordered by
the university autom ati cally just like the order of the cu lture
ministry from 18 September 1 9 7 0 o n which this plaint w a s
based, an d to prepare s t e p s against the attacks from t h e
culture mini stry inserting th e civil court and further Rendtorff
d e c l ared by his sign ature that h e w as willing to occupy the
Senate of the univers ity w i th the question of formal
establishing of the SPK as an i n d ependent i nstitution of the
university supporting this step by calling in his three experts ,
Richter, Bril ckner and Spazier.

But the first step of this university ' s rector, after having done
h i s d e c l aratio n , was that h e directed to the senate of which h e
w a s the p re s i d e n t , a n d c aused t h e s e n ate to m a k e his sign a ­
ture inv alid ( p uttin g himself u n d e r tutelage = Selbstent­
milndlgun g ) . Therefore the patients directed to the civil c ourt
questioning an urgent disposal (interim i nj u n ction, Einstweilige
Verftigung ) against the pogrom agitation ( P o gromhetze) of cult­
minister Hahn and also they imposed a plaint against the
decree of t h e 1 8 November 1 9 7 0 , both m e asur e s based on the
human rights ( Grun drecht. e ) , especially on t h e right of ev ery
person of remaining unhurted (Unverletzl l c h keit der Person) and
the right of freedom i n research and e d u c atio n (Freiheit. von
 38

Forschung u n d Lehre ) . But the civil court achieved to delay

this plaint until to Janu ary 1 9 7 2 and then rej ected i t , com­
bined with the order that it were the patients who had to pay
all costs .

Finally on 2 4 November 1 9 7 0 in a secret assembly to which the

n am e d experts were n o t invite d , but instead of them Prof. Dr.
Dr. Heinz H!ifner, expert in money-making (Experte in Sachen
Profitm aximi erung ) by means of the i l l population, th e sen ate
resolv e d , based on the require of the Fac u l ty of Medicine
(Schnyder, Kretz} "that the SPK was not to be established as
an institution at and by the university" . This decre e , put in
the hands of the d ean of the Faculty of Law, a form er n azi
n amed Prof. Dr. Leferenz, a n d in stigated by the members of the
Faculty of n atural and mathematic S c i ences , should b e executed
by the chancellor of the u n i v ersity " as an act of m an agement
( au f dem Verwaltungsweg} to which had to serve also the
executive forces of State (unter Anwendung staatlicher
Hilfsmitt e l } " , and all this as urgent as possi b l e . Neverth eless
Dr. Huber, believing evid ently, if not in delusion , i n the
signature of th e theologist Rendtorff, had submitted an appeal ,
by means of his l awyer against the eviction sentence
(Raumungsurtei l } being i n force and able to be ex ecuted since
the 4 November 1 9 7 0 . On 1 3 May 1 9 7 1 there came another
eviction sentence executable at once and at any time against
the patients (resp . again st D r . Huber) . And the court, appeal e d
for protection against the execut i on o f thi s means (suspension
of execution, Vollstrecku ngsschut.z) not even took notice of this
petition aimi n g at the mere survival of th e pa t i ents .

1 1 .) THE EVICTION

An d as a matter of fac t , as we may con c l u d e from above , the

eviction took place on 24, 2 5 and 2 6 June 1 9 7 1 , combi n e d with
a sudden and arbitrary detention of SPK - p atients , subjecti n g
them to examin ati on , applying violence against b o d i e s , search
of their d omi ciles ( w i th o u t any permission of a j udge , of
course } , menace and tak i n g h ostages ( 2 6 } d u ri n g an armed
operati on . This military action , perform e d by poll c e , supported
by h e l icopters , police - d og s , submachine guns anq sev eral
hun dreds of p o l ice official s , some of them in uniform , others
 39

disguise d , c ame t o pe r fo rm a n c e i n the context o f id eas and

con stru ctions prepared by the persecutors a n d the polic e in a
m anner which i s called i n psych opathol ogy of system ati zed
delusions " fishing for self-invented relati ons " (Beziehungs ­
setzung ohne A n l a(3 ) , one of the best applied meth o d s of
d o ctors in psychi atry , used d ay and n i gh t against patients in
order to get them prepared for forced th erapy by means of
labelling them i n a manner which n o boby else nei th er ca n
d ire ct b y proof for a firm i f h e i s n ' t psychi atrist himself among
other psychi atrists . A n d this c on struct was tied to - i n order
to gain be it o n l y the c h ance of cre d i b i l i ty - the shooting out
c aused by the police on 2 4 June 1 9 7 1 and two until now un­
known pers o n s p ark i n g i n the street in front of a pub in a
little village , an event, w h i c h h ad taken place about half a
mile near the h o u s e in which Dr. Huber was livi n g , re ady round
th e clock to b e visited by all SP K - pa t i e n t s who wanted to see
him.

All of about a d ozen patients w h o were detained i n those days

got free again within about 4 8 h ours except of two more
pat i e n ts . Against those two SP K - p at i en t s who were forced to
,

remain in prison there were fi nally bungled two w arrants of

arrest, w h i c h were based on the suspi c i o n that they could b e
taken for being members of a criminal conspiracy ( kriminelle
Vere i nigung ) . All deman d s to visit them (even if they were
asked by husban d s , for the time being) w ere refused by the
j udges who took every claimed d eman d for a visit permi ssion
for the c l e ar proof, that the d eman ding p erson also belonged to
the " criminal" SPK. The persecutors and the j udges also rE!fu s e d
u n t i l nowadays even to r e a d a medical report in w h i c h w a. s
exposed the urgent necessity f o r a b o u t 4 0 patients more of t h e
SPK to g e t visit permissions, 4 0 patients , w h o h a d worked
together in personal and group agitati on with the two SPK
members and w h o needed very urgently to continue the pro ­
ceeding of thi s re l at i o n which h a d worked as a very efficient
,

therapy for them until now , quite as it w as u s u al for new ­

comers in t h e SPK .

And just one d ay b e fo r e the prospective eviction of the

S P K room s , prospected by the judges w h o h a d worked out this
ev ic t i on order, on 21 July 1 9 7 1 in t h e early morning a n othe r
assault took place, performed by several hundreds of policemen
who rushed u p w i t h submachine guns and d ogs against the SPK
work -rooms which w e h ad strategically left a week ago on
1 3 July whil e spreading messages to pres s , broad c ast and
television and also to every kind of administration ann ouncing,
that the SPK - rooms as w ork - rooms for the patients since that
 40

time were closed for e v e ry b o d y , becau se the d an ger to the

pati e n t s , starti ng from terror and violence executed by th e
p o l i c e , insti gated by the d o c tors a n d supported by the govern ­
m e n t , h a d reached a level w hich was outsi d e of every respon ­
s i b i l i t y an d n o lon ger compatible regard i n g the se curity of any
patient who ever h ad been in any way connected to the SPK
and b e it only by suspi cion of somebod y else ready for d e n u n ­
c i ati on . Meantime 1 0 d w e l l i n g s of patients w e r e searched b y
the p o l i c e once m o r e , m o s t of t h e m not for the first an d not
for the l as t tim e , casted again and again i n chaos and d i s ­
o rd er . 9 more SPK - p atients c ame i n t o prison , ever:t body of them
i n another prison , far away each prison one fr Jm another and
from one end to the other of th e state o f Fl '.J.den -Wiirttemberg,
and in the inner of each of those pri soni> ev ery SPK- p atient
was strictly i sol ated from all the other imprisoned inmates but
therefore always and perm a n e n tl y exposed to police examin a ­
t i o n , m e d i c al i nterrogation and every k i n d of n asty tri ck an d
repre s si on . And also the persecutors had mad e , that 9 of the
1 1 priso n ers h a d lost th eir l awyers : a lawyer of th e imprisoned
SPK - p atients was taken for gu i l ty to h ave favoured h i s clients,
disregardi n g that against th ose cli ents until this moment d id n ' t
exist any c h arge at all . Th e lawyer w as rej ected b y prohibition
e v e ry time if h e trie d to enter the prison i n which was one of
th e SPK m em bers or i f he trie d to establish a contact to them
i n any other w a y . This prohibiti on of d efence was practised
permanently and i n ev ery case of SPK during one month .

Until to the moment in which th is boo k appeared 9 of the

1 1 patients got free , all of the n 01\: condition s , some by bai l .
Quite si gni ficant th e t w o SPK m l'l'lbt.� rs wanted for ri n g - l e aders
from the beginning of SPK are ye: i:' pri s o n , the two Dr. Huber,
physici an and physiologist an d mother of three children the
wife , physician i n rese arch and psychi atrist Dr. Huber h imself
(27 ) .
 41

12.) THE RULING OUTLAW CONDITION (DIE HERRSCHENDE

RECHTLOSIGKEIT) AND THE PATIENTS

Dropped out conc erning all civil rights , patients which we are ,
all power we got consists only in this even fac t . A l l civil
soci ety consi sts basic ally of the connection between possession
and law, for being a p e r s o n . means nothing but the right
to dispose of the things you posses s . The only possession of
which the workman disposes ls his c apacity of w ork .

As 111 persons those ones are defined by the Public He alth who
are incapable to dispose of th e c apacity to work , which is a
c ommodity , whether for some time or forev e r. Having lost their
commodity of w orki n g c apacity ( l abour force , Arbeitskraft ) th ey
also lose all their rights , which they h ad as p osse ssors of an
average commodity of w orkcap acity in th e forme r time , be lt
only in a formal manner, and in any c ase all their rights are
of n o use for th em , b ecause they are practi cally put out of
vigour. The persons who h av e lost their u ltimate possession -
the commo dity capacity of work ( l abour force ) - h av e ceased to
b e " w ithin their rights" ( " Rechtssubj ekte " ) . But from this it
fol l ow s that, if th e right i s u s e d against u s , and this is in
fac t through every time , this right doesn ' t conc ern p e r s o n s
b ut me ets only outlaws (Rechtl o s e ) ! This right h as only to do
with ruins of h u m an b e ings ( M e n s c h e n w rac k s ) w h o i n a c ommo n
sense possess n o k i n d of power, even not about themselves ,
much l ess about others . But a right against somebody w h o is
out of the right ( gegen Rechtl o s e ) i s an absurdity ( Un -Ding) , ls
an illegality ( U n - Recht) about which w e are in n o way allowed
to direct, for i t i sn ' t made for u s at all .

To deprive us from the rooms b e i n g n e c e s s ary for the se lf·­

organizati o n , to deprive u s from all tools and i nstrum ents , to
take away from u s the financial crutch and last not l e ast to
deprive u s from our lives in our eyes can represent nothing
but the c h a l l e nge for se lf- d e fe n c e . And because the depri­
vation from m eans of production and the destruction of life
c o n c erns ev erybody w h o doesn ' t possess something else but th e
commodity of l abou r forc e , all those w h o are expropriated can
only do their right for l i fe in a practical m anner by means of
s e l f - defence i n c o l l ectivity .

Only as persons b e i n g subj e c t e d to the criminal l aw , as th ose

w e are gaining relevance in rights . Our "reh abilitati o n " consists
e x actly in h aving passed from the status of p atients to the
 42

status of convicts resp . to th e status of prisoners on rem an d ,

a n d from th e status of having no rights we objectively h ave
passed to th e status of being relevant within the existing
system of righ t s .

Fortunately th e violent criminals of the uni vers i ty n e v e r d i d

e n t e r in a struggle of competition with th e privilege of t h e
patients to h ave no rights. Quite on t h e con trary . Rector
Rendtorff and his appendage got all things which could be
necessary to keep the p atients aware about their just m e n ­
t i o n e d status In the l atter of which t h e y realized not only
their legitimation for the use of weapons against the ill people ,
but als o the eyesore . But of course it should be quite clear,
that i n any case and with no d oubt th e patients and the uni­
versity are bel onging together. Would n ' t it be so, then , for
heaven ' s sake w h at about the clini c - di r�ctors and their
millions o f w ages and th eir being as fond as possible to remain
w h at they are and what about th eir successors for which they
are th e only aim In the w orld to which they stri v e , passing
over the dead bodies of the pati ents?

The right , as protecting only the Interests of capitalism, is for

the patients every time the same right, whether before or aft e r
the becoming effective of the new univ ersity ' s con stitution
( Grun d o rdnung} , th e university ' s J aw (des Hochschulgesetzes} in
Heidelberg . So far, as they are patients they are not allowed
to ask for anyth i n g . Everybody knows - and in that consi sts
also th e being proud in every kind of dem ocracy - that in the
eye of the law all persons should b e e q u al . Th i s means for
e x ample , that everybody and indeed ev erybody in the frame of
formal righ t ( formalrechtlich } is all owed to commit th e same
actin g - outs ( s i c h genau s o viel h erausnehmen k ann } as does
say M r . A x e l Springer (german newspaper - k i n g of the righti e s ,
the s o - call ed Zeitungszar) ; for concerning t h e l a w s they m u s t
o b e y there h as to be n o difference between Mr. N o b o d y and Mr.
Springer. But th e reality i s quite another one. Certainly not
everybody i s all owed , like does Axel Springer, to fabri cate
I n citement to h atred ( Volksv erhetzung zu betreiben ) best h e ls
abl e , regardless of th e fact that by law of th e fre e - d em ocrati c
state u n d e r th e rule of l aw ( frei h eitlich - d em ok rati scher
Rech tsstaat) e v erybody is turned into an Axel Spri n ger, i f h e
w a n t s s o or n o t : nevertheless only by possibil ity (nur der
Mi:iglichkeit n a ch ) . For In reality all Nobodys remain mere
o bj ects of those Axel Springer as long as they l i v e . Or take
the right of " freedom of e d u cation and researc h " ( " Freiheit fiir
Forschung u n d Lehre " } ; also a right for everybody. Even some
students o c c asionally could make use of it, i f th ey could p ay
 43

th e costs (wenn es der Gel dbeutel erlaub t ) . But m e anwhile, as

everybody knows, this l aw only can be used by the liga of
professors , " l i ga of the fre e dom o f s c i e n c e " ( " B u n d Freiheit d e r
Wissenschaft" ) , directed against the mass of all other persons
who are interested an d involved i n this context.

Quite evident: everybody and be it only formally is situated

within th e laws. Thi s is not so for p atients . Neither at the
university nor somewhere else th ey h av e got a right on treat­
ment . Quite on th e contrary i n some cases they become objects
of th e violence to be treated by force (vaccination , check up
in a h ealth center = " vertrauens" arztliche Untersuchung etc . ) ,
without any possibility constituted b y a law t o exercise any
i nfluence on the contents, ci rcumstances and so on. Everybody
suddenly can fall i n to illness, all are patients by possibility;
you easily can realize that, i f you cast a glance on the social
imposts ( imposture , Sozi al abgaben ) , you are obliged to pay .

This fre e - democratic state under the ru l e of l aw (Rechtsstaat) ,

the necessi ty of w h ich the capitalist management again and
again trie s to j u stify by th e argument that each person as a
such one needs i t for his protection as bitterly as nothing else
- in fact doesn ' t provi d e any protection for those who are
forced to bear i t . In front of a state , which answers the claims
of those who need protection by means o f laws against them , if
they dare to express their claims regardless of all these
matters of fac t , ln front of s u c h a state , w h i c h reacts in s u c h
a w ay against those to w h o m s u c h a state alleges to protect
them , against such a state you need to b e o n your guard !

About the being without of rights of the patients as having

been concretely ex isting and manifest in the SPK:
1) Who l s 111 h as a s o f r i g h t n o business being i n
t h e university ' s c l i n i c . Those peopl e , in t h e s ame w ay
as somewh ere else are at best nothing but tolerated
there . And even that only by restriction and only until
their expropri ators and p arasits can 't realize any
occasion to worry . about them an d only so far, as they
are willing and even yet grateful to bear all w h at the
p arasits will do to them and what seems to b e useful
for the purposes and the plans of the expropri ators .

2) For the medical men in the university ls v alid , that

they are allowed by their chiefs i n the university ' s
management to kick t h e patients o u t of t h e door. This
evaluation of "patient valu e " ( " Krankengu t " ) and oth er
 44

w astes i s , concerning the right i n this state , quite

corre c t .

3) The univers i t y ' s rector is allowed to k i c k the medical

man o u t of the d o o r . If other medical men demand to
the rector to act in this way, other medical men , who
h a v e kicked the patients out of th e door, the rector in
his rights i s n ' t wrong at any rat e .

4) If the d octor brings an acti on against his d i smissal at

the Administrative Court (Kl age gegen seine Entlas s u n g
v or d em Verwaltungsgeri c h t ) c l aiming for th at, what i s
guaranted to him by t h e constitution (im Si n n e e i n e r
Verfassungsklage ) , nothing will be changed conc erning
the few points n oted above 1 ) until 3 ) .

5) I f the patients bring an action about matters of

constitution at the Administrati ve Court (Verwal tungs ­
gerichtsklage im Sinne einer Verfassungsklage lik e :
everybody h a s t o b e protected against attacks able to
h u rt his body} this step doesn ' t matter anyth ing
concerni n g 1 ) untll 3 ) .

But i n s p i te o f this juridical situ ati on , being clear at all , the

governmental administration of cult ( Ministry of e d u cation and
the art s , Kultusministerium ) , as i f i t w ere under compulsion
itself, asked the rector to execute yet more an eviction
senten c e : The patients , after having been kicked out of the
uni versity, h a d successfully struggle d to gain the d omestic
auth ority for other rooms i n the university . In order to break
the resistance of th e pati e n t s , the responsible man agers round
the u n iversity ' s rector recurred to the civil plaint for eviction ,
i n formal manner directed only against Dr. Huber, who h ad
never been willing to accept those university ' s rooms as his
civil property . In thi s behaviour of th e uni versity ' s top ­
man agement you can realize the accumulated lot of cowardli ­
ness i n that they are n o t willing t o pres e n t their odd means to
the eye of public ; but the causes are for sure not psychologic
ones . For the expropri ated population
- w h o i s insulted by those mean s , the ill people of course -
could not d o anythi n g but shake th eir head s . May b e some of
th em w h o have got away their stoppings would ask then : "And
w h at about our ri ghts , nothing but this?" - "To whom belongs
th i s right at all ? . . . For whom l s i t u seful this , our right?" and
at l ast: " How can we protect us in th e most effective way
agai n s t our rights?"
 45

Everybody knows that there i s governed permanently against

the people. But the class stru ggle of all ill people yet has
begun . That the political power of the reaction has to mask it ­
self behind a civil p l aint for eviction , that l s a fact i n which
those circumstances fi n d their nevertheless true expression, be
i t only in a transitory manner. The proletarian dictatorsh ip
(Diktatur des Proletari ats ) aims to get aw ay all c apitalist
relati ons of production an d at the abolition of al l deformation ,
stunting an d crippling performed against human beings . This
proletarian dictatorship therefore aims at things which are from
public interest . This public interest is least of all concerned
by the legal titles of the reacti o n . But all available means of
self- d efence are urgently n e e d e d . The kind of those means of
self- d efence l s d etermi n e d by the violence potentials of the
enemies including all its gaps and breac h e s .

A b o u t university : There is n o need of a n y special effort to

outline now quite clear the form of the conflict:
More and more political ly conscious patients have organi zed
themselves in SPK in order to bri n g the univ ersity forw ard to
its most el ementary purpose, the content of which are the
interests of the populati o n , of proletarian people , determin e d
by l l l n e s s ( u n t e r der Bestimmu n g Krankheit) , w h at means to
make science now : mak e , that n ature and science should work
for everybody . The trial like this represents a breach of l aw in
a double sense : once, because following the university ' s
c on stitu t i on an d u n i v ersity ' s l a w exactly p ati ents h a v e n o
business b ei n g i n univ ersity . Secondly, because i n any case of
urgency which e v i d e n ti c ally for them had happened i n this
cont.ext the min i stry of science and cult by means of sur-·
veilling money and rooms (Fachaufsich t ) h as t o be c arefu l to
stop all scientifi c tendenci e s , if aiming to pick out of n ature
and econ omy a service for e v e rybo d y .

Therefore in ev ery c as e the u n i v ersity w as obliged to c all an

action of bailiffery ( Geri chtsvollziehere i ) and of police against
the demands of the p atients - which could b e as w e l l founded
as possible - reali zing u n i v e r s i ty s auton omy , of course. There
'

was prov i d e d in univ ersity ' s l aw and in univ ersity ' s consti ­
tution that p atients , regardless of th eir notorious status of
being out of l aw , existing anyh ow , less than ever had anything
to d eman d from u n i v e r s i ty . I m a g i n e if you can !
- the cul tu r e
minister should h av e c alled for establishing ( Ei nraumung) the
SPK instead of t h e rem o v a l ( A u s r au m u n g ) , th e university ' s
rector had b e e n obli g e d , m ay b e agai n s t h i s w i l l a n d with
bleeding h e art (blutenden Herzen s ) , to take j uri d i c al action
agai nst the culture minister because of the law, which calls for
 46

univ ersity ' s autonomy . For the univ ersity i s obliged by right
and law to d e fend i ts autonomy against the popul ati on,
especially if i t i s a population d etermined by illness
(Bevolkeru n g unter der Bestimmung Krankh eit) . Th anks to the
eviction - n oti c e this sid ereal hour passed by without h aving
noticed u s , for the university ' s rector was on his guard and
never sent a self- denunci ati on to the court because of having
abused university for the good purpose, to get better living
conditions for all by means of univ ersity or to intend
somethi n g like this . Needs 'the university to serve the mob? For
h e aven ' s sake ! Quite on the contrary ( umgekehrt wird ein
Schuh draus ) : the mob i s good, if h e serves the economy , to
submit himself to the n atural violence of the State machine
which acts quite ch aritably by pistol s , cudgel s , by drug­
polsons and electrosh ocks ( d er Pobel unterwerfe slch der
Naturge w a l t , dem pistolenziehenden , knilp pelschwingen d en ,
Tablettengift u n d Elektroschocks wohltatlg verteilenden
Staatsapparat ! ) ! This w ay of probl em- solving, the way of the
expropriators , pure extract ( quintessenc e , Quintessen z ) of all
their l aw s , simply i s made i n a generally accepted w ay (ist
schlechthin allgemeingUltig ) .

The situation i s a bad on e , h a v i n g developed from the

surv i v al - struggl e of the pati ents , which thanks to th e violence
- apparen tly comi n g to light - applied against the patients by
medicine, university ' s managemen t , State government and law
made i t possibl e , to unmask a quite absurd system because of
the " fortunate " coming together of all those power- c ompon ents,
agai n s t w h i c h everyone n e e d s to preserve and to protect h i m ­
self u s i n g every kind of means b e i n g a t hands . There exists a
highly organ i zed society with all possibilities of which this
union can d ispose . A n d on th e other hand there exists a
structure of violen c e , opposite to the s o cial unit, a violence
which has the appearanc e of right on his s i d e . This appearance
is of essential importanc e for the violen c e , i n order to feign ,
that violence could be mistaken so as if it were " n ature " which
can be applied to anybody regardless of every kind of pre ­
caution . Therefore violence takes the m ask of right and j u sti c e ,
n amely the m a s k of a right and of a j usti c e , which this
violence itself h as created , being based only on its efficiency.
Revolutionary violence quite on the con trary i s u sefu l only if
i t serves to protect th ose w h o appl y it. Revolutionary violence
i s applied by a human bei n g , while reactionary violence stands
behind an only s o - called righ t . Right and violence don ' t ori ­
gin ate from the h ea d s of human beings , but they origin ate from
capital i s t relations of producti o n ( k apitalisti s c h e n Produktions­
verh liltnissen ) . Revolution ary violen ce i n contrary origi n ates
 47

from sufferin g · w h i ch h as turn e d into consciousness and w h i c h

now t a k e s the s ame p l a c e which was formerly occupied b y a
c r i p p l i n g , patiently suffered b e c a u s e of b e i n g e xcl u d e d from
consciousness , but being now turned into relations , knowledge
and tool s , us eful to protect i ts owner and u s efu l to pull
forward the necessary evolution of collective practice
( k o l l e k tiver Prax i s ) .

What is right in the capitalist System i s only that, what fi lls

the abyss between population and university with the dead
c orpses of those ones who, without a c l e ar consciousness , did
express their passive resistance against capitalist l abour, the
university being unable to get th em repaired , ready and
adapted to be killed and overkilled in the one or the other
kind of c apitalist final solution ( kapitalistischer EndlOsung;
frilher Auschwitz - Gaskammern z . B . ) .

In SPK ' s h i story the rul ing right being violence by form and
structure one could realize as follows: i n order to d estroy the
self- organ ization of p atients m ainly th e managers of the
h e alth - system brought into action against the sick persons the
followi n g compu lsive acts and violences using and abusing t h e i r
juridically masked rule of grammar ( ru l e of speech , Sprach ­
regelung ) : " Dismissal without notice and off limits concerning
the scientifi c assistant Dr. Huber as an offi c i al and as a
member of the c l i n i c " until n ow :

1) Deprivation of the patients regardless of their being

human ruins without any right in the view of their
enemie s , based on capitalist forms of production by
means of a " free " general practising with its p o s s i ·­
bilitles of c ommon profi t -maximatlon u seful only for t h e
involved physici an , mean time deprivin g the patients
from all advantages they h ad gai n e d and defe n ded by
struggling in the privileged Policlinic for the real
consequences of a unconstrai n e d prescription , to torture
patients w i th b i l l s , all patients being now allowed to
require or to refuse mod ern medical methods (as e . g . X ­
rays, electrical di agnosti c s o f brain a s electro­
enceph alograms, l aboratory methods and s o on ) - being
now again off limits for the pati en t s , again by means of
the just mentioned pseud o -juridical formula concerning
Dr. Huber, but instead of all these advantages now the
" offering" o f a " free" general practising as a j ust more
tasteful thi ng if i t could be, in the eyes of rector
Rendtorff, submitted to a " curatorium" ( board ) of
university ' s members, some kind of c J u b which , for the
 48

rest n ever had come together to con stitute itself, a

" curatorium" which is even as a j u ridical matter of fact
a complete n onsense , for being in no way provi ded with
th e basic laws ( Grundord n u n g ) of the university .

From all the beginning u n i v ersity ' s bu reau cracy aimed

at the end to borderlin e the self- organizati o n of the
pati e n ts as a disturbant factor repressing it beyond the
walls of university in ord er to expose an d to deliver it
d i rectly to the executive violences of publ i c h e alth
d e p artment ( h e alth - police = Gesundheitspolizei ) , guar­
dianship- c ou rts and to every kind of policemen . All
these measures of universi ty ' s bureau cracy being se­
c o n d e d by d i ffaming c ampaigns of the practi sing neuro ­
logists , w h o aimed a t , on t h e o n e hand t o i nstigate the
public h e alth d e p artmen t to make some more attacks
against the SPK and who, o n the other han d , aimed at
seizures against single patients in order to get them
again under their "private" violence o f disposition .

Dismissal without n otice and ban from th e house ( fri st­

lose Entlassung und Hausverbot) therefore aimed at the
end to create a s i t u a t i o n agai n s t the patients , i n which
there remain e d for them only the tw o possibilitie s ,
e i t h e r to become crushed by th e millstones of a " free "
medical practice o r b y those ones o f the university ' s
psychi atry showing the s a m e crush a n d t h e same bruise
from both of the millston e s .

2) By the s u d d e n breaking off o f the impolsoning treatment

with psych oph armaca, u nobj ec ti onable only with regard
to the ruling rel ations, the most important entran c e ­
d o ors w e r e w i d ely o p e n e d to d eath , for s i n c e m o s t an ­
cient times b l oo d - circul ation and respirating fun ctions
are commonly taken for the " atri a mortis " ( entran c e ­
d oors for death ) an d t h e y a r e defined as s u c h ones; and
· the sudden withdrawal of medicaments is always closely
related to the d anger of a s o - c alled withdrawal­
d ellrium (Entzugsdellr) menaced by death i n the form of
a break - d own of circ u lation and respiration ( 28 ) .

3) v . Baeye r , Hafn er etc . , w h o put themselves on airs as

j u d ges about the criminals of physicians d uring the
n azi - re gime ( 2 9 ) handled "those past times " in such a
way , th at they hurried up the most sick and war­
d amaged patients , who had asked them for medicaments ,
prescri b e d by Dr. Huber, from In stitution to office and
 49

from offi c e t o institution , exposing th ose p atients by

this to bodily most d an g e r o u s strain .

4) Starving out (March u n ti l July 1 9 7 0 an d December 1 97 0

until July 1 9 7 1 t h e necessary money w a s withheld from
the patients) an d for years ( 1 9 7 0 ti l l 1 9 7 1 ) pe rm a n e ntly
repeated menace of forced lock out.

5) Sui c i d e = murder (Selbs t mor d = M or d ): Internal bleeding

to d e ath by crash from the top of a tower ( 3 1 ) , the
more " h umanisti c " murder by impoisoning pills being
blocked by the situ ation created from the enemy ' s sid e .

Thursd ay before Easter (Holy Th u r s day Griln d onn ersta g )

,

in the year 1 9 7 1 i n a forest near H e i d elberg there w a s

foun d the dead body of a female SPK - patien t on the
p edestal of a tower . From the autopsy resulte d : death
by i n ternal bleeding out. From the p o l i c e - report re ­
sulte d , that there had been distributed on the scene of
cr i m e quite a lot of p i l l s , nevertheless n either the
post-mortem examination nor special forensic exam:lna­
tions could achieve to approve b e i t only th e v estige of
using pills . And from that i t became quite clear there ­
fore , that the pills by the now dead female SPK- patient
h ad not been i nj e cted , hut quite on the contrary r1e­
j e c te d before dying (nicht geschluckt, sondern ver-·
w o rfen ) . Th e l a b o u r forc e , w h i c h is a commod ity ( K .
M arx ) , t h a t h ad ceased to b e sol d , had been brought to
an end by being s h attered .
(The crimin al investigation department had taken down
at the e n d of their report as a conc lusion , that th e
death of the girl never and in no way could h av e been
caused by any other person else ) .

6) The organized patients had to suffer h e aviest loads

caused by encroachments from enemy ' s side as there
were open terror , d efamation against patients , poliee­
s p i e s , menace by murder, w h i c h had support from as
secre t as powerful forc es (32) - th e police almost d i d n ' t
c are about a murder-menace against th e main functi o ­
n ary of medical tasks i n S P K ( Morddrohungen gegen d e n
arztlic h e n Funktionstrager Dr. Huber), w h i c h t h e parents
of a SPK patient who were n amely known to th e pol i c e ,
- ,

casted b y telephone or by letters , murder - menaces

which seemed in a quite surprising and unusual manner
in the eyes o f the police not even d etermined be i.t
only to emerge in their " fi l es " , for none of the l awyers
 50

l ater o n could fin d only a trial o f them i n those " fi l es " .

A n d the same happened about those documents of
ministri e s , of corrupt medical men and so on , which had
served to prepare the h ere mentioned murder-menace
an d defamatory c ampaign s .

Doing a summary based on th e analysis of t h e power inter­

action i n this context there results and there remains the
following:

There i s nothing else behind the facade of our enemies, behind

their fron t , which seems to be in reality quite perfect and
untaintable as well in j u ridical as in economi c view, n oth ing
but d estru cti o n , destruction of the tissues and of the stick
together of human beings , destru ction which can be measured
in volt, tox i c al units , meterkiloponds and c al ori es or joules .
This reality of economy and righ t got to be proved i n a double
view . Once by its e ffects , which h av e been taken down in the
upper section i n each point, yet neverth eless far away from
pretending to aim at a complete summary . On the other hand
the proof of our conclusion is situated in the fac t , that w e
had set u p our c l aim for t h e basic n ecessary support i n order
to ful fi l our s c i e n ti fi c a l l y a s s u r e d , urge n tly n e c e s s ary a n d
usefu l tasks and our claims on rights to all obliged addresses
quite u rgently a n d again and agai n . The apparatus of violenc e ,
which they h av e d i rected against u s , presented to u s t h e only
one fac e to consist of nothing but of d estructi v e violence
again s t human l i fe , destructive violence apt to be measured i n
v o l t , toxi c al u n i ts , meterkilopon d a n d calories and jou les . A fter
having attack e d this violen c e , n o longer u n d e r the sign ature of
right b u t under the claim of l i fe , so e . g . by means of the
hunger- stri k e i n Febru ary 1 9 7 0 an d by means of occupating
the offi c ial appartments of the u n i v ersi ty ' s rector in July 1 9 7 0
(Rektoratsbesetzun g ) we h a v e earn e d not only o u r righ t , but
also and i n th e same way nearly w i th o u t any trouble else the
money from which they h ad deprived u s u p to this moment.

Thus there exists neither a right for n or a right against ill

people (Kran ke ) . Rather there exists only violence ( Gewalt)
again s t b u t just as w e l l also violence for sick peopl e . Wh at is
called right i s nothing but the d e stru ctive violence (Zer­
storungsgewalt ) , i f w e l e t it h ave the en emy . Revolutionary
violence is the right for o n e ' s protection of l i fe against
d e structi o n . Ill people got n o rights ( Kran ke h aben k e l ne
Rechte ) . Therefore it is intolerab l e from the view of right, that
they organize i n plen ums , that they, being struck , start a
c ontrol against brak e d murder (illness) or and at least that
 51

they form a mass-organization aiming a t the end t o abolish

illness (Krankheit ) as a productive power (force of producti o n )
for t h e c apital i sm , for i t ' s only illness w h i c h i n t h e isles o f
w e alth (in d e n Wohlstan dsinse l n ) pulls forw ard production and
c onsumption and therefore , and w h at is the same thi n g , also
the profit busin ess (das Profi tgeschaft) by mass murder
(wholesale murder, Massenmord ) i n each p art of the worl d .
 52

THIS TEXT IS BUT A BEGINNING . . .

IV About the Method of SPK

1 3.) A GITATION BEING THE IMPLICATION O F "THERAPEUTIC" ,

SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL WORK

The n e c essity to grip and to handle the economi c , sociologi c ,

psychologic an d a l s o the medical an d political el ements
(Momente ) which are i n v o l v e d in the r e a 1 i t y o f
i 1 1 n e s s this n e cessity is i n d espensab l e , if there h as to be
,

solved the problem how to o r g a n i z e t h i s p r a c t i c e

( P r a x i s ) . " T herapeuti c " , scientific and p olitical w ork
con stitute an d d e termine one anoth e r . Firstly we h ad succeeded
i n proving th at the categorial system (Kategorialsystem ) of
radical d i alectics and of the political econ omy of Marx com­
bined with the progressive e l ements of psych o - analysis were
among all methods the o n 1 y o n e ( d l e Meth o d e ) ( 3 3 )
which work e d and after this success h ad become quite clear by
experi e n c e w e stepped forward in socializing of alJ tools which
seemed to be necessary in this context an d this socialization
( di e s e Sozi alisierung der Methode und der d aftir notigen Werk ­
zeug e ) took place and was a function of personal ( Einzel - ) and
group agitation and of our scientific working meetings for
agitation ( wlssenschaftliche Arbeltskrei se ) , the l atter three
regardi ng the re spective contents closely combined and tied to
the d i alectic meth o d . Th e sprin g - u p of those forms can be
regard e d as bein g historic ally determ i n e d by the progress and
the devel opment of SPK at the University of H e i d elberg and the
specifi c condition s there . D u e to this m atter of fact there may
follow in consequence of the one o r the other case that one
cannot expect that every type of socialist self- organization in
the follow - u p will start an d develop i n rather the same manner
(. .. und nlcht ohne wei teres auf andere sozt al l stische Selbst­
organisatlonen il bertragbar ) . Therefore i t will be the task of
 53

other soci alist self- organization groups t o examine our state ­

ments about illness as a productive force (force of prod uction ,
Pro duktivkraft ) , as an e c onom i c and p ol i t i cal factor ( O k o n o ­
m i s c h e und politische Gro � e ) , but nevertheless t h i s examination
can only start from self- practising u n d er the definition of
illness (unter der Bestimmu n g Kran k h e i t ) , fo l l o w i n g the
n e cessities (Bedilrfnisse) of ill people there, who n e e d to be
able , regarding the c o n t en ts of our prin ciples and meth o d s , to
develop them once more as being demanded by their specifi c
situation related to the circumstances t h e r e and to w ork o u t
t h o s e o n e s i n the respective w ay . All t h i n g s w e h ave elabora­
ted in this document are nothing but th e e xpression of what
the patients of the SPK Heidelberg, the first patients ' self­
organization in the BRD and ( as far as we k n o w ) i n the worl d ,
h ave worked o u t during t h e o n e an d a h alf y e ar o f their
collective practising (. . . kollektiver Prax i s ) . The reading and
studying of these explan ations , w h i c h has to be done by
collective discu ssion in a col l e c t i v e frame aims at the end to
develop the self- organization of ill people further on in order
to become a revolution ary political power ( e l n e revolutionare
politische Kraft ) i n the sense of multi - focal expansi onism ( . . .
i m S i n n e des Multi - Fokalen Expansionismus vo ra nt reiben ) .

14.) LONELINESS, DETAILS, "OBJECTIVITY" , OPINIONS

Atomized and relativeless patients in SPK turn e d into c o ­

operators ( M itarbeiter) - principle cooperati o n . From the b e ­
ginn i n g i t w a s s e l f - e v i d e n t for e v ery patient t h a t t h e contents
o f p ersonal and group agitation could b e from i nterest only for
those w h o w e re imme d i ately involved (members of personal agi ­
t at i o n , g r ou p a g i t at i o n ) regardi n g t h e troubl es of everyon e as
,

b e ing quite spec ific problems of everybody i n v o l ve d and re ­

garding also t h e respectively combined n e c e s s i t i e s being i mme ­
diate wants t h em s elve s : based on the prin c i p l e , that t h o se
" personal" problems w ere to be worked o u t obj e ctivized und
,

generalized ( b e arbeitet, obj e k t i v i ert und verallgemeinert) and

not - as it l s u s u al elsewhere - t o b e exploited and misused
( au s ge s c h l ac h t e t ) as a material for gossip ( Ge s c h w at.z ) , comp e ­
tition an d moral sentencing against s i n g l e person s . B y prac ­
t i s i n g t h i s princ i p l e as an imperi o u s prerequisite for all going
forw ard o f the agitation processes i n a progre ssive direction
 54

us eful for each one o f the patients w e achieved t o work out in

a collecfive man ner a c l e ar consciousness about the dial ectics
o f all those d etails (phenomena = Erscheinungen ) and of th e i r
m ost general s p a n an d e s s e n c e ( d e s umfassenden Ganze n )
(Wesen ) .

Singulari ties being presented i n a quite abstract form ( d i e

Abstraktheit der Einzelheite n ) , be it symptoms and d a t a -
fei gned to be " free of v alu e " ( " wertfre i " , mean s : merely
obj e c t i v e ) and to b e regarded and classified in a more or less
unrelated manner or which are high - h anded an d following a
certain situation of interests , represented by d i agn osing
doctors , newspapermen , " scientists " , who put them into pre ­
formed contexts , which look like laws and rules - i t is this
abstractivity of singul arities in which consists indeed the l i fe ­
and truth - inimical labelling scheme o f t:r:aditional medici n e , the
" o bj ectivity " of n ewspaper reports and the positivism of the
jurists and "scientists " . All " o bj ectivity" in mass media affirms
again and again th at the s i n gl e person in all his acti ng out i s
nothing b u t an " obj e ct " d etermined to nothing b u t to perform
his role and that all facts are subj ect to the interests of
agents of profit progress (Agenten d e r Profitmaximieru n g ) and
of c apital accumulation only in order to be inserted and ti ed
to a c ertain categorial system . The s o - called obj ectivity in
mass media is a repressi n g tool of c apitalism . Thi s s o - called
obj ectivity i s marked by a seeming separation of opin i on and
interest on th e one h and and of activities (Tatsachen ) and
facts (past activiti e s ) on the oth e r h an d . The differen ce
between opinion an d fact is ruled and govern ed and is to b e
d etermined in a n y case by the opinion -makers wh o b e l o n g t o
the agen cy of c apital i sm . Thereby the actions (Tats achen ) , th e
facts are torn out of their obj ectiv e , h i storic and social c on ­
texts a n d connections (Zusammen h an g e ) i n order t o b e presen ­
ted to an abstract " pu b l i c area " ( " Offentlichkeit" ) in a form ,
w h i c h l acl< s any specific mark of th eir facticity (Faktizitat ) , of
their h av i n g been worked out, of their having become a mere
c ommodity- produ ct (Produ ziertseins ) , prepared to be presented
to the public people as what they call w i th quite a lot of
pri de " th e naked fac t s " ( " nackte Tatsachen " ) . If w e happen to
meet somebody who says to us: "hence w e only have to con ­
s i d e r quite dispassionately only the true facts" , then it is
quite clear for us, that w e have happened to meet a person ,
w h o either h a s been made completely stup i d , hopeless of all
being possibly recovere d , or i t ' s a person w h o i s a c riminal
subj e c t of common d anger.
 55

The opinions w h i ch are suggested t o the reader, t o the listener

or to the spectator, are mask e d as if they w ere a common
truth which h as got its signifi c at ion and its importan ce by the
title and by the fame of the one w h o expresses t h e respective
opinion , l ab e l l e d n o w to be connected to an " auth ority in fi eld
and fac ulty " ( " S ac h - u n d Fach autoriUit " ) .

The " little man " ( 3 4 ) t h e n i s urged t o express his opm1 o n . The
s o - c al l e d constitutional right of free d o m o f opinion (Freihedt
d e r Meinungsliu{3eru n g ) i s nothing but c o ercion ( electi o n s ,
o p i n i o n research ) , is n o t h i n g b u t v i o lence against a nobody
(Besitzlosen ) , for what i s enforc ed i n the c as e of opinions is
only the interest o f those w h o p o s s e s s the commanding power
about the means o f production (Produktionsmittel ) . A s long as
the opinions o f t h e " l ittle man " remain only opinions and
nothing else , the c ommand ers of within the capitalist System
like the Flick and Abs may look v ery peacefu l l y down on those
o p i n i o n s w h i ch c an ' t i n n o w ay become d angerous for the
establi s h e d System . Therefore there h a s t o b e developed fi rstly
a collective co n sci ousness out o f the desp erate opinions w ith
their lack of e ffi c i e n cy at all . A th ought only remains to be
nothing but only an i d e a or a the o ry as l o n g as it is situated
only in o n e or in sev eral heads which have nothing to d o with
one another (Der Gedanke bleibt nur s o l an ge Th e o r i e , als er
nur i n einem o d e r in w e n i ge n , voneinander isolierten Kopf•m
1st ) . But situated in a lot of heads , wh at means in persons w h o
talk t o one a n o t h e r (Kommu n i zi e r e n d e r ) a n d w h o w o r k together
( Koo p e ri e r e n d e r ) this o n e thought yet h as achi e v e d to be
,

turned into a practice ( i s t er schon Praxis ) .

1 5. ) DYATIC (PERSONAL) AGITATION AND GROUP AGITATION

(EINZELAGITATION UND GRUPPENAGITATION)

Th e personal agitati on (which h ere i s defi n e d as dyatic

agitati on because only t w o persons are immediately involv e d )
takes its orientation in t h e necessities which come to
expression and which are problems and tro u bl e s , complaints
(Beschwerden ) an d diffi c ulti e s within the respective one
patient, s i tuated i n his person ality and to b e determined th ere
regarding their specifi c manner, just as those n e c essiti e s ,
pr o blems a n d s o o n repre sent themselves to h i m and j u s t in
 56

that way i n w h i ch they are p erformed by h im i n h i s l angu age ,

s p e c i a l l a n gu age and in h i s specifi c way expressed a n d o ffered
by him. By means of personal agi tati on t h e way in w h i ch th e
materials are repre s e n t e d by the pati e n t ( b e i t : some k i n d o f
i n h i bition - or acting ( ag i e re n ) - t h e form - i s as w e l l
m a t e r i a l t o b e c arri e d o u t by the in teracting p e r s o n s (Agita­
t i o n s p artn e r ) as the s p e c i fi c materials and c o n t e n t s w h i c h are
express e d , b e i n g combined to the fo rm wh ich ls given to them
by the patient expressing them .

In gro u p agi tation it i s n o t primarily a parti cular pati e n t wh o

is fo c u s s e d u po n . What i s concerned in group agitati o n , h as to
b e fix e d by the grou p h erself as a w h o l e c o l l e c t i v e matter, but
thereby a l w ays must rule t h e pri n c i p l e that h e or s h e w h o
s e ems t o b e t h e w e a k e s t m e m b e r i n t h e group i n a n y way l s
t h e o n e t o w h o m all ori e n tation i n e very proc e e d i n g of group
agitati o n has to b e d i rected to (. . . dal3 sich die Grupp e n ­
agitati o n stets am schw�chsten G l i e d d e r Gruppe zu orl enti eren
h at ) . H e n c e i n group agi tati o n the form - the group pro ce ss as
such one (der G ruppen prozel3 als Ganzer) - serves as the pre ­
dominating e l em e n t . T h e w e a k e s t member of a group in agi t a ­
t i o n n e v e rth e l e s s i s not n e c e ssarily the o n e person w h o says
almo s t n o t h i n g o r who s p e a k s never at a l l . On the c o n tr a ry it
i s equ ally possibl e , that w h o e v e r t a l k s v ery much is th e
w e a k e s t member, try i n g to a v o i d revealing hi s true problems to
oth e r m e m b e rs of t h e group or that he or s h e is th u s attemp t ­
i n g to h i d e h i s i n ab i l i ty to rel ate to othe rs , b o th from t h e m
a n d from hims elf/h ers el f ( . . . s i c h m i tzutei l e n , v o r s i c h un d
d e n and ern v erb ergen w i l l ) . H e or s h e t a l k s a b o u t a l l other
th ings a n d god a n d t h e world , to express that o n l y thing which
h e regards t o b e the most important fo r him, h i m s e 1 f as a
phenomenon u n s e lzabl e b e c a u s e consisti n g of an error commonly
pro d u c e d by the capital i s t System which never can pro d u c e
n e i th e r a " s e l f" n o r a " h im " .

Furth e rm o r e i n personal agitation i t i s the group process

( Gruppen prozel3 ) w h i c h has t o b e worked out as an obj ect i n
ord e r to bec ome a clearly understood and grasped o n e , that
m e a n s that all the anx i e t i e s , inhibitions and resi stan ces whi ch
h av e ari s en i n connection w i th group agitation i n the single
on e person h a v e t o b e w ork ed out and well u n d erstood ( b e ­
griffen ) duri n g the fol l o w i n g personal agitations . B u t what
served as the basic backgro u n d of in terpretati o n for all the
d i ffi c ulties o f the single person was i n no case a scheme of
the tradi tional psychi atri c - psych o - analytic coordinating system
(Bezugssystem ) which represents nothing but some social
factors l i k e family, work i n g conditions and so on , about which
 57

ev erybody a t the first glance seems t o b e convinced that they

must b e take n for absolute factors vali d in all eternity , but
quite on the contrary what i n our w ork h ad to serve as an
interpreting frame like such had to be nothing but the real
c h anges which h ad been achieved by the collective and which
h ad to be followed in achieving furth er on .

For ev ery new patient personal agitati on w a s the first step

which h e did togethe r with a well experi e n c e d oth er p atient of
the collecti v e , well experienced in medical functions an d
methods (ilrztl i ch er Funktion strager) . The fi rst e x amination
served to get k n o w l e d g e about common medical and psych i atri c ­
neurologic interests as w e l l as to serve for mutual in form ation
between the n e w c oming and the experienced p atient ( zwischen
Patient u n d ilrztli c h em Funktionstrager) regardin g as well the
motivations of the patient as the working style of the patients '
collective . There was aspired to that, if at all possibl e , all
people should take part as well i n a personal agitation as in a
group agitati o n ; if there was w an t , there w e re founded new
groups ( max . 1 2 patients ) . In any case there should be on
principle n o group agitati ons without the possibil ity for every
member to use an d to experi e n c e equ ally personal agitations .

SPK worked during all the s e v e n d ays a w ee k . A l l around th e

clock experi e n c e d p atients w ere present i n the w ork - rooms,
ready and w i l l i n g to accept ev erybody w h o c am e or claimed by
teleph o n e t o them . That i s to say t h a t ev ery b o d y could come
and go e v ery time for there d i d n ' t exist any special consulti n g
h o u r , a n d als o i n group a n d personal agitati ons an d i n the
scientific study grou ps there w e re always some e x p e ri e n c e d
p atients present for intervention i f there e v entually emerged a
crisis or some other want or n e e d . Day and n i g h t an d every
time Dr. Huber, n o w patien t , most experien c e d in all medical
and psychi atri c fu nctions could b e a s k e d also by telephon e . For
n e w c om ers among the p ati ents there d i d n ' t exist anymore any
o f the unproductive w aiti n g peri o d s : th e same d ay they c ame to
SPK for the first time they could b e accepted there . On
prin ciple there was accepted everyb o d y . Conditioned by the bad
situ ation of psychi atry the main emphasis of th e newcoming
p atients w a s put on such ones w h o :

1) because o f their bad economic s i tu ation cou ld not afford

a treatment by a practi sing specialist ( n i e dergelassenen
Fach arzt) o r who respectively had had a such o n e yet -
b e it for e x am p l e in m e ntal h ospital s ,
 58

2) patients who had been rej e cted b y State in stituti ons

( policlinic and oth ers ) or patients who had been
confronted with wai t - l ists of h alf a year or more and
who had therefore been imm e d i ately sent to us by a
nurse or by other persons there , whether because of
compassion or some other motiv ation and

3) patients who because o f th eir political con viction and

because of their experiences had learn ed that it was
best for them to abolish without exception every kind
of therapy whether represented by ln stituti or.s or
medical persons .

A l l group agitations took place once a week , vindicated to

every time the same d ay and the same hour and fixed to the
same room and they w ere l imited to th� max imum of two h ours.

In each agitation group there were some patients who already

had experience in agitative proceedings ( a gltatorischer Proze� )
for at least three months Those patients c o u l d be regard ed in
.

th e sense of multi - focal expansionism ( Multi - Fo k al e m

Expansionism u s ) as a focus i n th e in terior of S P K e a c h o f
them , those w h o at first all forms of e x pression of o t h e r grou p
members , expressi ons , which had only reached the level of
being phenomen a , n ow could w ork out to b eing clearly con ­
ceived ( a u f den Begriff brachten ) , meanwhi l e they themselves
l e arn ed on th e other h and to grasp the group as a focus and
germ i n al n u cl eus assembling and bringing togeth er their own
expressions and acti vities to a point from which increasingly
could arise warmth - activity . Th i s was a getting on proceeding
i n reciprocity (ein fortschreitender wechselseitiger Proze� ) .
Based o n this met.hod there was n o chance given to any role of
traditional grou p dynamism ( k eine gruppendynamischen Rol l e n )
to ari s e wh ether o n l y d e v e l o p e d or e v e n fi xed ( m e an s : n o
h i erarchy at al l , i f a method like t h a t i s appli e d ) .

P e rs o n a l a g i t a t i o n s ( E i n z e l a g i t a t i on e n )
were arranged between the m embers in agitation ( A gitati ons ­
p artn er) v o l u n taril y and fol l owing their necessities once a week
or for several times , i f th ey h a d time enough . Again it were
the n e c e ssiti e s an d th e symptoms of th e very pati ent and also
th e time w h i ch both m embers in agitation were able to save ,
w h o h a d a l s o to be aware of the wants of other patients , l f
one of t h o s e l atter persons happened to be fond of d o i n g him ­
self person al agitation with one of the both members w h o
already w ere engaged in the reciprocal proceeding i n agitation ,
 59

that all the n amed factors enabled everybody to take p art i n

the decision about the d uration o f the pers o n a l agitation s .

In t h e s t u d y g r o u p s ( A r b e i t s k r e i s e n ) , which had
to d o with scientific m atters all patients gradually could
require certain thou ghts of theoretic knowledge to enable to
make them skil lful enough to start every kind of personal
agitation regardless of the respective person w h o asked them
for a personal agitati o n . The average duration of time , which
was n ecessary for a patient to get the abilities to seize some
kind of " activati n g " function regarding personal and group
agitation a s well as the study groups occupied by scientifi c
matters , was about three months at l e a s t , in every case
depending on the interest and the p artic i p ation of the involved
patient . And thus w e also succeeded in receiving more and
more patients and meanwhile the rus h had become a bigger one
from d ay to day.

Shortly b efore o u r medical enemies an d the police by their

assaults succeeded i n stopping our work there w ere about fiv e
hundred patients who bel onged to t h e S P K and nevertheless b y
means of the here d e s cribed w ay i n agitation t h o s e five
hundred pati ents h a d achieved to settle up a receiving­
capacity for m o re than fiv e h u ndred patients more now . But
despite all adv antage s , proceedings and succeedings also th e
l ack of rooms and money was going to b e a more and more
urg e n t problem from d ay t o day . Every tim e , if there was group
agitation it was made possible for each one to put 5 DM into a
common cashbox , 1f h� wanted and could d o it (the costs of a
group th erapy as u s u al a patient h ad to p ay in univ ersity at
those times w ere at l east 6 0 DM ) . These funds were submitted
to the coll ective control by all patients , during the only first
weeks after the SPK had started w it h his work and resistanc e ,
in order to provi d e n othing but t h e means to b u y some expen ­
sive medicaments which only a few p atients were not yet able
to miss because of having become adapted to them by h ospital
or other d o ctor s and therefore being menaced n ow by heavy
cri s i s . A n d also this fun d s l ater on h ad to serve more and
more to pay for the costs of our public work , the only weapon
we had at those times to struggle against our aggressors in the
Fac u l ty of Medicine , in th e culture ministry and in the
management of the univ ersity .

The study w ork assemblies (Arbeitskreise ) of SPK took place

regularly once a week i n the rooms of SPK at fi xe d times . They
lasted at least two hours and there took part among 1 O or
30 patients . Everybody could come , that means that also came
 60

p e r s o n s t h e r e w h o wer e n o members o f SPK . During the last

w e e k s of SPK th ere w ork e d 1 4 w ork - groups , everyon e being
o c c u pi e d t o w o rk out a d i fferent s c i entifi c matter ( 3 5 ) .

1 6.) FUNCTIONS IN SPK, COMMONLY CALLED " CASE WORK "

While agitatio n continu e d i n the SPK th e re were also d i ffi ­

culties to be res o l v e d w h i ch commo n l y are taken for such o f
" c ase w o rk " , but w h i c h i n the c o n t e x t o f S P K s e r v e d only t o
compl ete agitati on : w h eth er a r e a l h el p i n resolving c ompart ­
men t - or f am i ly probl ems ; or e . g . arranging pro b l e m s of couples
or of m atrimony by visiting the involved partn ers in their
homes an d talking to th e m ; baby - s itting w h i l e the related
p arents w ere gainfully employed or c o l l aborated i n the SPK ;
probl e m - s olving agitatio n with parents or husbands of SPK
members , whose parents or husbands h ad refused t o enter SPK .
Th e d i ffi c ulti e s to w o rk out in most of the c a s e s concerning
t h e i r e x t e n d a n d their c o n tents h ad b e e n c a u s e d and d eter­
m i n e d d e c isively by the rabb l e - ro u s i n g aspersion in press a n d
bro a d c a s t w h i c h from t h e st art h a d a c c ompanied the d e v el o p ­
m e n t o f S P K d i rected agai n s t t h e patients a n d caused b y the
Faculty of Medicine of t h e u n i v ersity and by t h e culture
ministry o f govern m e n t. . To the extern works and functi o n s o f
SPK also b e l o n g e d the o ccasi o n al h e l p for pupils and students
( c l a s s work s , examin ati o n s ) by m e a n s of c o ac h i n g s , a h elp for
th e v ictims of t h e established suppressing mech anisms in the
subj e c t - factories ( Untertan e n fabri k e n ) as there are s c h o o l and
u n i v e rsity, provocating s ometimes h e av y situations of need and
danger i n our e x p e rien c e .

But i n th e beginning o f th e S P K it h ad n o t y e t been p o s s i b l e

to exercise works l i k e t h a t in an i nstitution alized mann e r ,
b e c a u s e th e u n i v ersity ' s h e admastership by th e failed c ontract
" c ompromi s e " ( " Kompromi� " ) i n February 1 9 7 0 i n d e e d had
assured to pay the costs which s h o u l d become n e c e s s ary to
settle u p some c a s e - w o rk fun c t i o n , but n e verth e l e s s then
refused to fu l fi l this promi s e just as w el l as th e h e a d ­
mastership of uni v ersity from t h e start of t h e patients'
c o l l e cti v e n e v er h ad ful filled h i s prom i s e of w arranting free
prescripti o n , respectively q uit e on the contrary had rather
actively s a b otaged all n e c ess ities like th o s e , acting in a
 61

common plot and always a s an accomplice o f the Faculty of

Medicin e .

But SPK which intensifi e d h i s progres s in practising agitation

achieved to get beyond it, for the c all for a help like that in
most of the patients very rapidly could b e reduced, especially
by the fact, that those ones who were afflicted in such a kind
of crisis management ( Kriseninterventi on ) l e arn e d by experience
in a very concrete and sensual manner th at there was dealt
with nothing but solely a crisis managemen t .

A n d thus the " c as e - work " functions ( d i e " sozialarbelterischen "

Funktionen) of the SPK were progressively turned into agitation
by the SPK by e x t e r 1 o r 1 t a t i n g them (in A gitation des
SPK n a c h a u (3 e n ) ; that means that the p atients despite
their situation at home and i n family as well as at their
places of work were ready an d had got well prep ared to get
along whether with their lessors and n eighbours or with other
members of their family and their colleagues and in additi.on
they also becam e prepared to agitate independently and w ith
much e fficiency in their surroundings .

In this w ay the principle of multi - focal exp ansionism ( d as

Prinzip des Multi - Fokalen Expansionismus ) became a fact in
reality , and i n doing i t everybody amongst the p atients becam e
a focus in t h a t d o u b l e sense , to b r i n g himself i n t o the focus
an d to be meanwhile a h e arth ( als Bren n p u n k t u n d als Herd } :
a s a f o c u s o f all social contradictions which are expressed
in the respective res i d e n c e , family and place of work ; a s a
h e a r t h of revolutionary consciousness and revolution a ry
activity transforming into c o n s c i o u s n e s s th o s e contradictions
a n d getting them to a h e ad by agitative practising ( durch
Bewu(3tmachung und agitatoris c h e s Zuspitzen ) .

Thus th e colle agu es o n the places of w ork and sometimes even

the family members could be activated and mobilize d , and in
consequen c e they either j o i n e d the SPK or w ere trying to turn
into reality their n e c e s s i t i es and aiming elsewh ere at a
collective polit i c al practi c e , now arisen to con cretization .
 62

1 7. ) AµEN DETERMINATION (FREMDBESTIMMUNG) - SCIENTIFIC

STUDY WORK GROUPS (WISSENSCHAFTLICHE ARBEITSKREISE)

Science f o r human beings is what means: to turn scientifi c

meth o d s i n t o tools a p t to abolish life - d enying relations o f
production . To apply scientific meth o d s ( c r 1 t 1 q u e b y
p r a c t i c e ) m eans : to check up and to abolish all found a ­
tions an d fun ctions of bourgeois science b y t h e method o f
dialectics . T h e practice of th e S P K m u s t not be misunderstood
- as often happened - as an altern ative directed against the
rulin g science (the science of those who rul e ) or even as an
altern ati v e directed against bourgeois psychi atry ; this SPK­
practice rather constitutes not only critical reflection of this
scien c e , but in tendency the abolition (Aufhebung) and over­
coml.n g of the latter. Thereby there is to start from the point
that all w h at consciousness contai n s , that al l kind of k n o w ­
l e d g e is d e termined by fee d in g - u p and education an d by habi ­
tualization in the one sense, that every human life - energy all
over h as been coerced to be turn e d into a totalitari an
functional i sm for the capitalist System (the remaining behind of
the productive forces ( forces of production , ProduktivkrUte ) .
regarding their development in comparison with th e d evel opment
of the rel ati ons of pro d u ction i s a tru e expression of this
fact) . This F r e m d b e s t l m m u n g ( a I i e n a t e d a n d
a 1 i e n a t i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n ) itself only can be noticed
and brough t to consciousness in the process of alterin g an d
abolishing it in developing its progressive aspect (progressive
Seite } : th at ls the consciousness of the social single persons to
realize , that they have nothing to lose but their chain s ; that
the l on e ly persons ( d i e Vereinzelten ) . being thoroughly nothing
but pro d ucts of . this totalitarian alien d etermin ation ( Fremd ­
be stimmung) , fin d th e s e I f - r e a l i z a t i o n ( s e l b s t -
v e r w i r k l i c h u n g ) in nothing but being th e class of the
ill ones as the revolutionary class ( S elbstverwirklichung der
Krank e n als revolution are Klasse } .

For all those who don ' t need univ ersity studies as a pre ­
paration for their functioning in the economic process - and to
those ones bel ongs the greater p art of population , those ones
who d on ' t need some " profession " for their being expropriated -
science represents a strange power, which they are not able to
u n derstand and which they therefore are used to take for a
hostile , or be It at least a social force which they by none
w ay are apt to put under contro l . All depends on that to w ork
out In community with th em , startin g from their immediate
 6 -1

needs to work out th e contradictions (Wi dersprii c h e ) betweHn

w h at i s science i n fact and reality and w h a t ls i ts u t i l i t y
v a 1 u e ( G e b r a u c h s w e r t ) for h uman b e i n g s .

A s a usefu l and indispensable meth o d th ere h as proved to be

the d i alectics by Hegel an d the basic facts of political economy
in w ork i n g out thi s method c ol l e c t i v ely . As a topic of c ommon
reading a n d discussion in the SPK study work groups (SPK-­
Arbeitskreis e ) there were "Die P h an om e n ologie d e s Geistes" and
the "Wissensch aft der Logi k " by Hegel ( " Phenomenol ogy of
Spirit" and "Science o f Logi c " by Hegel ) , "Das Kapital " by M arx
(K. M arx " C api talism " ) , and th e "Einfilh rung in die National -
6k onomi e " by Luxemburg ( " Intro d u ction to the Nati o n al
Econ omy " by Rosa Luxemburg) , " Der Einbruch der Sexualmo:r al "
and th e " M assenpsychol ogie des Faschismu s " by Reich ( "The
Invasion of Compulsory Sex - M orality" by Wilhelm Reich and th e
"Mass Psychology of Fascism " by Wilhelm R e i ch ) , " G e s ch ichte
und Klassenbewu(3tsei n " by Lukacs ( " History and Class Con ­
sciousness" by Georg Lukacs ) , " Versuch il b er d e n Gebrau c h s ­
wert" v o n Kurnitzky ( " Basic Study a b o u t U t ility V alue " b y
Horst Kurnitzky) . T o p i c s of readings by t h e patients a n d b y
their working out in the collective w e r e also t e x t s by Mao,
M arku se, Lenin , Spinoza and others . In the d i scussion about
what c o n ta i n e d those texts all depended on that to produce a
true connection to what th e p atients in th eir present practice
in SPK were just fe eling and to that w h at j us t w as h app en i n g
at their p l a c e of w ork . Therefore the central point concerning
those themes and topics c onsisted in w h at was their true
utllity value (Gebrauchswert ) ; quite on the contrary to all
what students are accustomed to d o in phil osophic and other
s eminari e s and w ork groups there interested nothing but how
to applicate all this subj ects in practi c e and not th e exch ange
v a l u e (Tauschw ert) of literature for " comparativ e studies"
( " Vergl eich e " } based o n t h e principle of competition, otherwise
b u t nothing el se : a w o rking style , favouring the h i erarchic
structure of a " socialist studying leader" or some other
dictatorship (Seminar l ei t e r } .

By studying those texts in th e w ork groups of SPK, texts which

seemed at the first gl ance to be v ery difficult, there soon
arose some p o l ari z at io n between those one s , who believed or
pretended to understand all contents prlma vista and between
those other ones, who were p ar al y z ed by the verbose flood of
words, the sense of which s e e m e d t o be at all incompreh ensible
to th e m . By c r e atin g a common conscious si tuation like that
based on th e ruling role of the needs in all w ork of SPK there
w as produced a very useful protest b e h aviour as well on the
 64

side of th e at least very frus trated ones , whose formation was

an acidemic one as well as on th e side of those who were in
the beginning the paralyzed ones , paralyzed by a real inflation
of words and thoughts overthrowing them . By that the obj e c t
r o l e of ev eryone w i th respect to s c i e n c e was reproduced until
to be a quite real fact n o w again and once more as for all
parti cipants in those w ork groups (Arbeitskreisen ) and in the
protest caused by this proce e d ing there was opened the real
overcome of science whil e an d during appropri ating it in the
collective . This re conquest (An eignung) an d the w ay to it, if it
is gon e by the collective i s already a step itself, is a concrete
transition to get away from the passive consumpti o n behaviour
( v o n der passiven Konsumenten h altung) to the activ e devel o p ­
m e n t of the d i alectic unit which surrou n d s the consumer a n d
the obj e c t of consumption (von Konsument u n d Konsumgegen ­
stan d ) , an active and an activati n g abolition ( Aufhebung) of
th e subj e c t - obj e c t - relation between science and human beings
done by the patients being based on their true needs while
appropri ating an d fun ctionalizing scien c e .

18.) A GITATION AND ACTION

There exists th e following d ictamen by Spinoza: " I say, that w e

a r e acting then , i f there happens something ln ourselves or in
our surroundings , from which we on our side are the only and
adequate c a us e , that ls if there follows something out of our
n ature within us or out of u s which only by this cause c an be
recognized clearly and distinctfully ; but l n comparison with
that I say, th at we suffe r , if there h appens something i n us or
lf there follows someth i n g out of our n ature , from which w e are
th e cause only i n the one or in the other part . " ( 3 6 ) .

From all what we have stated until n o w there follow a s un ­

refutable consequences th at and how sufferin g h as to be
turne d i n to activity . The needs of the lonely o n e ( d e s
Einzelnen ) have to be taken u p and firstly be accepted just a s
b e i n g n o t h i n g but products of the production from w h i c h they
got made and from which they have started ; they cannot be
m e asured by a measure which l s appllc ated to them from out­
si d e , for what i s the only important thing consists i n th at,
that those n e e d s (BedOrfn i s s e ) firstly are to be d eveloped by
 65

collective work regardin g the contradictions (Wid ersprli c h e )

which t h e y o n l y and w h o l l y are representing . And by that
those contradictions are brought u p to a beyond of themsE!lves
and therefore the everyone gets aw are that there also is
concern e d h i s own need if there is dealt with the n e cessity to
turn al l existi n g relations into revolution . Therefore it has to
be developed an d w orked out, that the relati ons between the
lonely ones are nothing but relations between the one who
starts to be an o bject and the oth er, w h o starts from the same
situation being an obj ect i n his relations too, w h i ch surro und
h i m ; that consciousness (Denken) and body are running the
program of capitalism always and in any case ( Denken u n d
Ktirper k apitallstisch v orprogrammiert sin d ) ; t h a t there exi sts
an identity between the misery of everyone and the social
contradictions i n totality ; and that the revolution from b e!ing
obj e c t to become a subject (from being a thing to become a
human being = v om Obj ek t zum Subjekt ) , which i s indeed the
first true event i n h istory , the first step to h um an history
which merits the n ame history , c an only be the consequence of
an e ffort d o n e by a collective . A n d thus there is resolved! the
inhibition of protest, represented until now only by the
symptom s , by turn i n g it into the d i a l e ctics of the processual
proceeding between the lonely one and the society; starting
from th e affects (emotion s , feelings = Affekte, here) of (der
Kranken = ) th e i l l people ( that means starting from those ones,
who have got conscious of their suffering) there are rel e ased
( freigesetzt) the en ergi e s d u e to t u r n s u fferers i n t o activ i s ts
and ex actly in that consists the explosive material , the coming
to a h e a d (Zuspitzung) which w i l l smash the ruling system of
murder i n permanence ( der das h errsche n d e System des pe,rm a ­
n enten M o r d e s zerschl agen wird ) . A n d thus agitation as such
one is itself acti o n , the startin g point to develop the rev o ­
lution ary process as a u n i t , which involves both , consciousness
a n d reali ty . Thus agitation and action are as w e l l i d entical
and d i fferent from one another, just as are the d i alectics of
being and c o nsciousness ( D i alektik von Sein und Bewu�tSE!in ) . If
an agitation like that becomes efficient, it i s quite clear, that
the c l ass enemies soon will s tart their reacti ons agai nst it, b u t
the process as a w h o l e and en tire one g e t s forward and beyond
itself even i n spite of and even in favour of the reactions of
the c l ass en emy ( d e r revolution !ire Proze� wird durch die Reak ­
tionen des Klassenfei n d e s fiber sich selbst h i n au s getrieb en ) .

Following those experi e n c e s the class en emy h as to be di stin ­

guished best by his being marked to be setting in motion and
into exhibition ( o ffentl i c h ) and based on laws (gesetzma�i g)
police apparatus , man agement- bureaucracy and armi es against
 66

those who develop their activiti es i n a strongly consequent

manner, startin g from their l o n e ly sufferings being in the
s o c iety only pre - fabricated ones ( d i e ihr Han d el n konse quent
aus i hrem gesel lsch aftli c h produzi erten individuellen Leiden
entwi ckeln ) .
 67

THIS TEXT I S BUT A BEGINNING . . .

V Dialectics

1 9.) OBJECT-SUBJECT

I l l n e s s :
Most immedi ately the requiring for life is becoming seizab l e if
somebody experien ces his life being menaced and restricted in
the situation of i l l n e s s a s a c a p i t a l i s t
e x i s t e n c e ( K r a n k h e i t a l s k a p i t a l i s t i s c h e m
D a s e i n ) and in the requiring to change this situation by
becomin g pro ductive , the last clai m inseparably tied to the
being repressed by suffe r i n g which always i s v ery close to th e
requirement for change , the requirement for p r o d u c t 1 o n .
Illness in the sense of a c ontradictory spin (Moment) in life·
involves b oth the germ and the energy of her own n egation ,
the will for life . But also and both illness is inhibitio n ,
n egation o f life . B u t illn ess, as n egatin g life , is not only
negation i n an abstract w ay , such as if life is only regarded
as an isolated fac t o f biology , which it is only from appearan c e
( = erscheinungsmlij3ig) , regarding l ife process . Q u i t e on thE�
contrary Uln ess is both and in quite the same manner product
an d negation of the " living" conditions ( " Leben s " - b edingungen ) ,
an d this means , th at illn ess i s produ c t and n egation of the
ruling relations of production in society . In this d etermination
mentioned lllness i s identi cally the o n e force of production
(productive force , d i e Produktivkraft) , aiming to change
those living conditions to which illness "owes " its rise. So far
concerning the function of illness in an o b j e c t i v e view .

Regarding the s u b j e c t 1 v e view the person in Ulness is

force d by suffering to regard his existence and his llfe as an
o bj e c t in his consciousness. And h ere i t becomes quite c l e ar
th at the function of h e alth and welfare combined to their
 68

institutions a n d esp e c i a l l y the rel ati on between p h y s i c i a n and

patient ( A rzt - Patient - Verh altn i s ) i s a thoroughly reacti on ary
one : the patient is corroborated as a l on e l y on e (Vereinzel un g ) ,
h i s i l l n e s s i s taken from him like h e " expects " , and his i l l n e s s
i s b e c o m i n g a n administrated a n d a turned t o a c c o u n t o n e . The
success of the " h ealin g " i s transformed into the obj ect of a re ­
established labour force (fitn ess for work ) in the i l l person ,
w h i c h represents his functionability in a l i fe - inimical an d
illnes s - creatin g social pro ductive process of c apitalism , in th e
" r e h a b i l i t a t i o n " of the ill person .

P h y s i c i a n a n d p a t i e n t :
In h i s illness and i n h i s c o n d i tion of being a pati ent the
l o n e ly one ex periences his role as an obj ect quite intensively
and l i k e the focus point in a mirror, quite in d e fencel essness ,
l on e l i n e s s (Vereinzelung) and outcastness (Recht.losigkei t ) . His
impossi bility to act i s getti n g a bodily asc ertain e d one
(sinnlich gew i P ) in his looking out for tre atm e n t or help. One
of t h e most imp ortant functions of the physici an in ev ery
situation of therapy consists in his task to affirm p ermane n tl y
and air- tightly the constitution of the patient as a person who
must be treated in any c a s e , the physi c i an as an agent ruling
by th at all s o c i al rel ations a s they are . Th u s the relation
between physician and pati ent a n c h ored an d organized i n all
i nstitutions therefore w orks best as a repression in perm anence
against the progressi ve impulsation (Moment) in the illness ,
being protest in every case and aiming at becoming resistance
in a s u bstantial effect (materi a l i sierter Widerstan d } . By th at
also th e pathogenic role of remaining an obj ect i s guaranteed
especial l y by the state , when illnes s i s yet in its begi n n i n g .
That means further on , t h a t by m e a n s of the relationship
between physici an and patient within the health system both
c apitalism and State have establ ish ed their top tool of
suppression . While illness being in its acute state and in need
of treatment the State applies sharp ammunition (sch arfe
Muniti on ) against the patient, for the patient is in this state
of illness in its beginning a total outcast, the physician in the
relation between pati ent and physician is the omnipotent one
( . . . mit dem A rzt - Patie n t - Verhaltn i s v erbun d e n e Rechtlosigkeit
des Pati ent.en ) . The p ati ent lacks all kinds of rights and i s
u n able i n an y w ay to g e t i n fluence , be i t a b o u t the wh eth er,
be it about the h o w of h i s treatment, the basis of which he
himself h a s established before , by creating surpl u s value
( Mehrwert } , fi n an cial tax e s (Steu ern ) and social contributions
(Sozial abgabe n ) , but n o w being u n able to control or even to
d e termine the treatment, w h i c h the d octor is acting out against
him. I f necessary the patient then i s put under tutelage , put
 69

u n d er internment and i s murdered by euthan asi a . The protest

in illness, its progressive p art ( progressives Moment der
Krankheit) th erefore only will reach c o n s c i o u s n e s s , expression
( A rti k u l atlon ) and come to the effect o f resistance (in Form
von Widerstand manifest werd e n ) if there has preceded any
cancelling of the o bj ec t role in a common , that means collEic tive
context. The physi cian on the other hand is occupied by
nothing b u t , fol lowing his c ontract ( auftragsgemaf3 ) , reinforcing
the reaction ary momentum of illness by m e a n s of h i s indivi ­
d u alizing and atom i zing treatmen t . But the sharpening of t h e
l oneliness (Versch arfung der Vereinzelung) favours n evertheless
the becoming conscious of the patient and th e setting free of
l i fe en ergy , w h i c h during the acute state of illness i s the most
powerfu l o n e as protest and re sistance agai n s t illness­
conditions i n social rel ations (fever and m orE! rapid pulses as
well as th e s o - c al l e d violent ten dencies i n s o - c al l e d mental
d isordered people represent quite drastic hints prov ing this
reinforcement) .

S i n g l e p e r s o n ( E i n z e l n e r ) c o l l e c t i v e :
Realizing rel ations , c ircumstan ces and conditions as belonging
to the obj ecti v e side of my exi sten c e , rel ations which act as
d etermin ations against myself ( Fremdbestimmun g) , turning those
relations first of all to obj ects of my c o n ceptual thinking, that
means researching and investigating them , I turn myself into a
subj e c t , be it only germi n a l l y ; but alterin g those relations and
d eterm i n ati o n s p e rfe ctly (radikal v e r ii. n d ern ) makes m e being a
subject at all ( . . . bin i c h Su'hj e kt ) . - To do the first one alone
and as an i n dividuum is n early i mpossibl e , to d o the secon d
thing as a such alone one i s impossib l e at all .

It foll ows t h at the individuum as a mere i n d i v i duum is d amned

to the role rem a i n i n g always an obj ective thing ( V ereinzelung) .
Nothing but cooperati on i n connection w ith solidarity together
with other ones ren d ers able the movement from the object to
t h e subj e c t . It fol l o w s , that all persons who are nothing but
lonely obj ects within the social relations cannot become
subj ects e x c ept th ere takes place a collective practi ce
(kollektive Prax i s ) b a s e d on a c ooperation in solidarity .

By that the lon ely person s , if c ooperating i n solidarity already

h av e changed th e social relations f o r t h e m s e l v e s ( f il r
s i c h ) , so far as they form a p art of thos�i relati ons : and
that is due to t h e simple fact that t h ey now constitute a part
of the s o c i al rel ati ons because of being now a coll ective and
no l on ger nothing but lonely ones . Lonely ones acting merely
as obj e cts in the social conditions are n othing but vi ctims w h o
 70

are u n able even to defend themselves . But being together in a

collective they represent immediately and in the eyes of
everybody else the possibility and even yet the real beginning
and , last not least, the effecti veness of subj ectivity . By thi s
change of the social rel ations as a such one ( filr sich ) there
exists both and already the germ of th eir changement involving
their substantial condition even as bodies ( a n s i c h ) .

I t fo l l o w s :
Every kind of medical treatment . (Kran k enversorgung ) , being
improv ed by a higher intensity in the methods or by any
refinemen t else - b e i t for example by reinforcement of a
specifi c common h e alth treatment in using medical functions ( v .
commun i ty psychi atry , institution for mental health - seelische
Gesun d heit - hospitals i n which the c l asses were cancelled -
k l assenloses Krankenhaus - etc . ) , all those medical fun c tions
established by education , tradition and contro i by State , and
thus form i n g and d etermi n i n g the rel ation between physici an
and patient in the one or in th e other way, in an objective
view is n othlng but a man agement aimi n g at menac i n g and
d amaging the patients an d every kind of reformism, refining
thi s man agemen t , i n an obj ective view i s useful only i n order
t o stabil ize t h e ru ling relations which are murderous o n e s .
Rel ations between persons one to another a r e t o be u n d e rstood
from t h e begi n n i n g in the one w ay o n l y , w h i c h r e g ards them as
rel ati ons between obj ects and obj ects . In the case of the
relati on between physician and patient for example ev erybody
in this partn ership consists , each 'in a quite specifi c manner,
o f nothing but as an obj e c t of the same subj e c t , subj e c t being
capitalism . The patient being obj e c t of the seeming (schein ­
baren ) s u bj e c t physi cian puts h i s pressure of suffering and all
his needs and w ants and his cl aims for a c h angement into the
h an d s of a physi c i a n , qui te i n conformity with the red etermined
program here described and the physician , foB o w i n g his fu n c ­
t i o n i n i t s obj ective regard as a n administrator i n c apitalism
then becomes an admi n i s trator of illness . If the physician is
" s u c c essfu l " ( " Erfolgsfall " ) h e prod uces a ch ange which is
formed by what we call " h e alth " ( " Ge s u n d h e i t " ) , a thing of
superstition which i s regard e d perhaps by the patient as the
real ful fiJ l i n g of his dreams , and that is done by the physician
by having " l i berated " the patient from a special symptom : it i s
for the capi talism , that th e physi c i an , fol lowi n g h i s orders
( au ftragsgema� ) . produces a l abour force once more being apt
for furth er ex ploitation and gain i n g profits .

All rel ations between the lonely ones ( Einzelnen ) aim at the
abolishing of their being obj ects . This is done by th e collective
 71

practice directed against the yet d etermining forces of thE!

historic process being c apitalism until now ( liberati on movement
being based o n s o l i d arity ) . What there is not pro d u c e d in our
collectives is the fetish " indiv idual h e alth " , not the appre ­
ciation one to anoth er as an interchange of values and comm o ­
dities (Tau s c h h an d e l ) , c a l l e d sympathy , b u t w h at is t o b e
pro d u c e d con sists of solid arity and of t h e common n e e d of
change. The c h anged consciousness i s equ ally prerequisite an d
result (Voraussetzu n g u n d Resultat) of the practised politi.cal
warfare ; for only in the struggle for a soci alism like that
exists the real chance for self-realization (nur im Kampf ftir
den Sozialismus i st Selhstverwirkli c h u n g mogli ch ) .

20.) AUFHEBUNG (CANCELLATION, LIBERATION, RESOLVING)

OF THE OBJECT ROLE BY COLLECTIVITY {IM KOLLEKTIV)

Recognition (Erkenntn l s ) c an exist as meaningful f o r h uman

beings only under the one con dition that the things we have
recogn ized are changed as the origin of our recognizing them .
Preceding every recognition i f it is a creative one there exists
a c e rtainty by the s e n s e s ( s i n n l i c h e Gewij3h e i t ) c o n c erning the
obj e ct role of the c onsciousness i n its relation to a being,
which h as turned consciousness itself to play nothing b u t the
role of an obj e c t , just the object role of the l onely person ( d es
Vereinzelte n ) with respect to the material conditions (materi e l ­
l e n Basi s ) of his social b e i n g ( s e i n e s gesellsch aftlichen Seins ) .
The stop and inhibition against the cognition (Denken ) and the
vitality , experienced by life if still acting on the level of the
sensual certainty ( s innlichen GewiPhei t ) , leads to its special
expression within certain symptoms of illness : i n ability to work
( Arbeitsstoru n gen ) , b a d feeling ( Depress ion en ) , problems in
sexuality (sexuelle Schwi erigkeiten ) , anxi ety and so on .

If the real (effective ) relations between subj e c t and object get

worked out by c o l l ectivity , the role of being merely an object
as it ls represented by the lonely person h erself is turn e d into
an object of recognition , thus to an obj ect of a proceeding in
dialectic s ( Prozel3 ) where in such relation not only h appens
recognition , hut also results a ch ange ( . . . zum Obj ekt des
Erkenntn i s - und VerA.nderungsprozesses ) . The role of
consciousness now conceived as being noth i n g but an obj ect
 72

c o n c erning the being ( b eziiglich des Sei n s ) now is resolved

while there results n o w the d e veloped acti vity i n cogn i tion and
consciousn ess , an acti v i ty w h i c h i s , as w e menti oned , a such
one w h i c h results i n con stituti n g th e new context of a new i . e .
c h anged being (seinsveran dern d e Tati gkeit d e s . . . Bewuj3tsein s ) .
By that i s reached a qual itativ e n e w level : cancell ation (A uf­
h e b u ng ) , that means i d entical n egati on (Negati o n ) and affi rm a ­
tion (Erhaltu n g ) concern i n g th e former l onely person n o w i n
collectivity , th e l atter form i n g a n e w being for t h e former
lonely person now with a permanently growing spread and
extens i o n . Th e collective now i s a n e w quality both i n obj e c ­
t i v e an d subjective v i e w : obj ectively , because th e relati o n s of
production in capitalism now are i n confrontati on to a counter­
power ( G egenmacht) by which those relations of production in
capitalism are forced to react by some specifi c pattern s , an d in
subj ective v i e w the new quality consists i n that the former
l o n e l y , fals i fi c ated , mutilated ( v e rkriippelt) and i n ert ( stagn l e ­
ren d e n ) consciousnesses (Bewuj3ts e i n e ) c o m e together i n the
proceeding pro c e s s of th e new quality of collective consci ou s ­
ness , i n the commun ity of all the consciousnesses who are
there , w h i l e being kept (aufgeh oben ) in the practised acti vity
of the collective ( k ol l ektive Prax is ) . In its d i s s ent to the
c o u n t e r - po w e r of t h e c a p i t a l i s t S y s t e m th e c o l l e c t i v e l s
perman ently both obj e c t and subj ec t concerning the pro c e s s of
change ( V eran d e ru n gsprozej3 ) in w h i ch it i nteracts . The l onely
one ( d e r Einzeln e ) i n h i s now consciously known rol e of an
o bj ect in the process of capitalist production and evaluation
(Produkti o n s - u n d Verwertu ngsprozej3 ) is also the motor invol v ­
i n g t h e tendency to abolish th ose factors of t h e capitalist
System . But this level of col lective consciousness i s to b e
worked out p ermanently a g a i n and a g a i n and has to be d efen ­
d e d agai nst the destructive e ffects of capi talism in the every ­
d ays process o f produ ction a n d reproduction d i sturbing the
lonely one continuously , and also thi s work i n g out of the
reach e d l e v el in consciousn ess is an every days an d ev ery
ni ghts task with i n the collective expan d i n g permanently . The
ill person entering the collective d oesn ' t remain the lon ely ill
p erson w h o c am e ; and there al s o doesn ' t exist in his c ol l a ­
boratio n t h e a i m to leave t h e collective a s a s a v e a n d sound
· person ( " geheil t " ) as to b e expected from be i t a policlini c , a
phys k i an s ' ambul anc e ( Arztprax i s ) or some other supporting
organization ( H i l fsorgan isati on ) , being then nothing but th e
same o n e lonely person (Vereinzelter) yet part of the same
pri n c i p l e of real i ty (Realitatsprinzip) of the pathogen i c
( k rankmach e n d en ) and l i fe -inimical ( leben sfein d l i chen ) soci ety
in capital ism to w h i c h this l onely person would be outcast and
output in the s ame manner, d epri v e d from all protection as
well as un armed and defenceless . Quite on the con trary for
 73

every 1 1 1 person the collective ls the beginning to turn illness

into a process of obj ecti v atl o n ; th e one process which re­
presents the develc;>ment of the collective , th is process to be
done by everybody:

- The object role of the lonely one opposite to the relations of

production (production of surplus value - d estru ction of
life ) ls experienced subj ecti vely as a subj e c t rol e . This
contradiction (Wlderspruc h ) becomes a substantial one
(manifestiert sich) within the qual ity of i l 1 n e s s ,
s u ff e r i n g p r e s s u r e ( L e l d e n s d ru c k ) .

- To consciousness as far as it is an effect of society illness

c an only stan d opposite like a fatum which i t takes for a
single one, rising from some faul ts for which the lonely
person l s guilty himself. But i t ls the soci ety in capitalism
which appropri ates Ulness for its own purposes i n order to
turn it into a value by means of the individualizing treat­
ment within the relati on between physi c i an and patient,.
being controlled by the patient -inimical and illness per­
petuating h e alth system (social tax es - " programed" illness ) .
And this contradiction (Wlderspru c h } ls the essence o f the
quality which w e are used to call p a t 1 e n t .
- In the ill person there is represented the c ontradiction
between illness as a protest ( = life expression) and thE!
stop ( Hemmun g } of this protes t . Thi s contradiction is to b e
unfolded up to the new quality of b e c o m i n g c o n -
s c 1 o u s o f o n e ' s r o 1 e a s a n o b j e c t , being a
lonely one person (Elnzelner} within the process of produ c ­
tion and d estruction i n c apitalism .
- A n d there i s th e experi ence of the dialecti c interaction
between the being (Sein ) and the consciousness (Bewu(3tse1 n )
- that is to s ay : illness as the stop ( Hemmun g ) of life and
illness as the yet non - arti culated protest against the life ­
inimi cal relations and against the social compulsive
mechanisms (gesellschaftl ichen Zwti.nge } . This experience
comes to its expression within the c o 1 1 e c t l v e n e e d
f o r c h a n g e , combined to the abolition of all illusion ary
wishes for " health " ( " Gesundheit " ) . New quality: socialist
self-organization , collective (Kollektiv } .
- The more the collectiv e expands the more burni n g ( s c h ti.rfer)
will get the confrontations with the social in stitutions of
government ( h ealth sector - Gesundheitswesen - , university ,
administration - Mlnisterium - , j u d i ciary , police } ; struggle of
the collective against the i n stituti o n s , public relations w ork
 74

( Offentllc.tikeitsarbeit ) . Within those clashs (Auseinander­

setzungen ) the collective turn s into a subj e c t (Kollektlv zum
Subj ek t ) of the social processes in change (gesellschaftllcher
VerA.n d e rungsprozesse ) . At the same time there ls unfolded
to the i n n er and to the exterior side ( by the formation of
more socialist self- organizati ons all around illness) the
principl e of the m u 1 t i - f o c a 1 e x p a n s i o n i s m
( M u l t i - F o k a l e r E x p a n s i o n 1 s m u s ) as a new
quality .
- By the struggle of the collective against the life - i nimical
forces of the social s y st em there is also developed the
multi - focal expansionism up to a new quality of the
p o l i ti c a l i d e n t i t y ( p o l i t i s c h e I d e n t i U i t ) ,
i . e . to the unit between needs and political struggle (Elnhelt
von Bediirfn i ssen und politischem Kampf) .
,
- This process takes place in everybody as a lonely one ( i n
j ed em Einzel n en ) , withi n the collective an d also between the
collectiviti e s , the focusses ( Brennpunkte) of the movement.

2 1 .) MULTI-FOCAL EXPANSIONISM - "FOCUS"

Starting from the manner, in which the collective work s and in

w h i c h it is organize d : inter- agitation between single persons
and agitation i n groups (Einzel - u n d Gruppen agltation ) , work ­
groups i n epistemology ( w issensch aftli che Arbeitskreise } ,
political actions (Offentlichke ltsarb e l t ) and permanently
expanding the collective - there i s developed th e principle of
the m u 1 t i - f o c a l e x p a n s l o n l s m which l s a new
quality . This prin ciple of multi - focal expansi onism in a
germ i n al sense already exists within the essential stru ctures
(lm Wese n ) of the pati ents ' self- organization : each ill person
as a such one is a focus (Brennpunkt, nucleus of crystal l i ­
zati o n ) of th e social c ontradictions o n a certain l e v e l , t h a t is
more or less develope d . By means of the process i n personal or
group agitati on those contradictions i n each l on ely one person
(lm Einzelne n ) are worked out and unfol d e d thus, that every ­
b o d y step by step a n d in permanent repetition overcomes th e
level of his personal isolation ( Verelnzelung ilberwin d et ) : first
respective to his partn er in personal agitation (Einzel ­
agitationspartner) , then resp ective to the agitati on- group and
 75

finally the former lonely person w i l l experience and organize

( gestalten ) th e reality (Wirklichkeit) and effectiveness
(Wirk s amkeit) of collectivity . In a process of p ermanent
repetition everybody U e d er Einzel n e ) will run through the
steps :
subj ectively subj ect - obj ectively obj ect,
subj ectively obj e c t - obj ectively subj ect,
and within the consciously d o n e producti on of collective
consciousness everybody ( der Einzel n e } will produce finally the
moments ( M omente} of the i d e n tity between being and con ­
sciousness (ldentitU von Sein u n d Bewu(Usei n } , that is th e n e w
quality of the political i d e n tity will be experienced and w i l l be
produced ( 3 7 ) . Focus means w h at w e know from rays opti c s : a
lens to collect for e xample all beams which go through the lens
i n one point, the focus , burning point of collectivity ( Brenn ­
punkt } . But focus also means h e arth in the c ertain sense , that
a h earth like such one is a starting point for effects (Wirkun ­
gen } , for e x ample a h earth of d isturbances ( Unruheherd } or
that such a focus can b e compared also to a simple cooking­
stove or range ( e infacher Ki.lchenherd } , which produces w armth
while worki n g . A n d by that we have d etermined the w ord
" focus" in its double sense : to b e a point of collectivity , focus
on the one hand , and to b e a starting point, a h earth on the
other h an d , the w ord " fo c u s " th erefore being only a sign of a
dialectic identity ( d i alektische Einheit) , that means a
contradictory one .

Every ill person now represents in a specific w ay some focus .

In an obj ective view everybody as a l onely one person (j eder
Einze l n e ) repres e n ts the focus of social contradicti on s . But by
mean s of the process of c o n s c i o u s l y ( b e w u � t e n )
unfolding of th e contradictions of protest and stop , collected in
illn e s s , the quality " focu s " as the burning point ( Brennpunkt)
of the social relations ( c ontradi ctions ) i s turned into a subj e c ­
tive quality, and that means that t h e i l l person - h aving
become able to handle in a quite clear manner and in full
consciousness ( ein Bewu(Uer) the social context of his suffering
- then has achie v e d to turn from a lonely and isolated person
as he was ln the beginning into a foc u s , who now is really a
such one as well in subj ecti v e as ln obj ecti v e view.

Illness as a consciousness of suffering , as an inhibition and as

a stop which now ls a p art of one ' s knowl edge is both a pre ­
requisite within the c ancelllng (Aufhebung) of the quality
" focus " as a p o i n t o f c o 1 1 e c t 1 v 1 t y ( B r e n n -
p u n k t } aiming at the new quality " focus " as a h e a :r t h .
Only by becomin g conscious of h er object role by the
 76

c o n s c i o u s n e s s a bout i l l n e s s as an i n h ibition t h e i l l person i s

enabled to l i b erate c o n s c i o u s p r o t e s t , the progre s s i v e moment
i n i l ln e s s . T h e process o f turn i n g the quality " fo c u s " ( I n h i b i ­
t i o n ) i n t o t h e quality " h e arth " represents t h e eman c i p ation o f
t h e o bj e c t , d o n e b y c o o p eration a n d s ol i d arity a n d j u s t by that
a n d by n othing e l s e a t r e a t e d o n e ( e i n
B e h a n d e l t e r ) b e c o m e s a subj e c t , an a c t i v e o n e
( e i n H a n d e l n d e r ) .

22.) DIALECTICS OF SEXUALITY

In all s o c i e ti e s , formed a n d organ i z e d by c apitalism there is n o

reason to defi n e s e x u ality e x c e pt in a t h o r o u g h l y formal ist ic
and a bs t r ac t manner; th at m e an s , that sexu ality c an ' t b e con ­
c e i v e d l i k e something w h i c h e x i sts already. Q u i t e on the
contrary i t has to b e c o n c e i v e d i n i t s n e c e s sity o f first
b e c o m i n g d e v e l o p e d to effe c t i v e n e s s ( S e x u alitat ist eine erst
n o c h zu v e r w i rk l i c h e n d e ) .

T h e b a s i c fact , t h e only o n e in w h i c h Sigmund Freud was right,

c o n sists i n that the signi fi c ations of all our e x p e ri e n c e s
(.E rl e b n i s s i gnifi k a n t e n ) are s e dimented w i t h i n the substan t i a l
c o n t e x t o f our bodies { s omatisati on , psych ogen i c disturban ces
of the fu n ctions i n our organ s and s o o n ) ; what there i s
categori z e d to t h e syndroms (Symptombilder) of the s o - c a l l e d
psych o s e s , n e u r o s e s and s c h izophrenic d i s turban c e s thus a r e
n o t h i n g but p h enomen a as an appe aring e x pression (Er­
s c h e i nu n gsform e n ) of our bodies b e i n g d e stroyed by the just
m e n ti o n e d s e d i m e n t ation of the signifi c an ts ( z e rstOrtes Soma ) .
Fre u d , b e c au s e o f b e i n g a member o f the bourgeois class i n h i s
d u l l n e s s d u e to t h e j u s t n amed fact n e v e r w a s w1111ng or
allo w e d t o work out a fe rtil e theoretic c on ce pt l i k e this one of
his and b ring i t to th e point and to th e en d , disregarding all
t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s all aro u n d it ( 3 8 ) . P sy c h o an alysis v i rtually
works only o n th e l e ve l of ideas ( Vorstellungs e b e n e ) , but
s e x u a l ity , being a life expression of indispensable force , w h i c h
i s s e t t i n g fre e life - en ergy, therefore i n psych o an alysis mostly
c an ' t n e i t h e r s e iz e d and work e d out nor realized (Sex u al W !.t
blelbt u n b earbeltet und u n b e w altlgt ) . What appears as an
impro v e m e n t in h e al i n g and treatment { H e i l u n g ) , thus i s
nothing b u t a c e rtain abs e n c e of symptom s , esp ecially of the
most d i s turbing o n e s adapted to the n orms of a b e h aviour in
s e x u al i t y , which l s n o thin g but a p etty bourgeo i s one .
 77

I t then w a s firs t l y W i l h e l m Re ich , w h o started t h e e x p eriments

( d er d e n V ersuch u ntern ahm ) , to put Fre u d 's t h e ory from the
h e a d to t h e fe e t ( 3 9 ) . R e s earch i n g t h e d i sturb ances i n sexual
fu n c t i o n s , while thinking t h at those d i sturban c e s were c au s e d
by " p sych o l ogic" factors and v ice v ersa h e by a n d by succe e d s
i n proce e d i n g to the beg i n n i n gs o f a d i a l ecti c a n d h i stori c vi ew
( h i storisch - d i al ektisch er A n s atz) down to th e gro u n d o f the
e s s e nti al contrad icti on w h ich th ere alway s h as w ork e d between
t h e s e x u ality a s a function o f l i fe a n d its permanent breaki n g
cau s e d by t h e forces o f n ature acting agai nst human s oci eti e s
i n the begi n n i n g to w h ich w e r e a d d e d l ater o n the forces of
t h e n o w a d ay s w orl d - wi d e system of forces i n capitali sm, re ­
i n forcing the formerly only natural ly caus ed i n h i bitions up to a
degree of e x p on e n t i a l r e i n forcement ( 40 ) .

F o l l o w i n g t h e s e outli n e s i n the conception o f W . Reich, b a s e d

on h i s d i al ectics o f h i story ( h i s t orisch -materi a l i s t i sche A u f­
arbeitung) i n SPK it became compreh e n s i b l e in a quite self­
u n d erstan d i n g manner th at i l l n e s s itself w as to be conce i v e d as
the o n e ruling antago n i s m and contradict i o n in l i fe i tself and
that th erefore i l l n e s s was t o be conce i v e d as thoroughly bro k e n
l i fe (Krankh ei t i n s ich gebroch e n e s Lebe n ) a n d all l i fe as b e i n g
broken from b e fore its b e g i n n i n g n o w a d a y s only cou l d consist
of an d e x i s t i n i l l n e s s . T h ere exists a corr e s p o n d e nce i n s e lf­
d e s tructi on concerning th e i n d i v i du um b e i n g regard e d on th e
l e v e l of a l o n e l y o n e ( E i n z e l n e r ) , the s e xu a l ity of w h om :b e i n g
turn e d into a n xi e t y as a t o g e t h e r of all s e lf - d e stru cting
i n v o l v ements a n d on the other hand th ere i s the d e s tructi v e
force of capitalism w h ich h as reinforced n atural forces to the
most high d e gree o f d e s tructi on , d e ath - m e n acing e v ery ki.nd of
life i n omnipresen tly grow i n g t e n d e ncy.

If y o u w an t to get a concrete k n o w l e d g e a b o u t s e x u a lity i n

ev e ry l e v e l o f i t s phenomena i n h i story y o u h a v e to an alyze
the s u rro u n d i n g s , the s oci o - economic and the cultural con ­
diti o n s i n ord e r t o conce i v e a l l o f its functi o n s . T h e require ­
ments ( Erfo r d ern i s s e ) w h ich start from that h u m an b e i n gs: a l ­
w ays h av e to care a b o u t how to repro d uce t h e i r l i v ing con d i ­
tio n s , l i v i n g con d i t i o n s w h ich in fo rme r times mank i n d h ad to
extort by p e rmanent new e fforts from t h e n atural forces w h ich
m e n a c e d t h e m all about , n ecessiti e s , requ irements and l i v in g
con d i t i o n s f o r t h e ful fi l m e n t of w h ich t h e h u m an being from
n o w a d ays h a s to p ay by subrn l s s i n g himself to the ruling soci al
order of the cap i t a l i s t System, - all th ose req u i r ements d o not
only w ork against s e xua lity ; for what is more , there is to start
from t h a t the sep aration between s e x u ality and the w h o l e of
the functi o n s w h ich d e a l w i th the repro d ucti on o f the eco nomic
 78

a n d c u ltural l i v i n g c o n d i ti o n s is n o t at all possib le . To talk

about s e x u ality and to mean s e x u al i ty, represents a totally
u n r e a s o n a b l e e ffort , e x c epting there e x lsts at least the k n o w ­
l e dge in t h e s p e ak i n g and m e an i n g person about the fac t , that
h e i s just w a l k i n g i n s i d e the categoric and e p i stemol o g i c a l
system of e c o n omy and admi nistrati on . W h a t e v e r else the
s p e a k i n g and meaning person c o u l d inte n d , remember fo r
example e v ery k i n d of s e x u al i ty y e t e x p e ri en c e d by t h e person ,
of c o u r s e c a n be c omm u n i c ated in t h e manner of abstractn ess
an d gen erality ( abstrakter A l l gemeinhei t ) , because d e aling with
fe e l i n g s ( G e fti h l e n ) w h i c h alread y are c o n s c i o u s e n o u g h , but by
this a c t t o express himself h e n ei ther i s able to grasp special
fe e l i n g s ( i n c o n n e ction with s e x u ality) n o r w i l l he be e n a b l e d
t o ever k n o w whether fe elings , w h i c h h e t a k e s f o r sexual ones
and a l s o e x p e r i e n c e s c ommu, n i c at e d to him by others indeed are
n o t h i n g b u t s e diments of a c o n n e ction of fun d.i ons from which
h e e x p e ri e n c e s n o thing but some s e d iments o f fe elings and
which h av e nothing t o d o with s e x u a l i ty o r n e arly n othin g .
Regard for example t h e extremeo u s l y strange phenomena of
nymphomany o r s atyri asis ( k i n d s o f most ex aggerated s e x u a l
d r i v e i n w o m e n a n d men ) and you s o o n w i l l e x p e r i e n c e t h a t
t h o s e p h e n om e n a , w h i c h at the fi rst gl an c e seem to be e x ­
p re s s i v e fo rms of a fl a b b e r g a s t i n g s e x u al a c tivity i n d e e d are
n othing but the h i g h e s t degrees o f s e l f - d e fen ce against
s e x u a l i t y , b e c a u s e s e x u a l i ty in t h e cases o f s atyri asis and
nymphomany l s based on p l e asure - an x i ety (W . Reich , Lust ­
Angs t ) , t h e e xaggerated a c t i v i ty s e emi ngly b e i n g the only
means t o i n a c t i v at e this p l e a s u r e - anxiety. I f i t were possibl e
to i s o l at e n e atly ( fre izupraparl eren ) a s e x u a l b e h a v i o u r l i k e
that by p u tt i n g away all e c o n om i c and cu ltural c omponents ,
w h a t then w o u l d remain , n e v e r w o u l d b e s e x u alit y, but th e
a n x i e ty w h i c h d etermi n e s a s e x u al b e h a v i o u r l i k e that.

H P w h o looks out fo r original forms of s e x u al i ty in order to

r e c o n s tru c t them perhaps w i l l enter some d e scription of l i fe ­
c ommunities w h i c h e asily c o u l d impress him t o take them fo r
l o s t parad i s e s of a quite permi s s i v e s e x u al i ty b e c a u s e they are
up t o the most extent different i n comparison with c i v i l i zation
a n d c u l ture from n owadays , even ap art from their being some
times a quite s u c c e ssfu l l i terature as a s u c h o n e . T h e so­
c a l l e d prim e v al horde ( Urhorde ) , while working only to preserve
c o n s tantly the b e s t possible living conditions i n s u c h a
commun i ty w a s in n o instant fre e s e x u ality , even i f n othing
e l s e h a d forme d a l imit to them , e v e n i f they c o u l d also act
o u t e v e ry k i n d o f i n c e s t within an allround prom i s c u i t y , even
regardl e s s of e v e ry k i n d of d i ffe rence c o n c e r n i n g life - age .
Q u i t e on t h e c o n trary t h o s e grou p s resulted from an incentive
 79

born out of all surroun d i n g dangers and aiming at t h e greatest

possible ( gro�tm o g li c h e n ) stan d i n g together and at the s ame
time i s o l ating them against other groups an d their attacking
o ne ' s l i v in g c o n d ition s and l i fe -material s which p e rmanentl y
w e r e to be p r o t e c t e d an d most t i m e required a l l e fforts o f
se lf- d e fenc e .

I t w a s w . R e i c h w h o w orked out (The I n v a s i o n o f Compuls ory

Sex - Morality, Einbruch d er Sexu almoral ! ) how sexu ality is
s h arp ly turned into a completely different one ( sprungh afte
Verand erun g ) by p a s s i n g from t h e aborigin al c ommunist
societies (urkommunistischen G e s e l l s c h aftsforme n ) to tho s e of
the p atriarchal system. It i s in r e al ity t h e s ame thing w h at
happens s i n c e the establishing of the p artriarch a l system when
on the o n e h a n d property ( Eigentum) i s b e i n g stabilized a n d
p e rpetuated from the father to t h e son and so o n , all along
the su c c e e d in g gen erati o n s and on the oth e r h a n d sexuality i s
gettin g an uttermost restricted one , w hat means i n terms o f
psychoanalysis th at m o r e a n d more , start i n g from t h e e arl i est
states of c h i l d h o o d a l l p l e asure raising from s e xu ality
( Genitalitat) b e c omes a repre s s e d o n e in order to be replaced
by oral and anal issues t o get fun (Lustbefr ie d i gu n g ) . Formerly
the persons firstly n e e d e d to be togeth er and to con stitute
some being together i f they w anted and i n order to practi se
s e x u a l i ty . But n o w th e s ame bei ng together took place i n order
to practise c ommon meals and thus a new life b e h aviour had
b e en i n d u c e d by forc e , prov o k e d by the only sense an d the
only intention to p e rv ert p l e asure from a s e x ual one to an oral
o n e . By m e c h an i s m s to form coalitions like t h at by force :a nd
up today a l l k i n d s of autonomy and spontan e i ty of the single
persons (des Einze l n e n ) more and more are repre s s e d . Ten ­
d e n c i e s of c e n tralization surroun d e d by intra- personal relations
i n w h i c h e a c h r o l e an d fu n ction is getti n g a quite s p e c i aUzed
one, p ermanently trained by fixation an d repetiti o n , and also
th e submission of t h e ev ery person ( E i n z e l n e r ) under the
mechan i sms of order and prohi b ition (Befe h l s au tomatismen ) , th i s
tendency i s gettin g a m ore and m o r e fav oured o n e , creating
artificially h o stilities from person agai nst person an d from the
o n e fami l y unit or tri b e against th e other on e s , thus becoming
the quite u su a l expression of h osti l ity , whether a h i d den one
o r i n open p erforma n c e of war- g am e s i n t h e atre or reality as
we know untll n o w . The personal b e h av i our s i n c e the e s ta­
blishing of the origin al capitalist and p atri arc h a l system
therefore i n v o l v e s also s a d o - masoc h i s t tend e n c i e s , neurotic
anx i ety , t h e n e e d for models and l e a d ers in order to get a s o ­
c al l e d " s e lf" , a personal e g o ( fiihrungsspezifi s c h e Identifi -­
kationsprozes s e u n d Persev erati onstendenzen ) w h i c h can be
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perseverated and iterated l i fe - l o ng ( V erharru n gste n d enze n ) .

Modalities o f b e h a v i o u r l i k e th o s e , i n t h e v i e w o f W . Re ich ,
h a v e n o t h i n g to d o with genital d ri v e impulses ( n on g e n i t a l e
Triebregungen ) , but n e v erth e l e s s t h ey represen t i n fa ct
sexu ality b e c au s e of h av i n g been s e x u a li z e d in s e c o n d ary
pro c e s s e s o f s e x u a l d ev e l o p m e n t , now s ometimes h av i n g become
a d e v i ant one i n a c l i n i c al sense. In any case tho se
m e c h anisms dealing with n o n s e x u a l d r i v e s sin c e the earl i e s t
t i m e s of c h i l d h o o d u rge i n h i b i t i o n s an d b arri ers w h i c h stop th e
a b i l i t i e s to b e c om e impres s i o n a b l e by e s p e c i a l l y genital stimuli
(Rei z e ) b u t favourin g tendencies o f c o n sumption i n orali ty
w h i c h i n t e n d e n cy can b e c o m e a more and more a ggre ssive and
d estru cti v e o n e (see b u l l emy ) and a n al perseverati o n the
e x p r e s s i o n of which appe ars as accumul ating p o s s e s s i o n and
d e fe n d i n g i t against e v e ryb o d y else by whatever means and
weapons available .

By c i rc u m s t a n c e s l i k e t h o s e the s e x u a l conduct ( S e x u a l ­
v e rh al t e n ) d o e sn ' t exist a t all , regard i n g it as if i t be a s e lf­
expressing c o m p o n e n t i n our b e h a v i o u r . Quite o n t h e c o n trary
s e x u al i ty represents n othing but someth i n g l i k e a cement in
t h e c o ntext o f t h e r e l ati o n s i n e c o n o m i c e x c h ange between men
a·n d n a t u r e a n d between men and m e n , which i s u p to each
d e tail d e t e rmln e d an d governed by t h e wants o f th e economic
system . Where t h e persons i n s e x u al i nteraction (P artn e r )
beli e v e to h av e d o n e their choices b a s e d on prim ary o r
s e c o n d ary signs ( M erk m al e ) o f sym pathy a n d attraction i n
s e x u ality , regard i n g the things as t h ey really a r e i n an
o bj e cti v e v i e w ( o bj ek t i v e r Betrachtung) th ere i s t o start from
the p o i n t , t h a t a c h o i c e l i k e th at ls pre - d eterm i n e d by u p ­
b ri n gi n g a n d e d u cati on , b y th e surroun ding ci rcumstan c e s and
by t h e r e s p e cti v e forms o f b e i n g accustomed , the origin o f
w h i c h w e may fin d n o w h e r e e l s e but in th e interests of th e
e c o n o m i c system . E v e ry k i n d of spe cifi c attribute in sexual ity
i n cl u d i n g e v en th e bi o l o gi c con stitution up until t o the
percepti o n - structures o f e v e rybody are entirely c o n d i t i o n e d by
means of the above m e n t i on e d s e x u a l i zati on of the p arti al ­
d r i v e s ( Partialtri e b e ) w h i c h are activ ated as results of the
competiti o n between the ten d en c i e s coming from t h e e c o n omic
system o n t h e o n e h an d and the suppre s s e d (zu r O c kged rA n gten )
t en d e n c i e s aimin g at genitality on th e o t h e r hand .

By t h i s we c a n get quite c l e a r that t h e r e l a t i o n s of production

as a totality are sedimented i n th e body and in th e soul w h i c h
i s n o t h i n g but a man - ma d e o n e (Kunstprodukt Psyc h e ) . T h u s
e v ery c o n c ept w h i ch cl aims t o c o p e wi th the misery in
s e x u ality m u s t wreck , if it abstracts from th e totality o f the
 81

ruling relations of production o n the o n e h a n d and from its

necessary abolition on the other h an d . In SPK i t w a s our
primary interest to regard every immed i ate expression of a
w an t in sexu ality as a s u c h o n e w h i c h h a d been p ro d u c e d by
c ap italism and w h i c h therefore i n c l u d e d the w ant to b e worked
out as a s u c h on e . A n d for that v e ry reason c ertain outlooks
h a d to be rep l a c e d as b e i n g merely a b s t r a c t negations lf
for e x ample they r ai s e d t h e d em an d to ge t firstly c l e ar with
the d iffi c u l t i e s in s e x u a l i ty b e fore beginning t o w ork in
politics; o r that firstly s h o u l d h a v e been ab olish e d the private
o w n e rship ( p r i v ate property) of the pro d u c t i v e machines and to
s tart the eman c i p a t i on in s e x u al i ty l ater on . Q u i t e on the�
c o n trary w e tri e d to l o o k o u t for prac t i c a l p o s sibilities i n
startin g s e x u a l r e l a t i o n s alw ays r e s p e c t i v e the immedi ate l i v i n g
c o n d i t i o n s of the person c o n stituting the r e a 1
( b e s t i m m t e ) n e gati o n .

The original n e gation of s e x u ality ( d i e e i n fa c h e Negation d e r

S e x u aliHit) i s t h ere as the e v e r a c c ompli s h e d f a c t of the
s e x u a l energies being splitted into the p arti a l - drives (Parti a l ­
tri e b e ) c a u s e d by h a v i n g b e e n born within the r e l a t i o n s of
production o f th e c apitalist System ( v oyeurism, commodity­
fetishism, perversions and s o on ) . It i s t h e e x change v alue
(Tauschwert) which produces the p artial - d rives (die Partial ­
triebe ) , splitting genitality and perverting it to oral and an al
functions and d isfu n c tions b efore g e n i t ality was reached s i n c e
long a g o i n h istory and s i n c e e a rl i e s t t i m e s in e v ery chil d h o o d .
Submitt e d to and repressed by t h e e x c h an g e v al u e (Tauschwert)
all s o - c a l l e d " i n t e r - h u m an " r e l ationsh i ps ( " zw i s c h en ­
mensch l i ch e " Beziehungen ) are p re - d etermi n e d i n order to b e
n othing but rel ati o n s between o bj e cts ( = e x change of n e uro ­
ticisms ) . To turn o bj e c t - obj e c t - r e l at i o n s i n t o s u bj e c t - subj e c t ­
relations i s a task and a problem w h i c h o n l y can b e c o m e a
r e s o lv e d o n e if th e re is political practice a b l e to d o the
n e gation ( N e g ati o n ) agai n s t a l l e x c h ange v a l u e s all about ;
CLASS -WARFARE ! ( KLASSENKAMPF ! ) ( 4 1 ) .

The p r o c e s s of e m an c i p ating s e x u ality c an be outlined as

fo llows i n a somewhat s c h ematic w ay :

1.) There i s t o s t art from that there i s th e n e gation of

s e x u a l ity b e i n g a l i fe - fu n c t i o n an d there i s also to
start from t h e prerequ i s i t e that there exists a
dominating control t i e d to the p arti a l - d r i v e s
( c ommodity - feti s h i sm ) . T h e su rrounding o bj e cts being
s e x u alized by means of t h e p arti a l - d r i v e s therefore also
pro d u c e anxiety. Firstly thus i t i s n e c e s s ary t o l i b erate
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th e parti al - d r i v e s from th eir c ontents i n repres entati on

( V o rstell u n gs i n h alten ) w h i c h make anx i e ty . On this le vel
as a prim ary on e e v ery kind o f activity and practi s i n g
s e x u ality h as to b e s u p p o rt e d an d encouraged (for
ex ample mastu rbati o n i s in n o way h armful , but from
what d anger c a u s e d by masturb a t i o n surely may result
are t h o se c ontents in represen tati on w h i c h are self­
d e struc tive , namely m a s o c h i s t i c and s a d i s t i c ones ) .

2.) Negation o f the p arti al - drives submissing them t o th e

genital fu nction ( Genitalfu n k t i on ) . In order to pass fro m
1 ) to 2 ) as prere quisite th ere h as to e x i st a partn er­
s h i p in sexuality and the readiness to c o o p e rate . A s a
trans itory fac t there m ay rise b e it o nly temporarily
some inclinati o n to promi s c u ity which nevertheless soon
will d i s ap p e ar as s o o n as th ere h a s been realized the
n e c e s s ity o f coop erati on w ith t h o s e ln group members ,
w h o h a d b e en the fi rst c h o i c e each oth er practi sing
s e x u al1ty .

3.) B e c a u s e s e x u a l ity is yet splitte d away from life - fu n cti o n

i n its total ity n o w it h as to be integrate d to th e b e i n g
a s u bject w h i c h c o n s i s ts o f the p o l i t i c a l i d e n t i t y But
.

n e v erth e l e s s w e h av e to k e e p w e l l in m e m ory t h a t e v en
i f w e s uc c e e d in organ i zi ng s e x u a l i ty be it only as a
b e g i n n i n g ( ansatzw e i s e) in a genital w ay , an d if w e also
s u c c e e d in e l iminati n g the p arti a l - drives best w e c a n ,
n e v erth e l e s s th ere rem ains something of th e stran g e n e s s
i n p arti cul arity a n d i n s p l i tting as far as the li fe ­
c ontext in its totality remai n s an ali e n a t e d ( e n t fr e m d e t )
o n e to w h i c h t h e single p e rs o n s (Einzelne n ) are
s u bmitte d , these conditi o n s p e rmanentl y and perpetu ally
remain i n g to work against us ( p l a c e of work , fami l y ,
s c h o o l , u n i v ersity i n i t s b e i n g organ ized b y t h e
capi tali st System ) . B u t there als o i s t h e p o s s i b i l ity to
achi e v e real h ap p i n e s s in s e x u a l i ty n o w a n e x p e ri e n c e d
o n e , a b l e t o m o b i l i z e j u s t t h o s e e n ergi es ( p o w ers from
illness) which w e n e e d to stand u p agai n st th e
d e structive a n d l i fe - in imical System in order to create
th e prerequisites w h i c h we n e e d t o regain our b o d i ly
life in the context of w hic h s e x u ality represents the
o n e fo c u s from w h i c h s t arts as well c ommunity as its
b e c om i n g a failing and d e stru c ti v e o n e .

Th e q u e s t i o n w h ether th ere e x i s t s a s o l u ti on of the m i s ery i n

s e x u al i ty o r not i s d i r e c t e d to practical b e h avio ur and far
aw ay from being a s u bj e c t t o any t h e s i s o r th eory ( 42 ) .
 83

THIS TEXT IS BUT A BEGINNING . . .

VI Illness and Capitalism

23 . ) IDENTITY O F ILLNESS AND CAPITALISM

" I t ( t h e m an u factury ) c r i p p 1 e s t h e w o rkman to a n

a b n o r m i t y , w h i l e fav ouring h i s very p arti a l s k i l l
( Detallgesch ick ) j u s t in the way of a h o t h o u s e (treibh ausma'3ig
fO rdert) by means o f s u p p r e s s i n g a w o rl d of drives
(Trieben) and disposition s , just as o n e d o e s i n the L a - Pl a t a ­
Stat.es w h e re t h e y s l a u g h t e r a w h o l e animal , in o r d e r t o prey
only its c o at o r its t a l l o w . " - " The human being i s m erely
realized ( v e rwirkl l c h t ) as a fragm e n t ary ( Fragme n t ) p art of h i s
o w n body . " - " A certain cripp l i n g in m e n t a l i ty a n d b o d y i s an
i n s e p arable a n d constituting ( u n z e rtre n n l i c h ) e l ement i t s e l f i n
e v e ry k i n d o f d i v i s i o n of l abour as it i s represented i n t h e
soci ety as a w h o l e o n e and on its l arge s c al e . But b e c aus1� t h e
manufactory p e r i o d d e v e l op s t h e spli tti n g o f a l l b r a n c h e s in
s o c i al w ork (Zers p a l t u n g der Arb eitszw e i g e ) u p to a m u c h
h 1 g h e r l e v e l ( v i e l w e i t e r f ii h r t ) , seizing the
i n d i v i d u a l at i t s r o o t o f l i f e ( s e i n e L e b e n s -
w u r z e 1 ) n o t before this s trange s e p arati on of w ork
( e igentilmliche Teilun g ) i s ach i e v e d , i t i s not until then that it
(the manufactory p e ri o d } furn i s h e s also the m aterial and th e
imp u l s e for t h e i n d u s t r i a 1 p a t h o 1 o g y . " ( 4 3 ) .

Illness i s t h e o n e e s s e n tial conditi o n , i l l n e s s i s the

prerequ isite and that w h i c h results from the production process
in capitalist System ( w e j u st h av e lined out by some words of
Karl Marx ) . P r o d u c t i o n an d its p r o c e s s e s and procee dings
in capitalist System and d e s t r u c t i o n of l i fe is the s ame
thing which h ap p e n s in this proces s . There p e rm anently rE! S U l t s
d estru c t i o n o f l i fe , w h i l e capital i s prod u c e d . C a p i t a l i s t System
alw ays requi res ( w ird b e h e rr s c h t } accumu l ation ( M arx ) , and t h i s
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i s t h e pri mary n e ed o f c a p i tal i sm . I l l n e s s e x p r e s s e s the l i fe ­

d estru c t in g force o f c apital ism . Illn ess i s prod u c e d col l e c ti v e l y :
th a t ' s to say that the p e r s o n w h o w o r k s ( d er A rb e i t en d e ) , b y
c r e a t i n g th e m atter c a p i t a l ( d as Kapital ) , w h i c h c o n fronts i t s e l f
to h i m as a n unknown ( frem d e ) p o w e r in s p i t e o f b e i n g
p ro d u c e d by h i m s e l f, p ro d u c e s c o l l e c t i v e l y ( t ogether
w i t h all t h e o t h e r persons who work in th i s c apit a l i s t p roc e s s )
h i s own l o n e l i n e s s ( V e r e i n z e l u n g ) . Therefore i t i s
nothi n g b u t a strict c o n s e q u e n c e i n t h i s c o n te x t , t h a t t h e s o ­
c a l l e d h e a l th i n sti tut i o n s d o n o t h i n g b u t perpetuate t h i s
l o n e l i n e s s , for th e h e a l t h i n s ti tu t i o n s treat al l those sym p t o m s
n o t a s s u c h o n e s , w h i c h a r e produced c o l l e c t i v e l y , but quite on
the contrary o n l y in a m a n n e r a s i f they were n o t h ing b u t a
fate of a s i n g l e o n e b e i n g g u i l ty a n d h a v i n g fai l e d . But i n d e e d
t h e c ap i t a l i s t System a l s o creates in th e s h ap e o f i l l n e s s t h e
most d an g erous we apon against i tself. Th erefore i t ' s quite c l e a r
that c a p i t a l i s m i n t h e case o f b e ing con fro n t e d with the
progre s s i v e moment of i l l n es s soon will m o u n t its sh arpest
w e a p o n s : h e al t h s e c t o r , j u d i c i ary , p o l i c e . I n t h e o b j e c t i v e
v i e w i l l n e s s as a d estroyed l abour force ( d e fe k te = n i c h t
v e rw er t b are Arbei tskraft ) i s t h e grav e - di gger o f capital i s m .
I l l n e s s = i n tern b arri er o f c a p i t a l i s m : i f all persons at o n c e
fal l i n i l l n e s s ( ak u t k r a n k = arbeltsun flih i g ) , t h u s b e c o m i n g
u n a b l e to w o rk , all p o s s ib i l i ti e s to p ro d u c e surplus v a l u e
( M e h rw e r t ) are completely e x h a u s t e d .

Illness i f it i s b a s e d on a c o l l e ct i v e process of c o n s c i o u s n e s s
i s t h e o n 1 y o n e ( d i e ) force o f prod u c t i o n i n
rev o l u t i o n n o w a d ay s fol l o w i n g grad u a l l y t h e steps o f effe c ti v e ­
n e s s a s there are : protest i n th e state o f a s t o p p i n g , c o n s c i o u s
protes t , c o l l e c t i v e c o n s c i o u s n e s s , w arfare b a s e d on s o l i d ar i ty .

The fun c tion of t h e h e alth system l s to maintain the po ssi ­

bility to e x p l o i t t h e c o m m o d i ty l ab o u r force and to el evate i t
o n a h i gh e r l e v e l o n t h e o n e h an d , and on the other hand
h e al t h system h a s t o care a b o u t t h e p h armaceutic an d the
m e d i c o - te c h n i cal i n d u stri e s in order to realize the s u r p l u s
v alues in those and oth er s e ctors of i n d u stry ( t h e h e a l t h
s y s t e m i s t h e c i r c u l a t i o n sector o f t h e p h armac e u t i c a n d the
m e d i c o - t e c h n i cal i n d u stry ) . Therefore t h e i l l person i s t h e
o bj e ct o f a t w o - fo l d e x p l o i tati on : t h e d e s troyed l a b o u r fo rce
has t o b e repaired i n ord e r to c o n t i n u e i t s e x p l o i t ati o n ; as a
c o n s u m i n g person the i l l o n e is a v e ry fas h i o n a b l e m ark e t
( s orgt e r fiir d e n r e i b u n g s l o s e n A b s a t z ) o f the m e d i c o - t e c h n i c a l
a n d t h e ph armac e u ti c i n d u stri e s .
 85

P r o t e s t , i n w h i c h c o n s i s t s t h e progre s s i v e m o m e n t of i l l n e s s
thus i s k i l l e d ; t h e reaction ary m o m e n t , th e s t o p p i n g
( H e m m u n g ) b e c o m e s a r e i n forced one by m e a n s of repro ­
d u c t i o n in the treating a n d h e al i n g pro c e s s ( = r e p a i r of the
labour forc e , o f the abUlty to w o rk ) . And what i n d e e d i s taken
away from the ill person i s his or h e r urgent need to struggl e
for c h ange .

L i fe is c h an g e , t h a t m e a n s stru ggle against the forc e s of

n ature i n order t o appropriate n ature i n a productive w ay ( zu r
pro d u k t i v e n A n e i g n u n g d e r N atur) . T h e capitalist System i t s e l f
starts i t s c o n fron t ation agai n s t l ife i n the m a n n e r o f a n atural
fo rc e . Prote s t , that means l i fe - e xp re s s i on , p e rm anently is
k i l l e d ; that i s n o t h i n g but organized murder in p e rm an e n c E! . I f
t h i s murder i s e x e c u t e d by the i n s t i t u t i o n s of fam i l y , s c h o o l
a n d s o on , it i s n am e d e d u c a t i o n . E d u c at i o n i n n o w ay talc e s
an i n terest t o s a t i sfy the real n e e d s o f h u m a n b e i n gs , b u t
quite on t h e c o n trary e d u c atj o n w o r k s to k i l l t h o s e n e e d s
( B e d firfn l s s e ) w h i l e obeying o n l y t o th e comman d s and d em a n d s
of t h e n atural for c e ( N aturgew alt) w h i c h i s accumul ati on ( o f
s u r p l u s v a l u e ) in t h e c a p i t a l i s t System ; c apital i s t a ccumu lat i o n
a n d m a s s m u r d e r t h u s i s o n e and t h e same thing !

24.) THE PROLETARIAT WHICH I S A REVOLUTIONARY

PROLETARIAT IN THE DEFINITION OF ILLNESS
(UNTER DER BESTIMMUNG KRANKHEIT)

N o t e a c h o n e of t h e ill p e r s o n s ( i n fac t e v e ry b o d y is i l l )
b e l o n gs to the r e v o l u t i o n ary c l as s . But e v e r y b o d y w h o u s e s t h e
progre s s i v e m o m e n t s of i l l n e s s a c t s r e v o l u t i on ary .

Where then w i l l run the c l a s s fronts is to be pointed o u t b y

r e v o l u ti o n ary s t r u g g l e i t s e l f; remem b e r t h a t t h e r e are a n d that
there have been existed in all revolutions a l s o reaction ary a n d
fas cist gangs , w h i c h w e r e recru i t e d from members w h o b e l o n g e d
to the pro l e t arian c l a s s .

It i s n o t a s i m p l e a n d m e c h a n i c a l d efi n i t i o n o f t h e cla ss
situation ( K l a s s e n l ag e ) , which d e c i s i v e ly m a k e s t h e differe n c e
between b e l o n g i n g or n o t b e l o n g i n g to th e r e a l revolution ary
subj e c t (Zugehorigkeit zum rev o l u t i o n aren Subj e k t ) . But
 86

c 1 a s s - � o n s c i o u s n e s s and c l a s s - v i e w are th e
criteria an d m arks w h i c h r i s e fro m the stru ggle .

In the e c onomic system o f n ow ad ays a l l prol etari a n s , th at i s

t h e prol etariat as a s u c h o n e w h i c h i s i n h i b i t e d by the
reaction ary moment of i l l n e s s , therefore the stopped prole tariat
h as good c h a n c e s to fl o at l i k e drift - w o o d in the waves of the
fre e - d em o crati c i l l e g a l i ty until i t will be drow n e d . Only as
prol e tari at i n i l l n e s s - and t o b e ill i s his e s s e n t i al mark , for
.if the c o n trary were tru e , the proletariat w o u l d have c a n c e l l e d
s i n c e l o n g a g o t h e basic antagonism ( Grun d w i d e rspru c h = class
antagon i s m ) regard l e s s of all th e awfu l rh etorics of his patrons
amo n g s t t h e students - n o w a n d w i t h i ll n e s s w i l l develop h i s
r e v o l u t i o n a r y f o r c e , w h i c h for s u re w i l l be s i t u ated
b e y o n d ( a u � e r h a l b ) t h e fre e - d emocrati c i l l e g al i ty ; for
in t h i s c o n t e x t he l a c k s all r i gh t s , d o e s n ' t · p o s s e s s a n y t h i n g
w h at c o u l d b e apt for e x propri a t i n g the l a b o u r force o f oth e r
p e o p l e , p o s s e s s e s n o t h i n g - b e i t a h o m e , a car or a refri ­
gerator - n o t h i n g , w h i c h is n o t ev ery time u n d e r th e comman d
( V erfii g u n g s g e w a l t ) of t h e c a p i t ali s t forc e s ( d e s Kapltal s ) . H i s
m u s c l e s , n e r v e s a n d b o d i e s n o h o w e v e r d i d b e l o n g to the pro ­
letarians for t h e respective fun c t i o n s are pre - program e d i n a
m a n n e r w h i c h starts from t h e b a s i c rel ati ons of capitalism
which p u t s i t s m ark s i n t o e v e ry proletarian p e rs o n , e v e n l on g
a g o b e fore b e i n g b o rn o r h a v i n g b o rn e , e v erybody t h u s b e i n g
programed f o r b e s t p o s s i b l e expropri at i o n . T h i s program b o t h
e x i s t s a s a m a t e ri al power c o n s i s t i n g of the factori e s o f
s u b o rd i n ation as th e re are fami l y , h om e , s c h o o l , b arrac k s , p l a c e
of w o rk , o ffi c e , m e d i c al c e n tre a n d m e n t al h o s p i t a l , prison a n d
s o on . U p t o n o w a d ay s a d e fi n i ti o n w h i c h K arl M a r x took d o w n
i n t h e C o m m u n i s t M a n i fe s t ( Komm u n i s t i s ch e s M a n i fe s t 1 8 4 8 ) i s
c o rre c t , w h e n M ar x u n d erl i n e d t h a t proletarians a r e th o s e w h o
h a v e n ot h i n g t o l o s e b u t t h e i r c h ai n s , h u t t h a t t h e prol e ­
tari a n s a l s o a n d e s p e c i a l l y are t h e n e gation ( N e gati o n ) o f t h e
c a p i tal i s t S y s t e m w h i c h h a s turn e d t h em into being a n oth i n g ,
- i n d e e d : proletariat i n the d e fi n i t i o n o f i l l n e s s .

T h e p r o l e t ar i a n c l a s s , pre - program e d b y capital i s m , material for

expropri a t i o n and t h u s b e i n g s u n k i n t o i l l n e s s from the b e ..:.
gin n i n g , systematic ally particul arized , c u t u p (zerstiickel t.) and
cri p p l e d i n all h i s p o s s i b i l i t i e s of d e v e l o pm e n t for t h e only
purpose t o gain t h e b e s t fas h i o n a b l e rate o f profi t s , thus
thrown into a situation in w h i c h a l l g o o d a n d best i n tenti o n s
n ei t h e r by work - c ol l e a g u e s n o r tra d e - un i on s , s o c i a l w e l fare
tri b u n al s ( Sozi algeri c h te ) , h e alth s y s t e m , nor anybody or
anyth i n g else can h e l p o r d o anyth i n g , simply b e c a u s e o f the
only fact , that t h e i l l person thoroughly is s i tu at e d beyond the
 87

frame o f " ri gh t s " - therefore th e prol e t arian c l ass c an b e e o rn e

i n n o m e a n s a system - bu r s t i n g o n e , i f n o t t h e prol etarians
mark t h e m s e l v e s by i l l n e s s a n d b e gi n t o stru ggle an d to l i v e
as s e l f - m ark e d o n e s b as i n g th em s e l v e s on the d e fi n i t i o n o f
i l ln e s s . For t h e y a r e m atured to b e system - b ursting ( system­
spren gen d ) by n o b o dy and n ot h i n g b u t by t h e ruli n g cl ass of
t h e ruling c a p i t a l i s t System itself. This n o t b e c au s e then:! was
any capri c e (nicht aus e i n e r L au n e h er au s ) , b u t b e c a u s e i ll n e s s
and capitali s m c o n s t i tu t e a d i al e c t i c u n i t ( s ond e rn w e i l Kapital
und Kran k h e i t eine d i a l e k ti s c h e I d entitat d arstell en ) (45 ) .

A n important fac t , w h i c h p r o v e s that t h e p ro l e t arian class in

i l l n e s s i s t h e r e v o l u t i o n ary p r o l e tari at , for e x am p l e i s ttw
m atter of fac t , th at about 35 % and e v e n more of th e tak e ­
h om e p ay a s s o - c al l e d s o c i a l s e curity c o n t r i b u t i o n s are
transfo rm e d t o c api tal by the c o n tro l l i n g i n st it ut io ns of t h e
Stat e , that m e an s th at they are i n v e s t e d i n t o t h e capitalist
economy, " w ork i n g " t h e re among o t h e r th i n g s a s preventi o n ­
reserves i n the c a s e s of an e c o n o m i c cri s i s ( K ri se n p u ffer -·
k apazitat ) . If a w o r k e r gains 8 0 0 DM w a g e s a m o n t h , 2 8 0 DM
are at the s am e time automatically t a k e n a w ay , w h at th e;v c a l l
" so c i a l " " s ec u r i t y " c o n t r i b u t i o n s ( i l l n e s s , i n v alidity , s e n i l i ty ) .
b u t w h i c h are d e s t i n e d t o fl o w into the e c o n omy s e rv i n g there
for the a c c u m u l a t i o n of capital an d , as just m e n ti o n e d , fo r the
treatm e n t. n o t o f p er s o n s , b u t o c c a s i o n ally for th e economic
c ri s e s , the u n treatable " ch i l d h o o d - i l l n e s s " of e v e ry capitalist.
System u n t i l n o w a n d in a l l fut u r e . Th u s t h e w orking c l a s s
p e rman e n t l y i s for c e d to produce n o t o n l y s u r p l u s v al u e , b u t
a l s o i n v estment matters f o r th e i n d ustry a n d u n d e r t h e pretext
to d e a l w i t h matters being good fo r repairing t he ir own J ab o u r
for c e i t s e lf, d e stroyed by the others by m e a n s o f e x p l oitati on ,
to b e p a i d q u i t e s e l f - u n d e rstan d i n g w ith th e s h o rt money o u t
o f t h e i r own w ages , t h e w o r k i n g c l a s s i s j u s t p a y i n g for
someth i n g w h i c h h as n o t h i n g to do e v e n w i th th e i r l ab o u r fo rce
at al l .

The h e alth system w h i c h i s n o t h i n g b u t a n i n stitu ti o n for

repairing and c ontrol l i n g o f th e d e s troy e d l a b o u r force ( th i s i s
th e fu n c t i o n o f i t s therapeutic and di agnostic d a s l'l tioard )
autom ati c al l y b r e a k s c o n s tituti o n a l rights ( s e tzt Grundrechte
au(3er Kraft ) . I t d ea l s with pati e n t s as if they w e re n o t h i n g
but o bj ec t s and thi n g s . But at t h e s am e tim e , j u s t by that i t
therefore c o n s ti tu t e s th e basic n atural right of s e l f- d efenc e !
In a more d e t a i l e d v i e w there are b r o k e n in th e w ay of a
crim i n al c o n s p iracy the basic rights ( Gru n d re c h t e ) as fo ll o w :
fre e d om o f m o v e m e n t ( Freizilgigk ei t ) , h ab e a s corpus ( Unverletz­
l i c h k e i t d e r P e r s o n ) , fre e e x p r e s s i o n o f opinion (Fr e ihe it der
 88

M e i n u n gs au(3erun g ) , s an c ti ty of t h e m a i l ( s elf- u n d e rstan d i n g

a n d u s u al i n all i n stituti o n s l i k e pris o n s . A n staltsordn un g ) ,
j u d i c i al h e ar i n g ( r e c h tl i c h e s G e h o r ) etc . e t c . There p e rm a n e n tly
take place t h e fol l o w i n g crimes : d e pri vation of l i berty ( s p e c i al
perm i s s i o n of the h e al th system - fu n c t i on aries - E i n w e i s u n g s ­
b e fu g n i s d e r F u n k tion are d e s G e s u n d h eitswesen s ) , b o d il y i nj u ry
(Korperverletzun g ) , k i d n appin g , ex torti o n , coerci o n , h ard labour
for patients impri so n e d i n mental h o s p i t a l s an d rehabi litation
centre s .

B y that th ere i s u rgently e x p o s e d for a l l i l l people t h e

n e c es si ty f o r s e l f- d e fe n c e .
The n e e d for c h an ge r e l a t e d to the pressure w h i c h s tarts from
s u fferi n g ( L e i d e n s d ru c k ) h a s t o b e d i recte d agai n s t a n d aim at
t h e o bj e c t b y w h i c h i s generated i l l n e s s , persecuting the
e s s e n t i a l m atter from w h i c h i l l n e s s comes , and that i s the
s o c i a l order b a s e d o n c a p i t a l i s m , this one s o c i a l o r d e r , w h i c h
h as b e c o m e t h e s e c o n d ary n ature of everybody ( th a t w h i c h i s
c al l e d e l s ew h ere : s ou l ) . T h e h uman b a s i c want i s pro d u cti o n ,
that m e a n s to create a l l p o s s i b i l i t i e s w h i c h are n e c e s s ary in
order to a s s i m i l at e n ature i n t h e b e s t and m o s t enthusiastic
w ay (zur optim alen u n d lu stv o l l e n A n e i g n u n g d e r Natu r ) ;
n o thi n g e l s e c an be m e an t by the e x p r e s s i o n : struggl e agai n s t.
. t h e n atural forc e s . But w h a t i s taking p l ace h e re a n d n o w a d ay s
i s t o e arn surplus valu e , accumulation of capi tal a n d de st ru c ­
t i o n o f l i fe . T h e u t i l i ty v al u e ( Ge brau c h s w ert) o f the c o mm o ­
d i ti e s , j u s t as l ife i t s e l f, a r e n o t h i n g b u t w aste prod u c t s of the
c a p i t a l i s t rel ati o n s o f produ ction { k api tal ist i s c h e Produkti o n s ­
verhaltn i s s e ) a n d i n thi s d e g e n e rated fo rm t h e y are treated
fol l o w i n g t h e l a w s of capital i sm : " e x - an d - th row away " ( " ex ­
u n d - h op p " ) or " u s e it and throw it a w a y " ( " n ac h Gebrauch
w e gw erfe n " ) .

But t h e p ro d u c ti v e force o f our c o n s c i o u s n e s s which i s the

condition t o regain t h e m at e r i a l m atters o f production i s a b l e
to c o n q u e r t h e n atural v i o l e n c e of c a p i t a l i s m :

D o n ' t take alcoh o l , d o n ' t take pi l l s , w h i c h make you go

asleep o r qui e t . Don ' t take spee d s : take the power, that ' s
better .
If y o u feel bad , i f you s i t in fro n t of the t e l e v i s i o n
s c r e e n a n d a r e bore d , then you ought to le arn , that
television i s p o i s o n o u s .

Attention television : poison .

 89

A l c o h o l k i l l s by h u n d r e d k i l ometers an h o u r . The
c apitalist s o c i ety even kllls w al k i n g on fo o t .

Labour m e d i c i n e : m e d i c i n e of e x p l o itati o n or exploitation

itself?

Labour m e d i c i n e : prote cti on of the work ers or factory ' s

p o l i c e (Werkschutz ) ?

Prote c t i o n of l ab o u r (Arb e it s s c h u t z ) for h a r d work i n g 1 1

m o n th s a y e ar , s o that y o u c an l i v e 4 w e e k s on paid
l e av e . B u t y o u need to live for 1 2 m o n t h s .
A fter a w e ar i n g d o w n and d u l l w ork - d ay y o u lack all
e n t h u s i a s m t o make love ( k e i n e Lust zu v o g e l n ) . The
m e d i c i n e there can d o n o thing w i t h i t s p i l l s and i t s big
tal k s . But. what i s n e c e s s ary i s to c h a n g e the work i n g ­
d ay , to make i t w orth l i v i n g . T h e d o c t o r , t h a t
a r e y o u r s e l v e s . ( D e r A r z t , d a s s e i d I h r ) .
T a k e o v e r the p o w e r i n the factory a n d i n t h e s o c i e t y ,
b e c o m e m a s t e r s o f y o u r l i fe .

Y o u are tire d , b e c a u s e t h e w ork y o u d o m a k e s y o u p u k e

a n d m a k e s y o u b e a wreck ( a n k otzt, k ap u ttm ac h t ) -
refu s e stimul a t i n g p i l l s ( v erwei gert A ufputschmitt e l ) .
W o r k e r s !
If y o u are fe d u p w i th the stre s s i n g c omma n d s of y o ur
forem e n , your b o s s e s or of the m a c h i n e s , th en there rest
only two s o l u t i on s :
1.) Y o u c l ai m t h at t h e w o rk must e n d immediate l y . The
s o c i al s e curity has to p ay for you. But k e e p in y o ur
m i n d t h at the a c c o u n t w h i c h h as to b e p ai d , is y o u r
turn , w h e n al l h as fi n i s h e d .
2.) Or y o u p u t a l l p o w e r i n the factories u n d e r your
o w n c omman d by m a k i n g revoluti o n , t h a t ' s bettHr . "
(46 )

25.) ABOUT THE "HEALTHY" SOCIALISTS AND ABOUT THE

REACTIONARY DOGMATISM OF CERTAIN "LEFTIES"

If the SPK h a d to argue i n p u b l i c d i s c u s s i o n s with l e fti e s , i t

w a s quite u s u a l , t h at t h e l e ft i e s s h o w e d ten d e n c i e s to
d o gmatism w h i c h w e re related to t h e marxian analysis of
c apital ism , for e x am p l e i n t h e c a s e , w h ether a teacher s h o u l d
 90

b e c o n c e i v e d a s a prod u c e r o f s u r p l u s v a l u e o r n o t . I n o u r
o p i n i o n w e started from t h e point that t h e t e a c h e r i s w o rk i n g
i n t h e p ro d u ction process o f t h e comm o d i ty l a b o u r fo rc e . F o r
form i n g th e c o mm o d i ty l ab o u r for c e ( p u pi l , appren t i c e and
s t u d e n t ) i n t h e manner which i s d em a n d e d by the n e c e s s i t i e s
of th e h i gh s p e c i alized l ate c a p i t al i s t. ( s p atk apital i s t i s chen )
p r o d u c t i o n p r o c e s s so th at t h e l ab o u r force becomes a q u a l i fi e d
o n e , t h a t i s i t i s getting reinfo r c e d ( potenziert) there s i m p l y i s
a d d e d m or e v a l u e t o t h e commodity l a b o u r force by s p e c i al i zi n g
i t a n d by m a k i n g i t h i g h e r q u a l i fi e d , and this s u rp l u s of v a l u e
t h e n b e c o m e s an assimilated o n e by c a p i t al i sm w h i c h a t the
same t i m e transforms it to s u r p l u s v al u e . I t i s the capitalist
a c c u m u l at i o n then w h i c h reaps th e h i gh e s t possible b e n efi t
( H au p tn u tzn i e� e r ) of t h i s i n c r e a s e of p r o d u c ti v i ty , combined to
the i n c r e a s i n g special i z ati on .

B u t t h e o n e - s i d e d and d o gm atic m ak i n g u s e of th e d e fi n it i o n
p ro d u c t i v e w o r k e r or l a b o u r e r i n total i ty ( p r o d u k t i v e r G e s a m t ­
arb e i t e r ) b e i n g ap p l i e d w i th o u t e x c e p t i o n on th e c l a s s i c a l
i n d u stri a l prol etari an p e o p l e ( k l as s i s c h e s I n d u stri e p r o l e tari a t )
b e c a u s e of t h e i n d u stri al l abourers b e i n g c o n s i de r e d as the
o n l y gro u p i n t h e s o c i ety which creates a l o n e an d as a such
o n e a l l r i c h n e s s i n t h e s o c i e ty , t h i s v i e w i s a m i s t ak e , fo l l o w e d
by reacti on ary e ffects .

T h e roots of th i s o n e - s i d e d n e s s fo r s u r e are n o u ri s h e d by t h e
f a c t t h a t m o s t of th e stu d e n t l efti e s d i d n ' t s t a r t from t h e i r
o w n n e ed s , that i s from thei r o w n c o n s c i o u s n e s s of t h e i r o w n
o bj e c t i v e l y s e ttl e d c l a s s s i t u ati o n , b u t i n stead o f entering
marxism i n t h i s way q u i t e on th e c o n trary started from their
( qu i t e l e gitimate - d u rc h a u s b e r e c h t i gten } d i s s ati s faction with
organ izati o n a n d contents of t h e i r stu d i e s , an d l ater o n they
realized t h e o b j e c t i v e c l a s s s i t u ati on of th e prol etariat,
w h i c h t h e y promptly treated as t h e mere o b j e c t of th e i r
agitat i o n , i d ealizin g an d even t ak i n g it fo r t he ir feti s h . B u t
rath e r all d e p e n d s o n r e a l i z i n g that the c r i p p l e d and m u t i l a t e d
c o n s c i o u s n e s s h a s t o b e c om e an o bj e c t of agitatio n - w ork i n t h e
c o l l e c ti v e , an d th e m o s t i m p o r t a n t step to d o this m e d i ation of
n e c essity ( V ermi t t l u n g s s t u fe dieser Notw e n d i g k e i t } i s t o grasp
(das B e g r e i fe n ) h i s o w n illness just a s o n e ' s o w n o n e . Th e
d i ffi c u lty for l eft s t u d e n ts to w ork o u t a p o l i t i c a l practi c e ,
w h i c h i s a c o n s e q u e n t o n e , i s g i v e n by the fact th at e v e ry
k i n d of d o gm at i c " t h i n k i n g " - work c a u s e s t h e v e i l i n g of o n e ' s
o w n i l l n e s s . O n l y by l e ar n i n g thi s w e a r e a b l e to u n d erstan d ,
why a l e ft s t u d e n t i n a d i s c u s s i o n c o u l d s ay t h e fol l o w i n g : " I
myself d o n ' t b e l o n g t o t h e e x p l o i t e d c l a s s , b e c a u s e I re c e i v e a
gran t . " C l a s s c o n s c i o u s n e s s j u s t can rise o n l y from t h e stru ggle
 91

b e t w e e n c l a s s e s , w h i c h soon w i l l form th e r e s p e c t i v e class

c o n s c i o u s n e s s . I n any c a s e the quality i l l n e s s ( Q u alitat
Kran k h e i t ) i s the relating link of a l l those who are struck by
t h e suppressing mach i n e ( Unterdrfi c k u n gsappar at ) .

Wh at they m e an about i l l n e s s i s v e ry characteri s t i c of a l o t of

p e o p l e ( e sp e c i a l l y students} regard i n g their behaviour and their
argumentation w h i l e calling themse l v e s " so c i a l i s ts " . They c o n ­
s i d e r i l l n e s s as i f i t w e r e an i s o l ate d , n egati v e th i n g a n d
n o th i n g b u t a stoppin g . T h e y regard i l l n e s s as a part o f their
" priv ate l l fe " , as a trou b l e , about which e v e rybody has to get
along a l on e , but which i n no case is a l l o w e d t o " bother" any
p o l itical activity . But taking o n e s e l f for a " s o u n d " socialist
w i t h i n t h e s o c i e t y i n w h i c h w e l i v e , can b e
n oth i n g b u t t h e e x pression of an e l i t e c o n s c i o u s n e s s i n te n ­
dency, which i s quite a c o n s c i o u s n e s s d u e t o t h e
r e p r e s s i n g Sy s t e m , in whi ch w e l i v e ( s y s t e m -

i m m a n e n t e s E l itebewuJUsei n } .

From a " s o u n d " e l i t e c o n s c i o u s ne s s l i k e that i t fol l o w s t hat :

1 .) Artifi ci a l l y splitting of the own l i fe in a priv ate Hfe on
th e o n e h a n d a n d i n p o l i t i c al activ i ty o n the othe1·
h an d . By that t h e s e p aration betw e e n profession and
private l i fe , caused by t h e s o c i a l re l ati o n s , is
perm a n e n tly repro d u c e d a n d e v e ry kind o f political
a c t i v i t y r emai n s an a l i e n ated o n e .

2.) S e paration between v angu ard a n d t h e m a s s e s . Cast

therefore a glance on the fal s e application o f defi -­
n i ti o n s l i k e " v angu ard " and "masses " , regardi n g thE!
b a c k grou n d of that w h a t Wilhelm R e i c h pointed out i n
t h e " M a s s - Psychol ogy u n d er Fascism " ( " Massenpsy c h o ­
l o g i e d e s Faschismu s " } a n d i n " L i s t e n , Li ttle M an "
( " Re d e a n d e n k l e i n e n Mann " } , w h e n h e dealt with the
d i fficulties to activate the masses to d e c i d e the m s e l v e s
w h ether they s h o u l d take p a r t in s o m e k i n d of mass
stri k e or not. W . Reich b a s e d h i s r e s e arch e s on the
m atter of fac t , that i n t h e c a s e o f a stri k e or i n the
c as e of a theft there i s never to p u t the qu e s tion why
t h o s e w o r k e r s are stri k i n g or why t h i s
person h a s stol e n som eth i n g , for quite on th e con trary
there is o n l y t h e question w h y , regard i n g the rulers h i p
of t h e s o c i a l relations as t h e y are , n o t a l l workers
p e r m a n e n t I y are stri k i n g , a n d why n o t a l ll
con sumers sati sfy t h e i r n e e d s by " th e ft " .
 92

T h e fu n c t i o n o f a true v a n g u ard can o n l y s tart from

the p r a c t i c e ( P r a x i s ) w h i c h i s to be fu l fi l l e d
i n t h e s e n s e of m u l t i - focal e x p a n s i o n i s m . Within th e
m u lti - fo c a l e x p a n s i o n i s m ev e ry fo c u s as a s u c h o n e
w o r k s i d e n ti c al l y a s if they w e re m a s s e s a n d v anguards
at o n c e , for i f th ey w ork i n t h e w ay of a foc u s
( m a s s e s ) th e y bri n g together th e s o c i a l c o n trad i c t i o n s i n
t h e i r i n n e r h e art a n d i f t h e y w o rk a s a h e arth ( v an ­
gu ard ) they d o i t b y applying th o s e c o n tradi c t i o n s
(In a n s p ru c h n ahm e ) , the progres s i v e moments o f those
c o n t r a d i c ti o n s b e i n g forw ard e d and acti v ated further o n
w i l l bri n g about a l l th e i r e ffe cts a l l o v e r i n the
surrou n d i n gs ; t h e c o ntrad i c tion between van guard and
masses w i l l b e resolved i n t h e expansive m o m e n t o f the
principle of multi - fo c a l e x p a n s i on i s m , w h e n t h e pro­
c e e d i n g gen eralization o f t h e revolution ary c o n s ci ou s ­
n e s s an d o f t h e r e v o l u t i o n ary acti v i t i e s c o n t i n u e s to
develop.

B u t q u i t e on th e c o ntrary an v a n g u ard , w h i c h o n l y h e r ­
s e l f c a l l s a n d tak e s h e r f o r a s u c h o n e , c o m e s out - if
w e say i t quite directly - a n d calls u p t h e workers to
d e v elop themselves a " re v oluti on ary" consci ousn ess . A
s o - c a l l e d v a n gu ard usi n g M arx - papers ( M arx - Te x t e }
t h e n ex plai ns to the workers th a t t h e r e e x i s ts exploita ­
t i o n agai n s t th e m . By their brains m o s t of the w orkers
m ay b e will c o n c e i v e it, b e c a u s e for them this fact
i n d e e d is far away from b e i n g som e news for th e m , b u t
n e v e rth e l e s s th ey l ac k the e x p e ri e n c e s o f a s u c c e s s fu l
struggl e i n s o l i d arity , an d e x p e r i e n c e s l i k e t h o s e c a n n o t
b e preach e d . A n d from that fol l ow s , that there will
fol l o w n o t h i n g i n a practical v i e w . It i s only i n a quite
a.bstract and i s o l ated ( p u n k tu el l und l s o l i ert} manner,
that to t h e n e e d s of the w o r k e rs i s payed atte n t i o n -
for e x am p l e if there i s d e al t w i th a s o - c al l e d " stru ggl e "
a g a i n s t t h e " gr i e v an c e s " ( " M i (3 s t iin d e " ) l i k e p o l l u t i o n o f
t h e e n v i ro n m e n t a n d h o u s i n g shortage . W i th i l l n e s s they
d e al only i n c o n n e c tion w i th an i n d u s tri al " a c c i d e n t "
( A rb e i t s " u n fal l " } and " v o c at i o n al " i l l n e s s ( " Berufs " ­
k r a n k h e i t ) , b u t by that i l l n e s s itself n e v e r w i l l b e
allowed t o e n t e r t h e c o n s c i o u s n e s s n o r to become a
m o b i l i zi n g p o w e r i n the c o n text of e x p l o i tation and of
th e n e e d s o f t h e single persons from which i t comes an d
of w h i c h it c o n s ists ( N o t u n d A u s b e u t u n g } .

The mass e s , t h e prol e tari a t , c o n c e i v e d as a merely

o bj e c t i v e matter of fact t h e n is treated by agi tation i n
a more o r l e s s s ch oolmasterl i k e m a n n e r . Th e n e e d s o f
 93

th e e x p l o i t e d and suppressed p o p u l ati on are c l a s s i fi e d

into such o n e s w h i c h seem to b e good fo r a g i t a t i o n and
s u c h o n e s about which ev erybody h a s t o go along in h i s
own l o n e l y way: repro d u c t i o n o f th e capitalist w ay of
e v a l u ation a n d garbage - operati n g ( k apital i stischer
Verwertu n g s - u n d Mii l l abfuhrbe tri eb ) .

3.) A l s o t h e outlook o f the " s ou n d " s o c i al i sts concerning

th e s o - c a l l e d pub l i c h e a l th ( G e s u n d h e i ts w e s e n ) i s v e ry
characteri s ti c : in th i s " t e rti ary s e ctor" ( " terti arer
Sektor " ) the assumption o f power ( M a chtfrage ) i s a
question to b e p u t l a s t of a l l . Yet the p u b l i c h e al th i s
a s e c t o r , w h i c h t h e y regard an d treat to " n ee d reforms
quite urgently " . But b e c a u s e the s o u n d " s o ci al i sts " d o n ' t
c are a b o u t w h at i s i l l n e s s i n d e e d ( Krank h e i t s b e griff)
they only sometimes and p u n c t u a l l y p o l emize and
agi tate only agai n s t th e s i n e c u r e s o f the b o s s e s in
medicine ( C h e farztpfrii n d e ) , agai n s t a p p l y i n g science t o
w arfare ( Kriegsfors c h u n g ) , agai n s t th1� p rofits of t h e
m e d i c al d ru g m a n u facturers ( Profi t e d e r A rzn eimittiel ­
i n d ustri e ) . agai n s t numerus c l a u s u s of the stu d e n t s i n
m e d i c i n e ( li m i t e d n u m b e r o f p l a c e s for those w h o w an t
to s t u d y m e d i c i n e ) e t c . etc . A n d e v e n t h e y make a
d i fferen c e between pure research ( G ru n d l agenforsch u n g ) ,
w h i c h i n th e i r o p i n i o n is tak e n for a " go o d " thing quite
o n the con trary to the w ar researc h e s ( Kriegs fors c h u n g ) ,
t h e s o - c a l l e d difference being i n t h e i r v i e w beyo n d all
question .

The n e c e s s ary ch anges an d reforms of t h e h e a l t h sector

i n t h e i r o p i n i on s h o u l d b e done by th o s e w h o work in
the h o s p i t a l s a n d b y the m e d i c a l s t u d e n t s . A s a c l oak
a n d a s an alibi for their class i nterests th e physi c i an s
a n d t h e m e d i c a l s tu d e n ts prete n d a b u si v e ly t o c are
about t h e rapy of the i l l n e s s (Kran k e n v ersorgu n g ) and
about th e " w e l l - b e i n g ( w e alth ) o f t h e patients " . A
m i s u s e , b e c a u s e the affl i cted o n e s , that m e a n s t h e
pati ents there h a v e n o t h i n g t o say of c o u r s e - b e c a u s e
as for t h e patients t h e y simply a r e ill , an d the d octors ,
t h e curators ( Pfl eger ) , th e n u r s e s a n d the m e d i c al
s t u d e n t s are by means of t h e i r own v a l i d ation " so u n d " .
A n d b y t h o s e o n e s t h e i l l patients fi rstly m u s t get
" s o un d " - for then they will get " so u n d " w ork ers , and
th e " h e alth " , if i t h a s been app l i e d t o t h e ill pati1ents
by m e a n s o f a treatm e n t and a view like that, s o w i l l
turn into the motor of rev o l u ti o n !
 94

·
" H e alth " i s n o t th e o p p o s i t e o f i l l n e s s . But h e alth i s a
thoroughly bourgeois l abel ( B egri ff) . What c orres p o n d s to
t h e subj e c t i v e s i d e of th i s h e alth is a c ri p p l e d ( e n t ­
s t e l l t e s ) c o n s c i o u s n e s s and h e alth i n t h i s s e n s e i s th e
same thi n g l i k e i l l n e s s , n am e l y i n th e s e n s e of th i s
k i n d o f " m e n tal ( an d b o d i l y ) crippli n g " , w h i ch M a r x h as
p o i n t e d o u t as bei n g " u n s e p arable from the d i v i s i o n of
l abour i n its generality a n d o n the whole of the
society" ( 47 ) .

The c apitalism in its gen erali ty establ i s h e s th e n orms of

the commodity labour for c e a n d by th i s acti v i ty the
c ap i tali sm d eterm i n e s what there i s " s ound " or " i l l " ;
t h o s e w h o d o n ' t c o rres p o n d to t h i s n o rm are ( i l l ) u n a b l e
to w ork , and therefore they a l s o are u n a b l e to s i g n
t r u l y a c o n tract and what th ere fol l ow s i s , that they
d rop o u t o f the process of production . " N o t h i n g i s . . .
more r i d i c u l o u s a s i f s o m e b o d y s p e e k s about w ork
m e d i c i n e ( i n d u s trial m e d i c i n e , Arbei tsmed i z i n ) ; i n t h e
w h o l e o f the e x isting s o c i ety there e x i sts n o th i n g but
w ork m e d i c i n e . E v e ry k i n d of m e d i c i n e i s n o thing but a
regulating act of the c a p a c ity to w o rk . The n orms of
l ab o u r are s t amp i n g the c o n s c i o u s n e s s of a l l p h y s i cian s
in a m e as u re , w h i c h w orks e v e n more exactly than
e v e ry kind o f biol ogic o r physi o l o g i c valu e . " ( 4 8 )

4.) .lu s t the same as for s c i e n c e i t s e l f: i n the m e a n i n g of

t h o s e " s o c i a l i s t s " s c i e n c e has " to s e r v e as a
p r o d u c t i v e force ( force of producti on , Pro d u k t i v k raft. ) for
the workers " . But out o f q u e s t i o n is the s o c i a l i z i n g of
the productive tool ( m e a n s of producti on , Prod u k ti on s ­
mitte l ) s c i e n c e to b e d o n e for the interests and by
means o f the p o p u l at i o n ( B e v o l k e r u n g ) its e l f ! They who
h av e fi n i s h e d th e i r stud i e s at the u n iversities are
e x p e ct e d t o do s c i e n c e later on i n their profe s s i o n al
l i v e s a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r s o c i al - poli ti c al " re s p o n s i b i l i ty " ;
b y t h a t t h e y shall b e " n eutralized " ( " n e utral i s i e rt " ) . A
n o n s e n s e ! But at o n c e e x p r e s s i o n of t h e c o n s c i o u s n e s s
o f t h o s e w h o v ot e for t h a t , i n tercessors w h o c an ' t and
w i l l n o t i n any w ay imagine that a 1 1 pro d u c ti v e tool s
( m e a n s of p ro d u c t i o n , Prod u k t i o n smittel ) i n c l u di n g
s c i e n c e m u s t b e s o c i al i z e d : " N o u s p a rticip o n s , v o u s par­
t i c i p e z - i l s profi t e n t ! " ( "W e take part, y o u are
p artners - but they e arn the profi t s ! " ) ( 4 9 ) .
" We c o - d et e rmi n e , y ou c o - d eterm i n e - they profi t by
t h at ! " The starti n g - po i n t (Prinzip ) of peop l e ' s u n i ­
v ersity j u s t d o e s n ' t m e an to o p e n the u n i v ersity o n ly i n
 95

a q u a n t i t a t i v e w ay i n order that t h e p o p u l a t i o n
c o u l d take p a r t in l e c tures of research and t e a c h i n g ,
and also i t d oesn ' t m e an s om e " c o - d e termin ati on " about
the subject matters a n d c ontents of research and t e a c h ­
i n g , for peopl e ' s u n i v ersity means a q u a l .i t a t l v e
d etermin ati o n and control of that , w h at th e r e s h o u l d b e
s c i e n c e , a n d h o w t o d o i t , according to t h at what the
p op u l ation n e e d s .

We often h e ard t h e argument express e d by d ogmatic l e fti es,

that illness was n ot h i n g b u t a p as s i ng - by situation , the con ­
dition of a p ati e n t by that b e i n g only a tran sitory o n e , and
therefore those who are i l l c o u l d n ' t b e memb ers o f revolution
(revoluti o n ares Subj e k t ) ; but all arguments like those are
unmasked as arguments , w h i c h h av e nothi n g t o d o with th e
matter, w h i c h w e h a v e taken d o w n i n t h e pr e c e d i n g l i n e s of
this text. But n e v erth e l e s s the named o bj ecti o n c an b e d i :s ­
proved i n a quite direct w ay ( ad absurdum gefii h rt werden ) :
the life o f e ac h person repre sents nothing b u t a passlng-by
situation of anorganic m atter a n d therefore n o b o d y else c ou l d
start in the pre s e n c e t o g e t h e r w i t h an other o n e i n order t o
struggl e agai n s t class suppre s s i o n (Klassenkam p f) and to make
revoluti o n . This nonsense i s a such one, which o f c o u rse never
i s expre s s e d like a such o n e , but n e v erth e l e s s it i s a practi s e d
o n e : t h e r e e xists a p e r s o n w h o c o n fers a d o c torate in the l o n g
term a b o u t Luk a c s , a p e r s o n w h o performs semin ars a b o u t Marx '
t h e o ry of t h e w o rk v a l u e ( v a l u e of l ab o u r , A rb e i t s w e rtth e o r i e )
semester aft e r semester a n d s o o n - p erhaps this p e r s o n i n ­
t e n d s to m e d i a t e ( v e r m i t t e 1 n ) to t h e " p o sterity "
s o m e k i n d o f rev o l u t i o n ary w e ap o n s w i t h w h i ch e v e n h e himself
didn't k n o w w h at to d o or to start with?

26 . ) THE CAPITALISM AND ITS A GENTS BELONG T O NA'J'URE 'S

VIOLENCE ( DAS KA PITAL UND SEINE SA CHWALTER ALS
NATURGEWALT)

In the pro d uc t i o n process of c apitalism the i n h i b ition of l i fe ,

w h i c h fol l o w s from this p ro c e s s , b e c omes an evalu ated and re ­
inforc e d o n e ( = the finally resulting produc t in the production
p r o c e s s of c ap i t a l i s m b e i n g n o t h i n g b u t i l l n e s s ) . If i l l n e s s
expresses itself i n the fo rm o f prote s t , capi talism by m e a n s of
 96

i t s i n s ti t u t i o n State m a k e s u s e o f d i ffere n t i n s t a n c e s and

i n s t i t u t i o n s i n order t o fig h t i l l n e s s : h e al t h system , d o ctors ,
h o s p i t a l s , m e n t a l h ospital s , j u d i c i ary , pri s o n s , poli c e , arm y . By
t h e pro d u c t i o n of surpl u s v a l u e the l i fe of th e w ork e rs i s
g o b b l e d u p by c a p i t a l i s m , w h i c h therefore i n i t s r e a l s e n s e
w o rk s a s a n atural viol en c e , r a i s e d to a h i g h e r p o w e r ( Kapi ­
t a l i s m u s a l s potenzi erte N aturge w a l t I t u rn i n g l i fe i n t o dead
m atter/ commoditi es ) . Judges , physi c i a n s , pol i cemen , m i l i tari e s ,
t h u s a r e n o thi n g b u t t o o l s ( Organ e ) , w h i c h h a v e to serve a s
guarantors for a fri c ti o n l e s s proceeding ( re i b u n g s l o s e n Verlauf)
i n this c o n t e x t . The fi gh t against c a p i t a l i s m - and only t h i s
figh t i s t h e s ame as l i fe i n t h i s o n e s o c i ety w i t h w h i c h w e
d e a l i n t h i s o u r present p a r t o f h i s t o ry - th i s fi ght agai n s t
c a p i t a l i s m i s t o be directed agai n s t th e fu n c t i o n s o f capitali sm
and also agai n s t its fu n c ti on ari e s ( Fu n k t i o n strli.ge r ) . w h o s e
i l l n e s s b e c o m e s a turn e d to a c c o u n t on e , i n ord e r t o main tain
th e n atural - vi o l e n c e - rai sed - t o - a - h i g h e r - p o w e r of th e e x i s t i n g
c ap i t a l i s m : t h e l ac k i n g l i fe as a p o w e r ( d a s mange l n d e L e b e n
als Macht) (50 ) .

I l l p e r s o n s and th u s o u t l a w s ( u n d d ami t R e c h t l o s e ) , fu rth erm o re

i f t h r e a t e n e d by murd e r , at any rate and wh atever they w i l l d o
( prinzip i e l l ) a c t a s s e l f- d e fe n d e r s ( h a n d eln i n N o t w e h r ) . Th o s e
again s t w h om t h e i r fi g h t i s d irected , c an ' t t r u l y b e regard ed as
i f they w e re h u m a n b e i n g s ( i h r Kampf ri c h t e t sich n i c h t gegen
M en s c h e n ) ; they don ' t fi g h t aga i n s t p o l i cem e n , t o p - l eaders of
u n i v e r s i t ie s , dire ct.ors , m i n i sters o r oth e r e x p o n e n t s ( E x p o ­
n e n t.e n ) , b u t they fight simply agai n s t n atural pow ers , w h i c h
c o n fr o n t t h e m s e l v e s as m a s k s ( i n Gestal t ) b e h i n d w h i c h th ere
w o r k s a part o f exposed c a p i t alism ( . . . gegen Naturgewalten ,
d i e s i c h i h n e n in G e s t a l t d i e s e r im D i e n s t e d e s Kapital s
s t e h e n d e n E x p o n e n t e n entgegenstel l en ) .

T h u s fo r e x am p l e t h e V i e t c o n g d o e s n ' t aim a t d estroyi n g

A meri c an h uman b e i n g s , f o r w h a t h e d o e s i s to fin d o u t t h o s e
p l a c e s w i t h i n th e overwhelmi n g d e s troyi n g m a c h i n e d i re c t e d
agai n s t h i m , w h i c h fit b e s t in each moment to a c h i e v e t h e b e s t
possibl e d i s turban t e ffe c t agai n s t the c o l o s s u s c apital i s m .
 97

27 . ) ALL ABOUT PHYSICIANS, LAWYERS, UNIVERSITY

PROFESSORS, HEALTH SYSTEM , JUDICIARY, SCIENCE

Doctor, l awye r , professor belong to the dominant agen cies of

c apitalism. In the sel f r epre senta t i on of t h e System they
-

function as conn ecting links between th e respective suppressing

institutions (Herrsch afts lnstitu tion e n ) o n the one hand and the
patients , clients , students , that means the populati o n , on the
other h an d . The pyhsi c i an lives o n the s o c i al c o n tributions and
on the fee s of the patients , the l awyers live on the fe es of h i s
cli ents j u st a s t h e u n i v ersity professor l i v e s on t h e tax es o f
t h e population .

copy of an original l e t t e r to a p ati e n t , w h o l s

n o w in a mental hosp ital :

"Highly esteemed M r . . . . . . . . !
( " D e ar S ir : , Sehr ge ehr t e r Herr . . . . . . . !)

Th at you h a v e c a l l e d Dr. H o n e c k an agent of

capitalism nobody here has taken ami s s , because
w e are accu stomed to h e ar things like that.

W e know w h at a big p art have played words l i k e

" ag e n t , c ap i t al i s m , s o c i a l i s m , Mao T s e T u n g " i n
y o u r condition of mental d i stu r b a n c e i n those
tim e s . A t that time y o u h a v e c o n n e ct e d e v ery
t h i n g and ev eryb ody to the h igh p o l i t i c s and you
dem onstr a t e d n o t much interest i n m atters of m i n o r
d e t ai l .

N o w y o u h a v e t o do e x e r c i s e s more a n d m ore i n
o r d e r to h o l d tight t h e s i m p l e h u m an i nterrel ati ons:
and to throw a b o ard e very t h i n g w h i c h h a s to d o
w i t h d e l u s i o n and p h antasy ( al l e s Wahnh afte u n d
Ph antastis c h e ) .

Y ou r u nj u stifi e d d estrust towards our m e d i c al

efforts d e l ays y o u r c u ri n g . The m e d i c aments , which
you d i s m i s s ( a b qu a l i fizie r e n ) as nar cotic s a.re
i n d e e d rath e r p s y c h o p h arm a c a , an d by t h o s e
psychoph arm a c a the psychi atry w as r e v o l u t i o n ized
i n t h i s s e n s e , that n o w adays dis e a s e s like yours ,
 98

w h i c h were taken i n form er times as untreatable ,

n o w got a c h an c e to get h e al e d .

Yours
D r . m e d . I n g o Sonntag"

( D r . Sonntag i s a psych i atris t a t t h e psychiatric

h os p i tal of the univ ersity of Freiburg - d e an o f
this h ospital i s Professor. Degk witz)

Foll o w i n g their s elf- und erstan d i n g combin e d to th e ir own c l a s s

u n d erstan d i n g a n d fol l o w i n g t h e i r o w n class r i g h t s t h e y h av e
to b e r e a d y a n d a v a i l a b l e only i n f a v o u .r o f t h e
populati o n . But b e i n g anchore d i n t h e h e alth s y s t e m , i n t h e
j u d i c i a ry a n d i n th e u n i v ersity t h e y get forced to e n force th e
i nterests of capitalism against th e populati o n , b e c a u s e they are
fun c t i o n aries and agents of those i n stitu t i o n s of domin ation
( H errsc h aftsi nstitut.ionen ) . Th e l atter fu n c t i o n they present
best and i n a quite gen eral manner by bri n g i n g into promin e n c e
t h e i r l i m i t s of competence and by k e e pi n g t h e i r d i s t a n c e
( D i s t a n z } .

For t h e p h y s i c i a n ( A r z t ) i t i s n o t t h e patient w h i c h
i s i n t eresti n g , b u t only t h e p a t ie n t ' s ( u n ) fi t n e s s t o w ork . F o r
the l a w y e r t h e r e i s n o t h i n g a b o u t t h e c l i e n t , but o n l y
a bou t t h e l aw c as e . A n d f o r t h e s c i e n t i s t there i s
n o t h i n g a b o u t t h e n e e d s o f th e p o p u l ati o n , b e c a u s e h e works
for n o th i n g b u t for the i n terests o f c api talism, regardl e s s of
h i s u n d erstan d i n g about science i n each c a s e . In each o n e of
those three c a s e s t h ere i s a k e e p i n g d i s t a n c e
( b es t e h t e i n e D i s t a n z ) betw e e n the n ee d s a n d sufferings
( B e durfn i s s e ) o f the patient o r client an d of the population on
th e o n e h an d a n d between that , w h at the fu n c ti onaries ( physi ­
c i a n , lawyer, s c i e n ti s t ) regard a n d treat to be th e ir s p h ere o f
work ( Arbei tsgegenstan d ) . Physi c i an , l awyer, s c i e n t i s t them ­
s e l v e s are parts and part i c u l ari t i e s (Tel l e ) i n t h e system of
forc e s , e x p o s e d pers o n s ( E x p o n e n t. e n ) of t h e s o cial relation s ,
w h i c h are p erman ently again a n d again prod u c i n g fo r them the
" matters o f w ork " ( " Arbeitsmateri al " ) by which they b e n e fi t .
Regard i n g t h e i r s o c i al ori g i n s , t h e i r e d u c at i o n and their
e c onomic p o s s i b i l i t i e s ( o k o n o mi s c h e Potenz) th ere exists a
b a r r i e r ( B a r r i e r e ) between th em a n d t h e population
w h o works i n i l l n e s s , p e r s e c u t e d b y criminalization ( k ri m i n ali ­
s iert) a n d w h o i s systemati cally k ept u n d e r i n t e l l e c tu al
s u b d e v e l o p me n t .
 99

28.) PHYSICIAN'S WAY O F FUNCTION ADVOCATING CAPITALISM

AND HOW TO ABOLISH IT

E v ery n e e d ( Be d il rfn i s , B e - d ilrfni s : som eth ing to be m o s t

urgently d o n e , a l l o w e d a n d pr�m o t e d i n stead o f b e i n g restricted
- - ) , every symptom tak e s a progre�sive a n d a reaction ary
moment ( p rogre s s i v e s u n d re akti o n ares Mome n t ) . A l l depends on
activating t h e progre s s i v e moment and to m a k e u s e of i t , but
t o b e come conscious of t h e reactionary moment at the samEi
tim e .

T h e n e e d for " l e is u re time " , " private life " h a s t o be regard ed

as n o t h i n g b u t a s an i n s ti tuti onalized a n d can ali z e d reaction
agai n s t t h e i 1 1 n e s s p r o d u c i n g c o n d i t i o n s for example
o f th e work sph ere , and the " s atisfacti on " of this n e e d (die
Befri e d i g u n g dieses · Be dtirfn i s s e s n ac h " Frei zelt " e tc . ) is to b e
regarded as t h e c orru ption of t h e n e e d t o b e c o m e
l i b e r a t e d ( Be fre iungsb e diirfn i s s e s ) , a corruption which i s
.

d o n e by t h e o fferings o f " f r e e d o m " ( " F r e i h e i t " ) ,

which is only l e i sure - time - an d - hobby - in d u s t ry , w h ic h takE! S
pla c e by w a t ch i n g and p e rform i n g football m a t c h e s , t e l e v i s i.on ,
hobby - c orners , i n rabb i t - sheds and pet k e n n e l s ( K l e i n t i e r ­
s Ul.l l e n ) an d a t M a l l o rc a . T h e n e e d for l i b eration ( B e d il rfn i s
n ach Befrei u n g ) mutilated at a n y rate and i n addition to this
c r i p p l e d o n c e more by t h e c o n s c i o u sn e s s - i n d u s try w h i c h works
u n d e r the command o f capital i s m , the need for a c o l l e c ti v e
p r o d u c t i o n of fre e d o m t h u s gets d e v i at e d ( umfu n k tio nie r t) I n
order to b e c o m e nothing b u t a n e e d for c o n s u m p t i o n
( K o n s u m b e d il rfn i s ) aimin g at fre e d o m as a comm o d i ty
(Freiheit als Ware ) , go o d for t h e c ap i t a l i s t System t o e arn
profi ts . This s o - c a l l e d fre e d o m , d em o t e d to a comm o d i t y , from
w h i ch fo l l ow s some kind of relative c o n t e n t m e n t on the s i d e of
the con sumers ( Ko n s umbilrge r ) , the frau d of h e alth and h e a l i n g
in t h e m e d i c i n e - l a w a n d o r d e r ( R u h e u n d O r d n u n g ) l s tran s ­
form e d perm a n e n t l y i n a v al u e b y c apitalism b y m e a n s o f a ·
more a n d more incre a s i n g exploitation in the fi e l d of l a b 0 u r .

In t h e o bj e c t i v e v i e w t h e l i fe e x i s t e n c e and t h e fun c t i o n of the

phy s i c i a n i s based o n t h e i l l n e s s of the p a t i e n t s . If i l l n e s s is
realized a s condition and result of t h e capitalist produ c t i on
proc ess any progre s s i v e activ ity of t h e p h y s i c i an c an consist
i n n o t h i n g b u t i n w o rk i n g i n a w ay which alms at t h e abollltion
of t h e p h y s i c i a n ' s fun c t i on s , which are d irected by c a p i t a l i s m ,·

being therefore obj e c tively i n i m i c al towards i l l n e s s and

pati ents , t h a t m e a n s that t h e d o c t o r m u s t a c h i e v e a change o f
 1 00

t h e w h o J e s o c i e ty , b u t n ot - as practi s e d a n d m i s u n d erstood i n
a cri p p l e d manner - t a k e c are t o p r o d u c e s om e " h ealth " I n t h e
p a t i e n t s , b e c a u s e t h i s d oi n g prod u c e s n o th i n g but a temporary
d o i n g away with t h e w i s h e s in ev ery p a t i e n t to get any
" treatment " . The progre s s i v e turn i n g of his fu n c t i o n s c an o n J y
b e c ome a p racti s e d o n e in reality, i f the physici an w orks
together wi th t h e patients i n a w ay b a s e d on s o l i d arity . M o s t
i m p o r t a n t i n practis i n g t h i s t u rn i n g - p o i n t i s to s o c i a l ize all
m e d i c al fu ncti o n s . That mean s tru l y , th at the s p e c i a l k n o w l e d ge
a n d the experiences of t h e phys i c i an m u s t get s o c i a l i z e d a n d
th i s is quite another t h i n g as if t h o s e k n o w l e d g e a n d e x p e ­
ri e n c e s are only d i stri b u t e d i n th e w ay of the u s u a l p attern s
of e d u c ation a n d trai n i n g courses w h i c h are autoritarian form e d
on e s . Therefore i t i s a basic n e c e s sity t h a t p a t i e n t a n d
p h y s i c i a n appreciate t h e i r common p art i n th e s o c i e ty b e i n g
s i m p l y o bj ects , and this i s th e b a s i c fa c t , by w h i c h th i s k i n d
of s o c i alizing p r o c e s s s tarts w o rk i n g b a s e d on t h i s o n e c o n ­
d i t i o n t h a t t h e r e e x i s t s t h i s c o m m o n m atter betw e e n patient
a n d p h y s i c i an , both b e i n g obj ec t s , to b e g i n with . Th i s l e arn i n g
p r o c e s s ( Lernproze� ) between p h y s i c i a n a n d patient w o r k s by
i n teracti o n an d c o l l ectively an d th erefore t h e p h y s i c i an h as t o
get compl etely i n v o l v e d into the p atients ' collecti v e , b a s e d on
c o op e rati o n .

E i t h e r t h e p h y s i c i a n gi v e s h i s fu n c t i o n s to t h e patients i n
o r d e r t o serve t h em [ abolition o f t h e priv ate own ership
( p ri v a t e property ) of m e d i c al skill as a means of production -
A u fh eb u n g d e s Pri v ateigentums an d e r Arztl i c h e n Kunst a l s
Pro q u k t i o n sm i tteJ -I or h e submi ts t o the d i c tatorship of th e
c a p i t ali s t production w i th i t s l a w s of n ature ( N aturgesetze ) - a
" pe rs o n al " an d materi a l a n d a l s o a c l a s s a d v a n tage for h i m of
course - , but th en u n ev i tabJy and o bj e ctively b e i n g an e n emy
agai n s t the l i fe i n terests of the pati e n t s . E v e ry " as well as
. . . " , -" b o t h . . . a n d . . . " ( ein " s o w oh l -.al s - au ch " ) in the ru l i n g
S y s t e m al w ay s works. at th e e x p e n s e of the ill people (g e ht . . .
stets a u f Kosten d e r Krank en ) .
 1 01

29.) THE PRESIDENT O F THE UNIVERSITY O F HEIDELBERG AS

AN ADVOCAT OF CAPITALISM

The chief of the un iversity of Heidelberg, Professor Rendtorff

(theologi an and member of the Socialist Demo cratic Party ! ) in
his capac ity as a highly specialized function ary in the
capital i s t ori entated univ ersity from all the beginning had been
enabled by ourselves to realize the functions of his offi c e in
the hi erarc hic c o nstituted machine of wheels (R!id erwerk ) of the
ruling System U ust as his l ater on enemy , the s c i entific
assistant and psychiatris t Dr . Huber , then the s o - called SPK ­
leader h ad realized those functions in his daily work an d offic e
during some 8 y e ars at the s a m e university i n his c apacity a s
a physician at the Faculty of M e d i c i n e on the one hand a n d a s
a seminarist a t the Faculty of Philosophy on the o t h e r ha:n d ) .
B e f o r e the dismissal with o u t not.ice of D r . Huber had been
c ommitted by the univ ersity the pati ents h ad done a lot of
attempts to speek to this university ' s chief as the instan c e of
d e c ision about the situation of the p atients i n connection with
the due problems and difficulties which imme diatly were
menacing them , all attempts being in v ain , b e c au s e in the
opinion of this university ' s chief those matters had to do
n othing at all with the p atients ( ! ! ) . But refu s i n g the dis ­
cussion with the patients and even unable to write an answer
to th eir l etters , he n ev e rth e l e s s w a s able to subscribe the
d o cuments for dismissal and off- limits (Hausv erbot) a gains t
Dr. Huber. As the patients , who after the forc ed dismissal of
their physi c i an were cut off from their accustomed h e l p ,
assembled in order to defend th ems elves and their n e e d s by
the only means of a hunger- strik e t h e u n iversity ' s chief only
was willing to make a minimum of c on cessions which were in ­
sufficient at all and which he l ater on more and more denied
to fu lfi l . The s o c i al state of distress from which suffer m�mtal
patients h e d i d n ' t even noti c e except of this one st.ate of
distress caused by himself and un d er his own responsibility,
re gardless of th e more than 1 00 patients equally shocked but
n ot present at the h unger- stri k e , and h e e v e n seemed to b e
blind of o n e eye , w h e n he met the patients w h o w e r e hunger­
strikin g , for h e o n c e more tri ed to address only against
Dr . Huber, when h e saw him hungerstriking amon gst the other
h u n gerstrik ers . By his b e h avi our \ike that, which is to be
und erstood as an expression of the ruling killer ideology O m
Strom der h errschenden Vern i chtungsid eologie mitschwimm e n ) h e
m a d e a bi g c o n tribution in t h o s e beginnings to mask t h e
probl ems of i l l n e s s which a r e s o c i al ones by trying t o
 102

pers o n al i ze them a n d t o direct the p u b l i c i nterest only agai n s t

one p e rs o n , n amely to a s o - called " c as e Huber" ( " Fall Huber " ) .
But b y that e v e rybody and even th e pressmen could get aware
about a quite u s ual method and i s s u e , to establish some ring­
l e a d e r as s o o n as p o s s i b l e , i f there i s started some collective
struggle agai n s t the s o c i al m i s ery ( 5 1 ) .

The w i r e - pull ers of the Faculty of M e d i c i n e by their attempts

to mask the real needs of the patients and the fail i n g not only
of all therapies at the u n i versity by alleged and formalistic
personnel d e bates i n publi c , a h armful i s s u e to the detrime n t
of the p ati ents , t h u s w e r e energically s u p ported b y the chief
of th e u n i v ersity. Re gard i n g the arguments w h i c h were ex­
p r e s s e d by t h e p atients to the u n i versity ' s ch ief, at best, i t
c an b e certifi e d to him to b e a c a s e of minority (Unmilndigkeit)
cau s e d by h i m s elf.

30.) THE INSTITUTIONS O F CAPITALISM

A n i n d e x for the capital i s t order of e c o n omy ( = an archy ) is its

fu nctionalizing o f life i n order to serve the w a n ts ( B e d il rfn i s s e )
of capital i s m . Human beings are o bj e cts to be c o n s um e d by the
economy, a n d n o t o n the c o n trary ( n l ch t etwa umgekehrt ) . This
process o f fun ctionalizing and d estructi on of h u m an l i fe i s
c o n trol l e d ( gesteuert) by t h e Stat e .

T h e c o n s t i t u . t i o n ( d as Gru n d gesetz) i n cl u d e s n othing but

the comman d s about the capitalism - o rien tated " ri ghts " and
d u t i e s of t h e State ' s citizens ( p o p u l ation ) . T h o s e who
p r o t e c t t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n ( der V e r f a s s u n g s -
s c h u t z ) w orks for n o t h i n g but in order to protect th e tru e
reality of th i s c onstitution against the p o p u l a t i o n , and n o t o n
t h e contrary !

The h e a l t h - s y s t e m as organ i z e d by t h e State , h a s to

protect capitalism a n d s ocial " order" agai n s t the ill p ersons , and
not on t h e c o n trary h a s to protect the p o p u l ation struck by
illness agai n s t t h e i ll n e s s - creati n g relati o n s a n d agai n s t th e
k i l l in g p o w ers of c api talism . T h e p a r 1 i a m e n t w h i c h makes
•

the la w s , h as th e task - l i k e the m e d i c al syst em - to make a

d i ffe re n c e i n t h e l i fe - expre s s i o n s of the i l l p o p u l ation , taking
 103

them for such ones which favour the ruling social rel ati ons of
production and in such o n e s which could b e apt to change
those social rel ations in a w ay , th at th ey could b e c ome b e, n e ­
ficial f o r the population . Th e p arliament s e t s the r i g h t o f
protecti n g and maintaining the private own ership (private
property ) of the means of production (Produ k ti onsmittel ) .
Following to th o s e laws " crime s " ( w h i c h are themselves nothing
but the expression of the social antagonisms (Widerspruche) as
they e x i s t in a pers o n ) are condemn e d and combated only b e ­
cause of their breaking social n orms by single persons . What
the s o - call e d j u d i c iar y therefore h as to do is to abolish any
kind of protest if i t i s expres s e d by committing a " c riminal
act" . The j u d i c i a r y thu s repre sents the fu nction of a
d istributing in stitution ( Verteilerstati on ) , of a ramp for
selecti o n s ( s e e concentration c amp) for l l l peopl e . Coll aborating
w i t h th e psychiatry the judiciary prepares th e ill p e o p l e in
order to b e con sumed by th e prisons later on an d also by the
i nstitutio n s o f s o c i al psychi atry which serve to mask h ard
l abour houses ( s e e for examp l e the German Central Institution
for Mental Health o f P r o fes s o r Dr.Dr. Heinz H iifn er at H e i delberg
and Mannheim ) , and also to hospitals and nursing h omes or, in
the case of fin e s , the j u diciary d e l e gates the respective
persons to the " free " l abour market in order to reinforce their
exploitati o n . What can w e read upon the d oors of the concen ­
tration camps? - "Work releases ! " ( " Arbeit macht fre i ! " ) .

A rm y front i e r - gu a rd ( " Grenz " s chutz) ( 5 2 ) a n d police are tools

,

of violence ( G e w altinstrumente) of the government, which have

the task to enforc e , that the l i fe - inimical soci a l " order" of
capitalism takes place against the needs of the population in
illness . Th e p o 1 i c e - "your fri end an d helper" - doesn ' t
exist in order to serve t h e p opul a t i o n b u t quite on t h e con ­
trary the interests of the desp otic rulers and the agents of
c ap i ta l i sm But if the p o l i c e i s n ' t there i n order to serve the
.

populati on , then the population must be there i n ord er to s e rve

the polic e . A p o 1 i c e s t a t e (Poli zeistaat) is mark e d not
only by i t s function - by its highest competenc e as an armed
police - to b e prepared to kill life which has b e come of no
furthe r value for the consuming agen cies of the l abour mark e t ,
o f the h e alth system a n d of the j u d i c i ary : y e t fu nctionalizlng
the popul ation i n order to serve the n e e d s of the p ol i c e , is a
mark th at there ex ists a police state ( s e e th e police i nve sti ­
gati ons on T V , for exam p l e X V - Zimmermann - a private ar t i st
i n German TV who from time to time acts as an entertainE�r to
the population who i s asked by him to take p art in p o l i c e
i n v e st ig a ti o ns ) . A di rty trade like t h a t on t h e l e v e l o f
consciousness i s m a d e prov i d e d and prepared b y religion (guilt-
 104

an d - punishment, Schu l d - u n d -Siihn e ) , school (re ward - pu n i s h ­

m e n t ) an d by the suggestibHity related to authorities
( Obrigk eitsh o rig k e i t ) w h i c h is cram e d p e rm anen tly i n t o o n e ' s
" d ai l y l i fe " .

The attempts t o i n c i t e t h e population in order to take part in

t h os e c h ases a n d persecuti o n s by m e a n s of pro c l am ati o n s i n
n e wspapers , broadcast a n d televi s i o n , ordered by t h e p o l i c e a n d
s erv i n g o n l y t h e interests o f State and capitalism n e v e rth e le ss
work against the real i nterests o f the p e o p l e themsel ves . I f the
police e arn s any success ( d e ad - sh ootings , ·rabbl e � ro u s i n g ,
appreh e n s i o n s ) i t i s th e population w h o also earns some prai s e ,
b e c a u s e they then c a n r e a d i n t h e n ew s papers t h a t their
taking part i n the criminal i n v e s ti g a t i o n h a d cau s e d the
s u c c ess o f th e p o l i c e . It i s also by means l i k e tho s e , that the
State trie s to work again s t t h e d e cr e a s i n g loyalty of the
m a s s e s w h i l e trying al s o to confirm a n d t o repro d u c e perm a ­
n ently a consci o u s n e s s , which believes th at t h e i ntere s t s of
e x p l o i t i n g pers o n s and exploited p e r s o n s were the s ame ones
a n d a faithfu l consciousness like that l s a thing of the highest
i m p ortan c e i n ord e r to maintain the d e spotic State system .

Everybod y must become a l i ttle policeman - becau se to become

a " crimin al " c an ' t b e allowed t o e v e ry b o d y , for the " crim e " i f it
is d o n e collectively a n d i n s o l i d arity against t h e private
prop erty w o u l d b e n othing but the sociallst revolution . A n d i f
e v e ry b o d y i n thi s State h a s t o turn into a l ittle p o l i c em a n ,
t h e n w e call t h i s State a police state .

From that results , that the s o c i a l i s t revolution o n l y c a n be

d el at e d by p o l i c e force i n a tro u b l e s ome w ay w h i c h causes an
u n bearabl e m u l t i tu d e of damages i n the populati o n . I n a p o l i c e
state l i k e that there can be observed a l o t of totalitarian
admini strati o n , functionalizing and e v a l u ation ( V erwertun g ) of
h u m a n l i fe within an uninterrupted c h ain of competence ( u n ­
u n terbroc h e n e K ompeten zk e t t e ) : fam i l y , school , serv i c e i n the
army , b u s i n e s s m a n agem e n t , health system . All this w orks on
the pr i n c i p l e o f l ega l ity (Legali t a t spri n z i p ) (§ 1 5 2 S t P O = Code
o f C rimi n a l Proc e d u re ) which i s not applied except against
crippled h u m a n b e i n gs s u ffering from i l l n e s s , sup pres s i o n ,
e x p l o i tation , but w h i c h i s n ot a p p l i e d agai n s t pers e c utors ,
j u d ge s , c h i e fs , p o l i c emen and other agents , w h o h a v e to be to
their o w n m i n d s (per S e l bstv al i di e r u n g ) " so u n d " and w h o , in
c o n n e c t i o n w i th persec u ti n g th o s e w h o are not g u i l ty ( V erfo l ­
g u n g U n s c h u l d i ger § 3 4 4 StGB, p e n a l c od e ) , sys temati c a l l y
,

c o m m i t ( § 1 2 9 StGB) c ri m e s agai n st the r u l e s of t h e h o u s e

( trespass , § 3 4 2 StGB ) , gri e v o u s b o d i l y i nj u ry ( Korper-
 1 05

v erletzun g , § 3 40 S t G B) , d eprivation of personal liberty

(§ 34 1 StGB ) , bl ackmail (§ 3 4 3 StGB ) , incitement to hatred
( V o lksv erhetzu n g , § 1 3 0 StGB) and so on. He who means that
the above statements were a c alu m ny agains t th e State
(Staatsverleumdung § 1 3 1 StGB) may prove the contrary by
d o i n g i t (in d e r P r a x i s ) , if he has the suitable power
at h i s disposal ( 53 ) .

3 1 .) ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF VIOLENCE -

ESCALATING OF VIOLENCE

A s c e r t a i n m e n t ( F e s t s t e l l u n g ) : a l l
p o t e n t i a l s o f v i o l e n c e b o t h m a t e r i a l a n d
i d e o l o g i c a l a r e o n t h e s i d e a n d i n t h e
h a n d s o f t h e S t a t e w h i c h i s t h e i n s t a n c e
o f s u p p r e s s i o n b e l o n g i n g t o c a p i t a l i s m .

If w e u s e teach - i n s , go - i n s , s trikes and s o o n in order to

express basically in th e beginnings our arguments and criti ques
against the c apitalist relations of production by words and
thus al s o by doing something w e always experi ence that the
power-machineries of the established science and of the State
refu s e any controversial e x p osition even on the level of w ords .
I f labourers cease to work (walk out, Arbeitsniederlegung) in
order to express their protest against the life - d estroyin g
w o r k i n g conditions i n capitalism promptly t h e r e w i l l come
together members o f th e works c ommittee an d members of the
trade unions - supported by the v i o l enc e potentials (Gewalt­
potential ) stri k ebreakers (Streikbre c h er) , factory security
service (Werk s c h u tz ) , police and fed eral frontier guard
(Bundesgrenzschutz) - who all appear i n order to confirm by
o ath that there exist compulsions and coercions inherent in the
matter (Sachzw£1.nge = coercions to earn profits) and by those
hints they try to suffoc ate every kind of protest on the side
of th e workers . If the critizising based on arguments (Kriti k ) ,
i f the protest as r e s l s t a n c e starts to b e c ome a materi al
force (materi elle Gewalt) i t soon will b e criminalized and elimi ­
nated by the State which soon w i l l call th i s r e s i s t a n c e
th e crime of " resistan ce against the auth ority of the Statf! "
( "Widerstand gegen d i e Staatsgewal t " ) by using the ideolo gy of
"ringleadershi p " . If this resistance d o e sn ' t remain any l onger an
 106

i s o l ated on e ( p u n k t u el l ) but rath er appears i n an organ i z e d

s t r u c t u r e w h i c h h a s as c o n tent the revolution ary pro d u c t i v e
force ( force o f pro d u c ti o n ) i l l n e s s , then the artifi c i a l l y i n di ­
v i d u al i z e d " re s i s t a n c e against the p o w er of the State " c ombi n e d
t o the i de o l ogy of ringl ead ersh i p i n t h e s i gh t o f the ru l ers i s
t u r n e d i n t o som e " crimi n a l c o n s piracy " ( " krimi n e l l e Vereinigung
. . . ") attempti n g the ov erth row o f th e con stituti o n al order
(§ 1 2 9 und § 81 STGB (54) ) an d the revolution ary productive
,

force i l l n e s s together with its actors , the socialist patients , i s

t h r o w n b e h i n d grati ngs a n d · w a l l s in o r d e r to k e e p them there
(to keep them i n s o l itary c o n fi n em e n t ( Ei n z e l h aft ) , fo r o n th i s
l ev e l of t h e c o n fl i c t between l i fe a n d capitalism the d i s s o c i a ­
tion ( V ereinzelung) only can b e d o n e s e emingly a n d o n l y b y
applyi n g brutal v i o l e n c e i n an unmasked w ay ) , b e i n g kept i n
p r i s o n i n o r d e r to protect the m u r d e r o u s s o c i a l re l ation s of
d e struction agai n s t th e p r o d u c t i v e forc e i l l n e s s . This e scal ati n g
of v i o l e n c e on the s i d e o f the rul i n g suppressors i s n o t h i n g
b u t an r e fl e cted image o f the rev o l u t i o n ary pro d u c t i v e force
i l l n es s , brought to its d e v e l opme n t . Th e pati ents , dragged b e ­
fore t h e c o u rt themselves a n d for them s e l v e s there h av e to d o
n o t h i n g b u t t o repres e n t t h e prod uctive fo rce ill n e s s . O p p o s i t e
t o th em there i s t h e petrifi e d , d e a d p o w e r o f c a p i t a l i s m w h i c h
tri e s to t a k e r e v e n g e f o r t h e e m an c i pation and s o l i d arity o f
th e p a t i e n t s by means o f some g u i l t p e n a l law (Sch u l d straf­
rech t ) . " T h e revenge i s a m e al w h i c h i s to be eaten as a c o l d
o n e " ( " D i e R a c h e i s t e i n Geri c h t , d a s k a l t genossen w i r d " ) a s
p ro n o u n c e d H i tl e r ' s m i n i ster of propagan d a Goebb e l s i n 1 9 4 4 .

" T h e ch arge i s establi s h e d b y t h e p r eju d i c e s tu p i d i t y i s

,

serving as a j u d ge a n d thi s to t h e only exp e n s e to protect a

sm al l fry as a s u c h o n e " s a i d t h e l aw y e r Horst M a h l e r to the
court when h e w a s s e n ten c e d i n a trial caused i n favour of the
S p ri n ger pres s . The " s m a l l fry " w a s Spri n g e r , the owner o f the
Springer p re s s . The small fry Spri n ger n e v erth e l e s s i s n o t h i n g
b u t an a d v o c at e w h o b e l o n g s t o t h e d estructi v e f o r c e o f capi ­
t a l i s m , to th e l i fe - d e s troyi n g relations of prod u c ti o n . Th e
prej u d i c e i s by n o m eans n o t h i n g but a monopoly of t h e prose ­
c u t o r . Prej u d i c e and s t u p i d ity c ome a l s o together i n th e person
o f t h e j u d g e : i n th e w e ekly p a p e r "Publ i k " Jurgen Roth wrote
already on 1 3 /08/ 1 9 7 1 that judges o f Heidel berg " i n o ffi c i a. l l y "
s a y , t h a t all patients were crimi n a l s . This p h e n om e n o n h o w e v e r
i n the c u r r e n t l a n guage o f th e ru l i n g l aw s i s n o t c a l l e d " pre ­
j u d i c e " b u t " i n terest" ( Be fan g e n h e i t ) a n d i t is t h e c l a s s of the
j u d g e s t h e m s e l v e s w h o a l l e g e d l y i s able to d e c i d e whether a
j u d ge l i k e them s u ffer s from " p r ej u d i c e " or n o t - a s e l f­
refl ex i on i n t h e d i storti n g mirro r ! ( S e l b s trefl e x i o n im
Zerrs p i egel ! ).
 107

Truly spoken this kind o f " interest" ( " Befan genheit " ) rathE!r
represents for the first tim e t h e j uri d i c al peak of the
c o n c ession to the patients that they since now and in fu ture
are dignifi e d owners of righ ts , because they have gained
c apacity to b e sued (Passivl e gitimation = the right to be
sentenced ) . It was this right of a capacity to be sued which
was refused to the p atients by th e competent judge and also
by their own lawyer w h e n they loo_k e d out for j u ridical help
against the eviction senten c e i n order to get a d e l ay against
its perman ently and immediately menacing execution . Th e
patients are to be branded as criminals and i l ln e s s is to be
transformed to a crim e , when illness appears i n f a v o u r of
the p ati ents as an organized productive force .

I n the health system illness i s handled a s an obj e c t , as some

material ill n e s s , that means that the reaction ary moments of
illness are brough t in action a g a i n s t the patients : tlhe
n e gative attitude regarding illness becomes a confirmed on e .
The illness of t h e patient is seized , it i s turned into a
bureaucrati cally managed thing , analyzed by chemistry and X ­
ray s , also p h armace u ti cally, electri c ally , b y rad i o activity ,
amputated and treated by surgeon s ; in short: the patient i s
expropriated by turning his illness i n t o capi talism , i n the
c apital of the building and construction i n d ustry (hospital s ,
resi denti al estates for chief physi c i an s ) , i n c apital for thE!
industry of c h emi stry and fQ.J' ph armaceutical industri es (test
tu b e s an d test papers , medicaments ) , of the electrical ind ustry
( X - ray machi n e s , ray - treatment construct.ion s , electro - , c ardi o ­
a n d encephal o - writers , electroshock machi n e s a n d s o on ) , of
the glass i n d ustry ( laboratory tool s ) and so o n .

Th e protest b e i n g th e progressive moment of i l l n e s s i n

f a v o u r of the patient , i s systematically suppressed i n the
relation between physician and patient and at best - provi d e d
t h a t the protest can appear at all - i t becomes a disqualified
an d ignored o n e which they call fault - finding or grumblership
(Querulantentum ) and in " grave cases " this protest itself i s
treated as a psyc h i atric material of illn e s s (psychiatrisches
Krankengut} treated by c h arge and evaluation also itself i n
order to e arn profits and c apital .

If illness appears in an organized way, like it did in SPK , it i s

m a d e impossible for the " h e alth " system to e arn the capitalist
v al u e out of the illness b e c ause the p ati ents make use by
themselves and for themselves of th e progressive moment of
illness. Thus the connection of drawing value out of illn e s s
becomes a disturb e d one b y the patients and then there appear
 108

i n st e a d of t h e authority h e alth system the authorities p o l i c e

a n d j u d ic i a ry : m a c h i n e guns i n s t e a d of e l e c tro s h o c k s , soli tary
c on fi n em e n t in t h e pri son i n s t e a d of H a l d o l and s e d ative cell
( Be ru h i gu n g s z e l l e ) - e s c a l ation of v i o l e n c e !

32 . ) EXAMPLE PERSECUTION"MANIA " - PROGRESSIVE AND

REACTIONARY MOMENTS OF AN ILLNESS

Persecution " m an i a " is a v e ry w i d e spread i l l n e s s ; it is within

an quite exten s i v e sense t h e s o c i a l disease i n a word . The
term persecuti o n " mani a " i s nothing but a l a b e l , t h e m e an i n g of
which yet s i g ni fi e s t h e i n ability of those who i n v e n t e d t h i s
term b e i n g u n able t o mean w h at they say when using a l abel
like tha t If somebody experiences a menace from all ex ­
.

pre s s i o n s w h i c h h e gets out of h i s surroun d i n g s , a menace

against h i s e x i s t e n c e , a menace against h i s " li fe " , if h e even
by h i s fantasy p ro d u c e s impre s s i o n s ( h al l u ci n ation s ) which l a ck
any c au s e to be p r o v e d i n the material pr e s e n c e , t h e n the
e s t ablish e d m e d i c al fabricators o f d i a gn o s e s s o w i l l t a k e him
for being paranoi d , for being a pe�ecution m a n i a c . Agoraphoby
( an x i ety t o o v ercross wide p l a c e s ) , bridge anx i ety (Briick en ­
angst ) , c l austroph o b y ( an x i ety w h i c h raises from o v e rcro w d e d
rooms ) , h y p o c h o n d ri a ( an x i ety that t h e own b o d y c o u l d s t o p i t s
fun c t i o n i n g ) , erythroph o b i a ( an x iety t o b l u s h ) etc . a r e n o t h i n g
b u t e s p e c i al representati o n s o f persecutio n " m a n i a " . Persecuti on ­
" m an i a " is n o t h i n g but t h e l a b e l l e d , proscri b e d , d i s crimin ated
an d d efame d reverse o r p ro c e e d i n g of t h at w h at i s popul ary
c a l l e d by the vern a c u l a r ( Volksmun d ) " a w e l l u n d erstan d able
d i s tr u s t " ( " ge s u n d e s Mi�trauen " ) . Persecution " m an i a " is caused
by the fact i n capitalist s o c iety that a person as a lonely o n e
i s n o t h i n g b u t an obj e c t , an d s o persecu tion "mani a " i s s o m e ­
t h i n g w h i c h e x p r esses the polarized r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n life a n d
capital i sm ( . . . A u s d r u c k d e s p o l aren V erh altn i s s e s v o n L e b e n
u n d Kapital ) , of organ i z e d a n d l i v i n g m a t t e r a n d i n o rgan ic ,
d e ad matter ( M ateri e ) .

The i s olated h uman bei ng s u ffers from anxiety , feels menaced

by u n k n o w n " p o w e r s " , becau s e the social reality can ' t
b e l o o k e d through by hi m because this reality l s a strange one
,

to him , b eca u se there exists between him a n d this reality the

relation o f a l l e n a t i o n : the basic condition of the society
 109

in capitalism i s j u s t this l o n e l i n e s s and i s o l ation , c o m b i n e d to

th e l ac k o f c o n s c i o u s n e s s c o n c erning this rel ati on . The r e -
a c t i o n a r y m o m e n t of t h e i l l n e s s perse c u tion " m an i a " i s
signifi e d b y t h e i n h i b i t i o n , j u s t i n the stop p i n g ( Para ­
lysieru n g ) w h i c h it represents for the pers e c u t i o n " m a n i a c " b e i n g
an obj ec t i v e p ow erl ess o n e , w h o i s i s o l at e d an d a l i e n a te d . T h e
p r o g r e s s i v e m o m e n t on the other h a n d i s the
p r o t e s t agai n s t t h e rul i n g relati o n s of production w h i c h
impre s s the i l l person - thoroughly in a d equacy to reality - a s
i n i m i c a l and e v e n as life - m e n ac i n g . I t h a s t o b e th e t a s k a n d
the fun c t i o n o f agitation to get the s ocial reality c l ear to b e
l o o k e d t h r o u g h by the i l l p e r s o n a n d to turn h e r prote s t , w h i c h
l ac k s a n y o r i e n t a t i o n ( u n geri c h t ete n Prote s t ) i nto collective
activities o f resistan c e again s t t h e p at h o g e n i c ( k rankmach e n d e )
and l i fe - d e stroy i n g s o c i a l relati o n s .

The m a k i n g a realizable u s e of the persecut i o n " m a n i a " in a

d estru c t i v e w ay ( d i e destrukti v e V e rw ertbark eit . . . ) b e i n g a
s o c i a l i l l n e s s b e c omes a m a n i fested one by the m o b i l i zation of
the reac tion ary moment of t h e persecuti o n " m an i a " done by th e
p etty radical m i n o ri ty of t h e agents an d h e n c hmen of the
c ap i ta l i sm , who h av e t h e whole material violence potenti a ll of
t h e s o c i ety at t h e i r d i s p o s a l ( w eapon s , pri s o n s , c ourts ,
h o s p i tals , m e n t al h o s pitals and c h arity ho mes a n d so on : XY­
Zimmermann - t h e i n stigator i n t e l e v i s i o n - Baad e r - M einh of­
hysteri a , w arre n t of arre s t , in stigation o f th e G e n s c h e r ­
Spri n g e r - L o w e n th a l - g a n g ) .

The anxi e ty of th e ru l e rs ( t h at m e an s : t h e persecuti o n " ma.n i a "

o f t h e m ) o n t h e other h a n d represents t h e t h o rou g h l y
c o n form - to - re al i ty reaction ( du r c h a u s realitats a d a q u ate
Reakti o n ) c a u s e d by t h e l atent power of a c o l l e ctively and by
solid arity a c t i n g p o p u l a ti o n , a power which i s h e l d down by the
rul ers p e rm a n e n tly a n d by v i o l e n c e ; " th e i r th o u s a n d fo l d anxiety
n e e d s t h o u s a n d fo l d c u s t o d y " ( " Ihre tau s e n dfac h e A n g s t w ird
tau s e n d fach b e w a c h t " ) .

T h e l o n e l y h uman b e i n g as w e l l as t h e amorp h o u s mass of th e

p o p u l at i o n i s o n l y o bj ec t but n o t s u bj e c t o f t h e h i s tory i n
proc e e d i n g ( d e s G e s c h i c h tsprozess e s ) .

T h e p e rs e cu t i o n " maniac " as d etermin e d by a l i e n at i o n ( d e r

Frem d b e stimmte ) , manipul ated ( der G e s t e u erte ) , t h e s u bmitted t o
p e rs e c u t i o n ( d er Verfo l gte ) fi n d s h i m s e l f d e l i v er e d without any
protection to the obj e c t i v e l y murderous relations of pro d u c ti o n
of t h e r u l i n g s o c i a l " or d er " . From t h a t fo l l o w s , th at t h e
 110

persecuti o n " m a n i a " constitutes n othing but an at the w h o l e

a d e quate expression of t h e real i ty .

I f t h e p e r s e c u ti o n "mania c " h appens t o h a v e a thoroughly h a rm ­

l e s s small talk i n a c o ffe e h o u s e with a person u n til n o w un ­
k n o w n to h i m and i s asked by this person from wh ere h e comes
a n d w h a t w a s h i s h om e , t h e persecuti o n " m an i a c " soon will get
e x c i t e d appre h e n d i n g that his talking partn er c o u l d be a con ­
stituti o n al poli c e - spy ( V e rfas sungssch utzagen t ) . - There are
i n d e e d m any agents like th.us a n d there exist a lot of people
who w o rk as i n formants i n fav o u r of s u c h i ns ti tutions of the
State even without of t h e i r own knowing o r b e i t because of
th e i r own egoistic purposes (persecuti o n " m a n i a " o n c e more ) . If
the p e r s e c u ti o n "man i a c " eats a h e rring he thi n k s this herring
could b e p o i s o n e d and con tami n ated just i n o rd e r that h e h i m ­
s e l f s h o u l d fall i l l b y t h i s m e a l o r e v e n , b e k i l l e d h e himself
and nobody e l s e and that there e x i sted somewhere a plan to do
so. - Now there exists the s o - c al l e d environment c o ntami n ation
(Umweltverschmutzu n g ) e x e c u t e d by the life - inimical d i c tator­
ship of capitalism and that i s a matter of fac t , c o n s t ituting a
thoroughly real menace agai n s t t h e l i fe of a human b e i n g , a
m e n a c e b a s e d on reality by w h i c h each one is stru c k .

Or t h e persecution " m an i a c " h as got some money or a j o b . H e

fears t h a t h e c o u l d l o s e h i s m o n e y o r h i s p l a c e o f w ork . H e
al s o fears t h a t somebody c o u l d s t e a l h i s m o n e y or a coll eague
o f a " hi g h e r " reputation could push h i m away from his place of
work . - T h e p e tty m oney he got Is his " ad m i s s i o n card "
( "A u s w e i s " ) and only by m e a n s of th i s " admission card " h e i s
allo w e d t o e a t , t o d re s s agai n s t t h e c ol d , t o have a roof above
his h e ad ; t h e p l ace o f w o rk i s t h e only p o s s i b i l i ty for h i m to
" d ev e l o p his personality" ( " v erwirk l i c h e n " ) , to e arn his l i fe . For
his l i fe c o n s i s t s of n o th i n g but of m o n ey a n d of place of w ork .
- But there i s m i se ry an d n e e d , thus th i e v e s . A n d there e x i s t s
t h e p ri n c iple of competi t i o n , w h i c h m e a n s that there thus
e x i s ts ruth l e s s egoists . A n d there exists capitalism and b e c au s e
o f t h a t t h o s e w h o a r e w i t h o u t m o n e y and w i t h o u t w o rk a r e o f
n o v a l u e a n d therefore t h e y alto geth e r a r e turned i n t o game
balls and playthi n gs o f t h e ruli n g i n terests ( w h i c h are not only
the i n terests of t h e rul ers as s u c h ) ; the capital i s m , i n w h i c h
th e i l l , suppres s e d , e x p l o i t e d worker p e rm an e n tly i s robbed b y
the d e p artm e n t s t o r e syn d i c ates (Ware n h a u s k onzern e ) , by the
banks and by the usurious home owners by means o f pri c e s ,
rents a n d tributes ( ii b e r Pre i s e , Zin sen u n d M i e ten bestohlen
wird ) ; t h e c apitali s m i n which factories without regard to the
needs of the workers are closed in order to get " ratio n a l i ze d " .
 111

The p ersecution "maniac" b e c ause of h i s anxiety doesn ' t w ant to

go to the doctor and h e fears as well a check - u p as a therapy
and also the i nj e ctions ( Spritzen ) , operati ons and amputations
and so on. - Before there ls done an examination his " person al
data " ( "Pers o n al i en " ) are taken down and also his biography
(Anamn e s e ) , he must present his i denti ty c ard just as i f he
had met the police, and he must present his purse ( h as h E!
paid for in suran c e or not) , j u s t like in a w are house (Lebe n s ­
mittelgesch Aft} or i f h e h ad v i s i t e d his fath er - i n - law for t h e
first t i m e and h e must undress in order to enable t h e m t o
i n s p e c t and t o t o u c h him j u s t l i k e a cow on the c attle -market,
and h e has to look forw ard to his diagn o s i s llke a defendant
to the sentenc e at the court . And then starts the therapy , the
punishment: h e must stop smokin g , stop drinking, h e must sub ­
mit to the appl i c ation of i nj ections w h i ch cause him pain , h e
m u s t u n d ergo operati ons, h e m u s t admit to get take n away
organs and extremiti e s . And never, n e i ther during the check­
ups , n or after h i s being "restitu t e d " ( " Genesung" } somebody w ill
tell him the true causes about the how and the why of those
issues !

- Persecuti o n "mania" ? N o , reality !

Or suppose , that the persecuti o n " m an i a c " addresses to a news ­

paper in order to make it publish h i s n e e d s and the needs of
th e soci ety (Note } . The j ournalist who represents c ertain soc i al
interests promptly will face him ln his only property to mask
those i n terests . The journ al i s t will perhaps give some expl an a ­
t i o n s to the persecuti on "maniac" h o w t o present h i s matte r , th e
j ournalist w i l l speek about con straints in m atter (Sachzw A nge ) ,
about the " publ i c opinion " , about the advertisement c l i e n ts of
h i s n ew spaper an d about the subscribers w h o h av e to be tre a ­
t e d v ery regardfully. Final l y , i f th e pers e c u tion "maniac " l s
lucky t h e r e perhaps w i l l be publ i s h e d s o m e l i t t l e artic l e . The
hallucinat i n g pers ecuti on " manl ac" d oesn ' t find again neither his
case n o r hims e l f i n an article like such. Now h e will be of the
opinion, that for him the world has turn ed into someth ing he
c an ' t u n d erstan d n o more , as h e mean s . And then there
happens to b e published a very big arti c l e , published by a
professor or even by a m i n ister, and in this article one can
read absolutely other things . There i s taken d ow n , that the
persecution "mani ac " i s a persecution maniac i n d e e d , that he is
mad and criminal and that you " can't h av e pati e n c e with him
and that there i s immedi ately to get away with him " . -
persecuti on mania? N o ! Re ality !
 112

Or the persecuti o n " m a n i a c " fe e l s m e n a c e d a n d pe r s e c u t e d b y

m u r d e r er s w h e n h e goes h om e i n th e e v e n i n g G l o omy s h a p e s
, .

p u ssyfo o t b e h i n d h im . B u t what h e n e v e r h as l e arn e d , n e i t h e r

at h o m e , n e i t h e r at s c h o o l , neither d u ri n g h i s apprenti ce shi p
n o r w h e n h e d i d his s t u d i e s at the u n i v ersity w a s , that the
capitalist s o ci ety i s based o n mur d e r that " his life " is n o t h i n g
,

bu t a w as t e pro d u c t of c ap ital accumulati o n , that the system a ­

t i c a n d prolonged ( gebremst) m u r d e r , a s i t i s e x p ress ed by
i l l n e s s , is the prere q u i s i t e a n d th e effe ct ( V o rau s setzu n g und
Resultat) of t h e capital i s t rel ati ons of producti on . A n d h e
never e x p er i e n c e d that there exists d ay and nig ht persecution
and ly i n g i n wait for h i m that his h om e i s encircled by
,

p o l i c em e n i n c i v i l i a n clothes d re s s e d u p like highwayme n , an d

that the institutions and agencies of capitalism h av e t h e i r
eyes on k i l l i n g e v e ry i n d epen d e n t l i fe e x pression (s e l b s ta n d i g e
Lebensregu n g ) of the suppressed and exploited ones, u s i n g
every t o o l at their d i s p o s a l , w h e t h e r the order of a m i n i stry ,

or the publ i c d efamat i o n or the bullet of a po li c e s u bma c h i n e

,

gu n .

Th e m a n or th e w oman w h o are afraid of being murdered o r

klll e d , are ri gh t ! But they shou l d be taught w hy they are
rig h t Then their anxiety turns into a w e ap o n
. .

" Tu rn illness i n t o a w e ap on " - that ' s the SPK - pri n c i pl e .

33. ) A GGRESSIVITY - AGGRESSION AND DEFENCE

Just as sadn ess , d espair an d so on , aggressions are affects

w h i c h u n d e r the domination o f the social primary need of
c apit al accumul ation in cases of emergency have to be s u b ­
mitted to a " special treatment" ( "Son d erbeh andlun g " ) by t h e
institutions o f c apitalism .

Aggres s i o n s w h i c h n o r m a 1 1 y appear, are n o t h i n g but a

d istorted protest: conventi o n s , politeness, to be correct an d
fr i e n d l y , i r o n y , s e l f- c o n trol , to keep one ' s d i stan c e , to be
e x t r e m e 1 y reserved ( for: "you n ever can tell " ) . An
inhibited and g e n e r al i zed protest like that prevents open
confrontati o n s , i s directed against ourselves , is passed on from
 113

the top to the bottom , from the boss to th e foreman , then to

the worker, an d from the worker agai n s t the work e r .

S o c i al manners are b y p a s s i n g mann ers ( Umgangsformen

sind . . . U m g e h u n g sformen ) which aim at m asking the c l ass
antagonism s , to hush u p contradictions and to nourish a
guerrilla warfare between the stru ck persons (Betroffenen ) ,
amon g those themselves who are exploited and suppressed . I t is
the class enemy to whom w e leave the d irty business with the
conventi o n s . For as long as w e bypass our d i fficulties instead
of running the ris k of a direct confrontatio n by attacki ng
them , nothing will b e altere d . The word " aggression " ( "A g -·
gression " ) is d eriv e d from the l a tin verb " aggre d i " , which
means "to approach something" ( " an e i n e Sache h erangehen " ) .

I f i t occurred t o the patients o f SPK that they n o t only som e ­

times ( d e s oftere n ) w ere reproached w i t h to b e too aggressi v e ,
naive , m artial etc . etc . ( a n d t h e y who m a d e use of reproaches
like those, commonly were " l eft " stu d e n ts and " sympathizers " ) ,
th en those reproaches have t o b e regard e d a s simple repro d u c ­
t i o n s of the l ab e l l i n g rituals (Etiketti erungsritual e ) as thE!Y are
used by psychiatrists , psych ologists , criminol ogists , insti gators
to h atred (Volksverhetzer) , j u d g e s , prosecutors and so on ( al l
th ose w h o are accustomed to prepare their adversaries by
c lassU'ying them to th e end o f physical destruction ) . Reproach es
like those as well are a s i gn respectively of the inab ility
( anx i ety ! ) of t h o s e " l e fti e s " to break with t h e b o u rgeois
conventions - for in stead of doing th i s , they only bypass the
m atter (die Sach e ) , bypassing also themselves by means 01'
votings , discussion - l e ad ers , speaker - l i s t s , d ebates arrange d by
politeness ( h o fliche D i skussionsformen ) . Thus they reproduce
w i t h 1 n their organ izati ons e x actly t h o s e stru ctu re s ,
which they pretend to fight i n t h e mass - measure (im
Massenmapstab ) .

Quite common to all strug g les for li beration i s the fact, that
they who take part i n those warfares make use of their rol e as
obj ects being force d upon them by turn i n g it into their
principle of affirmati o n : the proletarians of the Manifest of the
Communist Party ( 1 8 4 8 ) who " acting in a c ommunist revol u t i o n
have n othing to l o s e b u t their chains " , the B l a c k P a n t h e r Party
of Afro - Ameri c a n s organi zed in the U . S .A . , who struggle against
their "modern " sl avery , and fin ally the ill p e o p l e , who have
discovered t h e o n l y revolution ary productive forc e , the
revolution ary productive force which consists of illness, to
which they answer now by turning it into activity . In the
liberation struggl e of the ill people there is n o question to
 114

d e fe n d any p o s i tion w h i c h w a s fi x e d by t h e ru l i n g soci al

c i rcumstan c e s ( g e s e l l s c h a ft l i c h e n Statu s ) , j u s t t h e same a s the
p r o l e tari ans i n the M a n i fest o f th e C o mm u n i s t Party are far
away from d e fe n d i n g their p o s iti o n to be and to rem a i n pro l e ­
tarians and j u s t t h e s a m e as th o s e from t h e B l a c k Panth e r
Party a r e far a w a y fro m inten d i n g t h e d e fe n c e a n d there fore
t h e maintaining o f the role as Negroes i n the e x p l o i t i n g
s o c i e ty . By t h e m ark of h a v i n g n o ri g h ts , w h i c h is their c o n ­
stitutive m ark ( k onstitutives M e rkmal d e r R e c h t l o s i gk e i t ) the i l l
p e o p l e a r e related to the " n atural righ t " ( " N aturre c ht " ) of self­
d e fe n c e , th at m e a n s th e right to d efe n d the rests of their
matters of v ital ity ( Vi t a l s u b s tan z ) , which i s perman en tly e x ­
p o s e d to t h e aggres s i o n s of t h e agents o f t h e death - e c o n omy
(55) .

The s elf- d efen c e i s no e n d in i t s e l f , b u t a strategy by w h i c h

t h e r e i s c o n s erved w h at there i s d e fe n d e d - the rem a i n i n g
r e s t s o f m atters of vital ity ( V i t a l substan z ) , " t h e l i fe " - , i n
o r d e r to u s e i t i n the c o l l e c t i v e stru ggl e for l i beration against
th e c onstraints of t h e organized c a p i t a l i s m , agai n s t t h e a d ­
v o ca t e s an d the agents of expl oitation , suppression a n d m u r d e r
as t h e y are h e r e a n d n o w a d ays form e d by the s o c i a l institu ­
ti o n s . Th u s in t h e pro c e s s of s e lf- d efen c e there al s o i s con ­
t a i n e d its c o n trary , the attack ( A n griff) as the c o l l ective
struggle b a s e d o n c o o perati o n and s o l i d arity , a struggl e w h i c h
i s b o t h m e t h o d ( Mitt.el ) and n e w q u a l i t y . T h e coll e c tive stru ggle
is t h e new q u a l i ty , i n which t h e d i al e c t i c antagon i sm of attack
and d e fe n c e takes its solution ( au fge h o b e n wird ) (5 6 ) .

34.) BEING IDENTIFIED WITH CAPITALISM , FOR EXAMPLE

" SUCCESS " (IDENTITAT MIT DEM KAPITAL AM BEISPIEL
"ERFOLG" )

" S u c c e s s " i n t h i s s o c i ety m e a n s c o rruption of t h e " s u c c e s sfu l " =

t h e " d e fr au d e d c h e a t " ( d er " b etrogen e Betriiger " ) .

The i d e n tity b e t w e e n c apitalism and the l o n e l y somebo d i e s gets

i t s expre s s i o n i n many forms : stri v i n g after to main tain pro ­
perties ( F e s t. h alt.en am B e s i tz ) , a n x i e ty to l o s e t h o s e propert i e s ,
l o o k i n g d o w n o n t h e " bare l i fe " ( " n ac k t e s L e b en " ) , b e i t o n l y
t h e w a n t to b e dressed fas h i o n a b l y , t h e s o - c a l l e d statu s
 115

symb o l s - c a r s , trav e l s , h o b b i e s , h om e furn i s h i n gs e t c . - are

n o t h i n g but p e trifac t i o n s of l i fe - i d e n t i ty w i th c a p i tal i s m .
Thi s accumu l a t i o n of c o n s u m e r g o o d s ( K o n su m g ii t. e r n ) i s n ot h i n g
b u t s e l f - d e c e p t i o n ( S e l b st be tru g ) s e r v i n g o n l y i n or der t o
r e pr o d u c e t h e c ommo d i ty l ab o u r fo rce (Reprodu k ti o n d e r W a r e
A r b e its kraft ) . T h e " su c c e s s " i f earned by a l o n ely o n e i s a n
i l l u s i o n : w h e t. h e r t h a t h e fin d s a s u i t. a b l e p l a c e of w o r k or a t o
some e x t e n t agr e e a b l e h o m e , o r that h e s u c c e e d s to p a s s an
e x c e l l e n t e x a m i n ati on , o r the " su c c e s s " w i th l o v e ( " Erfo l g " b e i
Frau e n ) .

The fe e l i n g to b e " e steem e d " ( " anerkan n t " ) , to b e s i mp at i c o t o ,

b e w e l l - l i k e d , t o " h a v e reached s o m e th i n g " ( " e s zu et.was ge­

bracht" zu h a b e n ) , to b e good or e v e n b e tt e r th an o t h e r o n e s
( p ri n c i p l e of com p e t i t i o n a n d a c h i e v e m e n t ) i s q u i t e on t h e
c o ntrary o n l y t h e s u c c e s s by a systemati c repre s s i o n o f human
'
l i fe . The fe e l i n g o f s u c c e s s ( E rfo lgsempfi n d e n ) i s common l y
accomp a n i e d by fe e l i n gs of grati t u d e ( D a n k b arkeitsgefii h l e ) t o
c e r t a i n s o c i a l i n s ti t u t i o n s o r b e i t to th e i r represen tati v e s as
b o s s e s , home o w n e r s , c o l l ege rector, n e w s p a p e r e d itors , b o o k
p u b l i s h ers a n d fi n a l l y gratitu d e to t h e s o c i al c o n d i t i o n s as a
w h o l e Q u i te o n the c o n trary ( a b er ) : w h a t t h e re i s t a k e n as
.

o n e ' s " o w n " s u c c e s s i s i n t h e s e n s e o f a real success - a

s u c c e s s of c o rru pt.ion n e v er t h e l e s s - the s u c c e s s on t h e s i d e of
t h e a d v e r s a r i e s a n d a s u c c e s s l i k e that forms an important
p art o f those " s u c cessfu l " ones who r e p r e s e n t n o th i n g b u t their
i d en t i fi c ati o n w i t h c a pi t a l i s m ( w e s e n t. l i c h e s E l em e n t der
I de n t i t a t d e s " Erfo l gre i c h e n " mit d ern K api t a l ) .
, DER STBN, DEN JEHAND IN DIE
�. KOMMANOOlENTRALEN DES
t· KAPJ TAIC
I . ,,..,., WIRft·

l,.UND DER Nl£R£NSJt,tN AN 0£rt

i �� Ufi . .
I SCHOTZEI WJR ll5 WR
�EWEN !
 118

35.} POLITICAL IDENTITY

I n order t o maintai n a n d to perpet uate the d i screpancy bet w een

the fo r c es of produ c t i o n whi ch are d e v eloped u p t o a high
l e v e l on t h e o n e h a n d and the r e l a t i o n s of pr o d u c t i o n w h i c h
are systemat i c ally and b y forc e m a i n t ained i n a s u b d e vel oped
c ond i t i on on the other han d, a situat i on from whi ch the a c c u ­
m u l a t i on of capi tal earns i ts benefi t s , from thi s i t foJ lows
n e cessarily t h a t t h e human n e e d s m u s t be submitted to the
" laws of nature ( Naturgesetze ) " of capital i s t p ro d u c t i o n a n d
destru c t i o n .

For t h e a l o n e o n e ( b e i m E inze lnen) t h i s c o n tradi c t i o n a p p e a r s

as t h e s p l i t t i n g (Tre n n u n g ) a n d a s a cont rariety be tween
reason ( Vernunft ) and feel ing . The c o e x i s t e n c e of b oth of the
j u st named life-expressions being put side b y side one t o an ­
o t h e r as n e atly as p o s s ib l e , re pre se n ts t h e c o n d i t i o n for the
"peace" ( " Ruhe " ) of the e m o t i o n s ( Affe k te ) , fo r the order of t h e
m anufa c t o ry p lant s ( F a b rikh a l l e n ) , i n w h i c h human v igour o f
l i fe effi ci e n t l y ( rati o n e l l ) i s c onv e rted i n t o anorg an i c matt e r
( an o rgan i s c h e Materie = Kapital ) .

Th e " re ason" ( " Vernunft " ) of cap i talism appears i n t h at the

m anufac t o ries are rati onal i zed, and in the enl argem ent of the
forces of p roduction and also in the r e i n fo rc e m e n t of exploi ­
tation and by the ge tt ing perp etuated of t he re l a t i ons of
p r odu c t i on by means of force.

The l o ne ly one in h is r ati onality is de t erm ined by the

rat i o n al i ty of capitali s m whi ch c onfronts i tself against him l i k e
a n atural p o w er, experienced b y him day and ni ght, t he n a t u r a l
p owe r of cap i tal i sm whi ch t h er e f o re s e e m s t o h i m l i k e i f i t
were altogether " reaso nable" ( ve rnunftig" ) . His pro test against
"

this l i fe-dest r oying power the refore can be primari l y on ly a

m atter of fe eling , an e m o t i o n a l protest. Becau se of the rul e r ­
shi p o f " reason" ( Da aber d i e " V ernunft " das Herrsche n d e i st )
those erno ti. o n al " slippings" (dlese em o t i onalen " A u srutscher " )
get rati o n ali ze d by the al one one (werden v om Ei nzelnen rati o ­
n a l i s i e rt ) a n d t h e r e fore "dis appear " b y b e i n g c o n v e rt e d t o
gast r i c u l c ers, gall - b ladder inflammati ons, c i r c u lat ory disorders,
k i dney st ones ( Nierenste i ne ) , to every k i nd of c ramps and c on­
vulsi ons , impotence, c atarrhs , toothache, s k i n diseases an d
rashes, backache, m i graine, ast hm a , ac c i dents by work or
traffi c , d i ssati sfac tion etc . - or b e it that th e e m o t i ons whi c h
bel o n g to the interhuman re lat i o nshi ps are growing e x u b e r a n t ly
 119

i n t h e interhuman r e l a t i o n s h i p s ( e m o ti o n a l e P e s t ) , i n t h e l a c k
o f e m o t i o n s ( A ffe k t l o s i gk e i t , " e arn e s t p e rs o n al i t y " = " er n s t ­
h afte r " M e n s c h ) , i n the psych o s e s e t c .

T h i s v i o l e n c e of " reason " ( " V e rn u n ft " ) is t h e fu rti v e d e ath

c o n s i s t i n g o f the reaction ary moment o f i l l n e s s (in G e stalt d e s
r e a k t i o n aren Moments d e r Kran k h e i t ) .

T h e n e e d s of t h e m w h o are d amaged i n a w ay l i k e t h u s by the

System , that means o u r needs are to b e turned to p l ay the
c e ntral p art , to b e c om e t h e starting p o in t and t h e motor o f t h e
p o l i t i c al work w h i c h h a s t o spread by a g i t a t i o n a l l o v e r the
s o c i al i s t s e l f - organization d e term i n e d by i l l n e s s ( w e rd e n zu m . . .
d e r agitatori s c h e n , u b ergreife n d e n p o l i t i s c h e n Arbeit d e r
sozi a l i st i s c h e n S e l b storga n i s at i o n unter d e r B e s timmun g
Kran k h e it ) .

N e e d s l i k e p o s s e s s io n , c a r e e r , i n d i v i d u a l i ty , d e v e l opment of
p e r s o n ality , rev o l u t i o n ary p e r s p e c t i v e of p r o fes s i o n th e s o ­
,

c a l l e d " c ommon human " n e e d s i n a n y c a s e a r e n o t h i n g b u t the

r e p o d u c t i o n s of c a p i t a l i s t forms o f s o c i al intercourse and status
which act stopping s o l i d arity a n d are l i fe - i n i mi c a l .

A l l w h i c h s e e m s to be d i ffer e n t , s p l i t t i n g and s e p arati n g ,

s e r v i n g to create l o n e l i n e s s a n d t h e r e fore w o r k s fo r the benefi t
o f t h e c ap i t a l i sm i s a b o l i s h e d ( w ird aufg e h o b e n ) i n t h e
c ommun i ty a n d the company of th e i l l p e o p l e w i th t h e i r n e e d s
for c h a n g e . Th i s commun ity of t h e c o n s c i o u s n e s s e s as a w h o l e
( d i e s e Geme i n s am k e i t d e r B e w u (3 ts e i n e ) t a k e s its e x p r e s s i o n i n
t h a t w h i c h w e c al l p o l i t i c a l i d en t i ty . P o l i t i c a l i d entity mean s :
u n ity o f n e e d s a n d p o l i t i c a l w o rk ( E i n h e i t v o n B e durfn i s s Em
u n d p o l i t i s c h e r Prax i s ) r e l a t e d to those n e e d s , and t h i s c an be
nothing b u t the struggle i n s o l i darity agai n s t t h e c apitalism
w h i c h represen ts i t s e l f as a n atural violence ( gegen d i e
N aturge w a l t K a p i t a l ) .

36.) INSTEAD O F A N A GITATION RECORD

Im agi n e some i l l person , permanen t l y tro u b l e d by : s l e e p l e s s n e s s ,

h e a d a c h e , p a l p i tati o n o f t h e h e art, d e ath - an x i e ty . A n d fu rther
h e has to fe ar to b e v i ctim o f an " o c c u p a t i o n a l d i s e ase "
 1 20

( " B e r u fs k r a n k h e i t " ) , of an i n d u s t r i a l " a c c i d e n t " ( B e t r i e b s ­

" u n fall " ) , of a traffi c " ac c i d e n t " ( V e rk e h r s " u n fal l " ) or of an
i n fl u e n z a ( G r i p p e ) . Now if th i s i l l p e r s o n goes t o a p h y s i c i a n ,
th e n h e e x p e c ts that a s u c h o n e w i l l fi n d t h e c a u s e s o f h i s
s u ffe r i n gs w h i c h t h e i l l p e r s o n b y h e r s e l f- u n d e rstan d i n g t a k e s
f o r b e i n g " o rgan i c " ( " organ i s c h e " ) o n e s ( e x am i n ati o n , d i agn o s e s )
i n o r d e r to get them away l at e r on ( t h e r a py ) . To th i s q u i t e
" n atural " e x p e c t ati o n th e m e t h o d s and p r o c ee d i n gs of the
d o ctor s e e m to r e s p o n d : h e draws o ff the p a t i e n t s ' b l o o d fo r
examin ati o n , tak e s X - ray - plates from h i s b o d y , c h e c k s h i s
refl e x e s , u s i n g h am m e r a n d n e e d l e a n d fi n al l y h e pr e s c r i b e s
s o m e p i l l s or appl i e s an i nj e c t i o n t o t h e p a t i e n t . O r h e s e n d s
th e p a t i e n t to a h o s p i tal w h e r e he i s o p e r a ted , c u t o p e n , s e w e d
u p a g a i n o r i s amputate d . But b e fo r e o r s o m e t i m e s after t h e
" th erapy " t h e p a t i e n t is a l l o w e d to t a l k ab out h i s i l l n e s s . N o t
by all m e a n s a b o u t t h o s e th i n gs h e w a n t s to tal k : h e h a s t o
g i v e t o th e d o c t o r h i s p e r s o n a l d a t a , h i s in suran c e , t h e d ata o f
h i s p a s s port , t h i s d e ath - s e n t e n c e - o n - c al l , w h i c h ev ery c itizen
o f t h e Federal R e p u b l i c h as in his pocket and h e must gi v e to
the d o c t o r his m e d i c al card ( Kran k e n s c h e i n ) , t h e certifi c ate ,
w h i c h p r o v e s that th e p a t i e n t h as p a i d in a d v a n c e t h e c o s t s
. f o r h i s b e i n g r e p a i r e d by m e a n s o f a p e rman e n t d i stress
warrant of his w ag e s ( i m V o r a u s p e r D a u e r l o h n p fii n d u n g -

" S o z i a l abgaben " - ) .

B e fore the i ll o n e starts w o rk i n g i n a factory and he h as to

p r e s e n t h i m s e l f t o the physi c i an o f th i s m a n agem e n t ( B e t. ri e b s ­
arzt , a l s o n a m e d p h y s i c i an of " c o n fi d e n c e " - " V ertrau e n s " arzt -
, b e c a u s e t h e c api tal trusts h i m ) or i f t h e i l l person h a s to go
to a p u b l i c h e a l th d e p artm e n t o f t h e State ( a k i n d o f te c h n o ­
l o g i c c h e c k - u p f o r w o r k e rs w h o a r e w o r k i n g - m a c h i n e s = s o
e i n e Art TOV ( M O T ) - T e c h n i s c h e r Oberw a c h u n g s v e r e i n - fii r
A r b e i tsmasch i n e n ) i n o r d e r to submit by d u ty to a c h e c k - u p
o r d e r e d by l a w agai n s t h i m , then the i l l p e r s o n of c ourse w i l l
b e b u s y t o a n s w e r all q u e s t i o n s as " c orrectl y " as p o s s i b l e . H e
n o t h i n g w i l l tell ab o u t h i s s u fferi ngs and tro u b l e s . If h e i s
a s k e d " h av e the re b e e n m e n tal d i sturban c e s ( G e i s t e s k ran k ­
h ei te n ) o r s u i c i d al acti v i t i e s ( S e l b s tm o rd e ) i n t h e fa mi l y " h e
n e i t h e r s p on t a n e o u s l y n o r truly w i l l a n s w e r : " o f c o u rs e , w h ere
e l s e ? " ( " J a wo denn s o n s t ? " ) , b u t q u i t e o n t h e c o n trary h e w i l l
s a y s i m p l y " n o " . F o r h e n e e d s a p l a c e o f w o rk and i s fo r c e d to
get it, o t h e rw i s e . . .

On t h e o t h e r h a n d : an i l l o n e arri v e d in t h e SPK e x p e c t i n g
m o r e o r l e s s t h e same circumstan c e s c o n c e r n i n g t h e " th erapy "
of " h i s " i l l n e s s . But there the b o d i l y e x am i n a t i o n a n d the
medical c a r e a n d a l s o t h e m e d i c al treatm e n t. and nursing i s
 121

o n l y of s u b o rd i n at e imp ortan c e . Quite on t h e c o n trary the r1e i s

given m u c h o c c a s i o n a n d t i m e t o t h e i l l person t o s p e ak about
t h e causes a n d t h e fun ct i o n s o f his trou b l e s , to m e d i tate on it
a n d to h av e d i s c u s s i o n s abo u t i t together w i th other i l l
perso n s , w h o m h e d ay and n i g h t meets t h e re . During t h e c o u r s e
of t h i s pro c e e d i n g o f a therapeutic agitation l i k e that h e
s u d d enly or by and by d i s cov ers t h at t h e w h o l e story of a
b o d i l y d e termi n e d n e s s ( organ i s c h e Bedin gth e i t ) a n d of the b e i n g
c a u s e d b y h i m s e l f and by h i s own fau l t ( S e l b s t v e rs c h u l d etheit)
of his illness t h u s . . . perhaps . . . tru ly . . . t hu s , that there i s
p e rh aps the k e y t o o , t h a t h i s s o c i a l e x i s t i n g as a w h o l e . . ..
w e l l , b u t t h e n h e o u gh t to d o someth i n g , then h e perh aps
c o u I d . . . d o someth i n g . . . comb i n e d to the o t h e r i l l person s .
There . W e l l - b u t t h o s e o n e s o f course are much
" h e al t h i e r " t h a n me, oth erw i s e they n ever could b e as l i vely as
they really s e em to b e . . . W h a t is m y s e l f that ' s quite
another c a s e , for I myself am t r u l y i l l . I c a n ' t . . . or
perhaps I am afr a i d ? A frai d to lose m y o w n i l l n e s s ? A fraid
of my o w n l i v e l i n e s s , of my o w n e n ergy o f l i fe , w h i c h s i n c e my
b e i n g born h as been suppressed u p to the d e gree of parsimony
( . . . die v o n G e b u rt an auf Sparfl amme gestellt war? ) ? - Then
I ' l l try it pol i ti c ally : y o u only c a n act p o l i ti c ally i f you are
completely h e althy ! A n d i f I n ev erth e l e s s s h o u l d fall i n
i l l n e s s , t h e n I s h a l l go to a phys i c i an w h o wi l l repair me quite
perfectly . And e v e n t h e physi c i an s u s e to s ay that you only
need to b e I i e v e that you will get compl etely h e al thy and
t h e n e i the r y o u wi ll g e t h e al t h y or remain i t . A n d t h e n i f I
w i l l b e c o m p l e t e l y s o u n d . . . w e l l t h e n , thE! n I ' l l m a k e a b i g
s p l a s h ( d an n k om m ' i c h g a n z gro� raus ! ) " c o o p erati o n " . . .
" s o l i dari ty " - w h ere is existing someth i n g l i k e th u s ? . . . I n
C h i n a , in V i e t N am , in C u b a , w e l l . . . , w e l l . . . , b u t h e re , t o d ay?
. . . Here ! Tod ay ! S o c i a l i s t s e l f- organization d E! termined by
illness?

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Aade in Germany
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Frau Wilma 1elobte Beueru.n1,
kurte ambulant mlt dem Me<llkMnent
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wurde Hwecen Alkuhol11mu1" zwanp­
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F o rm v e rbe s s e r t .
Nachrichten
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ARZNEIMITTELSUCHT Neun der zehn fuhrendcn
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spie!en. w1e der Diisseldorte r Neu­
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n h Med1kamente (lUZuglld'I der nicht
�!�'��:1 ��.uS:�:ir'�a ��.:!�nl:. vom Art\ verordneten und mithin rologe Professor Eberhard Bay mu­
ner Herkuntt; d• 1a1t Ihm leln Ahl von den Kasten md'lt erstatteten teilte, Minde­
steris Jeder vicrte Bunde•bur1 e:r
In I.udedlender Weise, wle llchOn dod'l
Schmerztab !etlen_
MedikamenteJ
d-le Sonne drauBen Mneine, und er - mmmt s1e rt'ielmiill i11 Schon 1�
Nur zum iermgen Ted waren a n
der P•tlent - h1be doch so trOhlld'le wurden in dcr Bundesrep ublik
d1esem Arzneimittel-Bt>\:m J e n e Heil·
Buben " knapp >.we1 M i l h a rden Stuck davon
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lehrte die Zelllchrltt lhre ln:llldlen lmnen Mark
ent,cheidend bere1chert haben, so be1-
1-r, 11elen tUr den Plltlenten nidit sp1el.iwe1se d!e moderne-n Anllb1ot1ka Noludar. b1�lang rezepttreies Volks­
nur nutzlot, aondem ao11r leben11e­ oder die P1ychoph11rmaka lrnr Be:­ Sdilafmiltel, steigerte - al• Nad'l·
tlhrlld!. Denn 1ie be1llrkten den 1ri h � n dlung schwerer seehsd'ler Storun- fnlJ!'f'r dM he1mh 1ckisdien Conter-
Depreu1onen IAldenden nur nod! ln
der Voratel11.m1. "' 11e! tur thn slnn!os
Gesundh e it kaufen
gan - semen Jahresumsati vor>
welterzuleben· So1.r de:r Doktor ver· zwe1 Mtllionen Mark im Jahre l!Hll
atehe 1hn n!d'lt mehr a u f 8,7 Milhonen Mark im leUten
Jat.r Nolud;ir-Verbrauch 1967 : rund
H li. u fl& Jedod'I werden deprimlert"' 1 2 � M1lhonen Emschlaf-Portionen
P11tlenten mcht aad!1emlill betreut Verhelll u n g � n . m1: denen die
A!7.len m•istv.,r s.chneb<ene Beruht­
Valium, das von' westdeutadl.en
Die
Die Fola:e- uhlreid'le SE'\batmorde un<1 Tabietten-Kon<er n e l m Fernsehen u n d
.�&ema"a�
- •m A '1 7 e l lf" n 1 P ' ( � C r- ":'lP d ; l L n lSch<!n l!Ulll!iffllttrl. das ent vor hinf Jah­
Seibatmon:lvrrsud>e
e m . h re r:o r. d 1 m J z e u t 1 � rn ,. ,,
der, Marki kam. en:ielte im
F"arhpro>sse
� ;,;,;,� t'�to d�� f r o � \ u , ., g c n d n M .; r n l U b n n g e f\ Je•zten Jahr einen (Gro31'!.andels-J
ren auf
� u d'i. e r . g e m , , h n c n · ' ' Clc1 Tat a n H u 11 -
der
be! lst eine - vermutlich 1rolle U m � a tz von 30 Millioneri Mark -
Zahl von Selb•llbtun1en n 1 dl l e1n1e­ t ._. y 5 H c. l s b \.l \_,,_tu f t � n Fnsdi wie e•n es stehl " " der Sp1tze der ph a mu1 -
t"l'dtnet. be! denen die Lebensmlld•r. \ e l , \ ' r Tai! ! S ch m e 1 1 m ; ttel V 1 v 1med1 z e u l 1 Sd'll' n Bensel\erll�te GeschlU­
Untllle vortliu1chen od.er An1ehort1e l m mcr �UI Ur;• h t r A u fbdum1ttel te r V a l 1 um-Verbrauch 11111 7 2so
" i e Tat verschle!ern Und mlndeatens I!• It' n Millionen Tabletten
�un '<� u l c • .S d' , , f m t \ \ e l Dorc.mal
A k t L \ · -, n � d 1 '\; , ch\j!e�pcnstPr
tiJnfm11I so hl1,1f11 sond Selb,tmordver­
sud!e, Del denen Arzte nod\ rPd'lt1e11 & Son n c n b n l l e f u r d i e P<vc:ho:' 1 B e r u h l ­
! p; ci n g • m 1 t t e l L 1 h r o � rr 1
helfen. Be! elnem 1roOl'n Teil d"r m l t
od. e r o h n e Ertolg Leb.,nafluchll1en die
madlten Depft'Uionen d;u Leben uner­
L' n d S u p e r i -1 ' 1 Vl' ,_,,, �esse�n
trlalid'I d i e a l t ubcrkomm,·u - u n d z u l eut
Werbt'tcxtcr dcr Ph.<r11 i � · l nduotne
���� �(1'�'� k-;, r.:1�,:" "�';: b�.'���he;';:r1��
d i e> Con\l'C� - n 1< . 1 ' . i s t rop!'H' neu
um
Diese Finanzw elt
d u r d1
ist ohne
1 c � t f u r c l a o S cli i .i f ,.,-, · ·. : ,· i CJ"rnma . U n ­
H 11 J;
t ra l . " ,1 . fur d .i >
nu EINEN
ub�rtnJftene V
L' o l > 1 r . , n
HAST FEIND
Hervorrn­
v�nraglJchke1l
.S d\ m e n m L t t e l
Menschlichkeit
" " : l •or.c·nfJdl
:;.ir d d � B e r u h 1 g u ngsri'1Hel
gende
bewiesen·
L1r .-1um .. Wirksam und b e k o m m h di "
!Ur r:las Sd'lla f m 1 ! tel .S\JurodOTm F r e i W a s du verdiensl, ist ihm epl -
von Gewohnun� u n d S u dl t g e f � h r · 10lan& er noch an d ir genug verdient
Was du 1u$Jibs1, ist ihm epl -
solana du nur einkauht bei ihm.
Di e k:ap i t a. l i e t i s c h e .:;e s e l l s c � a : t b. a t u n s
Wu du rinkaufst. ist ihm epl -
t0lang er enlscheidel, ob du lnltandig auaidlst.
a l le k r a n k g e m a c h t ! Kap i t a l 1 e m u s muB ..,,, e g � W ie du au•ieh51, isl ihm epl -
solang deine Ham nichl zu lang smd
Wil' lang de:ine Hurr sind, isl ihm epl -
10lang du die Schnaun hibt
Deine Meinuna •�t ihm epl -
r;olang du schuftest fW' ihn
Wu du gtjp:n ihn •pl, ilt ihm epl -
solang d u nichu tusl reaen i.hn
W o du •rbeiten muS t , ist ihm epl -
r;olang d u nich1 sil'hst, wo er faulenzt
W o du wohn51 , ist ihm "l81 -
MJlang du punk.tlich d!e Miele- zahbt an ihn
Welc�n Hit du ho"I . ist ihm cgal -
wlang du riach winer P!rife tanzl
welchen K.rimi du liehst , isl ihm epl -
wlau1 d u nicht r n uberfllhrst
\'r�uch m1t ihm 7u rtd'!'n -
ct kann nur toben oder t.ischeln
Versuch mil ihm z u vtrh1ndeln
er la'ht und haul dich 1n die Pf.nne
Eh er se1nen Besitz a b t ri t t
eh er verduft�I -
sch11(1 er lieber d� Welt Upull
und dich mit
Du has! e1nt-n Fe-ind
Schon .,.. ieder tiolt er au�
und dmcht 1Uf d1ch ein
Kiltng du ilut drrschcn laf\t
rtnn1e1wn.
 8ndern
I n fo rma t i o n de• S o s i a l i s t i s c h e n Pa.t i e n t e nk o l l ektiT•
'( S PK )
a n d e r Univeraitiit H e i d e l berg, vo• 6 . 1 . 1 97 1
69 Heide lberg, Rohrbachers t r . Ir. 12 Te l . 0 6 2 2 1 /2��79

---.-- du Geaundhei hve s e n PJl'I filr d i e Be ­

diirfni 1 1 e der Pat ienten einge s e t z t ,,Die letzten
IJl!--lllJ� :�: �:::�:�:::
w i rd . M i t ill l l en Tricks Terauchen a i e

.teller seines
zu erhd t e n : &lle sahlen,
Feigenbltitter
....,...
. -- r b o r

GIUckes Scllnal
... ....., �::o! :ii!:

..,.
: 1 �:� : e ���:;-h=�� t
• l l •• nrdie•• • ·
n
;: : � . sincl gefallen"
Krankh e i t h t kein Vorpnc 1• e i n... Wer d.aran. intere a a i ert h t ,
'W i e Yi e l e aut der S trecke b l e i b e n
•elAen' Ken•chen, kraak l a t . , . un a • re
dabei
d. d d i e Uaivera itJi.t Pd'f'ata a­
G e a e l l a ohatt . In ihr herr•eht d&e 1st j• sum T e l l bekannt . che Ton Pro f e a s o re1l wid ihrea
Kap i t -1 , in !hr triuaphhrt da.e ln­
te re a a e de e Prof i t a , ia ihr verden
4ie Opfer s ehonun� l o a aueceque tacht
I mrr rassrnrrinr �rbrn
P ro f . Dr. Heins Hiifner (Freund Ton
Anwar t e rn. 1lJld Helferehelfen
bleibt, der h.andel t �gen H i ­
ne e igenea Intere e a en . .
Terbraueht sua Nutsea e iaer kle inea
Innenai n l s ter Krau s e ) heko-t 30 Ver a. h e r d e r richt i p11 Meinun&
1'errachende11. Minderhe i t . Die Kra.n.k:en­ ht,
}i[ i l l ionen Mark um in Mannheim e in
ha11... a9chi .. rie let rrur die Fort­ - d a B d i e Univers i t ii t d e r h ­
psychotherapeut i s c h e s Z e n t rum au!­
2 50
HtSUJIC' der Pro!! tvirtachatt •it a.n­ T O l k e ?'l.ln&' S'•hO rt ,
:aube.u e n . Maziaal verden dort

-
d.Le e i •
deren M i t te l n .
Der auceb4i11.t e t e M e a. a c h m.u..6 deb Te:r­
P e. t i e n t e n bebe.nde l t verde:a..
!llll
-
be:u.hl t ,
Da.a SPK 'beko-t • i t pema.nen t e r - d e. S d i e Uni•era l t a t
3200 M a r k im M.oaat .
kall!ea, und nar vei t unter dea Pre h Men•chen daa Wi s s en su geben
VersOge rung
dHaen, vaa er ta.td.chlich l e i a t e t , hat , d ... die Vuitiil tni a e e •O
bh
Hlifl>.e r : "Daa SPK l a t e i n e eraethafte
er f rtih e r o d e r epiiter T i:i l l i g er­ eie aiad.,
:Bedrcihung ae ines Pro j e k t s " Hi� Yie
•eb.Bpft i a t . .. daB die UniTeraitllt de• e b­
S e l a Unterge b e n e r , D r . K r e h •chl i e B t
H a t ihn d i e kapi ta.l i a t h ehe IJ i r t s eha.ft mel••• die MOglichk: e i t gebea
a i e h d e a an , . d e mi vellll. Hafner• S tu.b l
acbl i e S l i o h semiirb t , ao v i rd e r ine
in H e i d e lberg l e e r w i rd , ft.B, daa n entvick � l n , lM-•
l:ra.nkenhalla ge s �h i ekt . 1a !ha l i e gt 1 an•ta tt e e ab­
beko-t er
auch e inen. L e e r e 't uh l .
in
Dart geht Au•beutun&' vei ter :
v .- ... l3 o. y_ e --r me int a e i ne m " Gu t - SU11.ll t z e 11 1
S e i•e Kra.n.kbe i t v i rd gew innbringend v i r d. e in.en ere ten Sehri t t all!'
aeh t e n � daB i• SPK ke ine P a t i e n t e n
Tervert e t : P ro f i t • der d i ne• Wag untentUt aen , d , h,
eeien, we i l d i e " K l i n i ktibliehe S e l b s t ­
Arsthonorare ,
ArmHiaiUel iadus t ri e , Au•beutuag du e r • t e h t aur der Se! te der 'Be­
aordquo t e " f f'! hl t .
P ro f . U . SehJ'der aeint j e d o c h , 1 11. SPK die To• SPK au. ..
Plegepersona.l • . •trebungen,
Der K:ranke v i rd zurechtge f l i c k t , ao cehen .
a e ien P a t h n t e n . Dem e e h l i eBen e i ch
acbn.e l l vie a8gl ioh v i e d e r ut die E ill EN DRITTEN WEG UBT ES B I Cl!T
bi•
&Adere an, indea a i e den P a t i e n t e n an­
Fron
e r ia Tro-e lfeuer der
b i e te n , s i ch in der P o l i k l i n i k wei t e r ­ Die I u l tu•­
6•vorfea,
• t e i genden Pro f i tr&ten echl i e !3 l i ch au! Bemilhungen 11unaere 1 "
b e hande ln zu l a a 1 e n . • in i s t e ra H&an ( "Mir •acht • e i n
de:r S t reck• b l e i b t .
J e t z t s iad a b e r s c b o n P e. t i e n t e n d e e Ben.! SpaB" ) , dae SPK n. l i qui­
SPK, die dort ¥ & r e n , abge w i e e e n w o r d e n

WuBten Sie schon? d .h.

Ua es
a i e vurdel'I. &fl de.a SPK tibe rw i e a e n .
ku rs n.s a.maenzuf&s s e n : d i e Aqst
d i e ren ••ig'i,
richt i«•n Veg lind.
aas vir aut dea

Ihlrch die T&C'Hpre u e , Fun.k: llDd Fern­

Wll ibre Pfrlinde aeigt d e r BeTb lke rtlllg
!Urg"e r , 4 1 e hnken tmd l:t.e.ndeln,

•ehen v i e • en innr i s chen T i e l e , da.S s ind !iir die da dro bea eine
daa y ahre G e a i c h t <i i e a e r Pro f i tge i e r . Gefahr, die da.nn aa g'?'l:!Sten l e t
• i c h 1• S o S i d i s t i schen P a. t i e n t e n.k o l ­
venn geae la•u gehandelt v l rd !

•
l e k t i T an der U n i v e r s i tat H e i d e l berg
Patienten a e l b a t organ i s i e rt haben.
Yir e ind inSY i a c h e n Uber 300 Pat i e n t e n a
S PI<
Raue!"rauen, SohUl e r , R e n t n e r , A rb e i t e r ,
S�dentea, Lehrl ift&'e und Ange a t e l l t e .
niorgen
Ia Gegeaaata au: d e n Uni•ere i t a t a k l i n i ­
k e n T9rvirlcl iobt daa S P K Wi s a e n s cbalt '.,' ber 2000 Arbe i t e r und Angn t e l l te ha­
INDIZ GEGEN FRIEDEN

& den Meaeehen, d . h . fiir a l l e . ben sich 11.it dem SPK ( U n t e re c h r i f t e n - Wo dit' Gtwthl"l' in den Mapiinen bkiben
•sl
B i eaand braucht U r l aub zu nehaen ua b e !
�::;�) 2�: '.�7'! s:s����;i:�rf P:;!��:=
)
Noch lanac ktin Fritden glinun
llna beh&!l.de l t :au verden ! Grtt p penthe ra­
Es ware dtnn im Mu ..um
Die Liiuft noch
piea l111 d .lrbe i t s ic: r e i a e linden auch ter, P s y c h o the rapeu t e n , Psychologen • • .
abende atatt . E i n s e l therap i e n verden
Wo ¥On F ritden ¥iel ft'l"l'dct wird ill
a p rachen B i c h fi.ir das F o r t b e a t e h e n d e •
nacb l>edar! Tere i nbart .
S P K a n d e r Unive r e i t a t H e i d e l b e rg aus .

Soll und 1st

Noch bi"F ktin Frieden httun
Aus a. l l e n T e i l e n der Bund e s re publik und Dit Offiritrt ltoeh
aua W e a t b e r l i n koUen Gruppen um. a i ch Es sci dtnn aepn ckn KrieJ

Wo tiner im Ben slirbt ill

Ea k a.m1. aieht &ue drilcklioh gen1.14 b e ­
t o a t verdea, daB d • a S P K in der U•i­
•era i tiibklinik eata t&nden i s t .
Von d i n e r S e i t e to-en auch d i e in­
faaeten VerleuadUJt.g•na •ie Prolitc"ehr
e eben ihre fet ha P!rn.de bedroh t .
Uber die Arbe i t sve i e e d e a S PK :au in.for­
• i ere n . FUr sie s ind die Guta.ohten von Noc:h binae ktin f rieckn tte�n
Pro f . Dr . Dr . R i c h t e r , Pro f . D r . Brtickner u,
Dit �isttn an HunFr
fllnfai1 hinltr !kn sit-btn Mttftn
D r . Spasier nicht unv i s s en a c haft l i c h .
T!:i.gl l c h ko-en neue Pat i e n t e n , d i e b e ­
grl f f e n hab e n , d a B das S PK f ti r den Men.­ ht noch lange ktin Frieden wKhll namlidt
Wo tinrr �tr h unttrl

I h r A l p t raWI i l t d a a Terp s e l l 1cbal t e t e •chen a.rb e i tet und fti r die Bedilrf'n..i a a e Der Hai au{ ftn f rieden den F n11rad dtr Bniuer
Guun.dh e i h w u e a . S i e v o l l e a nicbt , 4 a 8 und Intereuen d l e r kU ft.

»Wir werden Menschen lnformationen

u� Friti 8er1 C BDI)
MITBESTIMMUNG

O
Sit �nd
JENE OROBEN

Nein. Dann konnte }I

sein. Wir werden es sein, hlf Gt"rtchlijktil
flir F ttihl!'il

r111r F ri«ltn
Sit ..,nd

oder die Welt wird dem

•r Hitf1pfk-F� im Knnkt nha� Sit \ind
Man hall llM' rur �It �l!'m>C'htn
.
bei ckn Oper11honwntschc1dunacn -

Nein. 0.M k n ntt JI Sit <.ind l'ur f rtihril und Vorbt11r,fh:ill

•&t Hdmul Schmidt (SPDJ

Erdboden gleichgemacht Sit' �nd fur Ct'rl'<'htiP.t11 und br!KIM R1rhttr

in wuen Politic. - Armt"t
der Pfortntr ¥ o m Rathau�

bei unserem Versuch,

Sit Mnd fur Fritdrn und l'lflf' :.Urkt
•at Prof. GoUwitz.tr (Milnsttr)

es :zu werden.«
die PutdrMI im lnslitut
Nein. Dann konntt ja

-
"·
bti den HabilicattonungeltFnheiltn -
Wa11n tnd\Kh IM-Jl'f'ifl 1hr d:it.

lhrt Gtrt('hfl(lkdl nit h t rnl'(' Gt""'t·h111!k r"

lhrt Frtihl!'il nkhl tlln" frl'ihtil

Eldridge Cleaver l h r F rif.Mn 11irlll r111.· r h'wdcA .,,-•

•Sit Lenin

muJ in dtr Lqe win

Jedt Puufnu

•a S1u1 zu ruhnn.
 124

NEWS ABOUT Tran s l a t i o n o f the form e r two p a g e s

( t a k e n fr o m a n e w s p a p e r , m a d e by S P K )
ILLNESS
W e g e t c l e a r w h a t h as c h a n g e d i n G e rm a n y
s i n c e 1 94 5 : N O T H I N G !

T h e y try to m a k e u s b e l i e v e t h a t al l s h o u l d
h a v e got b etter n o w : c a r , t e l e v i s i o n , h o l i d ay s
a n d l e av e . B u t fas c i sm o n l y h a s got a b e t t e r
form . B e hi n d a l l t h i s s p l e n d o u r th ere i s h i d d e n
t h e d e stru c ti o n a n d t h e o v e rk i l l of h u m a n
b e i n gs i n o r d e r to e n a b l e t h e b u s i n e s s m e n t o
e arn m o r e p r o fi t s .

L F E A N .X I E T y
It s e em s t h a t i n many w e d l o c k s a n d fam i l i e s
from n o w a d ay s t h e i n n e r re l a t i o n s h i p s m u s t
b e c h arac teri zed as t o b e to t h e u t t e rm o s t
s c a l e c h arged by t e n s i o n s a n d t h at t h e p e r ­
s o n s w h o l i v e i n t h o s e r e l a t i o n s h ip s b e t h e y
a d u l t o r c h i l d re n a r e to b e s i g n i fi e d a s u n ­
h ap p y o n e s . B u t i t a l s o s e e m s t h a t t h e y are
u n a b l e t o r e a l i z e th e c a u s e s o f t h e i r s u ffe ­
r i n gs . T h o s e o b s e r v a t i o n s m a d e a r i s e an i n ­
t e r e s t for i n v e s t i g a t i o n a b o u t t h e c a u s e s a n d
t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f t h i s s u ffer i n gs from the
b o u rg e o i s fam i l y . Following t h o s e i n v e s ti ­
g a t i o n s t h e r e h a s b e e n a s s e r t e d t h e fi n d i n g
t h a t t h o s e b a d effe c t s a r e c a u s e d b y s o c i a l
c on d i ti o n s w h i c h , b e i n g c a u s e d b y p o l i ti c al
a n d e c o n omi c facts , d e t e rmi n e t h e i n t e r ­
relatio n s h i p s of w e d l o c k s a n d fam i l i e s . From
this p e r c e p t i o n there started the i n t e n t i o n t o
e n a b l e t h e stru c k p e r s o n s by t h a t k n o w l e d g e
t o r e a l i z e t h e i r s u ffe ri n g s a s b e i n g s o c i al l y
c o n d i ti o n e d a n d t o s p are t h e m s e l v e s s e l f ­
repro a c h e s a n d t o s p a r e al s o a c c u s a t i o n s
agai n s t t h e i r s p o u s e s a n d p a r e n t s an d t o
d i r e c t t h e fam i l y d i s s ati sfact i o n s cri ti c a l l y
again s t t h e s o c i e t y .

[� C OMM U N I C AT I ONS
b y t h e S o c i a l i s t P at i e n t s ' C o l l e c ti v e ( S P K ) a t t h e Un i v e r s i t y o f
H e i d e l b e rg fro m 6 J a n u ary 1 97 1 , 690 0 H e i d e l b e r g ,
R o h r b a c h e rs t r a P e 1 2 .
 1 25
ALCOH OLISM
HEROES AGAINST DEVILS
Every d ay , w h e n h er husband
went to the steel factory of
Mannesman n , Wilma Glupp • , 3 5 ,
a t home g o t w e a k a n d was
overcome by the dipsomani a .
B y t h e month s a s state d the
doctor in his certifi c ate , she
" c o n s umed too m u c h alcohol
and didn ' t care n o l o n ger
about her children and about
her home duties " .
Mrs . Wilma promised re ­
form s , took a course of the
medicament Exh orran - but
without b e c oming steadfast.er .
The public health dep artment
ask ed a j u d ge for help and
there resu l te d , th at our
D u i sburg Misses was c h arged
by force to the closed w ard of
the mental h o s p ital Silchtel n .
Dismi s s al - c e rtifi c ate ten
weeks l ater: the n e u ro logical
tre atment is to be continued
and also i t has to b e j u d ged
as i n d i spensable that the
welfare centre permanently
has to c are about this dips o ­
m a n i a c woman . Hospital bil l :
DM 770. - .
Nobody w as w i l l i n g to p ay
for those expen s e s . In the
case of Wilma Glupp i t w as
the s ame l i k e it is in almost
all c ases of alcoholism, the
n umber of which just between
1 9 5 1 and 1 9 6 6 has climbed to
more than the fourfo l d
amount, a n umber which i s
estimated b y Deutsche Haupt-
stel le fiir Suchtgefahren n ow
to a number of 6 0 0 0 0 0 .
T h e c h i e f medical offi c e r
of h e alth ( O bermedizin alrat)
Dr. H e l l m u t Kramm at M u n i c h
complains " that all the i n ­
stitutions which o u g h t to pay
in such cases for the expen ­
ses l i k e m e d i c al insuran ces ,
annuities and social care
obstin ately try to get u n ­
l o aded from costs like those " .
He calls it an " anachroni s m "
that t h e i n s u r a n c e s s h o u l d
p ay not before the dipso­
mani acs should have gone
completely d e stroyed .
But until now this ana­
chronism stayed to be a
quite c ommon fact . The
modern consumer society
praises the alcohol and
condemns the dipsomaniacs.
DEPRESSI ONS
GLOOMY MORNING
In a German peri odical for
med icine " E u romed " recently
o n e could read an outline
about some typi c al situation
i n a consulting room . 'l'h ere
squats the patient oppres sed
by his c omm on feeling slack
comb i ned to a little b i t
s a d n e s s you can ' t tell from
where it comes ; an d th ere
his physic i an says to h im ,
in tending to cover t h e tro u ­
b l e s of th e patient th at the
sun shines b rightly o u t -
 126

d o ors a n d that t h e b o ys of A D D I C T I O N TO MEDICA MENTS

t h e p a t i e n t w e re s o m erry . POWER ON CRUTCHES.

- > In 1 9 6 7 each c i ti z e n of
Well i n t e n d e d s e n t e n c e s
t h e F e d eral R e p u b l i c ,
l i k e t h o s e n ev erth eless w ere
t h e r e i n c l u d e d also o l d
not o n l y u s e l e s s for th e
m e n and c h i l d re n , c o n ­
pati e n t but al s o I i fe ­
s u m e d m e d i c a m e n t s for
d an g e ro u s , a s i n structed t h e
in the average 5 0 DM
n am e d m e d i c al periodi c a l . B e ­
(regard l e s s of t h o s e
cause by sentences like such
m e d i c aments w h i c h h a d
the p a t i e n t w h o s u ffers from
n o t b e e n prescri b e d by
d e p r e s s i o n s e a s i l y c o u l d be
a d o ctor a n d which c o n ­
c o n firmed i n h i s o p i n i o n that
sequently had not been
for h i m i t s h o u l d m a k e no
p a i d b y a m e d i c al i n ­
sense t o g o on l i v i n g : for
s u ran c e ) .
even h i s d o c t o r s e e m e d t o be
u n ab l e t o u n d erstand him any This m e d i c am e n t - boom o n l y
longer. in a small p art consisted of
th o s e m e d i c aments w h i c h
But i n many cases d e ­ d u r i n g t h e l as t d e c a d e s h a d
pressed p a t i e n ts are n o t form e d a n d d e c i s i v e l y en ­
l o o k e d after correctl y . Con s e ­ ri c h e d th e ars e n al of the
q u e n tly t h e r e fol l o w m an y p h y s i c i a n s as for examp l e
s u i c i d e s a n d s u i ci d e - attempts . th e m o d ern antibiotics an d
the p s y c h o p h arm a k a ( for a
Every year there are more treatm e n t of seri o u s m e n tal
than 1 2. 000 Wes tern Germans dist urbances ) .
TO BUY HEA L TH
who finish their lives, r e ­
gardl es s o f t h e - presumably
great - number o f suici d e s i n
Th e prom i s e s b y w h i c h t h e
w h i ch t h e p e r s o n s w h o a r e
me d i c am e n t compan i e s ( T a ­
w e ary o f l i fe feign a c c i d e n t s
bletten - Konzern e ) i n te l e ­
o r i n w h i c h s u i c i d al activities
v i s i o n a n d i n t h e adv erti s ­
are c o v e r e d by t h e rel at i v e s .
m e n t parts o f the m e d i c a l
A n d there are at l e a s t fi v e
peri o d i c als a r e try i n g to g e t
t i m e s m o r e s u i ci d e attempts i n
con sumers f o r th e i r ph arm a ­
which physicians can help yet
ceuti c con s o l at i o n matters
i n tim e . In a great part of t h e
i n d e e d can make u s dream
l i fe - fu gi t i v e s b e i t s u c c e s s ­
about H u x l e y ' s salvation
fully or n o t th ere w ere d e ­
messages ( H e i l sb o t s c h aften ) .
pressi o n s w h i c h m a d e l i fe u n ­
" Fre s h an d bri g h t l i k e th e
tolerabl e .
n e w d a y " ( an a l g e s i c V i v i m e d )
" al w ays i n g o o d form " ( b u i l d _:
THIS FINAN CIAL WORLD
i n g u p p i l l A c t i v an at ) ,
LACKS HUMANITY
 1 27

" ag a i n s t n i g h t g h o s t s from 1 9 6 5 almost 2 b i l l i o n s o f

n o w a d ay s " ( s oporific D oroma ) , a n a l g e s i c m e d i c ame nt s
" su n - gl a s s e s for t h e psyc h e " h ave b e e n c o nsumed ;
( tranqui l izer Librium ) . total v al u e : 1 2 0 m i l l i o n s
d e u t s c h m ark .

- > N o l u d ar , t h e p o p u l ar
A n d t h e a d v e rt i s i n g t e x t ­
mak ers o f t h e ph armac e u t i c al
soporifi c a n d u n t i l now
i n d ustry u nl e as h the s u p e r ­
a v a i l a b l e for everybody
l a t i v e s i n o r d er t o o v e r c o m e
without prescription
t h e trad i t i onal anxi ety - n o t
- being the s u c c e s s or o f
at l e ast n e w l y n o u r i s h e d b y
th e i n s i d i o u s Contergan -
th e Contergan - c atastroph e -
h a s au gme n t e d its yearly
i n ord e r to d i m i n i s h i t fa ­
s a l e s start i n g from
v o u ri n g t h e u n c h a i n e d con ­
2 m i l l i o n s a year s i n c e
sumption of m e d i c am e n t s . A d ­
1 9 6 1 to 8 , 7 m i l l i on s
v erti sing text for t h e s o p orifi c
d e u tsc h m ark i n th e l as t
D o r o m a : " u n s u rp a s s e d tolera ­
y e a r . N o l u d ar con sumpti on
b i l i ty " , for th e a n a l g e s i c
1 9 6 7 : a b o u t 1 25 m i l li o n s
D o l v i ran : " e x c e l l en t t o l e r a ­
g o - t o - s l e ep - porti o n s .
b i l i ty prov e d i n m i l l i o n s o f
c as e s " ; f o r t h e tranqu i l i z e r - > V a l i u m , t h e tran q u i li. zer
Libriu m : " effi c i en t a n d w h o l e ­ for t h e most p art pre ­
s om e " ; for t h e s o p o r i fi c Stau­ scri b e d by We stern
rod orm : " fr e e from accustoming German p h ys i c i an s w h i c h
and fre e from d an g e r o f h a s e n te r e d the mark et
addiction " . o n l y fiv e y e ars ago, last
y e ars r e a c h e d i ts s a l e s
- > N i n e amongst t h e t e n top on t h e w h o l e s a l e trad e
m e d i c am e n t s m e n t i o n e d in u p to an am o u n t of
the ( secret) sales statistics 30 m i l l i o n s d e u t s chm ark
o f t h e ph arm a c e u t i c al i n ­ - n o w i s at the top of
d u s t ry i n W e s tern G e r m a n y th e p h armac e u t i c b E� s t. ­
i n t h e y e a r 1 9 6 7 w ere s e l l e r l i s t . Estimated
a n a l g e si c s , s o p orifi c s or v al i u m c o n sumption i n
tranqu i l iz e r s . 1 9 6 7 : 2 5 0 millions of
pill s .
- > A s there w a s c o m mu n i c at e d
b y the Profes s o r E be rh ard
B ay at D ii s s el d orf t h e
a n a l g e s i c s , c o n c ern i n g t h e i r
n u m b er b y s al e , r a n k at
t h e t o p of t h e b i g b u s i ­
n e s s . A t l e as t e v e ry fou rth
citizen i n t h e F e d eral
R e p u b l i c of Germany u s e s
t h e m regu l arl y . A l ready i n
 128
LABOUR MARKET ( em p l oyment
e x c h a n ge , A r b e l tsv ermi t tl u n g )
Wan ted:
diagnosti ci ans for e arly di agn o s i s
of fal s e b a s i c c o n v i c t i o n s
( Di agnostiker zur Frii h e r k e n n u n g
von Gesinnungssch aden )
psychologists for t h e g e t t i n g
a w a y o f d i ffi c u l t i e s i n a d apti n g
·
y o u th to t h e i r s u rrou n d i ngs
( Psychologen zur B e s ei t i g u n g v o n
A n p as s u n g s s c h w i e ri g k e i t e n
J ug en d l i ch e r )
healers to pr e v e n t i nj u ri o u s
alterati o n s of c o n s c i o u s n e s s
ophth almologists for t h e
treatm e n t o f far s i g h te d n es s
- fu n c t i onal d i s t u r b a n c e s
anesthetists for perman e ntly
gen eralize d sleeping c u r e t o b e
appl i ed t o e v e rybody
curing doctors w h o are e x p e ­
ri e n c e d i n forced p r e v e n t i v e
cures which work against the
al arm i n g augmentation of red
blood corpu s c l e s
curators t o c are a b o u t l i b eration
maniacs
surgeons to amputate outgrowths
and excesses
professors for t e s t s e r i e s d e al i n g
w i t h b r a i n trans p l antation
offi cial physi cians of confidence
( Vertrau e n s arzte) to h e al
d em ocracy from an e mi a .
"STRESS CAUSED B Y THE PLACE
OF WORK"
Fran k furt ( d p a ) T h e " stress a t
t h e p l a c e of w ork " w h i c h a u g ­
m e n t s p e rm a n e n tl y m a k e s c l i m b ­
i n g t h e n u m b e r of t h e n e rv o u s
a n d m e n tal d i s t u r b an c e s to a
h i g h e r a n d h i g h e r s c al e . Th e
d i rector and m e d i c a l offi c e r
of h e al t h o f B o c h u m ,
D r . H e i n r i c h Bu c k u p related
l a s t w e d n e s day at Fran k furt
at the yearly c o n gr e s s of
t h e German Soci et y For
M a i n t e n a n c e of I n d u s t r i a l
H e al t h a n d Safety Stan d ards
( A rbeitssch u tz ) that already
n o w ad ay s fo rty perc e n t s of
all m e n and w om e n i n th e
F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c of Germany
wh o only for a s h o rt ti m e
h a d fa l l e n i n i l l n e s s n o w
s u ffe r from vegetative a n d
w h i c h are main ly e x pr e s s e d
by n ervous trou b l e s o f
h e art and stoma c h .
( H T 26. 1 1 . 70)
Th e c apitalist s o c i e ty
h a s m a d e everybody
an d ourselves fal l i n g
i l l ! G e t a w a y w i th
c a p i talism !
G al l o w s b i rd s
A s y o u c a n t a k e fro m t h e
n u m b e rs o f turn o v e r of
t h e p har m a c e u t i c a l i n ­
d u s tri e s a l l adm o n i t i o n s
d o n e by e x p e r i e n c e d
c ri t i c s w e re i n vain .
M U R D E R
on the ramp
 1 29

The most uncomfortable

YOU GOT AN ENEMY :

He doesn ' t care about what you earn -

as l o n g as h e i s e arning e n ough by makin g u s e of you .
He doesn ' t c are about w h at you spend -
as l o n g as you buy from h i m .
H e d oesn ' t c a r e about what you b u y -
as long as it is the decision of h im to care about
w h ether your outfi t i s a fashionable o n e .
He doesn ' t care about w h at you are l o o k i n g l i k e -
as long as your hair i s not too l o n g .
H e doesn ' t care a b o u t the l e n gth of y o u r h a i r -
as l o n g as you shut u p your mouth .
He doesn ' t. c are about your opinion -
as l o n g as you slave for him .
He d o e s n ' t c are about your arguments against him -
as l o n g as you do n othing against h im .

He doesn ' t care

about wh ere you have to w ork -
as l o n g as you
d o n ' t see wh ere he lazes .
He doesn ' t c are
w here you are dwelling -
as l o n g as you
p ay your rent i n time to him .
He doesn ' t c are
which h i t you are hearing -
as l o n g as y o u d a n c e s to his tun e .
H e doesn ' t c are about which thriller you see -
as long as it isn ' t himself, whom you fin d guilty .

Try to speak to him -

l\e n othing can d o without rage i n g or caressing.
Try to n e gociate with him -
he will laugh and wipe the floor with you .
Before h e w i l l renounce his properti e s ,
before h e w i l l beat it -
h e will prefer to k n o c k d o w n the world
and also you .

You got an enemy :

j u s t in th is moment h e agai n i s raising his arm
again st you
an d he is thrashing y o u -
as long as you let him thrash .
 130
T 0 c H A N
H E A L T H 0 u c h
L i f e i s wha t you make i t
Il l n e s s i s n o t an i n c i d en t in a
s i n gl e person , i l l i s . . . o u r
s o c i e t y . I n o u r s o c i ety t h e r e
r u l e s c api tali s m , t h e re tri umph
t h e i n terests to e arn profits ,
there th e victims are m e rci ­
lessly squeezed and consumed
i n fav o u r of a li ttle ru l i n g
min ority . The h o s pital m a ch i ­
n e ry i s n ot h i n g b u t t h e p u r ­
s u i t o f t h e profi t e c o n omy b y
other means. The e xploited
h u m a n b e i n g m u s t sell i t s e l f ,
e v e n q u i t e b e y o n d the pri c e
h e achieves indeed , until h e
s o o n e r o r l ater w i l l en d
totall y e x h austed .
A n d th e n , w h e n h e i s
fi n a l l y w orn d o w n b y t h e
c apitalist e c o n o m y , they
d el i v e r him to a h os p i tal .
There t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n i s
continue d : his illness i s
tran sform e d s o t h a t th e oth ers
c a n e arn p ro fi t s of it: h o ­
n o r ars for th e p h y s i c i an s ,
profi t s o f t h e ph arm a c e u t i c a l
i n d u st ry , ex p l o i tati on o f th e
n u r s i n g e q u i pm e n t .
Th e i l l p e rs o n is patch ­
w ork e d ( w i rd zure c h tgefl i c k t ) .
a s soon a s possible he i s
thrown b a c k t o t h e fro n t ,
u n ti l h e fi n a l l y i s fin i s h e d o ff
i n the d ru m fire of t h e growi n g
profi t rat e s .
G E
YOU GOT TO KNOW IT
BEFORE ?
By th e n e w s papers , b r o a d c a s t
an d tel e v i s i on m e a n w h i l e
m a n y p e o p l e k n o w t h a t th ere
exist patients at t h e Uni ­
v e r s i ty of H e i d elberg w h o
h av e organ ized themselv e s .
U p to n o w a d ay o u r n u m b e r
h as grown u p t o 3 00 p a ­
t i e n t s : h o u s e w i v e s , pupil s ,
a n n u i t an t s , workers , stu -
d e n t s , appre n tic e s a n d e m ­
p l o y e e s . Q u i t e on t h e con ­
trary to the U n i v ersity
h o s p i ta l s the SPK tru l y does
science for h u m a n s , that i s
for a l l .
Nobo d y n e e d s to t a k e a
d ay off in order to enter u s !
Group therap i e s and s t u d y
w ork g r o u p s take p art also
in t h e e v e n i n g . Personal
therapi es c an be d o n e by
agre e m e n t w h e n requ i re d .
DEBIT AND BE
It c an ' t be u n d e rl i n e d
en o u gh , t h a t t h e SPK h a s
started from t h e U n i v ersity ' s
h o s p i t al . From th i s s i d e there
come the most i n fam o u s
c a l u mn i e s : t h e profit v u l tures
are realizi n g some m e n a c e
c o n c e rn i n g t h e i r ri c h s i n e ­
c u r e s ( Pfriln d e n ) .
The ir n i gh tm are i s a
s o c i alized h e alth system .
Th ey d on ' t want at al l , that
the h e alth system should be
u s ed totally i n order to
serve the n e e d s of t h e

pati e n ts . M a k i n g u s e of a l l
tri c k s they try to m a i n t a i n
th e existing relat i o n s : a l l
h av e to pay , a n d th e y are
th o s e w h o are m ak i n g m o n e y
T h e m e d i c a l order " primum
nil n o cere " = " fi r s t n o t to
d amage " for them m e a n s
n o t h i n g b u t to e arn profi t s .
H o w m a n y p e o p l e by t h a t fal l
by the w a y s i d e l s p artly
known .
THE RA CIAL PURE ORDER
Prof. D r . H e i n z H afn er ( fri end
of the m i n i s ter of t h e i n t erior
Krau s e ) gets 3 0 m i l l i o n s D M i n
o r d e r to es tab l is h a t Mann ­
h e im a c e n tre of p sy c h o ­
th erapy . There w i l l b e tre ated
at the most 2 5 0 p a t i e n ts .
T h e SPK gets - by p e r ­
m a n e n t d e l ay - 3 2 0 0 D M a
m o n th . Hafn e r : " T h e SPK r e ­
presents a s e r i o u s m e n a c e
agai n s t my p l an . "
H i s subordi n at e , D r . Kretz ,
i s of t h e same o p i n i o n , for i f
t h e p r o fe s s o r s h i p of H afn er
ends at H e i d e l b erg D r . Kretz
also will gain a c h air at
Heidelberg.
V o n B a e y e r i n h i s " report "
( " Gu tachten " ) m e an s , that i n
t h e SPK there w e r e n o
patients , b e c a u s e t h e SPK
l a c k s " th e amo u n t of s u i c i d e s
w h i c h i s u s u a l i n h o s p i t al s . "
Q u i t e o n t h e contrary
Prof. U . S c h n y d e r i s of the
131
o p 1 m o n th a t i n th e SPK t h e re
were p a t i e n t s . An d there are
o t h e r m e d i c a l c o l l e a gu e s of
hi s w h o j o i n h i s o p i n i o n by
. offe r i n g th e p a t i e n t s of t h e
SPK to return to the
P o l ic l i n i c i n order to start
o n c e more a t h e rap y But .
n o w some patients w h o
fol l ow e d t h i s s u p ply w e r e
rej e c te d by t h e P o l i c l i ni c and
that ' s t o s ay that they were
referred b a c k to the SPK .
In s h o r t : t h e anxi ety
about th e i r s i n e cures
( Pfrii n d e n ) shows to the
population t h e true face of
those profi t v u ltures ( P rofi t. ­
geier) .
WE CONTINUE S P K !
Fron t agai n s t s u ppre s s i o n
an d exploi tation
M o re than 2000 w o r k e r s a n d
emp l o y e e s a t H e i d e l b erg a n d
i n its surro u n d i n gs h a v e d e ­
c l ared t h e i r s o l i d arity w i t h
th e SPK by putting th e i r
s i gn ature . 2 1 4 s c i e n t i sts
( p s y c h i atrists , psych oth 4� r a ­
p i s t s , p s y c h o l ogists . . . )
c l ai m e d t h a t t h e SPK must b e
c o n t i n u e d a t t h e University
of H e i d e l b e r g . From a l l parts
of t h e Federal R e p u b l i c of
Germany and of Western
Berl i n th e re come groups i n
order to g e t k n o w l e d ge about
t h e w o r k i n g a n d the m e th o d s
b e i n g u s e d i n t h e SPK . T h o s e
persons a n d gro u p s d o n ' t
tak e t h e r e p o rts ( G u t a c h t e n )
d o n e by Prof. D r . D r . Richter,
Prof. D r . Bru c k n e r and
 1 32
D r . Spazi e r for u n s c i e n t i fi c .
D ai ly there come n ew p a t i e n t s ,
w h o h av e understood that the
SPK w o rk s for m an a n d f o r the
n e e d s a n d t h e i n t e r e s t s o f al l
p e o pl e .
HTHE LAST FIG-LEA VES HA VE
FALLEN DOWN "
H e w h o t a k e s i n terest i n t h e
U n i v ersity remain i n g a p r i v a t e
m a tt e r o f t h e profe s s o rs an d
t h e i r s u c c e s s o r s a n d a c c om ­
p l i c e s w orks agai n s t h i s o w n
i n t erests .
B u t h e w h o i s o f t h e ri g h t
opin i o n ,
- t h a t t h e u n i v ersity b e l ongs
to the p o p u l a ti on w h o p a y s
fo r i t ,
- th at t h e u n i v e r s i t y h a s to
g i v e t o all p e o p l e this k i n d
of k n ow l e d g e w h i c h s h o w s
t h e r e l ati o n s e x a c t l y a s
th e y are ,
- that t h e u n i v e r si t y h a s t o
g i v e to e v e ryon e t h e p o s s i ­
b i l i t y to d e v el o p a l l d i s ­
p o s i t i o n s w h i c h h e h a s in
h i m s e l f , i n s t e a d of getti n g
t h e m s p oi l t ,
w i l l d o t h e fi rst s t e p on t h i s
way by s u p p o r t i n g t h e SPK ,
t h a t m e an s t h at h e is on t h e
s i d e o f a l l t h o s e e ffo r t s d o n e
b y t h e SPK .
There doesn 't exist no third
way.
T h e e fforts ( B e m ii h u n g e n ) " o f
ou r " c u l t u r e m i n i s t e r H a h n
( "m y profe s s i on i s my fu n " ) t o
l i q u i d at e th e S P K s h o w s t h a t
w e are o n t h e r i g h t t r a c k .
Citizens w h o t h i n k a n d a c t
a r e a d a n g e r for t h e t o p
( b r a s s ) e s t a b l i s h m e n t. a n d
t h i s d a n ger w i l l reach th e
gre a t e s t r i s k , i f there w i l l
b e a c t e d c ommo n l y !
TOMORRO W
HINT A GAINST PEACE
Where th e gu n s remain i n
t h e i r stores there i s
fo r a l on g t i m e y e t n o p e a c e
a r e gli tt eri ng
y e t th e b a rr e l s
e x c e p t a l l s h o u l d t ak e p l a c e
i n a mu seum
W h e r e t h e r e i s s po k e n m u c h
a b o u t p e a c e there i s
fo r a l o n g t i m e y e t n o
p e a c e i f t h e o ffi c e r s
go on i n s t i g a ti n g
e x c e pt t h e y w e r e ag ai n s t
w ar
Where somebody dies in h i s
b e d there i s
for a l o n g time y e t n o
p e a c e i f th e r e d i e
fi ft y b e h i n d t h e s e v e n g re a t
s eas
most of th e m by h u n g e r
W here t h e r e i s s tarv i n g
s o m e b o d y by h u n ger
there i s for a long t i m e y e t
n o pe a c e n a m e l y i s g r o w i n g
t h e h a t. r e d again s t t h e
p e a c e w h i c h i s a fri e n d o f
t h e p o s s e s s o rs
 133
C O - DETERMINATION
s ay s Fritz B e r g
(BDI= a top
manager o f t h e
employers'
a s s o c i ati on ) :
N o . Then the
a s s i t a n t nurse i n a
h ospital c o u l d
d e c i d e about
o p erati o n s
s ays Helmut
Schmidt (SPD , later
o n c h an ce l l o r o f
the F e deral
Republi c ) : N o . T h e n
a l s o t h e d oorman of
our town hall could
i n fl u e n c e o u r
politics -
says
Prof. Gollwitzer
( M u n s te r ) :
N o . · Then the
c h arewoman in t h e
institute could in
questions of
h ab i l itati o n s -
ye s
s a i d Le n i n :
e v e ry c h arew oman
has t o b e abl e t o
enter s i tu a t i o n s
which allow her to
lead the State .
Informations
Those at the top
they l i k e liberty
they l i k e j u s t i c e
they like peace
they are t a k e n for
good men .
they are for l i b e rty
and for prote c t i v e
cu stody i m p r i s o n me n t
( V o r b e u g e h aft )
they are for ju s ti c e
a n d for n az i ( brow n )
j u d ges
they are for p e ac e
a n d for a strong
army .
a n d sti l l : they are
t a k e n for good men .
H o w l on g fin ally d o e s
it tak e , until y o u
realize that
their l ib erty i s not
your l i b e rty
t h e i r j u s t i c e is n o t
y o u r j u s ti c e ,
t hHir p e a c e i s n o t
your peace.
Wh e n fi n ally w i l l yo u
s e e through th�m?
 1 34

T H I S TEXT IS BUT A B E G I N N I N G . . .

VII Documentary Chapter

37.) ABOUT THE POLITICAL ECONOMY I N THE IDENTITY OF

SUICIDE = MURDER (ZUR POLITISCHEN OKONOMIE DER
IDENTITAT SELBSTMORD = MORD }

1. Pati e n t s ' p r e s s N o 3 5 - N e w U n i v ersity ' s Mirror N o 6

SUICIDE = MURDER = SUICIDE = MURDER .= SUICIDE

In t h e sense t o produce r e v o l u t i o n ary e n ergi e s material m i s ery

b e c o m e s a progres s i v e matt e r . As there i s k n o w n , Marx r e q u i r e s
t h i s w o r k i n g fun c tion ( M o m e n t ) for b e l o n gi n g to t h e ( i n d u s t ry )
p ro l e tariat ( s u bj e c t i v e fac t o r ; s u bj e k t i v e r Fakto r ) . S o c i al
p r o s c r i p t i o n h o w e v e r is th e mark of t h e " ri ff - raff prol etari a t "
( " L u m p e n p r o l e t a ri at " ) ( t h e u n e m p l oy e d , t h e s i c k , the cri mi n a l s
= d e b tors ari s i n g by t h e i r own fa u l t = s e l b s t v e rs c h u l d e t ) .
T h o s e p e o p l e are - c a u s e d by the ru l i n g i d e o l ogy - outcasts
b o t h regard i n g th e social process and t h e revolution ary m o v e ­
m e n t . T h e i r p o l i t i c a l h o n o rary title i s a v ari ant b e t w e e n an ti ­
s o c i a l a n d a n a r c h i s t . . . " It ' s n o b l am e to be poo r" . . . " Lo s e of
m o n e y , l o s e o f much I lose of h o n o u r , l o s e of a l l " ( " Ge l d v e r ­
l or e n , v i e l v e r l o r e n I E h r e v er l o re n , al l e s v erloren " ) . . . a n d
w h i c h o t h e r d i c t a ( th e o bj e c t i v e Sp i r i t = o bj e k t i v e r G e i s t ) the r e
m ay b e e l s e .

B y m e a n s o f e x p l o i t a t i o n c a p i t al i sm g e n e rates t h e material
m i s e ry ( d i al e ctic mome n t , as fol l o w s after H e g e l , analogously
c i t e d h e r e : c a p i t a l i s m i s too p o o r in o r d e r to b e a b l e to a b o l i s h
t h e p o v e rty prod u c e d by capi t a l ism i t s e l f) .

A l o n g t h e d e v e l opment i n the i n n e r of t h e p e r s o n s c a pi t al i sm
p r o d u c e s t h e an x i e ty of or r e s p e c t i v e l y b e c au s e and by th e
 135

s o c i al proscripti o n ( h i s toric proc e e d i n g of a p e rson t h e ,

c o n s c i o u s n e s s o f whom b e i n g e s s e n ti ally s i n c e e v e r a n d e v e n
l o n g before h i s b e i n g b o r n i s p ro g r a m e d i n a m a n n e r to av o i d
at any rate e a e h o c c u r e n c e a n d e ach situa tion from wh i c h
t h e r e c o u l d ari s e an y k i n d o f s o c i a l proscripti on ) . B o t h f a c t ors ,
material m i s e ry a n d s o c i al proscript i o n , are d e adly , m u r d e r
tool s o f t h e c a p i ta l i s t s o c i ety, by w h i c h t h i s s o c i ety goes o n
m a k i n g s u ffe ri n g u n t i l thi s s o c i ety itself, gets cru s h e d b e tw een
th o s e tw o m i l l s t o n e s w h i c h b e l o n g to itself. T h e re w a s mad e
u s e o f those two m i ll s t o n e s b y t h e F a c u lty o f M e d i c i n e , by t h e
u n i v e rsity ' s top - l e ad e r R e n d t o rff a n d by t h e culture mini ster
H a h n u n t i l t h ey had a c h i e v e d to murder an SPK member, a u s e
ap p l i e d by t h e m i n t h e omen of a d o u btfu l fortu n e . T h e lock
o u t ( A u s sperru n g ) , d i sm i s s a l ( E n t l a s s u n g ) an d th e b a n on
entering t h e clinic ( H a u sverbot ) , all t o g e t h e r aimed at c a u s i n g
p h y s i c al d e ath ( p h y s i s c h e Vern i c h t u n g ) a n d s o c i al d i s c r i m i n a ­
t i o n ( c au s i n g i n stigation by p r e s s , t e l e v i s i o n a n d s o on =
Offen t l i c h k e i t s h e t z e )
.

From the fi rst d ay of h e r h a v i n g appeared i n the SPK th €� n o w

m u r d e r e d S P K m e m b e r p e r h a p s m o r e than a l l t h e o t h ers h a s h ad
to s e e h e rs e l f c o n fronted to t h o s e b o th m u r d e r i n strumen t s . I t
h a d b e e n h e r urgen t w a n t t o j o i n o u r w o r k as s o o n as p o s s i bl e .
B u t fi rstly fro m w h e r e s h e h a d c o m e ( from C o l o gn e ) sh e h a d got
n o money e x c e p t o f s i c k n e s s b e n e fi t which now the i n surances
a n d t h e p h y s i c i a n s at H e i d e l b e r g refu s e d to c o n t i n u e i f she
h e r s e l f s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t o stay at H e i d e l berg instead o f
t u r n i n g b ac k to C o l o gn e . L ab e l l e d as being a schizop h re n i c
"

p e rson " s h e fe l t h e r t a i n t e d by a h er e d i t ar y d i s e a s e u p t o t h e
::; ti gma o f t o t a l i nfe ri ority s h e n o w a l s o h ad t o fac e h e r get.t i n g
p o l i t i c a l l y d i s crim i n a t e d i f s h e s h o u l d go o n j o i n i n g in SPK , h e r
I n t e n t i o n w h i c h s h e , b e i n g an u p righ t p e r s o n a l i ty , c o u l d n t. b u t
'

e x p r e s s e v e n t o th e authoriti e s . Therefore s h e w a s right w i t h

h e r a n x i e ty that t h e auth orities s h o u l d take d o w n h e r b E! i n g a
member of t h e SPK in t h e i r fi l e s a n d d o c u m e n ts r e g a rd l es s of
the y e t more d i s a d v an t a ge s , w h i c h s u r e l y s h o u l d be c au s e d by
t h i s d i s crimin a t i o n ( getti n g n o j o b , comp u l s o ry h o s p i t alization
l n a m e n t a l h o s p i t a l , i f she s h o u l d c o n tinue her stru ggl e fo r
t h e s i c k n e s s b e n e fi t , w h i c h s h e w a s r i g h t by l aw to requ i re ,
e tc . ) . A n d j u s t t h a t w a s th e appre h e n s i o n w h i c h s h e expre s s i ­
v e ly a s s o c i at e d to t h e fac t , th at t h e c u l t.u s - m i n i ster H a h n
u n t i l n o w h a d refu s e d to th e S P K t h e l e g i t i matio n to become a n
i n st it u t i o n j o i n e d to the u n i v ersi ty . A s t h e r e i s k n o w n the,

m ate r i a l d i s aster of her had been caused j u s t by all h er

attempts to a v o i d h e r b e i n g politi c ally d i scrim i n a t e d w h e n s h e
h ad to c on tact t h e auth o ri t i e s . A l s o s h e y e t h ad e x p e r i e n c e d
w h e n s h e h ad v i s i t e d t h e p s y c h i a t ric p o l i c l i n i c at t h e
 136

u n i versity. that i t l a c k e d a n y effi c i e n ey e v e n i f s h e had b e e n

w i l l i n g to take o v e r th e mark o f s o c i al p r o s c r i p t i o n ( " s c h i z o ­
p h reni c " ) a n d t o get a l o n g w i t h i t - a n d th u s j u s t the l atter
e x am p l e o f her fai l i n g t o s e cure her immedi ate needs of l i fe
c o u l d n o t h i n g b u t rei n force h e r impre s s i o n t h a t e s p e c i a l l y h e r
o w n s i t u a t i o n c o u l d n o t h i n g b u t get m o r e an d more h o p e l e s s i n
fu ture ( " t o s c h i zophre n i c p e r s o n s I n e v e r g i v e any m e d i cal
c e rtifi c ate " - the a s s i s t a n t phys i c i an o f th e u n i v e r s i ty ' s
m e d i c a l p ol i c l i n i c h ad s a i d to h e r ) .

W h e n s h e h ad s t arted h e r s e c o n d at.tempt. on h e r own a c c o u n t

t o g et a j o b t h e n o w m u r d e r e d S P K m e m b e r h ad been prai s e d
b e c a u s e o f h e r fi t n e s s on th e proba t i o n . Bu t all t h e mo re s h e
h a d d e s p a i r e d of t h e g o o d e x p ec t a t i o n s of h e r employers i n
fu t u re b e c a u s e of h e r o w n fe e l i n g s o c i a l l y i n feri o r . T h e
m a t e r i al s i tu a t i o n o f t h e SPK , as b e i n g c a u s e d by R e n d torff a n d
Hahn , j u s t c a n ' t o ffer any c h a n c e fo r s u rv i v al , n o t to m e n t i o n
t h e p o s s i b i l i ty o f a n y " r e h a b i l i t ati on " , be i t o n l y b y smal l
s t e p s . But w e ' l l n e v e r forget t h a t we h a v e to stru ggl e by al l
m e a n s to alter this situation !

The p h y s i c a l k i l l ( materiel l e V e rn i c h t un g ) , i n stigated by the

s i d e of o u r e n e m i e s , i s repre s e n t e d i n t h e l a s t l etter o f t h e
n o w m u r d e r e d S P K m em b e r b y th e s i gn i fi c a n t. w o rd s : " I a m
d e a d . " H e r anx i ety b e c a u s e o f h e r s o c i a l l y b e i n g proscri bed
s e e m s t o have b e e n her compani on even i n her regard i n g t h e
time aft e r h e r d e at h : " I d o n ' t w a n t to b e b u r i e d along w i th
M arx a n d Le n i n " ( " Ie h m o c h t e n i e h t m i t Marx u n d L e n i n b e ­
graben w e r d e n " ) . " I h av e u n d e r s t o o d n o t h i n g '' mea n s : i n m y
tru e o p i n i o n i t i s q u ite c l e a r t h a t I can ' t d o anyth i n g e l s e by
m y s e l f aga i n s t t h e murder weapons h u n ger a n d m i s e ry , and
th a t ' s w h y I t h i n k , that th e b e h a v i o u r which I h a v e c h o s e n
n o w i s u n d erstan d a b l e a n d m ak i n g s e n s e . If K u M i H a h n ( Ku M i =
a b b r . sign i fy i n g c o w s h i t. i n s t e a d of c u l t u s mi n i s ter ) , R e c t o r
R e n d torff a n d t h e p i g c o m p u l s ory physi c i a n s ( S ch w e i,!! epfl i c h t ­
lirzte i n s t e ad o f m e d i c a l s e c r e c y p h y s i ci ans = S c h w ei_ge p fl i c h t ­
arzte ; r e m e m b e r al s o h u sh - m o n ey - p h y s i c i a n s ) o f t h e m e d i c a l
fac u l t y ( fu c k i n g med i c i n e ; germ . a b b r . : M e d . Fak . ) be .l i e v e t h a t
th e y y e t n o w w h e r e i n n o c e n t t h e i r percepti o n m u s t b e s e n ­
ten c e d as b e i n g m i s t a k e n up to th e h i gh e s t p oi n t . ( M ore t o
read thereabout i n t h e P h e n om e n o l ogy of t h e S p i r i t by Hegel ,
c h apte r II ) .

M u r d e r i s murd e r . B u t m u rderers b e h i n d the s c e n e s ( S c h rei b ­

t i s c h m o r d e r ) can ' t b e compared t o common and u s u a l m u r d e rers ,
for they are worse . They are d e a d b o d i e s ' e x p l o i ters ( Le i c h e n ­
fl e d d e re r ) , greasy v am p i re s . H e w h o h a s s u ffe red and
 1 37

experienced it by his own body (SPK) k n ow s , w h a t there i s

meant by that.

Bu t the murders (Mord tate n ) of t h e murderer- gang behind the

scenes (Schreibtischmordercli qu e ) Hahn , Rendtorff and medicine
pigs will strik e b a c k against them j u s t in the w ay the ground
of w h i c h i s d i alectic as i t s tarts from its being d etermined by
capital i sm (nach dem vom Kapital i sm u s bestimmten Prinzip der
Dial ektik } .

Socialist Patie n ts ' Collective

at the Univ ersity of Heid elberg
Rohrbacher Str . 1 2 1 6 April 1 9 7 1

2. Pati ents ' - Info N o 3 7 - New Uni - Mirro r N o 8

ABOUT THE POLITICAL E C O N O M Y OF MURDER

"A crime can b e exclu d ed " - thus it has been taken down in
the "Suici d e - n o ti c e " (Selbstmordnotiz) from 1 0 April 1 9 7 1 in
the new spapers at Heidelberg. The newspapers, just the same
as the bourgeo i s science h a v e to e x c l u d e t h e c r i m e , that
is the d e s t r u c t i o n o f h u m a n b e i n g s i n
p e r m a n e n c e b y t h e c a p i t a l i s t Sy s t e m o f
e x p l o i t a t i o n .

The l i berty of th e press is the liberty of the rulers to mask

connections and contexts.

Many readers of our first communic ation about "Suicide =

Murder" ( "Selbstmord = Mord " } got more h u n ger for details after
h aving consumed this leafl e t . Lacking any idea of directin g
themselves to the press in order to insist forc edly on the
publishing of a coherent report they al so lacked any drive to
feel themselves stimulated to d o an acti v e correction against a
murdershit l i k e that, variati ons of which has been amply
an alyzed since some d ecades ago . Their little bit bad con ­
science can ' t but cause them to fee l some remors e , if they read
the w ord "murd e r " (ihnen schH igt bei " Mord " pflichtschuldigst
das bij3chen Gewissen } . Because of some pseudocritic mental i ty
acquired by i n cu l c ated cond itioning as usual in childhood and
education they are fon d of n ourishing this kin d of conscience
with some more details i n o " der to fal l even better asleep l ater
 1 38

o n . Nevertheless it is e a s y to c o n c e i v e ( b egreife n ) c o n n e c t i o n s ,
o n e c a n l e arn t o tak e d o wn t h e m i n a m a n n e r of s u i t a b l e ad e ­
quacy, b u t t o develop activities based o n consequence is a
v e ry h e av y task fo r t h o s e o n e s , w h o fe el h e al thy a n d w h o fe ar
that there could exist s o m e t h i n g w h i c h they c o u l d run the risk
t o l o s e ; obj e cti v e l y the e x p l o i t e d ones at a n y rate p o s s e s s n o ­
t h i n g w h i c h t h e rulers c o u l d n ' t. b e a b l e t o d i s p o s e o f ( b e s i tzen
. . . sowieso n i c h t s , w a s s i c h n i c h t i n d e r G e w a l t d e r Herrs c h e n ­
d e n b e fi n d e t. ) . Long t i m e ago b e fore on e s b i rth a l l d e c i s i o n s
'

h a v e b e e n d o n e a b o u t on e ' s fee l i n g s , th o u g h t s a n d e v e n a b o u t
th e fu n ct i o n s o f o u r b o d i e s . ( L a n g e b e v o r e i n e r geboren wird ,
i s t s c h o n U b e r s e i n e G e fii h l e , G e d a n k e n u n d Ki:irperfu n k ti o n e n
e n t s c h i e d en ) . Y o u o n l y j u s t get this k i n d of body w h i c h y o u
c o u l d h a v e got u n d e r the c o n d i t i o n s an d u n d e r th e d i ctatorsh i p
o f t h e c a pi t a l i s t rel ati o n s o f p ro d u c t i o n ( e s b e k ommt. e i n e r
d e nj en i g e n Le i b , d e n i h m d i e k ap i t a l i s t i s c h e n Prod u k ti o n s ­
v e rh al t n i s s e z u d i k ti eren ) . What for w e alth ' s ak e any e x p l o i t e d
c an l o s e , i f o n e re gard s and n o t i c e s th i s m o s t import.ant fac t ,
t h a t e v e ryth i n g ( c omplete : h i s possi b i l i t i e s t o b e d e v e l o p e d , the
w o rl d , e v e ryth i n g ) from the st.art h a s b e e n t a k e n away fro m
him? ( W as a l s o h at d e r A u s g e b e u t e t e zu v erl i e r en , w e n n i h m
sowi e s o v o n v o rn h e re i n al l e s g e n o m m e n i s t ? )

B a c k to t h e p u b l i c o p i n i o n m ak er s .

B e i n g s u b m i t t e d t h e m s e l v e s to th e fo rces of a c c u m u l a t i o n -
t h e y m u s t print a d v erti s e m e n t s an d t h e r e fo r e they m u s t d a n c e
to t h e t u n e o f th o s e w h o p a y fo r th e a d v e r t i s e m e n t s - t h e
i n stru c t e d j o b ( A u ftragsarb e i t ) o f t h o s e o p i n i on m a k e rs i n i t s
resulti n g can pro d u c e n o t h i n g b u t the rema i n i n g s t u c k to t h e
c o d e s o f th e rul i n g s ci e n c e . D u t y to i n form therefore i s : t o c a s t
to t h e n e w s p a p e r r e a d e r = · o m n i v orer a n d omn i d e v o u rer ( A l l e s ­
fre s s e r u n d A l l e s s c h l u c k e r ) s o m e fu c k e d s c raps ( facts ) - s e x
a n d age o f the " c u l pri t , p l a c e and time o f the c r i m e etc . F o r
"

s a v o u ry a n d tasty s u p p l e m e n ts to t h e rep orti n g also may serve

h i n ts l i k e " c o mm u n e " an d " p i l l p o i s o n " and soon t o t h e r e a d e r
w i l l o c c u r th e rel ated ( re l a ted t o w h om ? g e rm . : d az u geh i:i rige I
h i:i r i g w e m ? ) " story" th at i s some i d e o l o g i c al fas h i o n a b l e pro d u c t
w h i c h i s l a c k i n g any h i s t o r i c c o n t e x t . Th e s o - c a l l e d common
s e n s e ( g e s u n d e r M e n s c h e n v ersta n d = U n v erst a nd - n o n s e n se - )
i s t h e m o s t trus t w orthy c o l l aborator o f c a p i talism ( = c r i m e ) .

From t h e " s u i " c i d e ( " S e l b s t. " mord ) th e n n o th i n g remains b u t a

t a l e ( Ge s c h i c h te ) , that m e an s som e t h i n g w h i c h l a c k s any e ffe c ­
t i v e n e s s ( w i rk u ngsl o s ) , b e c a u s e t h e d e ad l y e ffe c t s o f t h e
rel ati o n s c o n n e c t e d to i t get n o t i c e d w i th o u t b e i n g c o m b i n e d to
th e c o n s c i o u s n e s s and o n l y i n stereoty p e s . The l a c k i n g of any
 1 39

c o n s c i o u s n e s s i n h i b i t s the gettin g c l e ar of t h e r e l ated m atters

a n d t h e i r c o n n e c t i o n ( s u i c i d e = murder) and therefore also
there are stopped all c on s e q u e n c e s , w h i c h have o t h e r w i s e to
s t art from in s i g h t and u n d erstan d i n g . This su i c i d e = m u r d E�r
d o e s n ' t b e c om e s i g n i fi c a n t ( b e d e u t s a m ) w i t h o u t fi rstly a d d i n g to
i t its historic c o n n e c ti o n an d c o n t e x t , a n d t h e n this s u i c i d e =
murder gets d an g e r o u s for th e " s tabi l i ty" of c u rrency
( W a h ru n g ) , for i t turns i n t o m u r d e r , b u t n o l o n ger to murder
against h u m a n b e i n gs , but to murder agai n st th e capital i sm and
i t s a d v o c ats ( S a c h w a l t e rn ) .

C a u s e d b y t h e c a p i t a l i s t p r o c e s s o f w e ar and tear combined to

th e c a p i t a l i s t p r o c e s s of proscri p t i o n t h e murdered M. h a d been
turn e d i n t o a p e r s o n w h o l a c k e d any w orth in the eyes of the
b u r e a u c racy ( s e c tor of di stri bution - Di stribu t i o n s s p h are - ) .
N e v erth e l e s s there w as the pressure to pre s e n t h erself for s a l e
i f s h e w o u l d n o t d i e of h u n g e r w h e t h e r i m m e d i ately or c a u s e d
by the s o c i a l pros cripti o n . D e ath is t h e c o n s e qu e n t pursuit o f
t h e m a s s m u r d e r w h i c h s t a r t s from t h e p l a n s and proj e c ts com­
bined t o c a p i t a l i s m by c a u s a l e o n n e c ti o n . B e fore s h e came to
t h e S P K M . h ad regard e d h erself a s being " ru i n e d " ( " k aputt " )
a n d as a " w reck " . N o w on d e r ! T h e p s y c h o p h a rm a c e u t i c p i l l
p o i s o n , t h e b o d y d estroy i n g ( s u bstanzsch a d i ge n d e n ) e l e ctro ­
s h o ek s , in general all k i n d s of spe c i al treatments u s e d agai n s t
h e r abun d antly h a d mark e d h e r c o n s c i o u s n e s s , w h i c h was Jin n o
way s c h i zophren i c , u p to a d e gree to get quite c le ar w h a t i s
r e a l i ty . C a u s e d by t h e s o c i ety, w h i c h p erm a n ently refu s e d to
give h e r w h at s h e n e e d e d to l i v e her l i fe , s h e w a s right to
fe e l hers el f d et e rm in e d to a b an d o n m e n t . Th erefore M. s u ffE!red
p e rm an e n tly fr om a l i fe - d an g e r o u s situ ation , w h i c h i s for
m i l l i o n s of p e o p l e in ou r s o c i e ty u su a l e n o u gh up t o a l e v e l
t h a t t h e y e v e n a r e u n a b l e to u n derstand t h e i r s i t uation i n
a d e qu a cy t o re a l i ty ( r e a l i tatsad a q u at ) , a n d therefore t h o s Ei
p e o p l e a l s o are u n a b l e to start a s u i t a b l e b e h av i o u r agai n s t
t h i s s i tu at i on . T h e r e w a s a n o t h e r p a t i e n t w.h o o n c e h a p p e n e d
to s ay t h a t only s p e c i al c ircumstances h a d m a d e i t p o s s i b l e for
h e r t o s u r v i v e in a s i tu ation comparable to th at m e n t i o n e d
h e re . B u t " p i e c e s o f l u c k " ( " G l il c k sfiil l e " ) l i k e th a t a r e pro d u c e d
b y the c ap i t a l i s t b u r e a u c racy as reluctantly as rare l y . With M .
i t w a s d i fferen t , th at m e a n s c o n t a i n i n g m o r e truth : the j u ngl e
of bureaucracy mad e h e r p a n i c k y b e c au s e of a n x i ety .

But that d o e s n ' t c o u n t ! There w a s run n i n g t h e c o u n t - d o wn

triggered by t h e State an d by t h e r e c tors h i p for t h e last m e a l .

In spite of t h e c a p i t u l ation for c e d on h e r by th e materi al

c o n d i t i o n s M. n ev erth e l e s s had got an trans i tory occasion to
 1 40

b re a t h e aga i n b e c a u s e of t h e w o r k i n g c o n d i ti o n s i n t h e SPK
realize d a c t u a l l y a n d n o w h e r e e l s e . S h e a l w ays h a s k n o w n a n d
s a i d , th at s i n c e s h e h a d j o i n e d t h e S P K i t w a s fo r t h e fi rst
t i m e i n h e r l i fe that she h ad g o t t h e fe e l i n g to b e trul y a l i v e
a n d t h a t s h e h a d b e c o m e h er s e l f by t h e c on n e c t i o n w i th oth er
p ati e n t s l i k e h e r , i n spite o f all other d i ffi c u l t i e s w h i c h s h e
h a d s u ffe r e d from o u ts i d e t h e S P K . O n l y a fe w d a y s be fo r e h e r
b e i n g murd e r e d M . d e c l a r e d i n a c o m m o n d i s c u s s i o n , t h a t s h e
w a s u n r e s e rv e d l y o n th e s i d e o f t h e S P K , b e c a u s e t h e SPK h a d
r e p re s e n t e d for h e r t h e o n l y p o s s i b i l i t y t o f i n d a w a y o f
re a l i z a t i o n a n d t o d e v e l o p h e r a c t i v i ti e s . B y a r e p o r t o f h er
m o t h e r ( d o n e a ft e r th e d e ath o f M . ) we e x p e r i e n c e d , t h a t M . i n
h er l e tters from t h e S PK to h e r m o t h e r a g a i n an d again h a d
e x p r e s s e d th a t t h e time s h e s p e n t i n t h e S P K w a s t h e
" h a p p i e s t. " ( " gl ii ck l i ch ste " ) tim e i n h e r l i fe . To d o y e t m o r e
p ro c e e d i n g s fo r t h e s t a b i l i z a t i o n of h e r p o l i t i c al i d e n tity - for
·
on l y t h i s k i n d o f i d e n t i ty can b e a c h i e v e d i n th e c a p it a l i s t
System w h i c h i s a s c h i z o p h r e n i c s y s t e m i t s e l f - a p o l i ti c a l
i d en t i ty ( p o l i t i s c h e Id e n t i t a t ) w h i c h s h e h a d s o u g h t i n v a i n i n
a c om m u n i st y o u th o r g a n i z a ti o n b e fo r e e n t e r i n g SPK , t h i s
fart h e r d e v e l op m e n t o f h e r p o l i t i c al i d e n ti t y c o u l d o n l y ge t
s to p p e d b y th e u tmost p r e s s u r e from o u ts i d e ( h u n g e r b l o c k a d e
- H u n ge rb l o c k a d e - ) . S h e fe l t n o t o n l y b e fo re h a n d b u r d e n e d b y
t h e l ab e l " s c h i z o p h r e n i c " , b u t a l s o s h e h a d s u ffer e d m a n y y e a r s
from t h e r e p r o a c h e s o f o t h e r p e o p l e a n d e v en of t h e
f a m i 1 y ' s p h y s i c i a n s ( H a u s a r z t e n ) w h o d i d all th e y c o u l d
t o m a k e h e r b e l i e v e t h a t i n fu t u r e s h e w o u l d c a u s e b y h e r
i l l n e s s t h e e n d o f h e r fam i l y by " r u i n i n g i t " ( d al3 s i e d u rc h
i h re K r a n k h e i t " ihre Famil i e r u i n i e r e ) . T h u s s h e tran s ferred
"

her o w n fe e l i n g s o f b e i n g g u i l t y , ac q u i r e d by i n c u l c a t e d c o n ­
d i t i o n i n g , t o h e r em p l oyers e x p e c t i n g c o n s e q u e n tl y to g e t
p u n i s h e d by t h e m b e c a u s e of h e r i l l n e s s , i n s p i t e o f h a v i n g
r e a l i z e d by h er c o n s c i o u s n e s s q u i t e e x a c t l y t h a t t h e m i s e r abl e
c o n d i t i o n s at t h e common l a b o u r m a r k e t w ere c a u s e d by th e
m e c h a n i s m s of t h e c a p i ta l i s t Sy stem . Sh e a l s o w a s a fr a i d o f
d i s a d v a n t a g e s w h i ch c o u l d ari s e fr om her now b e l o n gi n g to t h e
S PK . F r o m t h e fac t t h a t t h e c u l t. u s - mi n i ste r h a d proh i b i t e d t o
t h e SPK t o b e c o m e a l e g i t i m i z e d u n i v e r s i t y ' s i n s t i t u t i o n , a
p ro h i bHi o n w h i c h h a d b e e n c a u s e d d e c i s i v e l y by th e F a c u l ty o f
M e d i c i n e and by t h e r e c t. or s h i p , t h e re re s u l t e d by c o n s e q u e n c e
fo r e a c h S P K m e m b e r t h e t o t a l l a c k of a n y p r o t e c t i o n a g a i n s t
t h e v i o l ent i s s u e s o f t h e S t a t e ( S c h u tzl o s i g k e i t g e g e n s t a a t s ­
g e w a l t s a m e M a13 n a h m e n ) a n d th e t o t a l l y b e i n g e x p o s e d to t h e
s o c i a l p r o s c r i p t i o n c o m b i n e d to th o s e i s s u e s . M . h a d n ot o n l y t o
fe a r t o fai l i f she l o o k e d o u t fo r a p l a c e o f w o rk , but s h e w a s
al s o c on fr o n t e d with a m e rc i l e s s a l t e r n a t i v e : e i t h e r to a s k
D r . Kretz ( ! ! ) for th e sic k n e s s b e n e fi t w h i c h w a s o w e d to h e r
( a n d i n d e e d th e p h y s i c i a n s a n d th e s t a ff- p h y s i c i a n s o f t h e
 141

m e d i c a l po l i c :l i n i c h a d pro p o s e d h e r to d o s o ) regar d l e s s of th e
ri s k of a c h e c k - u p i n o r d e r to tran s p o r t h e r by fo r c e to a
m e n t a l h o s p i t a l ( Z w a n gs e i n w e l s u n g ) , t h i s m e c h an i sm to sep arate
h e r an d others from the SPK , a m e c h a n i sm being e s t a b l i s h E) d
l o n g ago , or to r e m a i n in the S P K w h i c h h a d b e c om e h e r
s u rv i v a l - grou n d , h o p e l e s s d e l i v e r e d to the c o m m o n m i s e ry
grow i n g from d ay to d ay . T h e n o n s e n s e of t h e i s s u e s all aro u n d
t h e s i c k n e s s b e n e fi t w h i ch w as o w e d to h e r , c o u l d n ot hing b u t
s h o c k h e r to a n e x t e n d , t h a t e v e n a l l promis e s a n d argum e nt s
b y th e S P K as a w h o l e to i n h i b i t by a l l m e a n s , b a s e d on a c ti v e
s o l i d a ri ty , a n y compul sory h o spital i zati o n of h e r in a men tal
h o spital o r t o m a k e i t u n d o c ou l dn ' t h e l p an y t h i n g , the same
a s al l h i n ts o f c o n t ra - in d i c a t i o n well a s s u r e d even u n d e r all
c o n d i t i on s of a p sy c h i at r i c a n d n euro l o g i c v i e w . C ommon ly
s p o k e n i t is simply a m atter o f fac t t h a t al l w i n d i n g d a n c e s
( S c h n e c k e n Hinze ) , p e rfo rm e d by t h e p s y c h i atr y s i n c e i t s
e x i s t i n g , p erform e d on the b ac k and w i th t. h E! mon e y of t h e
e x p l o i t e d p e o p l e , togeth e r with a l l t w a d d l e from p s y c h o a n a l y s ts ,
e x i s te n c e - a n a l y s t s ( D a s e i n s an aly t i k e r ) u p t o t h e h e r e d i tary ­
b i o l ogists ( Erbb i o l o ge n ) - a l l t w a d d l e as a w h o l e ( = " s c i e n c e "
= " W l s s e n s c h a ft " ) h as n e v e r s u c c e e d e d i n l o w e r i n g t h e rate o f
s u i c i d e s ev e n i n t h e h o sp i t a l s , m u c h l e s s to ab o l i s h i t . R a t h e r
t h e r e i s ap p e a r i n g j u st n o w s o m e " m o d e rn i sti c " ( " p r o g r e s s i v " )
branch in p sy c h i atry w h i c h seem s to be v e ry p r o u d of h e r
rea l i z at i o n that there c o u l d be h e l p for " s u i c i d e c a n d i d a t E! S "
( " S e l b s tmordk a n d i d aten " ) o n l y i n t h a t to g e t k i l l e d i n s p e ci al
h o s p i t a l s by means o f t h e best p o s s i b l e m e d i c al art , th u s
gett i n g k i l l e d i n t h o s e h o s p i t a l s , w h i c h h a v e b e e n b u i l t b y
m e an s of t h e s am e e x p l o itation w h i c h c asts a t th e e n d j u st t h e
s ame p e o p l e d e stroy e d by t h e s am e e x p l o i tati o n i n t o d e ath ( s e e
F R - Frankfurter R u n d s c h au - 2 F e b ru a ry 1 9 7 1 , " w e s h o u l d b e
fo rc e d to p r o v i d e h angmen " - " W i r waren g e z w u n g e n , H e n le e r
au szuerseh e n " ) . T h e c h a n g e f o r t h e b e t te r , namely h o w to
a b o l i s h all p s y c h i atry n o w , i s a m ore - t h an - a - o n e - y e a r ­
e x p e r i e n c e d o n e b y the S P K . F o r o u r w o r k th e murder e x e c u t e d
to M . c an m e an n ot h i n g but t h a t w e h av e to stru ggle yet m o r e
d e c i s iv e ly . and e ffe c t i v e l y a g a i n s t t h e d estructi v e m ac h ir n�r y
and e s p e c i a l l y a g a i n s t i t s b u r e a u c r a t i c fun c t i o n ar i e s ( F ac u l t y·
of M e d i c i n e , r e c t o r s h i p , c u l t.u s - mi n i s t ry ) . B e c a u s e the question
o f l i fe a n d d e ath e x i sts just h e r e an d n o w w e can ' t and w e a r e
n o t a l l o w e d to w ai t u n t i l p e r h a p s i n a far fu t u r e t h e pr i v at e
o wn e r s h i p ( p ri v at e p r o p erty ) of t h e m e a n s of p r o d u c t i o n w i l l
h av e p u t an e n d by i tse l f .

B e l o n g i n g to th e S P K M . also h a d to d e fe n d h erself agai n s t t h e

attack s a g ain s t w h i c h t h e S P K h a d to struggl e fro m ! t s b e ­
gi n n i n g : l a c k of m e a n s - e v e n t h e s o - c a l l e d d o n ati o n s accou n t
 142

(Spend enkonto) of the SPK i s k ept back by the university ; the

chief of th e university ' s psychi atri c hospital , v . Baeyer, and
the rectorship of the univ ersity have contrived a boycott
against each patient of the SPK from which follows th at they
are rej e cted by all pharmacists in Heidelberg to whom they
present a prescri pti on in spite of being members of the c ommon
h e alth insuran c e s , what means that they have paid in advan ce
for the pills which t h e y c an ' t get n o w ; for 450 patients (from
d ay to day 1 - 3 newcomers ) there are only five rooms; per­
m an e ntly being men aced by the evicti o n sentence caused by
the rectorship and therefore un certainty h ow long it can be
guaranteed to continue the w ork i n the SPK ; the admin istration
council o f the univ ersity has brok en the promise to provi d e the
houses in which the patients are in charge of all means n e ­
cessary to continue their work . T h i s conditions as a w h o l e r e ­
present a perman ent hu nger b l o c k a d e agai nst the SPK regard ­
less of thei r being beyond it a truly mirror of the mass murder
system specifi c for c apital i sm . But this suicide danger has been
j u d ged by Professor Hlifner, policlinic boss Kretz and by the
forensic psychiatrist Professor Leferenz in the session of the
university ' s Senate on 2 4 November 1 9 70 concerning th e SPK as
being a "risk to b e negl e c te d " ( " ilberschaubares Selbstmord ­
risik o " ) . They present perman ently th e proof, those Rend torff,
administration council ( Verwaltungsrat ) , university ' s Senate
etc . , that th ose w h o because o f her position in the social
process of production are all owed to take deci s i o n s , do nothin g
but repro d u c e the contradictions of capi talism , their doing
being caused by their own will to put aside the historic
context deliberately and that means that they are guilty and
responsible at any rat e . The uni versity ' s re - actor of Heidelberg
(Reaktor - instead of rector = a play on word s , connected to
the nuclear dan ger) - instead of presenting i n a scientifi c
manner the project t o the members o f th e Senate i n order to
render possible for the SPK to contin u e its scientific work
within the scope o f the univ ersity - doesn ' t but react cow ardly
as usual amongst officials and c ompanions ( Genos sen ) to th e
commands from above ( d e cree of the cultus -minister) . He leaved
it to the n otorious Hlifner, who even isn ' t joined to the Sen ate
but a bad - famed specialist for social euthanasia (suicide =
profit) , h e leaved to this professor th e pl atform w here H lifner
therefore got little trouble to proclaim his 4 5 - mill i o n s - proj e c t ,
meantime instigatin g against t h e SPK to be liquidated . At that
time it were the lives of 250 patients which were at stak e .
C a n it really be a question now to ask , if th e risk , w h a t risk
ever could b e meant, has become a m ore dangerous on e since
those responsible h av e fin ished to unmask themselves and
 143

since n o w the number o f the SPK m embers was increasing to

the fi rst half a th o u s and?

The aboliti on of c onditions like those is possibl e . Others who

preceded us , h ave already demonstrated i t . The self- organl.za­
ti on of p atients on its social ground c orresponds to the
radical - criti cal consequence to which w e dire c t regarding the
e x ample which there l s sin c e the times of Ernesto Che Guevara
( asthmatic himself, but using his medical skillness against the
capitalist jungle - Asthm atiker und Trager lirztlicher
Funktlonen lm k apitallstlschen Dschungel - ) .

As a hin dran c e 1llness is a we apon of capitalism. But it ls'

c ompletely up to the exploited one to c ommit this weapon an d
all the others to the scrap h eap of history . Only for c apltallsm
and its advocates illness is a hell of a murderous ple asure
( M ordsvergnilgen } .

ATTACK THOSE CRIMINALS

A N D YOU WILL PROTECT YOURSELF NOT O NLY A GAINST
KIDNEY - STONES BUT ALSO A G AINST POLITICAL MURDER !

SOCIALIST PATIENTS ' C OLLECTIVE Heidelberg, den

at the university of Heide lberg 3 0 . 04 . 1 9 7 1
Rohrb ach erstr. 1 2

38.) ABOUT THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PATIENTS'

SELF- ORGANIZATION AND DEMOCRATIC CENTRALISM

1. S u b j e c t i v e n e c e s s i t i e s
( s u bj e k t l v e N o t w e n d i g k e i t e n )

Regarding the h istory just now we are in the transition stage

between n a zi - kz a n d c amp o f force d labour styled by th e Great
Coalition. The aggrav ation of the contradictions in n e o ­
c apltalism (Splitkapitallsm u s } - e conomically manifested b y the
crises of economy which are becoming more and more accumu ­
l ated and on the level of consciousness manifested by the no ­
future - p roblem both in the view of e xis tenc e and of socl al life
- are causing on the s i d e of the rulers a lot of p r e v e n tiv e
issues in order to overcome those c ri s e s , which are on the one
h an d very intensive and efficien t , b u t on t h e other h a n d
 ] 44

n e arl y g e t n o c h a n c e e v e n t o b e r e a l i z e d by t h e p u bl i c
c o n s c i o u s n e s s . I s s u e s l i k e th a t ar e fo r e x am p l e t h e d rug ­
p r o h i b i t i o n - l aw a g ai n s t th e d r o p - o u t s ( A u s g e fl i ppte ) , i s s u e s t o
c o l l e c t i n a c e n tr al i s t i c m a n n e r t h e d a t a o f th e s o - c a l l e d
m e n t a l l y d i s t u r b e d p e o p l e { G eisteskran k e r ) , camps of forced
l a b o u r fo r p o l i t i c a l l y o u t d r o p p e d p e o p l e a n d fi n al l y l i fe - l o n g
.

p ri s o n by rate a g a i n s t s u c h p e o p l e , t h e r e s i s t a n c e of w h om
d o e s n ' t g e t its satisfacti on , i f th e y d o n o th i n g b u t to s i t
aro u n d in d i s c u s s i o n circl e s . U n d e r p r e re q u i s i t e s l i k e t h o s e
t h e re c an ' t b e s a i d t h a t t h e e x i s t i n g o rga n i z a t i o n s for s i c k ­
,

c a r e { = e x p l o i t at i o n of i l l n e s s ) d on ' t w o rk . Regard i n g t h e i s s u e s
n am e d a b o v e , thi s k i n d of s i c k c a re q u i t e o n t h e c o n t r a r y g o e s
-

o n w o rk i n g b e s t . T h e fu n c ti on ari e s o f t h e h e al th s y s t e m , w h i c h
i s a h i e r a rch i c a l l y o r g a n i z e d as s o c i a t i o n , ass o c i at e d t h e r e b y
w i t h h eal t h i n s u r an c e s u n i t s of m e d i ci n s , a s s e m b l i e s o f
,

a s s i s t.e n t - d oc tors ( A s s i s t e n t e n k o n fe r e n z e n ) a n d l a s t n o t l e a s t
t h e c u l t u s bu re a u cr a ey { K u l t u sbil rok rat i e ) as a w h o l e o n e a n d
-

th e s a m e c o m p e t i t i v e p l o t. ( I d e a l k o n k u r r e n z - = a s e c ti o n - mark
in th e p e n a l c o d e ) , b e c a u s e t h e c u l t u s - b u re a u c r a cy
admin i s trates an d e x e c u t e s s c i e n c e fo l l o w i n g the w a n t s o f
c a p i t a l i sm fi rs t l y a r e t o b e c o n c e i v e d n o t a s i f th e y w e r e
a s s o c i a t i o n s b u t as b e i n g a s s o c i ated aro u n d a v i rt u a l c e n t r e ,
form e d by th e c o n tra d i c t i o n b e t w e en w h a t i s t h e i r s u bj e cti v e
c o n v i c t i o n q u i t e on t h e c o n trary t o t h e i r o bj e c t i v e d o i n g .
B e c a u s e of b e i n g o n l y m e d i a t l y re l at e d to t h i s a n t ag o n i s m t h e
m e d i c al p l o t as a w h ol e the refore i s fav o u red by h i s d i s t a n c e
t o t r e a t t h e n am e d c o n t r a d i c t i o n b y p erform i n g a l a rge - s c a l e
t w a d d l e i n a way as i f th i s c o n trad i c t i o n e v e n d i d n ' t e x i s t ,
t w a d d l i n g a b o u t fre e d o m o f s c i e n c e a n d abou t i s s u e s " fo r th e
w elfare of t h e s i c k p e o p l e " o s t e n s i b l y n e ce s s ary . F o r
t h e m s e l v e s th e t w a d d l e s e r v e s i n fro n t o f t h e p u bl i c t o m a s k
th e n am e d an t a g o n i s m , w h i l e t h i s t w a d d l e for t h o s e w h o n e e d
h e l p , s erves for n o th i n g b u t t o t i e t h e i r c o n s c i o u s n e s s c l o s e r
a n d c l o s e r to t h e m e d i c al p l o t a n d t o i t s fa l s e p r o m i s e s from
a b o v e For the s i c k p e o p l e i n any case are s u ffe r i n g d i re c t l y
.

an d i m m e d i a t e l y fr om th i s an t a g on i s m i n a r e a l and p ra c t i c a l
v i e w w h i c h t h e really s h o c k e d p e o p l e q u i t e o n th e c on t r ar y to
t h e m e d i c a l fu n c ti o n ar i e s never c a n p u t a s i d e , even n o t by
p e rm a n e n t r e p e t i t i o n and the l e a r n i n g by h e art o f t w a d d l e
s e n t e n c e s . To t h e m e d i c al p l o t the s u bj e c ti v e c o n v i c ti o n s , i f
s e p a r a t e d from th e r e a l l y e x i s t i n g c on d i t i on s are w i t h o u t a n y
c o n s e q u e n c e e x c e p t o f t h e i r b e i n g y e t more e x p o s e d to t h e
m e ch an i s m s o f e x p l o i t a t i o n a n d d e s t r u c t i o n u n d e r th e p r e t e x t.
t o b e u sefu l a g a i n s t. i l l n e s s . T h o s e of t h e m e d i c a l p l o t , b e i n g
c o rr u p t e d b y t h e p r i v il e g e s o r b e i t o n l y b y t h e c h a n c e t o g e t
s om e , t h e r e fore a l ways are r e a d y to d i stri b u t e t h e i r s t u p i d i t i e s
i n m a s s s c a l e a n d a g a i n s t the m a ss e s . All of t h e m refe r t o t h e
s o - c al l e d w e l fare of th e s i e k , b u t o b j e c t i v e I y t h e y w o rk
 145

in fav our of the capi talism and therefore obj ectively

a g a i n s t t h e sick population and fin ally they also are
working against themselves , you can ' t but notice i t , but they
c an ' t but deny i t .

Regarding t h o s e c i rcumstances nobody but the s t r u c k ones

themselves can develop suitable comprehensions about a matter
like that and they themselves h av e to feel obliged to start
those activiti e s from which there m ay be followed a change of
th e general public opinion (. . . selbst sich d as erford erliche
Wissen aneignen und propagand i stisch eine aktive Gege n ­
offentll chkeit h e rstellen ) .

I l l n e s s i s t h e t r u e m i r r o r o f t h e b a s Jl c
a n t a g o n i s m ( collective production - u surpation by singl e
persons - - die K r a n k h e i t i s t r e a 1 i t a t s -
a d a q u a t e W i d e r s p i e g e l u n g d e s G r u n d -
w i d e r s p r u c h s ) : on the one h a n d collective production of
ill n e s s , on the other hand admin i s tration and expl oitation
( Verwertu n g ) of ill people who are taken and who take them ­
selves as if they were nothing but singl e , lonely and atomized
person s .

2. O bj e c t i v e o b s t a c 1 e s
(that means w h at is the reason for the ill people to
c are about their needs firstly themselves ) :

In the capitalist process of evaluation ( CPE ) (im k apitali -·

stischen Verwertungsprozess - KVP - ) the production process
and the illness are conditi oning each oth er in a d i alectical
manner that ls i 1 l n e s s 1 s a t t h e s a m e t l m e
p r e r e q u i s i t e a n d r e s u l t o f t h e C P E ( KV P ) .
The CPE ( K V P ) takes the being a cripple of the w orkers to its
prerequisite ; to maintain the c apitalist exploitation ( CPE , KVP)
means to repro d u c e the social cri pples in order to prepar1�
work ers . To c o n s u m e the labour force by the production
process means t h e refore to p r o d u c e illness . For all work
h appens " under circumstances i n which n e v e r the health of
the w o r k e r s i s important , b u t only the w ay how to
facil itate the producing of p r o d u c t s " ( Marx , Capital III,
c h apt . 5 ) . All issues to veil this fac t on the part of the rul ing
class are s erving for nothing but "to prov e that to kill i s no
murder, i f it is done in favour of the profi t " ( M arx , ibid . ) . The
 1 46

c r i s e s m a n a g e rn e n t in th e I1 o w ad ays n e o - c a p i t a l i s m
( S p a t k a p i t al i s m u s ) h a s in .il l n e s s its c e n tral p o i n t of rotat i o n .
Th i s results from t h e fo l l o w i n g c o n n e c ti o n s : s o - c a l l e d s o c i al
t a x e s on t h e l e v e l of 3 5 % of t h e tak e - h om e - pay are tran s ­
fe rred t o t h e Stat e ' s tre a s u ry . T h i s m o n e y perman e n t l y b e l o n g s
t o t h e d i s p o s a l of t h e organ i z e d capital as a w h ol e , n am e d
State , i n o r d er to regul ate t h e e c o n o m i c b u s i n e s s c y c l e s b y
i s s u e s o f p r e v e n t i o n i f there i s forth comi n g s o m e e c o n o m i c
c r i si s . By t h a t th o s e w h o h a ve w o r k e d for it. h a v e n o d i s p o s a l
a b o u t t h i s m o n e y . Only a q u i t e s m a l l p a r t fl o w s back t o t h e
h e a l t h m a c h i n ery a n d i s appl i e d i n ord e r to re p a i r t h e d e ­
stroyed l ab o u r fo rc e s . S e c o n d l y th e fu n c tion t o stabilize t h e
b u s i n e s s cycl e s i s to b e s e e n i n t h e m a i n t a i n a n c e of th e
abi l i ty to c o n s u m e of th e d e s troyed w ork machin es ( d e fe k te r
A r b e i t s m a s c h i n e n = th e i l l p e o p l e ) a n d o f the w o rk m a c h i n e s
b e i n g n o t i n u s e ( = u n employed p e o pl e ) and a l s o i n t h e m ai n ­
tai n a n c e o f th e ability t o c o n s u m e o f w o rk i n g m a c h i n e s n o w
fo r e v e r u s e l e s s c a u s e d by t h e i r l i fe - l o n g i s s u e s of b e i n g w o rn
a n d torn ( = a n n u i tants ) . I l l n e s s i n ord e r to serve capi tal i sm
e s p e ci al l y i s u s e d and e x p l o i te d by m e a n s o f a l t e r i n g
t h e s t r u c t u r e o f u n e m p l o y m e n t ( U m s t r u k -
t u r i e r u n g v o n A r b e i t s l o s i g k e i t ) : i n stead of m a s s
d i s mi s s al s o n l y d i s m i s s a l s b y d r o p p i n g o u t ( b e c a u s e of i l l n e s s )
th u s it o n l y s e e m s that there d o e s n ' t e x i s t any c o n n e c t i o n b e ­
t w e e n e x p l o i tati o n a n d t h e d r o p p i n g o u t of work ers . T h o s e d i s ­
m i s s a l s th e n are regulated adm i n i s trati v e l y for e x am p l e i n t h e
way o f m e d i c al c e rt i fi c a t e s ( Kran k s c h re i b u n gen ) or i n t h e way
of b e i n g s u d d e n l y carri e d from the p l a c e o f w o r k o r from at
h om e into c h arge if t o the comman d ers of the h e al t h app aratus
is g i v e n some o c c a s i o n to do s o .

F o r t h e s h o c k e d person i l l n e s s s e e m s to repre s e n t n ot h i n g b u t
a fat e fu l e v e n t commonly c a u s e d by o w n fai lure an d gu i l t .
Q u i t e o n t h e c o n trary to t h e u n employed i t i s n o t easy fo r a
s i c k p e r s o n to realize that there e x i st s a c a u s al c o n n e c t i o n
b e t w e e n th e m i s e ry w h i c h has s h o c k e d the person a s a s e e m i n g
i n d i v i d u al a n d t h e p r o c e s s o f e x p l o i tation i n c apitalism (CPE ,
KVP ) . T h i s c o n n e ction b e i n g m a s k e d I n s u bj e ctive an d o bj e c t i v e
v i e w i s a l s o fav o u r i n g t h o s e t e n d e n c i e s i n l efty gro u p s w h i ch
pro d u c e n o t h i n g b u t abstract c o n c e p t i o n s w h i c h are w i t h o u t
any u s e at all . T h e w o r k i n g c l a s s s u ffe rs from a l o t o f com ­
plai n ts ( m a s s m i s ery = M a s s e n v erel e n d u ng ) . But there i s a l s o
t h e obj e c t i v e " w e a l th " , w h i c h they are n o t w i l l i n g at any w ay
to c o m b i n e to t h e c o n s c i o u s n e s s of respon s i b i l i t y , n o t to
m e n t i o n the a l m o s t total l ac k o f i n sight regard i ng t h e i r b e i n g
c om b i n e d w i th t h e i r relati v e " w e a l th " to t h e accumulation of
s u ffe ri n g o n t h e p art o f t h e people i n t h e Th i rd Worl d and o n
 1 47

the part of the suffering of the i l l people h ere ( impe r i a l i s m

i n s i d e - Imperi a l i s m u s n a c h i n n e n - ) . Th e c e n tral i ze d d e m o ­
crati c l e fti e s , l a c k i n g t o see that t h e r e e x i sts a c o n gru e n c e
between t h e i r o w n w ants a n d t h e n e e d s o f t h e i n d u strial
w ork i n g c l a s s , prefer v e ry strongly to appeal to any abst.r:act.
proletari a n , instead of b e i n g prep are d to go i n t o the con crete
living c o n d i t i o n s of everybody w h i c h of course contain mis ery ,
be it both materi al or mental .

3. S i c k p e o p l e b e i n g w i t h o u t t h e i r r i g h t. s
( Z u r R e c h t l o s i g k e i t d e r K r a n k e n )

Regardl e s s of t h e s o c i a l contributions d e t a c h e d from him by

force an i l l person h a s got n o r i g h t on treatm e n t of the
illn e s s . Quite on the c o n trary the right fo r treatment i s on the
si d e of the estab l i s h e d h e alth system . This machine both i s
c o n s t r u c t e d and works b y fol l o w i n g t h e pri n c i p l e s of a u g ­
menting profi ts ( folgt dem Prin zip d e r Profitmaximierung) a n d
from that t h e r e also result those criteri a by w h i c h a treatm e n t.
in a n y c a s e i s d eterm i n e d from the b e gi n n i n g a b o u t t h e
w h e t h e r ( O b ) and about t h e h o w ( Wi e ) . The i l l person within
th i s c o n t e x t e i ther i s or w i l l b e s e p arated from h i s consti ­
tutional ri ghts a n d from the human r i g ht s , w h ether by t h e
treatmen t i t.s e l f or b y some other m a ni p u l ati on . Thereby th e
h e alth m a c h in e ry i n s erted by l aw u s e s t h e " ad m i n istration of
j u s t.i c e " ( " Rech tspfl e ge " ) a n d this " ad m i n istration o f j usticie "
i t s e lf i n t h e s am e w ay instituted by l a w m a k e s u s e o f the
h e a l th system . The modern l e g i s l at i o n for p e n a l l e gi s l ation
( Strafges etzg e bu n g ) being just w orked o u t prov i d e s that all i l l
p e o p l e as s o o n as p o s s i b l e s h a l l b e c e n tral l y registered , i l l
people w h o i n a n y c a s e a r e prisoners ( b e c a u s e of b e i n g i n ­
hibited ) , t h e i r prison b e i n g a l i fe - l on g one w h i ch t h e y c arry
around i n t h e i r personality w h e re v e r they are going or
standin g , n o w b y t h i s legisl ation w i l l get b e s t c h a n c e s to
b ec om e l i fe - l o n g m embers i n a g h e tto o f a n t i s o c i a lity . For
e x ample the l e gi s l ation for th e u n i v ersities of th e fe deral state
o f Baden - Wiirttemberg e x c l u d e s all persons from the going on
with their studies i f any other people take them for being i l l .
Here t h e w or d i n g : " T h e m atri c u l ate c a n b e refu s e d , i f the
c a n d i d ate s u ffers from an i l l n e s s by which he c o u l d b e c ome a
s e r i o u s d anger for t h e h e a 1 t h of other stu d e n t s or by
w h i c h h e c o u l d b e c ome a seri o u s m e n a c e for a p r o p e r
m a n a g e m e n t o f s t u d i e s ( o r d n u n g s g e m �i j3 e n
 148

S t u d i e n b e- t r i e b ) or i f th e h e a l th c on di t i o n o f the
c a n d i d a t e could i n h i bi t h i m to fo l l ow h i s w a y o f s t u d i e s
i n a p r o p e r w a y ( o r d n u n g s g e m A P e s
S t u d i u m ) ; in o r d e r to c h e c k t h e h e a l t h c o n d i t i o n there
c a n b e insisted o n a c e r t i ficate done by a m e d i c al offi c i al "
( u n i v e r s i ty ' s l aw HSc h G § 43 , 2 ) . I f t h ere are c a u s e s l i k e that
t h e c a n d i d at e a l s o c a n b e taken o ff t h e u n i v e r s i t y regi s t e r .

Th e d ep ri v i n g o f t h e i r r i g h t s agai n s t th e patients i s b a s e d on
t h e i r b e i n g l o n e l y p e r s o n s ( Ve r e i n z e l u n g ) . Th e o n l y way o u t of
t h e i r b e i n g l o n e l y o bj e cts c an ' t be anyth i n g e l s e b u t to form
s e l f- o rg a n i z a t i on s ( organ i s atori s c h e r Z u s ammen s c h l u p ) . But
w i t h i n t h e ru l i n g System t h i s way i s n o t prov i d e d . Just from
t h a t foll o w s , th a t a s e l f - o rganization o f pat i e n ts al s o h a s t h e
task t o s e t its own right i t s e l f ( d i e Pati e n t e n s e l bstorga n i s ation
h at s o mi t. r e c h t s s etze n d e F u n k tion ) a n d should th e n e e d ari s e
( a l l e n fa l l s ) t h e y c a n o n l y refer to th e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l ri ghts . For
those c o n s ti t u ti o n al ri g h t s th em sel v e s , b e i n g restricted by
s p e c i al l a w s , w h i ch - a s th e r e i s s a i d - " re g u l ate what there
i s c o n n e c t e d w i t h " ( " d as N A h ere r e g e l n " ) . By th i s clause i t is
m a d e a l m o s t i m p o s s i b l e fo r a n y b o d y t o m a k e u s e i n a progres ­
s i v e way of t h o s e c o n s ti t u t i on al r i gh t s a n d therefo r e t h e p u b l i c
v i o l e n c e ( a u t h ori ty of t h e State , Staats g e w a l t ) s o o n w i l l regard
i t s e l f b e i n g forc e d to deny ( abzuspre c h e n ) that p ati e n t s w h o
w ork by s e l f - organ izing t h e m s e l v e s c o u l d b e w i th i n t h e frame
o f those c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i gh t s , th a t means that t h e fo rces o f
th e S t a t e s o o n w i l l a t t e m p t t o break a pati e n ts ' s e l f- organi ­
zati o n t h e more b e c a u s e t h e y n e v e r c a n b e q u i t e s u r e , w h e t h e r
t h e y t r u l y h a v e s u c c e e d e d i n p r o t e c t i n g t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n a l and
the human rights again s t t h o s e p e op l e w h o are i n t h e i r eyes
n e i t h e r h u m a n b e i n g s n o r joined to any c o n s t i t u t i o n from a l l
th e b e gi n n i n g . From t h a t fol l o w s f o r t h o s e w h o are e x p l o ite d
a n d d e pri v e d of righ t s , t h a t t h e y rad i c a l l y ha v e to ov ercome
any m a t e ri al prerequisite on which the v i o l e n c e o f St a t e is
based ( r a d i k a l e Veran d e r u n g der m a t e ri e l l e n Gru n d l agen d i e s e r
Staats g e w a lt . . . ) .
 149

4. A b o u t t h e p o l i t i c a l c o n t e n t s o f t h e
s e l f - o r g a n i z a t i o n

The principles of patients ' self- organizatio n which are the m ost
important basic prerequ isites are to b e d e termined as follows:
because of being d e p r i v e d o f r i g h t s only t h e
patients, regarding to this m ark and stigma are th e exploited
class downright ( durch das M e r k m a l d e r R e c h t -
l o s i g k e i t s i n d die Patienten die ausgebeutete Klasse
schlechthi n ) . As i t is the s ame eve rywhere there e xists th e
permission to make use of the " freely democratic " order of'
rights ( " freiheitlich - d emokrati s c h e " Rechtsordnung) only for
those who belong to the commanders within th e capitalist
System ( . . . nur d em Kapitalstarken . . . ) . But who belongs to th e
ill people d o e s n ' t e v e n p o s s e s s any righ t . To this
m ark of being member of the exploited cl ass there belong in
the Federal Repu b l i c of Germany be it o n ly in the view o1'
psychiatrists ten millions of ill people because of a manif,e sted
mental d i sturban c e . But the number of those who are struck by
illness i n d e e d is reaching a yet much more higher scale , if
there i s _ the question of the number in total . Regarding the
relative power of i 1 1, n e s s a s a p r o d u c t i v e f o r c e
( force of producti o n ) there ex ists the fact, that c omparin�: th e
amount of money in the sickness funds and social fun d s to the
amount of money in the national budget there exists a corre s ­
p o n d e n c e , measured b y the average stand ards o f t h e usual
several years p e ri o d s .

From the b e i n g connected w i th the production there fol lows

also an important second pri n ciple for the patients ' self­
organ izatio n : the c apitalist economic system produces out of
illness - as w e mention e d above - by means of tak i n g social
contributions an u n l i m 1 t e d p o s s 1 b i I i t y t o b u f f e r
THE ECONOMIC CRISES AS THEY BELONG NECESSARILY TO THE
CAPITALIST ECONOMIC SYSTEM ( . . . in Form der Sozialabgatien
die u n b e s c h r a n k t e P u f f e r k a p a z i t a t FUR DIE IHM
IMMANENTEN WIRTSCHAFTSKRISEN ) . That means that only re ­
ferrin g to the specific criterion illness ( unter d er Wesens ­
bestimmung Krankheit) and only by this criterion the pro l e -
tariat represents a revolutionary category ( K ategori e ) both
subjectively and objectively i n the hi ghly d eveloped l ate -­
capitalist Systems, and n obody else but K . Marx i n the
Communist M an ifest has taken down thi s basic definition about
w hat i s the proletari an c l as s . S u b j e c t i v e 1 y because
based on the p o s s i b i l i t y to conceive illness and to use
i t as protest, o b j e c t i v e l y because only by exploitation
of human l abour force there exists a w ay t o e arn surplus
 1 50

v a l u e . T h e b e i n g re d u c e d to m i s e ry of t h e m a s s e s an d th e b e ­
coming more a n d more seri o u s ( I n t en s i v i e r u n g ) o f i l l n e s s foll ow
from that. T h e b e i n g reduced to m i s e ry o f the m a s s e s a n d t h e
aggrav ati on of i l l n e s s ( ln t e n s i v i eru n g ) represen t. th e internal
b arri e r ( i n n er e Schran k e ) of capital i s m "The c a p i ta l i s t
.

pr o d u c t i o n a s a such o n e th a t m e an s , i f fo r a m om e n t w e d on ' t
care a b o u t i t s b e i n g s u perp o s e d by th e m e c h a n ism s o f competi ­
tion - d i mi n u ti on of the rate of p rofi ts ( t e n d e n z i e l l e r Fall d e r
Profi t. r at e ) - t h i s c apitali s t pro d u c t i o n h an d l e s i n a thoro u gh l y
e c o n o m i c w a y e v e ry k i n d o f w ork i f t h i s w ork h a s b e e n repre ­
s e n t e d by w are s and commod i ti e s ( Waren ) as a realized a n d o b ­
j e ctifi e d w or k . B u t i n comparison w i th a l l t h e other w a y s o f
p roduction t h e c a p i t a l i s t p ro d u c t i o n by s p o i l i n g h u m a n b e i n g s
and l i v i n g labour ( l e b e n d i g e A r b e i t ) o u t d o e s a l l t h e other forms
of pro d u c t i o n q u i t e e a s i l y ( w e i t m e h r als . ) ; the c a p i t a l i s t
. . .

p roduction d o e s n ' t o n l y s p o i l fl e s h a n d b l o o d , b u t a l s o nerves

a n d brain . Indeed it i s d o n e by nothing b u t by s p o i l i n g up to a
h u g e e x t e n t th e d e v e l opm e n t of h u m a n beings , that t h e d e v e ­
l o p m e n t of m a n k i n d simply ( il b e rh a u p t ) i s a guarant e e d and a
d o n e o n e d u ri n g that period of h i story w h i ch immed i a t ely
pre c e d s t h e c o n s c i o u s l y d o n e r e s t i t u t i o n of the
h uman s o c i e t y " ( M arx , Capital 3, chapt. 5 ) . Just by m e a n s of
th o s e rem ark s M arx h a s g i v e n i l l n e s s an e s s e n t i a I
d e t e r m i n a t i o n , i l l n e s s b e i n g t h e i n t e r n a l
b a r r i e r o f c a p i t a l i s m , Marx h i m s e l f d i sregard i n g h e re
e x p re s s i v e l y th e ten d e n cy of t h e fal l of th e rate of profits
(, . . . indem er ausdriicklich vom ten d e n z i e l l e n Fall d er Profi t. ­
rate absi e h t , . . . ) , a d i m i n u t i o n w h i c h w i l l b e a n s w e r e d a t a n y
rate by a u gm e n t i n g t h e e x p l o i tatio n o f t h e l a b o u r force -
aggrav ation of i l l n e s s ( l n t e n s i v i eru n g v a n Krank h e i t ) - . B e i n g
the e x t e r n a l b a r r i e r o f c a p i t a l i s m illness
b e c o m e s s i g n i fi c a n t by the grow ing n u m b e r of i l l pe o pl e , t h o s e
w h o w i l l t o t al l y drop o u t of t h e c apita l i s t pro c e s s of prod u c ­
t i o n ( t h e s o - c al l e d i n curable psych oses , grow i n g n u m b e r of
th o s e w h o i n curably su ffe r from d am a g e s c a u s e d by d rugs an d
m e d i c a m en ts ) .

By t h e d e t e r m i n i n g s u b s t a n t i a l i t y ( W e s e n s -
b e s t i m m u n g ) o f i l l n e s s t o b e t h e b u ff e r
N o 1 o f t h e c r i s e s i n c a p i t a l i s t e c o n o m y
a n d to c o n tr i b u t e therefore n e c e s s a ri l y to stabilize this System ,
i l l n e s s th ough in c l u d e s a l s o a mavens ( M oment - here : som e ­
t h i n g l i k e t e n d e n c y ) , w h i c h o bj e c t i v ely i s c o u n t e r - r e v o l u t i o ­
n ary . T h i s c o n nection of e x p l oitation c an ' t be bro k e n withi n
t h e s e c t o rs o f i n d u s try a n d adm i n i strati on . That i s why w i t h i n
t h o s e b o t h s e c tors there predominates t h i s c o u n t e r - r e v o l u ti o ­
n ary factor o f i l l n es s , as far a s i t i s d e te rmi n e d t o w o rk as a
 1 51

b u ffer of th e c ri s e s . That m o v e n s ( Mo m e n t ) of i l l n e s s , w h i c h
o t h e r w i se at a n y r a t e i s the g o a d of p u s h i n g forw ard ( w e it e r ­
trei b e n d e s Mome n t ) , n am ely t h e i 1 1 p e o p l e t o b e
w i t h o u t r i g h t. s , i n t h i s c o n t e x t i s completely i n h i b i t e d
by being masked because t h e r e a r e th e tra d e u n i o n s to d o s o ,
the s o c i al w e l fare tri b u n al s by th e i r apparently fav o u r i n g t h e
w o rkers a n d other i n stituti o n s l i k e t h a t . B e i n g d e term i n e d by
th i s c o n strai n t w h i c h i s to s i g n i fy as a s u c h of d o u b l e
e x p 1 o i t a t i o n ( d o p p e l t e A u s b e u t u n g ) there
results t h e n e c e s sity for p a ti e n t s , w h o u n d e r those c o n d i ti o n s
i n d e e d are rev o l u t i o n ary subjects to form p a t i e n t s organ iza ­
t i on s . D o u b l e e x p 1 o i t a t i o n m e a n s : th e i l l person
results from t h e surpl u s v al u e pro d u c i n g production pro c e s s ;
th e s u r p l u s v a l u e i s d i v i d e d i n t o profit a n d i n t o t h e preven ­
t i v e c ap a c i ty to bu ffe r c r i s e s . B e i n g a pati e n t t h e i l l person i s
fu n c t i o n a l i z e d to s e r v e both a s a m e a n s of p r o d u c t i o n ( Pro d u k ­
t i o n smitte l ) an d a s a b u ffer of cri s e s ( Kr i s e n p u ffer ) .

5. D i a 1 e c t i c s o f c e n t r a l i s m a n d
d e c e n t r a l i s m = m u l t i - fo c a l
e x p a n s i o n i s m ( M F E )

B e fore t h e r e i s d o n e refe r e n c e t o t h e orgamzmg form o f t h e

p ati e n t s ' s e l f- organizati o n a n d i t s fart.her l o o k i n g out, h e re
some comments on pri n c i p l e about the d emocratic c e n tralism
( D C ) . The d e m o c r a t i c matt.er of t h e D C con sists of
pron o u n c i n g d e c i s i o n s , done by a m aj ority of v o t e s , what
m e an s , that a l l qualities are e s t ab l i s h e d o n t h e cate gory of
q u antity ( Q u alitaten aufg e b a u t auf d e r Kategorie d e r Q u an ­
titat ) . Just l i k e it i s d on e in t h e e v a l u at i n g pro c e s s ( V e r ­
w ertun gsprozef3 ) o f c ap i t a l i s m , i n w h i c h a l l q u a l i ty i s r e d u c e d
t o and m e asured by n o t h i n g b u t by t h e q u a n t i ty of time , c a l l e d
w o rk i n g h ours . T h e c e n t r a l i s t m a t t e r ap p e ars as a.
pyramidal orga n i zati o n with a fal l i n g s c a l e of competen c e s ,
t h u s a s a h i e r a r c h y . A l l acti v i t i e s of t h e ev e ryo n e s ( d er
Einzeln e n ) b e fore t h e i r b e g i n n i n g at all b o t h i n appearan c e a n d
in e ffi ci e n c y are already organi z e d a c ti v i ti e s ; a g a i n a r i g i d
system , t o t a l l y c orre spon d i n g to the CPE ( KV P ) ( c apitalist
e v a l u at i n g pro c e s s ) , which produces all t h e d em a n d s and t a s k s
( E rfo rd ern i s s e ) t o w h i c h th e e v e ry p e r s o n s ( d i e E i n z e ln en ) m u s t
o r i e n tate t h e i r acti v i t i e s ( - th e p e r s o n h a s t o s erv e t h e
e c o n omy, but n o t o n th e con trary - ) , i n s t e ad of organi z i n g t h e
acti v it i e s a c c o r d in g t o t h e c o n crete d e m a n d s a n d tasks
 1 52

( Erfordern i s s e ) , or i entate d to t h e s p e c i a l matter, w h i c h i s j u s t

t o d o , t h a t m e a n s t h a t t h e organ ization can be variegated i n
c o n n e c t i on w i th t h e j u s t bei n g w orked o u t m a t t e r a n d d o esn ' t
n e e d t o e x i s t an y l o n g e r , i f t h e e v e r y work with th e pres e n t
m atter i s d o n e . T h e d i a l e c t i c s o f s u bj e c t a n d o bj e c t ( t h e
p o l a r izati o n b e t w e e n l e a d e r a n d ran k a n d fi l e ) , th e b e i n g
d eterm i n e d - b e i n g s p on t a n e o u s ( s p o n t a n e i ty as a c o n s t i tuti v e
m o m e n t o f an o r g a n i z ati o n , a l s o to t h i n k of t h e r e v o l u t i o n ary
p ro d u c ti v e fo rce ( force of p ro d u c ti o n ) of the by L u k a c s s o ­
c a l l e d " r e v o l u ti on ary i n s ti n c t " ) , th e d i ffere n c e between bei n g
pro d u c e d - an d pro d u c i n g ( r e p r e s e n t e d ( v e r g e g e n s t an d l i c h t ) as
the c o n trad i c ti on b e t w e e n p a s s i v i t y - a c ti v i t y ] , those d i a l e c ti c
c o n trad i c t.i o n s n e v er c a n b e d e v e l o p ed w i t h i n t h e D C ( d e m o ­
c r a t ic: c e n t ra l i s m ) ; j u s t as l i t t l e a s th e d i a l e c t i c s of n e e d s
·

( B e d il rfn i s s e ) a n d p r o d u c t i o n ( Prod u k ti o n ) .

From c a r i n g for t h e n e e d s i n l o n e l y o n e s or i n l i t t l e gro u p s

w h i c h w ork t oge th er by c o n t ro l l i n g e a c h o t h e r t h e r e fo l l o w s as
a s p e c ifi c m ark o f organ i z a t i o n ( O rga n i s a t i o n s m erkmal ) t h e
pri n c i p l e o f MFE ( m u l t i - fo c a l expan s i o n i sm ) . T h e r e h a s to b e
d e v e l o p e d i n e a c h m e m b e r th e c o n s c i o u s n e s s based o n the
p o l i t i c a l i d e n t i t y ( p o l i t i s c h e I d e n t i t a t ) ,
that is the u n i on (Einhe i t ) of n e e d s a n d p o l i ti c a l s t r u ggl e .
W i t h i n a n o n - c entr a l i z e d organization e a c h pro d u c t i v i t y ,
e a c h i n it i a ti v e h a s t o fi n d p r o m p t l y a w h o l e o f i t.s
organizati o n a l c o n n e c t i o n by m e a n s of t h e p e rma n e n t l y b e i n g
w o rk e d o u t o f t h e resp e c t i v e prod u c t i v i ty . Ev e ry b o d y c a n
e x p r e s s h er s e l f an d h i m s e l f a n d e v e ry b o d y o u gh t to d o s o , i n
o rd e r t o g e t i n fl u e n c e u p o n the c ommon w ork an d therefore
n o b o d y c a n evade from the c o n s e q u e n c e s o f the w o r k , b e c a u s e
t h o s e c o n s e q u e n c e s h a v e s tarted from t h e n e e d s o f everyb o d y .
For t h e c l a s s - e n em y i t w i l J b e imposs i b l e t o br e a k d efin itiv el y
an organ i z a t i o n of m u l ti - fo c a l e x p a n s i o n i sm . In order to c o ­
or d i n a t e t h o s e a c ti v i t i e s , d u r i n g t h e i r g o i n g on b e i n g d e v e ­
l o p e d , t h e c e n t r a li s t p a r t. i n t h i s d i al e c ti c s w i l l represen t. t h e
s t r u c t u r e of a c o l l e c t i v e m e m o ry . T h e m e m b e rs m a k e u s e o f t h .i s
memory , w h i c h i t.s e l f q u i t e on the c o n t rary i s by its e l f
( m e m o ry ! ) e x c l u d e d t o m a k e u s e o f t h e m a s s e s ( n o n - c e ntral i s t
p art ) . I n an organ i z a t i o n w h i ch i s d e termi n e d i n t h i s w a y , th e
c e n tr a l i s m th erefore i s d i a l e c t i c a l l y rem o v e d ( d i al e k t i s c h
a u fg e h o b e n ) .
 1 53

6. H i s t o r y a n d fu t u r e o f t h e
p a t i e n t s ' s e l f - o r g a n i z a t i o n
( G e s c h i c h t e u n d P e r s p e k t i v e...)

The c urri c u l u m of th e SPK may serve as a truly good mirror for

w h at there is me ant by t h e formula of t h e d i alectical aboHtion
( d l alektische Aufhebung) of cen trali s m . There d i d exist sev eral
p e ri o d s .

T h e f i r s t p e r i o d w a s mark e d b y preparing t h e patients '

s e l f- organ ization u n d e r the c on d itions of capitali s t - h i erarc h i c
centralism . Only b e c a u s e th e S P K started o n th e le ve l of t h e
u n i v ersity ' s m e d i c i n e t h e r e c o u l d b e w o r k e d out v ery n e atly
what there i s called above the contradiction o f the d o u b 1 e
e x p 1 o 1 t a t i o n . " For the w orkers i t is practic ally impossible
(praktisch unmogl1 ch ) , to insist in that w h at should b e
t h e o r e t i c a 1 1 y their b a s i c r i g h t o f h e a 1 t h ( i h r
e r s t e s G e s u n d h e i t s r e c h t ) : t h e right, rel ated to th e
fac t , t h at w h i c h k i n d of w ork th e w ork e rs h a v e to do afte!r
h av i n g b e e n a s s o c i ated for this purpose by their empl oyer, to
preserve this c ommon w ork from all evitable (unn otigen) c o n ­
d i t i o n s by w h i c h t h e h e alth of the w orkers c ou l d catch an y
d amage , t h e employer j us t b e i n g obliged to do this prev en tion
a s best h e c an a n d o n his o w n costs ; and th a t , t h e
w o r k e r s t h e m s e l v e s i n d e e d n o t b e i n g a b l e
to force from their employers t h i s s an i t ary j u s t i c e ( s anitare
J u s t i z = car e for h e a l th ) , the w o rk ers J u s t a s littl e can e x p e c t
any tru e help in spite of th e presum ed intention of the l e!gi s ­
l ator from t h o se o f f i c i a 1 s ( B e a m t e n ) , w h o s e duty
s h o u l d b e t o apply those ' l a w s by w h i c h gri e v a n c e s (Obel -·
stiin d e ) c a n be a b o li s h e d "' (Kapital I I I , MEW 2 5 , p . 1 0 6 , c it a ­
zion ) . N o w , j us t thi s k i n d o f confrontati on between w orkers
w h o w e r e p a t i e n t s and " o f f i c i a l s " happened I n
t h e beginning o f t h e S P K at t h e u n i versity a n d t h e working o u t
o f t h e c o n tradiction i n t h a t w h at i s d o u b l e e x p l oitation there
h as fou n d a v e ry s u i t a b l e o c c asi o n : i n spite of their b e i n g
exploited and i n spite o f their paying the s o c i a l con tributions
t h e patients got n o l e gal c l ai m for m e d i c al treatm e n t th e re . Of
course i n this c o n n ection it c a n ' t b e the q u e s t i o n , th at the
l e gal c l aim on m e d i c a l tre atmen t is servi n g for n o thing but to
continue t h e e x p l o i tation i n c on seqen c e , w h ether this treatment
i s g i v e n o r refu s e d . But w h a t i s i mportant I n th i s connection is
the fac t , t h a t , c on fronted t o the m ass of the patients the
m e d i c al repre s e n tative of the u n i v ersity ( fo r e x ample the
assistan t - physi c i an a s an o ffi c i al in t h e beginnings - Beamter
auf Wld erruf - . who also h as the task to " ab o l i s h p u b l i c
grievan c es " ) can and m u s t care a b o u t , that the u n i v ersity ' s
 1 54

p ri v i l eges w h i c h are at h i s d i s p o s al a r e a p pl i e d i n fa v o u r o f
t h e ma s s e s of the p a t i E? n t s . By d o i n g s o h e c o n n e c t s th e ma s s e s
to t h e u n i v e r s i ty b y cari n g a b o u t t h e c o n tr a d i c t i o n be t w e e n
t h e p r e t. e n t i o n o f t h e u n i v ers i t y a s a n i n s t i t u t i o n w h i c h
h as t o r e a l i z e t h e l i b e rty o f s c i e n c e w h i l e b e i n g b a s e d o n th e
b a s i c r i g h t s on the o n e h an d a n d t h e f u n c t i o n of t h e
u n i v e r s i ty o n t h e o t h e r h a n d t o s e r v e real i z i n g capital i s m ,
d e l iv e ri n g p ati e n t s to t h e e x p l o i t a t i o n ( Z u l i e fe r - ) , prepari n g
t h e m f o r e v al u at i o n a n d fo r t h e i r b e i n g c o n s u m e d b y c a p i t a l i sm
( V erw e rt.u n g s b e t ri e b ) and a s a l e g i tim a t i n g a g e n c y ( L e gi t im a ­
t. i o n s i n s t a n z ) o f capital i s m . B y tre ating t h i s c o n t ra d i c t i o n t h e
m e d i c a l d oc t o r i n o ffi c e at t h e u n i v e r s i ty c an ' t b u t m a k e
tran s p a r e n t t h e c l ass - an t a go n i sms , fo r e x am p l e , i f h e w o r k s
o u t c o l l e c t i v e l y w i th t h e pati e n ts t h i s k i n d of s c i e n c e w h i c h
th ey n e e d . By t h a t at t h e s a m e t i m e h e c a n ' t but a b o l i s h t h e
v i o l e n c e o f d i s p o s a l agai n s t t h e i l l p e o p l e , t h e v i o l e n c e of
d i s p o s al w h i c h is d efen d e d a n d assured by the s c i e n c e o f t h e
ru l e rs ( H e rr s c h a.fts w i s s e n ) .

By h i s total commitm e n t t o all b a s i c m a t t e r s h e h as t o stimu ­

l ate a s i t u a t i o n w h i c h i n t h e v i e w of t.h e i l l p e o p l e e q u a l s th e
a b o l i t i o n o f h i s r o l e as an o bj e c t to w h i c h the i l l person h a s
b e e n d amn e d as b e i n g c o n d i t i o n e d b y t h e c o n s t ra i n t s o f t h e
System . R e g ard i n g t h e a b o l i t i o n o f th i s b e i n g c o n d i t i o n e d t h e
i l l p e r s o n by m e a n s o f c o n s c i o u s a w a r e n e s s o f t h e s i t u a t i o n
n o w w i l l a c t again s t a l l i n fl u en c e s w h i c h formerly h e h a d tak e n
fo r u n c h an g e a b l e s y m p t o m s an d p h e n om e n a of h i s i l l n e s s . B u t
a s l o n g as organizat i o n , admi n i s tration an d t h e b e i n g k e p t
( V er w ah r u n g ) o f t h e i l l n e s s c o n t i n u e w o r k i n g i n a c a p ital i s t. ­
c e n t r a l i s t m a n n e r t h e c r i s i s c a n ' t m a n i fe s t i t s e l f , b u t i n its
form of, a s i t s e e m s , n o n - d i r e c t e d l a c k o f v i o l e n c e ( . . . n u r bis
z u r s c h e i n b a r u n gerichteten G e w al t l o s i g k e i t ) . A s e x ampl e s in
t h i s c o n n e c t i o n t h e r e m ay b e t a k e n fi r s t l y t h e sys tem as a
w h o l e i n i t s fu n c t i o n i n g as t h e b u ffe r of cri s e s , s e c o n d l y the r e
c an b e d o n e refe r e n c e t o t h e h u n ge r - s t r i k e i n t h e b e g i n n i n g o f
t h e S P K , t h i s h u n g e r - stri k e w h i c h i n d e e d w a s i n t h e e y e s o f
s o m e o f t h e e n em i e s n o t h i n g b u t the m a n i fe s t a t i o n o f a w e a k ­
n e s s , d em o n strated by s o m e d i sturbed p e o pl e . Th e q u i et r e s u l t
o f a s u c h s e em i n g ly u n d i r e c t e d l a c k o f v i o l e n c e i s t h e c o m ­
promi s e , t h e d e v e l op m e n t a n d t h e r e a l i z ati o n o f w h i c h prod u c e d
w i th i n t h e s e c o n d p e r i o d a n e w p o l a r i z a t i o n . Th i s
p o l a rization d i d n ' t t a k e p l a c e o n t h e l e v e l o f t h e u n i v ersity ' s
m ed i c i n e , a s d i d t h e fi rst. p e ri o d , for i ts r e p re s e n t a t i o n n o w
c o n s i s t s o f t h e c o n frontati o n b e t w e e n s c i e n c e - i m m e d i a ­
t e l y repre s e n t e d by t h e p a ti e n ts - a n d p o w e r - immed i a t e ­
l y r e p re s e n t e d b y t h e u n i v ers i ty .
 1 55

During the t h i r d p e r i o d there results t h e d e c e n tra l i ­

zation as an i n t e r n a l o n e ( n a c h i n n e n ) by
s o c i alizing o f t h e therapeutic fu n c t i o n s liy m e a n s of c o n t ro l l i n g
o n e another ( w e c h s e l s e i t.i ger Selbstk o n t ro l l e ) d o n e within t h e
p e r s o n a l and g r o u p agitati o n ( E i n ze l - u n d Gruppen a gi tatio n ) ;
th e d e c e n tr a l izat i o n t o t h e o u t s i d e ( n a c h a u � e n )
h appened by t h e fou n d ation o f more p ati e n t s ' c o l l e c t i v e s , w h i c h
h a v e b e e n stimu l a t e d a n d prod u c e d by the w o rk of t h e SPIC
T h i s decentralization gets h e l p from th e permanently
obj ectivating o f th emse l v e s (wird u n t. e rs tl i t z t du rch stan d ige
Selbstobj ek t i v i e ru ng ) , which predomi n antly ( s ch w erp u n k tmal� i g )
i s d o n e i n the study w o r k g r ou p s . F r o m t h e proc e s s of
d e c entral ization and s e l f- obj e cti v at i o n results th e p o l i t i c a l
i d e n tity bei n g t h e form u l a ( B e g ri ff } o f the i d e n t i t y ( l d e n ti t a t )
b o t h o f n e e d s a n d politi c a l stru g g l e .

Marked by the a t t a c k s of t h e reaction w h i c h u s e s the j u d i c i ary

machin ery ( e v i ction s e n ten c e , - pr o h i b i t i o n of s c i en ti fi c w ork
by the refu s a l o f the i n st i tu t i o n a l and al s o o f the immediate l y
material m e a n s of p r o d u c ti o n ) there results th e f o u r t h
p e r i o d c o n t a i n i n g the depriv ati o n of t h e pati ents both
material and j u ri d i c a l , n o w completely real iz e d .

From this fou r - peri o d s d e v e lopment. t h e r e fo l l o w s t h e f i f t h

p e r i o d , mark e d b y the r e l e a s e of v i o l e n c e t h i s v i o l e n c e
,

total l y separated ( Gew altenteil u n g ) , starti n g fr o m t h e

c ap i t a l i s t - h i erarc h i c c e n tralism w h i c h formerly a n d until n o w
c o n s i s t e d o f i l l n e s s w h i c h w a s t i e d by k e e p i n g i t un der th e
c ap i t a l i s t and h i erarc h i c c o n trol : t h e State ' s m a c h i n ery s e :rv i n g
c apitalism n o w w o r k i n g a s a p e rfe c t m as s m u r d erer a g a i n s t h i s
most v u l n erables ( v e rw u n d b arste n ) pro d u cts , both b e i n g the
s ame an d the tru e s t mirror of what i s c a p i t a. l i s t. d e s tr u c t i v e
forc e . ( D a s Kapital v ermit.te l s St.aatsapparat a l s perfekter
M a s s enmorder a n s e i n e n v er w u ndbarst.en u n d beide zugleich am
adaqu at.esten w i d e rs p i eg e l n d e n Pro d u k t e n ) .

Thus i n this fifth period cap i t a l i s m a n d i ts State - m a ch i n e ry -

n o w being o c c u p i e d w i t h the abol i ti o n of the p atients - find
them s e l v e s within the direct confron t at i o n w i th i l ln e s s , w h i c h
i s t h e i r e s s e n t i a l p r o d u c t ( representing thei r totalit y ) - t h u s
b e i n g confr o n t e d w i t h thems e l v e s .

In the s i x t h p e r i o d t h e s e l f orga n i z at i o n w i l l d i v i d e
-

i ts e l f in to a m i l i t a n t acti v i ty on the o n e h an d a n d i n t o a pro ­

p agandist part. on the oth e r . The first for t h e purpose to i n s ert
an e ffi c i e n t s e 1 f - d e f e n c e against th e r e a c t. i o n
( R e ak ti o n ) of c ap i t a l i s m a n d the n e w fasc i s t m a c h in ery o f the
 1 56

State , the l atter in order to start a p r o d u c t i v e a t t a c k

agai n s t th e re v i s i o n i s t l e ft i n the FRG ( Fe d eral Rep u bl i c of
G e rm any ) , e s p e c i a l l y i n order to s o c i a l i z e t h e SPK e x p e ri e n c e s
w i t h regard to i t s m a n n e r of organizati o n a n d agitati o n .

Whil e i n t h e s i xth p e ri o d t h e propagan d i s t e l em e n t ( M oment ) ,

t h e s e c ti o n ( P artei ) , that i s t h e u n i t o f c o l l e c t i v e m e m o ry a n d
c o o r d i n a ti o n , gets i t s progre s s i v e s i g n i fi c a t i o n by e x te n d i n g the
m a s s basis ( Er w e i teru n g d e r M a s s e n b a s i s ) , i n the perspe c t i v e
s e v e n t h p e r i o d t h i s s e c t i o n ( " Parte i '' ) w h i c h m a i n l y w i l l
h a v e t o d o w i th t h e c l a s s a n t a go n i s m s as t h e y w i l l repre s e n t
t h em s e l v e s i n the p e o p l e ' s w a r , t h e n o n l y w i l l be o c c u p i e d y e t
w i th t h e c o n fl i c ts w h i c h s t a r t from t h e re a c t i o n ary fo r c e s
( R e ak t i o n ) , b e c a u s e th e propagan d i s t s e c ti o n a n y h o w refers t o
the pas t . T h e p r i m ary form o f t h e p r o pagan d i s t s e c t i o n m an i ­
fes t s i t s e l f as t h e p o l i t i c a l i d e n ti t y w h i c h i s , starting from t h e
p r o c e s s u s o f d e c e n tr a l i zation , e x pan s i o n a n d s e l f- obj e c t. i v at i on
at t h e same time i t s most p erfe c t a c c om p l i s h m e n t ( h oc h s t e
V o ll e n d u n g ) . I t is o n l y b e c a u s e of t h e i n i m i c al v i o l e n c e agai n s t
t h e p a ti e n t s ' s e l f- organ ization t h a t t h i s b e i n g fu n ct i o n a l l y
d i v i d e d i n t o t h e p o l e s o f t h e m i l i ta n t a n d propag a n d i s t
m o m e n t u m w i l l b e c o m e a q u e s t i on of s ur v i v a l .

S O C I A LIST PA TIENTS ' C O L L F: C T I V E Heidelberg, d e n

a t t h e u n i v e rs i ty o f H e i d e l b erg 1 2 . 06 . 7 1
R o h rb a c h e r Str . 1 2
 1 57

THIS TEXT IS BUT A B E G I N N I N G . . .

VIII Two Correspondences I

Two Comparisons *

39 . ) CORRESPONDENCES I

D o c uments of the proceedings Documents about the

against the ( n azi - )m e d i c al university ' s authorities
d o c tors at Nuremberg and its pro c e edings i n order
25 Oct. 1 946 - 20 Aug. 1 947 : to liquidate the SPK :

"To expose all the cru elti es to
the eyes of the world ' s publi c
was a tas k , w h i c h because of
its seriousness could not b e
done , for a l l peopl e in th e
world then w o u ld see nothing
but proofs agai n s t the medical
establishment as a whole . Re­
gardless of our being rather
h opeless that w e could reach
an improvement by our publish ­
ing those facts , we neverth e ­
less , following o u r c omissi o n ,
d i d t h i s work . T h u s we sent
1 0 . 0 00 books to the work ­
c ircults ( A rbeitsgemeinsch aft)
of the M e d i c al Boards ( Arzte-
To expose all unveiled issu es
of violence to the publllc
eyes of the u n iversity, w h i c h
have to see by t h at th e
i ncriminating documents
against the in stitution and
its responsible fun ctionaries
would h a v e been too direc tly .
Rather h opeless to ch ange
something by having p u b ­
lished our contribution
against the liquidation of the
SPK titl e d " D o cumentati on
abo u t the proc eedings of the
university ' s admini strati on in
order to liqu i d ate the SPK''
we fin ally published

.,. Arranged but not by practising prepared by th e

formerly SPK - patl ent A . A . who then h a d preferred the
emigrati on instead o f turning illness into a we apon
further on ( " he who ls in fear ls watchful . . . " )
 1 58

D o c u m e n t s of t h e proceed i n gs D o c u m e n t s a b o u t th e
again s t the ( n azi - ) m e d i c a l u n i v ers i ty s aut h o r i t i e s
'

d o c tors at N u remberg and i ts pr o c eed i n g s i n order

2 5 Oct. 1 9 4 6 - 20 A u g 1 9 4 7 : . to L i qu i d at e the SPK :

k ammern ) o f W e s t e r n G e rm an y , t h o s e d o cuments o n 1 7 March

e x p e c t i n g that the named 1 9 7 1 . 5 0 0 b o o k s a d d r e s s e d to
Boards would d i stribute o u r s t u d e n t s i n terested i n t h o s e
b o o k s to the m e d i c a l estab l i s h ­ m a tters and they b o u gh t
,

ment ( Arzte s c h aft ) . B u t there them in t h e u n i v ersity ' s

resulted nothing at all . Almost c a n t e e n s ( M e n s a ) an d also i n
n ob o dy ever g o t k n o w l e d g e t h e S P K . No s o rt of e ffe c t at
about th i s b o o k , n o sort o f re ­ al l . . . .(57).
v i e w , n o sort of l e tters from
the readers ; n o b o d y of all
p e o p l e we m e t d u r i n g the n e x t
t e n y e ars h ad a n y k n o w l e dge
about th i s b oo.k as existi n g . We
know o n ly about one i n stitu ­
tion , w h i ch h a s s e e n this book :
t h e World M e d i c al A s s o c i ation
(Weltarztebu n d ) w h i c h , espe ­
c i a l l y r egar d i n g our d oc u m e n t s ,
took i t fo r a pro of, b e l i e v i n g
n ow , that the German m e d i c a l
establishment meanwhile should
h av e r e a c h e d s o m e d i stan c e
regard i n g t h e crimi n al
d i c tatorship a n d t h at t h e r e fo re
th e German p h ys i c i an s by that
n o w h a d got t h e d i gn i ty to get
w e l comed agai n in t h e Worl d
Medi c al A s s o c i ati o n. "

A . M i t s c h e rl i ch , 1 9 6 0 w i t h
r e g a r d t o th e d o c u m e n t s .

" A n gr i l y I answ e r e d in a d d i ti o n , "The Medical Board o f the

that i f t h o s e pro c e e d i n g s
( ex p eriments agai n s t h u m an
b e in g s b e i n g damned to d e at h )
s h o u l d be i m i tated , w e as w e l l
c o u l d p u t o u r d o c t ri n e i n to t h e
h a n d s o f t h e h a n gm e n a n d i n
r e g i o n of North - Baden ( d i e
Bezirk s a rzt e k ammer Nord ­
b a d e n ) fe l t i ts e l f b e s i d e s o f
h e r p o s s i b i l i t i e s to bri n g i n t o
ac t i on tan k s ( K am pfp a n z e r )
agai n st t h e group of arm e d

D o c u m e n t s of t h e p ro c e e d i n gs
a g a i n s t t h e ( n azi - ) m e d i c al
d o c tors at N u r e m b e r g
25 Oct. 1 946 - 20 Aug. 1 947:
__________..,,...,_____,,,_
fu t ur e c o u l d e s t ab l i s h s c h ool s
for h an gm e n in o u r i n s t i t u ti o n . "
Prof. D r . m e d . Gerh ard R o s e ,
protocol p . 6 2 3 1 ff, 1 9 4 6 / 4 7 .
" Be c a u s e i t i s n e c e s s ary for a
p l a n n e d e c o n omy ( p l an w i r t ­
s c h aft l i c h e Erfa s s u n g ) to regi ­
ster all m e n t a l l y d i s turbed
persons I a s k y o u to fi l I i n
u r g e n t l y th e e n c l o s e d fo rms
according to th e i n s t ru c t i o n s
e n c l o s e d an d to s e n d l t b a c k t o
me. "
D r . me d . C o n t i ,
document No. 825, 2 4 . 1 0 . 1 9 3 9 .
" A s w e c a n t a k e fro m t h e both
letters ( 2 5 . 1 1 . 4 0 a n d 2 9 . 1 1. 4 0 )
t h e r e w ere n e e d e d fo r t h e
work i n g by t h e e x pert f o r 3 0 0
c a s e s t h r e e d ays a t t h e m o s t .
Comm e n t by M i e l k e and
Mitscherlich 1 94 9 .
1 59
D o c u m e n ts a b o u t th e
u n i v e r s i ty s au t h o ri t i e s
'
a n d i t s p r o c e e d i n gs in ord e r
to l i q u i d a t e t h e SPK :
---·------------.T__,,,,______�•H•
m a d m e n ( G e i s t e s k r an k e r )
th e r e w h ere t h e tole ran c e
,
h a d m a d e o u t of a gro u p o f
l u n at i c s ( V erschrob e n e ) an
arm e d revol u t i o n ary b r i g a d e
gro u p , re a d y to go t o
e x tremes . "
M o n i k a F u c h s i n t h e offi c i al
n e w sp a p e r of th e M e d i c al
Board of t h e s t a t e of Ba d e n ­
Wiirttemberg, S e p te mb e r 1 9 7 1
" C a u s e d by th e i n q u iry o f
t h e d e a n ' s o ffi c e of t h e
F a c u l ty of Cl i n i c a l M e d i c i n e
I I a t t h e U n i v er s i ty o f
H e i d e l berg from 3 1 A u gu s t
1 9 7 0 I d e l i v e r th e fol l o w i n g
r e p ort about the S o c i al.i s t
Pati e n ts C o l l e c t i v e . Th e
'
q u e s t i o n s p u t to me I a n s w e r
a s fo l l o w s . . . "
Prof. D r . m e d . H . Th o m a ,
9 . 9 . ] 970,
SPK - d o c: u m e n t at i o n I , p . 3 6
A s there i s t o tak e from t h e
d ate o f t h e " i n q u i ry "
( 3 1 . 0 8 . l 9 7 0 ) a n d from t h e
" re p o r t " ( 0 9 . 0 9 . 1 9 7 0 ) t h e
" w o rk i n g of 1 5 1 c a s e s (num­
bers of the patients in th e
SPK on 2 0 July 1 9 7 0 ) by the
e x pert took 8 d ays a t the
most .
 1 60
D o c u m e n ts. of the pr o c e e d i n gs
agai n s t t h e ( n azi - ) m ed i c al
d oct ors at N u remberg
25 O c t . 1 9 4 6 - 2 0 A u g . 1 9 4 7 :
--------·-------------
" T h e j u ri d i cal m a s t e r s t o l d us ,
that this task was a legal o n e ,
t h a t it w a s a l a w b y H i tl e r , o r
a d e c r e e l i k e a l aw ( gesetz ­
k r aftig e r Erla� ) - a l a w fu l
d ecree , a n d w e were tol d t h a t
w e at n o m e a n s c o u l d be l i a b l e
t o p ro s e c u t i o n an d q u i t e o n t h e
con trary , t h a t w e w o u l d b e
p u n i s h e d i f w e s h ou l d s a b o t a g e
th i s c o m m a n d o f t h e F u h r e r . "
O b e rarzt D r . m e d . Wal t e r
Schmi d t ,
protocol p . 1 8 5 8 , 1 9 4 6 /4 7 .
" l n o rd e r t o k e e p the acti on
under secret, there w ere u s e d
o n l y e x p e r t s a n d l e a d ers o f
i n s t i t u ti o n s w h o w e r e r e l i a b l e
n a t.i o n a l s o c i a l i sts an d S S ­
l e a d e rs . "
Statem e n t by M i e l k e a n d
M i t s c h erli c h 1 9 4 9 .
D o c u m e n t s about the
u n i v e r s i ty ' s a u t h o r i t i e s
an d i t s p r o c e e d i n g s i n o r d e r
to l i q u i d a te t h e S P K :
" For t h e c a s e o f t h e S P K
th e r e i s i n n o a c c o u n t t o
e x p e c t any agre e m e n t ( th a t
t h e SPK c o ul d be c o n t i n u e d
as a n i n s t i t u t i o n a t t h e
u n i v e r s i t y ) be c a u s e o f t h e
d e cree o f t h e c u l t u s - m i n i s t e r
( H ahn ) from l 8 S e pte m b e r
1 9 7 0 . T h e F a c u l t y of C l i n i c a l
M e d i c i n e I I u r ge n t l y r e ­
comman d s to refu s e any b e ­
c o m i n g a s s o c i a t e d o f t h e SPK
t o t h e u n i v ersity . "
Prof. D r . m e d . U . S c h n y d e r a n d
Dr.med . H . Kretz , s e n a t e ' s
session , 2 4 November l 9 7 0 .
" T h e a rg u m e n t w h i c h fo l l o w s
will p r o v e , t h a t a m n n g !. h e
s i x r e p orts ( R i c h t e r ,
B ru c k n e r , Spazi e r , D r . m e d .
Th oma, D r . med . v . Baey e r ,
D r . m e d . Bochn i k ) o n l y i n 3
r e ports ( T h om a , v . Baeyer,
Boch n i k ) t h ere are t h e p r e ­
r e q u i s i t e s for an e x p e rt i o n a l
s e n t e n c i n g ( V or a u s s e t z u n g e n
zu g u ta c h t l i c h e r Urtei l s ­
b i l d u n g ) . T h e 3 rep o r t s ,
w h i c h h a v e b e e n ordered by
t h e Fa c u l t y o f C l i n i c a l
M e d i c i n e II agree in t h a t t h e
S P K i s n o t al l o w e d to b e c o m e
an i n st i t u t i on at the
u n i v e r s i ty . "
D r . m e d . ll . S c h n y d e r , D r . m e d .
H . Kretz , s e c re t s e n a t e ' s
sessi o n o n 2 4 Nov ember 1 9 7 0
 161
Documents of t h e proceedings
against the (nazi- ) m e d i c al
d o ctors at Nuremberg
2 5 Oct. 1 9 4 6 2 0 Aug. 1 9 4 7 :
- to liqui d ate t h e SPK :
" A master named B l ankenburg
e x p l a i n e d to 11s, that th e
Fuhrer h ad w o rked o u t a l aw
about euthanasi a . It w a s abs o ­
l u te ly v o l u n t ari l y for a l l p e r ­
s o n s w h o took p a r t i n t h i s
a s s e m b l y to a s s u r e their c o l ­
l a b o rati on . None of th em w h o
t o o k part h a d a n y argum e n t s
a g a i n s t this program . "
A ffi d avit o f a n u rs e , P .
Kn e i s l e r , d o c . N o . 8 6 3 , 1 9 4 6 / 4 7
" T h e murderer c o n t i n u e d to
expl ain to this p o i n t , that the
refu s i n g of n o u rishment s h o u l d
n o t b e d o n e promptly a n d a t
o n c e , b u t b y d i m i n i sh i n g b y
a n d by t h e d ai l y m e al s . "
A ffi d a v i t by L u d w i g L e h n e r to
the question p u t to h im w h o
i n d e e d w a s t h e p e rs o n al ity i n
the h a n d s o f w h o m there w as
t h e responsible s e n t e n c e about
l i fe and d e ath o f the pati e n t .
D o c . N o . 8 6 3 , 1 9 4 6 /4 7
D o c uments about t h e
u n iversity ' s authoriti e s
a n d its p r o c e e d i n gs i n o r d e r
" T h e risk of s u i c i d e s ( S H l b s t ­
mordri s i k o ) of SPK members
i n d e e d s h o u l d become some ­
w h at h i g h e r , but it s h o u l d b e
o v e r l o o k e d anyh o w . Therefore
the s e n t e n c i n g members of
t h e Senate w o u l d h av e no
s p e c i al m e d i c al o r moral
responsibil ity . For the l atter
s h o u l d care the treating
p h ysic ian at any rate . "
D r . m e d . H afne r and D r . m e d .
Kretz during t h e s e cret
s e n ate ' s session o n 2 4
November 1 9 7 0 as quoted
-
o n 2 8 D e c ember 1 9 7 0 b y a
p arti c i p an t .
" T h e s e n ate l s of the op1mon
that the SPK c an ' t b e c ome an
i n stitu tion at th e u n i v ersity .
T h e sen tence is d o n e agai nst
o n e v o t e , w h i l e o n e vote
more h a s b e e n refu s e d . After
t h i s d e c i s i o n i t s h o u l d be
the task o f t h e Univ ersity ' s
c h a n c e l l o r t o execute thi s
s entence by means of the
admini strat i o n using tht�
h e l p fu l means of the State
( u nter A n w e n d u n g staatl i c h e r
Hilfsmittel durchzufii h ren ) . "
Sentence offi c i ally done
( o ffi z i e l l e r Beschlu�) by the
s e c ret Senate ' s session on
2 4 Nov ember '70 and order of
 1 6 ?.
D o cuments of t h e pro c e e d i n gs
ag a i n s t t h e ( n az i - ) m e d i c a l
d o c tors at N u r emb e rg
25 O c t . 1 9 4 6 - 20 A u g . 1 9 4 7 :
" � a c h p h y s i c i an h i m s e l f h as
b e e n r e s p o n s i b l e for that w h at
h e h a d to d o within the frame
o f t h o s e i s s u e s , w h i c h e n d e d by
th e e u t h a n as i a w h i c h was the
e nd . "
Prof. D r . m e d . Karl Bran d t ,
proto c o l p . 2 4 3 6 ff, 1 9 4 6 / 4 7 .
" N o w m y c o n d i t i o n i n th i s
m o m e n t w a s a s u c h w h i c h , say ,
c o u l d b e compared to t h a t of a
j u ri s t w h o fo r e x ampl e o n
pri n c ip l e i s a g a i n s t e x e c u t i o n s
a n d agai n s t s e n t e n c e s of d e ath .
I n o c c a s i o n s , w h e n h e h a s to
d e al with p e o p l e from t h e
government and in public
s e s s i o n s of j u ri s t s , w h o a re
c o n cerned w i th t h i s q u e s t. i o n ,
h e w i l l u s e a l l h i s p o w e r to
c a rry through his opin i o n . If h e
d o e s n ' t s u c c e e d h e n ev e rth e l e s s
w i l l tem a i n i n h i s profe s s i o n
a n d i n h i s en v i r o n m e n t a n d
o c c a s i o n a l l y h e c a n fe e l h i m s e l f
forc e d to p ro n o u n c e a s u c h
d e ath s e n te n c e , i n s p i t e of
b e i n g o n p r i n i c i p l e an o p p o n e n t
D o c u m e n ts a b o u t t h e
u n i v e rs i ty ' s a u t h or i ti e s
an d i t s p r o c e e d i n gs i n o r d e r
to l i q u i d ate t h e S P K :
t h e d e an o f t h e F a c u l ty of
Law , D r .j u r . Lefere n z .
'' T h erefore t h e s e n t e n c i n g
memb ers o f the Sen ate d o n ' t
h a v e a n y s p e c i al m e d i c a l o r
moral resp o n s i b i l i ty . T h e re ­
s p o n s i b il i ty a n yw a y b e l o n g s
t o t h e p h y s i c i an , w h o m a k e s
t h e therapy . "
Prof. D r . m e d . H . H a fn e r u n d
D r . m e d . H . Kretz d u ri n g t h e
s e c re t s e s s i o n of th e s e n a t e
on 2 4 N o v e m b e r 1 9 7 0 .
" G i v i n g a s u mmar y I c a n t '
b u t asc ertai n th at a l l my
effo rts d o n e i n t h i s q u e s tio n
( w i t h r e s p e c t to t h e SPK )
h a v e fai l e d . T h e re s i s t a n c e s
o f a l l s i d e s a g a i n st a s o l u ­
t i o n , as I took i t fo r j u s ti ­
fi able a n d fo r p o s s i b l e , w ere
too great . "
Prof . D r . R . R e n d t o r ff i n h i s
statem e n t s o f a c c o u n t s to
t h e P u b l i c S e n ate ( G ro(3er
S e n a t ) o n 8 Febr u a r y 1 9 7 1 .
 163
Documents of the proceedings
agai n s t the ( n azi - )medical
d o c tors at N u remberg
25 O c t . 1 9 4 6 20 A u g . 1 9 4 7 :
- to l i q u i d ate the SPK:
against th i s i s s u e . "
Prof. D r . me d . G . R o s e , d e fe n d i n g
h i m s e l f i n fro n t of t h e
I . Amer i c a n M i l i tary Tri b u n al
1 9 4 7 , protocol , p. 6 5 6 8 .
Prof. Dr.med . Gerhard R os e ,
found gui lty and sentenced for
l i fe b e c a u s e of h i s crimes
a g ai n s t h u m a n i ty (des Verbre ­
chens gegen d i e M e n s c h l i c h k e i t )
( 1 947)
Prof. Dr . m e d . Karl Bran dt ,
s e n t e n c e d to d e ath by h a n g i n g
( 1 9 4 7 ) , b e c a u s e o f t h e crime
again s t h uma n i ty a n d b e c a u s e
of b e i n g a m ember o f an orga­
n i zati o n which w as s e n ten c e d
by the I n tern a t i o n al M i l i tary
C o u rt a s a crimi n al organization
( criminal c o n s p i r a c y )
Documents about the
u n i v e r s i ty ' s authori t i e s
a n d i t s pro c e e d i n gs i n order
Prof. D r . m e d . H a n s Thom�L
director of th e se ctor fo r
p sy c h ot h e rapy at the u n i ­
vers ity of Ulm ( 1 9 7 2 )
Prof. D r . m e d . Walter Ritt.Hr v a n
Baey e r , d i r e c t o r of the u n i ­
v er s i ty ' s p sy c h i a tri c c l i n i c a t
H e i d e l b erg ( 1 9 7 2 ) , bearnr o f
t h e ord e r o f t h e Federal
R e p u b l i c o f G e rm a n y s i n c e
1 9 7 0 ( B u n d e s v erdien stkreu z ­
trag e r s e i t 1 9 7 0 )
Prof. D r . m e d . H . J . Bo c h n i k ,
director of t h e psychiatric
a n d n euro l o g i c a l c li n i c at the
u n i v ersity o f Frankfurt
( l 972)
 1 64

D o c u m e n ts of the p r o c e e d i n gs D o c u m e n t s a b o u t th e
agai n s t t h e ( n az i - ) m e d i c al u n i v e rsity ' s au th ori t i e s
d o ctors at N u rem b erg and its proce e d i n gs i n ord e r
25 O c t . 1 9 4 6 - 2 0 A u g . 1 9 4 7 : to l i qui d a te t h e SPK :

Prof. D r . m e d . Urs Schny d e r ,

d i rector o f t h e u n i v e r s i ty ' s
h os p i tal for d erm atol ogy at
H e i d e l b e rg ( 1 9 7 2 )

D r . m e d . Helmut Kretz,
b o s s o f t h e u n i v ersity ' s
p s y c h i a t r i c p o l i c l i n ic at
H e i d e l berg ( 1 � 7 2 )

Prof. D r . m e d . H e in z Hafn e r ,
d i rector of th e h o s p ital for
s o c i al psychi atry at t h e
u n i v ersity of H e i d e l b e r g ­
M a n n h e i m ( 1 9 7 2 ; l at.er o n :
d i r e c t o r o f t h e " Zentral ­
i n s t i t u t fii r Seel i s c h e
G e s u n d h e i t " at M a n n h e i m =

ZI)

D r . m ed . O e s terre i c h , a s s i s t a n t
m e d i c al director o f the u n i ­
v ers i t y ' s p s y c h i atri c h os p i t a l
at H e i d e l berg ( 1 9 7 2 )

Prof. D r .j u r . L e fe r e n z ,
profe s s o r i n c h a i r for Law
and crimi n o l ogy at t h e U n i ­
v er s i ty of H e i d e l b erg ( 1 9 7 2 )

Prof. D r . R o l f R e n d t o rff,
again e l e c t e d r e c t or a t t h e
U n i v ersity o f H e i d e l b erg
( 1 972)

A dolf Hitler, Prof. D r . W i l h e l m Hahn ,

Flih rer a n d R e i c h s - C h an c e l l o r ; c u l t.u s - m i n i s ter of Bad e n ­
presumed d e a t h ( 1 9 4 5 ) Wurttem b erg - C D U ( 1 9 7 2 )
 165

40.) CORRESPONDENCES I I

For four ye ars ( u n t i l A u g u s t 1 9 7 1 ) the p s y c h o l o g i s t Lawrence

A. N e w berry , e n g a g e d by the Pentagon , h as studied and r e ­
s e arc h e d the " Me th o d s of I n d o ctri n a t i o n an d the Psyc h o l o gi c
T e c hn i c s " o f t h e V i e t c o n g . N e w b erry w o r k e d as a t e am - l e ade r
of the R a n d C o rporat i o n , thus of an o rganizat i o n , which has
been establis h e d o n the i n i t i a t i v e of the U . S . Air Forc e , i n
order to d o " p ure researc h " ( " Gru n d l agenfors c h un g " ) to d e v e l o p
strat e g i e s of o p p r e s s i o n agai n s t efforts an d m o v ements for
l i b e ration . B e s i d e s that N e w b erry is p s y c h o l o gist and thernfore
his m e th o d s of r e s e ar c h , of w h i ch are dete rmin e d h i s r e s u l t s ,
d e a l w i t h t h e s u bj e c t - obj e c t - re latio n , a r e lati o n , w h i c h
determ i n e s both t h e relation between p s y c h o l o g i s t a n d cliEmt as
well as i t d e termi n e s the relation betw e e n the researc h e r and
his obj e ct of r e s e arc h . Therefore the l an gu age of his rep o:rt
l a c k s any a d e q u acy to the very matter w h i c h he researc h 1� s ;
moreover h i s l angu age repre sents t h e m a n n e r of sayin g , c ommon
to a l l psych o l o g i s t s , who are e d u c at e d for brai n - w a s h i ng
( " i n d octri n ation " ) and th erefore both t h e l angu age and thE�
acti v i ty of t h e V i e t c o n g e s s en t i ally remain e x c l u d e d from b e i n g
u n d e r s t o o d by him . H e t h erefore c an ' t b u t ch aracterize th e
V i e t c on g ' s l a n g u age and activity as " th e m o s t m o d e rn
p sy c h o l o gic a n d sociol ogi c al m e th o d s " o f i n d o ctrin ation ( brain ­
w a s h i n g , p s y c h o te rror ) . T h i s enables N e w b erry to d efame the
meth o d s o f th e V i e t c o n g - as a c o n s e q u e n c e of his own
m i s u n d erstan d ings as c h aracterized - d e s p ite his effo rts to
m a s k his i n t e n t i o n behind a o s t e n s i b l y s c i e n ti fi c and n eutral
representation i n his report .

To s o m e p a s s ag e s t ak e n from the N e w b e rry report we w i l l c o n ­

front statements of the SPK i n o r d e r to giv e an impre s s i o n
a b o u t the d i fferen c e between a d efam i n g r e p o r t an d a tru e
( authenti c ) rep r e s e n tati o n .

B e c a u s e t h e auth e n t i c structure of t h e V i e t c on g ' s organizati on ,

e v e n in spite of the d i storti o n s , d o n e by N e w b erry , remains
recognizable - b e i t only for the marxist reader - there will
result from the comparis on a corresp o n d e n c e betw een the
structures of organ i zation o f the SPK and of the Vietcon g . This
follo w s from h a v i n g ap p l i e d the dialectical m e t h o d i n both
c a s e s , a c orres p o n d e n c e , which n e v erth e l e s s not only s h ou l d be
ta k e n for a simple m e c h a n i c compari s o n . For w h at the Vhit co ng
i s f o r the l eft m o v ement i n th e BRD a n d w h at t h e w ork of
the SPK i s w i t h i n this left movement f o r t h e struggle of the
 166

p e o p l e of V i e tn a m c a n ' t b e a n s w e r e d h y t h e o ri e s , h u t rat h e r
h a s to be d o n e i n a p ra c t i c a l w a y . T h e s m a s h (Zers c h l a g u n g ) o f
t h e SPK in t h e F e d eral R e p u b l i c of W e s t e rn G e r m a n y (BRD) by
v i o l e n c e o f w e a p o n s s h ow s , t h a t the c a p i ta l i s t a g e n t s h e r e w i l l
u s e t h e s am e t o o l s a g a i n s t re v o l u t i on ary m o v e m e n ts as d o e s
th e U . S . g o v ernment i n Vi e t n am , t h e g o v e rn m e n t b e i n g d et e r ­
mined by t h e p rofi t interests o f th e b i g b u s i n e s s ( Pr o fi t ­
i n t e res s e n d e r Gro�i n d u s t ri e ) . T h a t means , t h a t t h e a g e n ts and
the a d v o c at e s of c a p i t a l i s m i n the West e r n E u rope an i n d u s t r i a l
n a t i o n s w i l l n o t at a l l m e d d l e w i t h th e m e a n s of d emocracy
t a k en fo r b e i n g s u i t a b l e e l s e w h e r e , a s t h e r e a r e a r g u m e n t s a n d
s c i e n ti fi c d i s c u s s i on s , i f th e y w ill s e e t h e m s e l v e s c h a l l e n g e d by
c o n fli cts w h i c h ri s e from t h e i r a d v ersari e s , that m e a n s ( i l l )
a d v ersaries agai n s t t h i s System , w h i c h h a s d amaged them . T h e
" a d v e r s ar i e s " of th e U . S . w a r of anni h i l at i o n i n South - East
Asia m a k e use o f the " d e m o c r a t i c " fai r play i n o u r c o u n t ry ,
ex erci s i n g p e a c e fu l protest m a n i fe s t at i o n s , l i b eral p u b l i c w ork
an d b e n e fi c i a l h e l p i n g a c t i o n s ( k ari t. a t i v e H i lfs a k t i o n e n ) fo r t h e
V i e t n am p e o p l e a n d l imit t h e m s e l v e s t o activities l i k e t h os e ,
b u t q u i t e o n t h e c o n trary th e c o ll a b o rators o f t h e N o rth ­
A m e r i c a n w a r crim i n a l s in n o way th i n k of u s i n g t h e same
ru l e s if th e y are d e al i n g w i th t h e We s t ern E u ro p e an Stat.e s .

I t i s t h e q u e s t i o n , h o w l o n g the " l e ft s " o f t h i s c o u n try w i l l

c o n t i n u e d em o n s t r a ti n g b e s i d e s th e i r o w n n e e d s a n d b e s i d e s t h e
n e c e s s i t i e s of l i fe of t h e p o p u l at i o n i n Western G e r m a n y ? !
 1 67
V i e t c o n g ac c o r d i n g to Ne w b e r ry
The V i e t c o n g has w o rk e d out a
t o ta l ly n e w l an g u age about
p ol i t i c a l an d mllitary c o n c epts .
T h e c orre c t m e a n i n g s o f those
c o n c epts h a v e t o b e d i s c u s s e d
and l earnt i n th e gro u p s and i n
t h e c e l l s of t h e V i e t c o n g again
a n d a g ai n , u n t i l e a c h s o l d i e r
h as b e c o m e able t o u s e t h em
perfe ctl y a n d u n t i l t h o s e c o n -
cepts h a v e become an e s s e n t i a l
e l e m e n t of t h e i r ev ery d ay ' s
l anguage .
Tn each uni t of t h e V i e t c o n g
th e r e i s a p o li t i c a l
c a d re ,
w h o s e task i s to i n d octrinate
the s o l d i ers c o n t i n u o u s l y in
ord er t o assure t h a t their
i d e o l o g i c m e n t a l i ty c a n ' t b e
s h ak e n , t h a t t h e i r m o r a l e p e r ­
m a n e n t l y rem a i n s at a h i g h
l e v e l , that t h e i r r e l a t i o n to t h e
p e o p l e c an ' t b e d i s a r r a n g e d a n d
t h at i n t h e r i g h t m om e n t they
w i l l s u m m o n u p a " w ar s p i r i t "
as best as possi bl e .
The cadre i s t h e p r o tec t i n g
mother of t h e p arti s an s . He
detaches the tensions i n their
i n terhuman r e l ati o n s h i p s , nego ­
c i ates if there are d i ffer e n c e s
i n t h e i r o p i n i o n s and c o u n s e l s
if there are p e r s o n a l probl em s .
H e h as t o c are a b o u t t h o s e
w hom h e p r o t e c t s l i k e p a re n t s
d o for t h e i r c h i l d re n B u t
. for t h e SPK p a t i e n t s
SPK
The p a t i e n t s o f the SPK - in
their tre atment of i l l n e s s -
h av e d e v e l o p e d a total n e w
l an g u age of p o l i t i c a l an d
e c o n omi c c o n c e p ts . T h e
c orre c t. mean i n gs and t h e
c o n t. e x t a r e d e v e l op e d and
realized again and again in
the personal agi tation s ,
group agi t a t i o n s a n d i n t h e
sc ien tifi c w o r k - g r ou p s i n
order to e n a b l e ev ery pati e n t
to u s e th em a n d to applly
t h e m in a l l s i t u ati o n s .
In t h e agit.atory pract i c 1� o f
th e SPK , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e
s c i e n ti fi c w o rk - grou p s , the
patie n t s are repro d u c i n g
t h e i r p o l i t i c a l i d e n t it y based
o n c o o p e ra t i o n a n d s o l i d a ri ty
a g a i n a n d again by m e a n s o f
c o n t i n u o u s l y n e e d - orientated
p o l i t i c al work i n order to
s t a b i l i ze t h e i d e ntity o f'
n e e d s a n d p o l i t i c al w o rk .
T h e i r p o l iti c a l id e nt ity i s the
thread of l i fe (Le b e n s ­
e l e m e n t ) o f th e patients . A s
a c o l l e c t i v ely d o n e eman c i ­
p a t i o n i t i s th e d i a l e ctlc al
a b o l i t i o n ( A u fh eb u n g } of
c o n fl i c t s , w h i c h are cau sed
by m atters of competition
a n d a u th o r i ty . O n e coul d s ay :
 1 68
V i e t c o n g according to N e w b e rry
in th i s c a s e t h e " ch i l d r e n " are
fi g h t i n g a d u l t s .
D u r i n g th e i r e d u c ation t h e re ­
crui t s l e arn , t h a t t h e p ol i ti c al
p o w e r of t h e m o v e m e n t forms
t h e s u p e r i o ri ty of t h e V i e t c o n g .
They are p erman ently ask e d t o
remember i n a l l t h e i r activities
the m e a n ing ( B e d e u t u n g ) o f th e
p o l i t i c a l struggl e .
T h e p oJ i t i c al e d u c at i o n i s n e ­
c e s s ary for m any purpos e s : i n
order t o m o b i l ize th e fi gh t i n g
s p i r i t o f th e r a n k s ( M an n ­
s c h a ft e n ) , i n o r d e r t o r e l e a s e
them from t h e i r anxi ety i n
fro n t of t h e d e s t ru c t i v e v i o ­
l en c e o f mod ern w e apon s , i n
ord e r to e n c ourage t h e s o l d i e rs
to e n d u r e all s u fferi n g s s e r v i n g
to the revol u ti o n , in o r d e r t o
strengthen the morale of the
troop . T h a t m e a n s t h e V i e t c o n g ,
w h e n h e says t h at t h e p ro c e s ­
s u s o f p o l i t i c iz a t i o n i s a l l .
But i f t h e r e h as to b e a p p l i e d
forc e , regard l e s s o f the p u r ­
p os e , i t s n e c e ssi ty i s e x p l a i n e d
t o th e men by c o n v i nc i n g
SPK
th e i r p o l i t i c a l i d e n ti ty i s t h e
thread o f l i fe , l i k e i t i s t h e
womb for t h e emb ry o ; b u t i t
m a k e s a n e s s e n ti a l d i ffe r e n ­
c e , t h a t th e pati e n t s them ­
s e l v e s h a v e pr o d u c e d and
p e rm a n e n t l y reprod u c e th e i r
t h r e a d o f l i fe .
D u r i n g the p r o c e s s u s o f agi ­
tat i o n e a c h pati e n t. rea l i ze s ,
that th e d i a l e c t i c al unfo l d i ng
of t h e real i ty by m e a n s o f
t h e i r d o i n g a n d th i n k i n g i s
t h e m o s t powe rfu l po l i t i c al
w e apon i n ord er to c h ange
th e social relati o n s ( p o l i t i c al
i d e n t i ty ) .
T h e agitation o f the SPK i s
n ec e s s ary i n o r d e r t o r e l e a s e
u s a s p a t i e n ts from t h e
l am i n g an x i e t y .i n fro n t o f
th e " m o d ern " me t. h o d s o f
treatm e n t a s t h e y a r e i n t h e
establ i s h e d m e d i c i n e ( e l e c ­
trosh o c k s , p h arm a coth erapy ,
psychoterror , d e pri v a t i on o f
l i b e rty , forced w ork e tc . ) , i n
o r d e r to mobi. l i ze th e p r o ­
gre s s i v e mom e n t o f i l l n e s s ,
t h e prote s t , a n d i n o r d e r t o
turn it i n t o resistan c e .
Th e p e rm a n ently gro w i n g
e x tern c o n s t r a i n t s a n d t h e
p e rman ent ly escal ating
m e n a c e m e n t fr o m o utsi d e
 1 69
Vi etcong according to N e w berry
arguments . The people l e arns a
new vocabulary , the v o c abulary
of the revolution and therefore
fi n ally even a c itizen w i th th e
most modest d e gree of dev elop ­
ment w ill possess the mental
equipment in order to d i stribute
h i s new politi c al i d eology , but
also to defen d i t .
T h e u l timate obj e c t of this
systematic process i s the b e ­
coming i n corporated of n e w
s o c i alist n orm s by the people ,
thus that the n e w social order
by itself gets rooted i n a n d by
itself will b e c ome fruitfu l -
done by , or even w i t h o ut poli ­
tical cadres .
We have been tought to open
the eyes of the South V ietn am
people to what is reality : being
suppressed by the totalltari an
SPK
w h i c h have worked against
the SPK from its beginn i n gs
were perceived by all
pati ents quite c l e arly as th e
id entity of illness an d
capital ism .
In the scientifi c w ork -groups
in the SPK each p ati ent
could l earn the method which
w as n ecessary to agitate
each oth e r . By that the
"n atural" d i fferences in
education between work1ers
and stud ents were progre s ­
sively compensated ( aufgeho ­
ben ) , b e i n g replaced b y the
qualities of cooperation and
sol i d arity .
Consequ ently there results
from th e SPK' s w ork that
knowledge, being worked out
by the patients and th E!ir
p o l i ti cal activities related to
their n e e d s , i s spread out i n
the sense of the multi -focal
expansionism (pri n ciple
peopl e s ' univ ersity } .
T h e u l ti m ate l ook o u t cannot
be c o l l e c ti v e s , but only
t h a t c o l l ective to which
are connected and which
embraces all human beings.
In the SPK the patients have
learned that illness is the
result of the e x i sting
relation s .
 170
Vietcong a c c o rd i n g to N e w b e r r y
system ( r e gi m e ) t h e m o s t of t h e
Vi e tn a m e s l i v e i n poverty a n d
m i s e ry . T h e A m e r i c a n s h a v e
c o m e t o r e p l a c e t h e French
i mp e ri a l i s t s . I f th e y w o u l dn ' t
h a v e c o m e h ere , th e re w o u l d n ' t
h av e b e e n a w a r , n o c o r r u p t i on .
The A m e ri cans w h o br o u g h t
their m o n e y in o u r coun try
u s e d it in o r d e r to b ri b e th e
p e o pl e . B e c a u s e t h e p e o p l e i s
p o o r t h e y s urel y h a d t o s e l l
t h e i r l i v e s t o t h e A m e ri c an s .
T h e V i e t c o n g struggl e s fo r
h o n o u r a n d l i b erty , n o t for
m o n ey .
The p e o p l e ' s army stru ggl es in
order to return to the p e o 15 l e
i t s r i g h ts , to a b o l i s h the r i ch
SPK
T h e A m e ri c a n s c ame 1 9 4 5 ,
t o r epl ac e the N a zi s . T h e
A m e r i c a n s h a v e c arri e d w i t h
t h e m th e i r m o n e y ( M ars h al l ­
p l an , i n v e s tmen t o f c a pi tal )
t o b u y the l ab o u r fo rce o f
th e G e r m a n p op u l atio n . To
those A m eri c a n s the fu n c ­
tion ari e s o f the Nazi - system
w h o u n t i l now a n d w i th o u t
b e i n g d i m i n i s h e d are present
i n t h e i n d u s try a n d i n the
a d m i n i s trat i on w e r e r a t h e r
g o o d h e l p e r s a n d ag e n t s ,
w h i c h w e r e able to g e rm a n i z e
( g e rma n i s i e r e n ) t h e c a p i t a l i s t.
w a r of c om pe t i t i on a n d s u b ­
m i s s i on mad e by th e A m e ri ­
c a n s i n E u r o p e - q u it e i n
correspond e n c e to t h e i r
s tr i v i n gfor v i et n am iz a t i o n o f
t h e i m p e r i a l i s t c l a s s w ar
done by th e A m e r i c a n m o n o ­
p o l s o f th e w a r - , o i l - , e l e c ­
tro n i c - a n d c h e m i s try i n d u ­
stry i n s e r t e d a g a i n s t t h e
V i e t n am e s e p o p u l a ti o n .
I n th e a g i t a t i on o f t h e
SPK
there w as worked i n o r d e r to
l i b e r a t e the c o n s c i o u s n e s s of
hu m a n b e i n g s f r o m t h e ru l e r ­
sh i p of t h e e x c h an ge v a l u e
(Befre i u n g v o n d e r H e rr s c h a ft
d e s Tau s c h w erts ) .
The pati ents o f the S P K , by
s e l f- d e fen c e , h av e r e l e a s e d
them s e l v es from t h e i r tot a l
 171
V i e t c o n g a c c o r d i n g t o N e w b e rry
---·----- ---------·
p e rs o n s in o r d e r to g i v e fre e ­
d o m , l i b e rty a n d i n d e p e n den c e
to e v e ry b o d y .
An i n c r e d i b l e l o t of t i m e and
e n e rgy was used t o fin d the
argu m e n ts w h i c h s e em e d the
best to m o b i l i z e the p e o pl e .
T h e y preferred t h e pe r s o n al
c o n t a c t from person t o p e r s o n
( v o n M a n n zu M a n n ) t o gi v e
i n form a t i o n s i n stead o f w r i t t e n
, stract b o o k - k n o w l e d g e , b u t
d o w n t e x ts .
A g a i n s t. t h e i rre s o l u t.i o n o f
v i l lage i n h ab i t a n t s t h e y u s e
s o c i al pressure . I f a l o t o f
v i l l age i n h ab i t. a n t s " sho w e n ­
t h u s i as m " ( " b egeistert zei gen " )
fo r t h e o n e o r fo r t h e oth e r
m a t te r , there i s caused a fee l ­
i n g g u i l ty i n oth e r s ; b e c a u s e
those i n d e c i s i v e p e o p l e s e e m ­
i n gly w i l l d r a w a d v antages from
the rev o l ut i o n , b u t w i t h o u t
d oi n g someth i n g for i t .
Regard l e s s o f h i s p e r h a p s b e i n g
p o or and u n e d u c at e d e a c h
n ative o f V i e t n a m k n o w s h o w
t h e Frenchmen h av e gov e r n e d
SPK
l a c k o f r i ghts , they strugg l e
for t h e i r l i b e ra t i o n .
In the a c ti v i t i e s of SPK t h e
n e e d s of ev ery person w ere
o f c e n tral imp ortance : the
n e e d s w e re starti n g poi n ts
a n d m o t o r s o f a gi t a t io n I n.
t h e s c i e n ti fi c w o rk - gro u p s
th e y d i d n ' t care a b o u t a b ­
r a t. h e r h o w t o p r o d u c e a r e ­
fer e n c e b e t w e e n t h e written
o n the o n e hand a n d t h e
n e e d s o f certain p a ti en ts o n
t h e other ( a n d abou t U1 e re ­
fere n c e s o f the SPK as a
whole ) .
Some p a ti e n t s e x p e ri e n c e d
f e e l i n gs o f b e i n g gu i l ty
( Sch ul d g e fi.i h l e ) , i f they o n
t h e o n e h a n d r e g a rd i n g
" t h e i r " i ll n e s s m a d e a t t. 1�m p t s
to d ra w a d v a n tages fr om
o t h e r p a t i e n t s i n t h e SPK ,
w h i c h w o r k e d togeth e r w i th
them , b u t on the oth er h a n d
i n th eir o p i n i o n they t h em ­
s e l v e s d i d n t apply en o u g h
'
t i m e a n d e n e rgy to th e
w o r k i n g t o g et h er .
Re g a rd l e s s of their b e i n g
y o u n g o r u n e d u c ated many
G e rm a n s kn o w about th•�
N a z i s w h i c h h a v e go v e r n e d
 17 2

Vi e t c o n g a c c o r d i n g to N e w b erry SPK

his l a n d and e x p l o i t e d th e th e l a n d and s e n t. th e p e o p l e

peop l e . Now in t h e e ye s o f t h e t o t h e b a t t l e fi e l d s a nrl t o
A s i a n t h e A m e r i c a n s e x a c tl y
ad ay s t h e " n e w " m a s ters
th e g a z - c h am b e r s . R u t n o w ­
look l i k e th e Fren c h , an d
t h e refore a Vi e t n a m p e a s a n t ( H e r r e n ) d o n ' t a n y m o re
believes i mm e d i a te l y th a t i t i s a p pear being d re s s e d b y S A ­
tru e , i f s o m e b o d y t e l l s h i m , a n d S S - u n i fo rm s , h u t m a s k e d
that the A m e r i c a n s a r e j u s t. t h e by fa s h i o n a b l e s u i t s , and
same b a r b a ri a n s like the b e c a u s e of t h a t m a n y G e r m a n
Fren c h . p e o p l e h a v e s o m e d i ffi c u l t i e s
to realize t h a t the h e l pe rs
a n d th e a g e n t s of c a p i t a l i s m
fr o m n o w ad ay s are e x e r c i s i n g
j u st the s a m e ov erkl l l (ex­
p l o i t a t io n = r e t a r d e d d e ­
stru c t i o n o f l i fe = K ra n k h'e i t)
by m o r e s o p h i s t i c a t e d
m e t. h o d s (mi t s u b t i l e r e n
M e t h o d e n ) t h a n t h e i r 1i r e d e ­
c e s s o rs in u n i fo rm s . B u t i f a

p e rm a n e n t gr o w i n g gro u p g e t s
aware o f th a t and begins to
fi g h t a g a i n s t i t , t h e n of
c o u r s e fo r t h e von R a e y (� r ,
O e s t e r re i c h , S c h n y d e r a n d
H a lt n ( t h e m a i n e n emi es of
the S P K a t th o s e times ) re ­
m a i n s c l e arly n o th i n g b u t to
i n s e rt a h e a v i l y a rm e d pol i ce
a rm y a g a i n s t t h o s e p at i e n t s
a n d t o i m p r i s o n th e m b e c a u s e
of d ange r of s u p p re s s i on o f
e v i d e n c e ( = d a n g e r o f b ri n g ­
i n g to ev i d en c e = A uf­
h e ll u n g s gefah r ) .

T h e Vi e t n am s d i d n o t g e t m a n y The sick on e i s totally d e ­

d e m ocr a t i c r i g h ts
and l i b e r t i e s . pri v e d o f r i g h t s . Th e re fo r e i t
T h e refore it i s n o n s e n s e t o is nonsense to suppose , that
suppose that t h e Amercians t h e m e d i c a l m e n a n d th e
 173
V i et c on g ac c ord i n g t o N e w b erry
s h o u l d h a v e come in order to
protect someth i n g , w h i c h for
the common c i t i z e n d o e s n ' t
exist.
N o b o d y c om e s from 2 0 0 0 0 k m
d i stan c e , n o b o d y s p e n d s ev e ry
year b i l l i o n s o f d o l l ars , n o b o d y
w i l l sacrify t h o u s a n d s a n d
t h o u s a n d s o f l i v e s o f the y o u t h
f o r someth i n g , t h a t d o e s n ' t
e x i s t i n t h e e y e s of t h e V i e t ­
n am e s e s . T h e re fore t h e r e m u s t
e x i s t other reason s .
N e arly all V i e t.n am e s e s , w h o
c a m e together w i t h Ameri c a n s
h av e m a d e b a d e x periences by
realizing that t h e V i e t n am e s e s
w ere submitte d , h u r t an d k i l l e d
by t h e strange i n v ad ers ,
c ommonly b e c au s e of n o t h i n g
b u t t h e i r s a d i s t i c p l easure .
SPK
j u d ge s w o u l d protect or re­
pair any h e al t h o r i n v u l ­
n er ab i l i ty , w h i c h e v e n
d o e sn ' t e x i s t for t h e prol e ­
tari ans d e termi n e d b y i ll n e s s .
N o b o d y spen d s e v ery year
more than 8 0 b i l l i o n s DM
( b u d g e t o f t h e s o c i al i n ­
s u ran c e s 1 9 6 9 ) , n o bo dy i n ­
serts a n army o f m e d i c a l men
and nurses for a h e alth ,
w h i ch i n d e e d d o e s n ' t exist,
e x c e p t for o n l y a few c ap i ­
talists at t h e e x p e n s e of
m i l l i o n s a n d m i l l i o n s of i l l ,
suppressed an d exploited
proletari a n s . There m u s t
therefore e x i s t another
reason.
Almost all ill persons , who
m e t m e d i c al m e n ( e s p e c i al ly
" c o n fi d e nt i al
" - " V e r tr a u e n s
. "
·- p hy s i c i an s , Amts - mE� d i c al
offi c ers , i n d u strial - W e r k s -
phys i c i a n s a n d h o s pital d o c ­
tors ) h a d m a d e b a d e x p e ­
r i e n c e s by r e a l i z i n g how
patients w e re submitted ( l a ­
b e l l e d b y d i a gno s es , p u t u n ­
d e r tu te l age ) , hurt ( o perate d ,
i nj e cte d , s h o e k e d , amput ate d ,
impoi s o n e d by p i l l s ) or were
k i l l e d (malpraetice -
" K u n s t " fe h l e r , refu s e d aid -
u n t e r l a s s e n e Hi lfe le i s tu n g
e tc . ) , c o m m o n l y e a u s e d by
 1 74
V i e t c o n g a c c ordi n g to N e w b e rr y
He who i s i n fe ar i s watchfu l
a n d d o e s n ' t b e c o m e v i ctim o f
an attempt v ery e a s il y .
U n fortun a t e l y this an x i ety
m a k e s the A m e ri can s o l d i ers
more j oyful to shoot; they
prefe r t o s h o o t i n s tead of
as k in g questions.
SPK
n o t h i n g hut by " s c i en t i fi c "
intere s t .
He w h o i s i n fe a r i s w a t c h fu l
a n d d o es n ' t b e c om e v i c t i m o f
a n attempt v ery e a s i l y .
T h e an x i ety of the r u l ers
(thus t h e i r p e r s e c u t i o n
" m an i a " - V e rfo l gu n gs " w ahn " )
i s the t h o ro ugh l y r e a l i t y ­
a d e qu a t e r e a c t i o n to t h e
l a t e n t a n d p erm an ent l y b y
fo r c e b e i n g s u p p r e s s e d p o w e r
of a collectively and soli ­
d ari l y ac ti n g p o p u l a t i on ; for
the a n x i ety o f th e rul ers ,
" t h e i r t h o u s a n d fo l d a n x i ety
i s t h o u s a n d fo l d l y w at c h e d " -
" i h r e t a u s e n d fa c h e A n g s t
w i rd t a u s e n d fa c h h e w ac h t . " -
O n l y a s h o r t t i m e ago i t
b e c am e e v i d e n t , th a t th e
German pol ice in their
paran oi d - h ysteri c i s s u e s o f
p e rs e c u t i o n agai n s t i l l p e o p l e
ri gorou s l y a n d " s u c c e s s fu l l y "
u s e s t h e i r fi rearm s : B e n n o
O h n e s o rg, Georg v o n R a u ch -
B e rl i n , P e t r a S c h e l m -
H am bu rg ; T h o m a s W e i l3 b ec k e r
- A u gs b u rg ; R i c h a r d E p p l e -
Tti b i ngen ; Ian M c L e o d -
Stuttgart ; R . Sc h re c k ( E a s t e r
1 9 6 8 ) , A l o i s Ramrn e l m e i e r ,
Ingrid Reppe! - Munich ;
m o p e d ri d ers , car d ri v e rs ,
s o - c a l l e d cri m i n a l s ; c o l d ­
b l o o d e d s h o o t i n g s ag a i n s t
 175
V i e t c o n g a c c o rd i n g t o N e w b e rry
They e n c ourage each recru i t t o
ask quest.ion s , regard l e s s i f
they s e e m ri d i cu l ou s . Th o s e
d i s c u s s i o n s on t h e l e v e l of t h e
c e l l s p r o b a b l y are t h e m o s t
pru d e n t a n d t h e m o s t e ffi c i e n t.
m e t h o d s of l e arn ing i n t h e
p e d agogic ars e n a l o f the V i e t ­
c o n g . M o s t o f t h e recruits
formerly h ad never spoken to a
great group o f p erson s i n t h e i r
l i fe ; therefore they a r e timi d .
M o s t o f them c o m e from the
mo s t s i m p l e ( a l l e r e i n fach sten )
e n v i ronment and are from a
n arrow c u ltural an d p o l i t i c a l
l e v e l , s o t h a t t h ey d o n ' t l i k e
to e x p r e s s t h e m s e l v e s i n fro n t
o f a great gro u p b e c a u s e of
a n x i e ty t o b e b l am e d . B u t i t i s
for them t h u s m u c h e a s i e r to
express t h e i r opinion w i th i n a
group of 3 p e r s on s , fi r s t of a l l ,
i f t h e 2 other p e rs o n s w ork t o ­
g e t h e r w i th th em at d ay a n d
n i g h t . A s s o o n as the n e w c omer
b e g i n s to fe e l better i n t h e
d i s c u ssion of h i s c e l l a n d fee l s
somewhat surer, h e easier will
begin to t a l k i n h i s group .
Later on he h a s to d efen d h i s
p o i n t o f v i e w in h i s platoon
and fin a l l y he will e x p l a i n his
opinion to 3 0 0 or 4 0 0 p u p i l s .
SPK
h o stages a n d P a l e st i n i a n
l i beration fi ghters at t h e
Olympic Games 1 9 7 2 i n
M u n i ch .
In t h e personal agitation
( E i n z e l agitat.i o n ) fi rst of a l l
there i s d e a l t w i th the d i ffi ­
c u l t i e s , w i t h the symptoms o f
a patien t , regar d l e s s h ow
ri d i culou s they m ay s e e m to
h i m , a n d regardl e s s of the
fee l i n g g u i l ty , h e combines to
h i s c o n fl i cts , since h e fi rstly
has tri e d to get along with
those confl i cts a n d fe e l i ngs .
Tn th e p e r s o n al agitation
those who t a k e part also w i l l
e x p e r i e n c e togeth er the b e i n g
c o n d i t i o n e d by s o c i a l r1� l a ­
t i o n s , e s p e c i a l ly o f t h o s e
a c t u a l p r o b l e m s getting
effe c t i v e d u ri n g agitati o n .
A n d so th e patients w i l l
e x p e r i e n c e b e i n g s o c i ally
determi n e d both th ose p ro b ­
l e m s a n d moreover i l l r n� s s at.
a l l . T h e b e i n g b l o c k e d to
e x p r e s s s o m e th i n g by u si n g
w o r d s i s reali zed an d s h al l
b e d i m i n i s h e d i n fav our of
l i berati n g th e protest w h ic h
i l l n e s s conta i n s . Soon or l a ­
t e r there w i l l d i s ap p e ar t h e
a n x i ety of b e i n g b l amed b e ­
c a u s e the n ex t step will li e
d on e .in t h e group agitation
( A gi t ati o n s gru p p e n ) and l a ter
o n i n the s c i e n tific w ork
grou p s .
 176

V i e t c o n g a c c ord i n g to N e w b e rry SPK

------------·-·--· ----

F i n a l l y more a n d m o re
p a t i e n t s b e c ome a b l e to e x ­
press t h e i r o p i n i o n i n fro n t
of hun dreds of persons who
t a k e part i n th e t e a c h - i n s
a n d al s o for e x ampl e they
w i l l b e a b l e to express th e i r
arguments a g a i n s t th e r e ­
presen tati v e s o f the u n i v e r ­
s i ty ( re c t o r , sen ators , e tc . )
v ery re s o l u t ely and i t
d o e s n ' t m a tter at all , t h a t
t h e representat i v e s o f the
u n i v ers i ty are apparently
u n a bl e to get along with the
arguments t h e y are c o n fro n ­
t e d w.ith . Then th ey v e ry
h e l p l e s s l y try to rej e c t t h o s e
a rg u m e n ts d e fen d i n g them ­
s e l v e s by s ay i n g fo r e x am p l e :
" Y o u d i d n ' t t a k e p art i n t h e
SPK from the b e g i n n i n g an d
therefore y o u can ' t h a v e a n y
i d e a at all . " ( re c tor
Ren d t orff) ; " O u r p atients
behave like pati e n t s i n d e e d ,
b u t q u i t e o n t h e c o n t rary
y o u yo urs e l f are abl e to
speak and i n a d d i t i o n y o u
also are qu i c k a t reparte e "
( v . B a e y e r , c h i ef- psych ­
iatris t ) ; or sim ply " c rimi n al
c o n s p i r a c y " - " V erbre c h e r ­
b an d e " - ( Le fe re n z , h e a d ­
master of t h e institute for
fo re n s i c p s y c h i atry ) .

T h e y take care th at none of If a pati e n t d e r i s i v e l y l a u g h s

t h e c o n c e r n e d recruits c a n be at a n o t h e r pati e n t or i f h e
h u m b l e d ; they p u n i s h th e d i s regard s th e b e h a v i o u r or
 177
Vietcong acco rd i n g to New b e rry
person w h o laughs at the ot h e r ;
but never that one is punished
w h o m a k e s a faul t .
It also b e long s to t h e learning
meth o d , that the s u p e r v i s o r
a l w a y s h a s to e x p l ai n an d to
unfold both s i d e s of an obj e c t :
b o t h t h e p o i n t of view of the
l i b e ration fro n t and the point
of v i e w o f the enemy . The s u ­
pervisor " immu n i z e s " ( " i m m u n i ­
s i e rt " ) the recruits against the
h ostile arguments to which they
could perhaps b e c o n fr on t e d
l ater on . By collecting th e
arguments of the enemy , the
arguments b e i n g ::rn a l y z e d by
the recru i t s t h e m s e l v e s ( s u p ­
p orted by t h e s u p ervisor) i n
ord e r t o fal s i fi c at e the a r ­
guments , the recruits w i l l
d e v e l o p a m e n t a l i ty ( E i n ­
ste l l u n g ) by w h i c h opposite
arguments automati cally are
rej e c t e d a n d fin ally each
argument a gain s t the Vietcon g ' s
opinion i s rej ected promptl y ,
w h atever i t w o u l d b e . This
me t h o d i s successful i n n e arly
every case and the recruits
become dogmatic to an exten d ,
that i n future they w o n ' t
accept a n y argument against
the d octrin e of their ideology ,
h o w c o n v i n c i n g or h o w reason ­
able the opposite argument ever
SPK
th e ex p ressio n s o f th e l atter,
both th e s e reacti o n s an d
th e i r cause h av e to be obj e c t
of g r o u p a g i t a t i o n togeth er
w i th t h e group member i n ­
v o lv e d .
Practising t h e i r daily agi ­
tati on , t h e pati ents h av e
l e a rn e d by M a r x and Hegel ,
that to e a c h m atter of fact
there are belonging two
s i d e s : a progr e s s i v e and a
reaction ary o n e . But they
also experienc e d , that b e i n g
i n a s o c i e ty ( <l as g e s e l l ­
sch aftl i c h e Sei n ) o f th e
p e r s o n s d etermi n e s their
c o n s c i o u s n e s s , and that in
e v e ry case o f an argument
the question is to b e asked :
w h a t ls the s o c i a l interest
and w h at are the n ee d s to
which t h i s argu m e n t may
serv e , an d that. the s o -- c a l l e d
s o u n d a n d h e althy c ommon
s e n s e , b e i n g acquired by th e
tra i n i n g of e d u c ation n o r ­
m a l l y w o rk s i n favour of t h e
i n terests o f the rulers
against on e s o w n needs . By
'
e x p e ri e n c e s l i k e those th e
pati e nts h av e b e com e sens i ­
tized t o a h i gh d e gree
agai n s t s o - c a l l e d reasonab l e
arguments . O u r p o lic y was
a l w ay s a s s o c i ated to p1· 0 -
p erti e s , by w hi c h the d i s ­
c u s s i o n w i th th e oppos ite
s i d e fi n a l l y e v o k e d the
 178
V i e t c o n g a c c o r d i n g t o N e w b e rry
s h o u l d be .
There e x i s t s a n o th e r p o i n t i n
t h e politi c al a n d 1 d e ol o g i c
preparat l o n o f t h e s o l d i e rs
b e fore t h e i r fi gh t and t h i s
point is perhaps the most
u n c om m o n o n e . If t h ey w o rk o u t
t h e p l a n o f a fi ght by d i s ­
c u s s i o n , t h e c a d r e s ask t h e
s o l d iers t o e x p r e s s t h e i r pro ­
p o s al s i n o r d e r to improve the
p l a n of attack an d t o get y e t
b e t t e r c h a n c e s to w i n t h e fi g h t .
I n o u r o w n l a n d y o u n e arly
c a n ' t imagi n e , that an o ffi c e r
w i l l a l l o w to a s i m p l e s o l d i e r ,
to join the discussion and to
join the decisions about the
s t r a t e g i c a n d tactical p l an n i n g s
of a war e x p e d i tion . But t h i s
SPK
q u e s t i o n of p o w e r ( M a c h t ­
fr age ) by i t s e l f, t h a t i s t o
s a y , t h a t ostensibly reason ­
a b l e propositi o n s of o u r ad ­
v e rsari e s v e ry promptly w ere
u n m a s k e d as being n o t h i n g
hut attempted e x t o rti o n s a n d
tri c k s ( S c h a.chziige ) w i t h in
th e d e s tru c t i v e strategy o f
t h o s e w h o for th ems e l v e s are
c l ai m i n g the m o n o p o l y o f
p o w e r ( M ac h tm o n o p o l ) . I n
t h a t w ay it c o u l d h e
ach i e v e d a l s o a h i gh d e g r e e
o f i mm u n i zation o f t h e
p a t i e n t s a g a i n s t th e p l u m p
attempts o f c o rrupti o n s o f
t h o s e w h o repre s e n t t h e
r u l i n g i d e o l ogy o f d e s tru cti o n
and the r u l i n g e c o n o my o f
murder.
T o the m e d i c a l e n emies o f
th e S P K i t s e e m e d to be u n ­
comm o n , u n imagi n a b l e , " i r ­
respon sibl e " , th at th e treat ­
m e n t (th erapy) w a s s o c i ali ­
zed . In o u r l an d i t c an ' t b e
allo w e d , t h a t pati ents t h e m ­
s e l v e s s h o u l d d e termi n e an d
fo rm t h e i r treatm e n t s them ­
s e l v e s . Wel l protected profi t
intere s t s , and e v e n t h e
w h o l e o f the e x i s t i n g s o c i al
r e l a t i o n s by that are
atta c k e d an d m e n a c e d .
The refore s o c i a l i s t pat i e n ts
are " w i l d - growth (Wil d w u c h s )
w h i c h c an ' t b e tol erated any
l o n ge r a n d m u s t be e l i m i n a ­
t e d as s o o n as p o s s i b l e a n d
 179
V i e t c o n g a c c o r d i n g t o N e w b e rry
m e th o d in t h e c a s e of t h e
V i e t c o n g fu lfi l s a c ar e fu l l y
c al c u l at e d p u rp o s e . I t a gr e e s t o
th e d o g m a o f t h e V i e tc o n g t h a t
, w u c h s , d e r n ich t Hinger
a l l p e r s o n s ( M e n s c h en ) are
e qu a l , r e g a r d l e s s of t h e i r rank
a n d statu s .
T h e p o l i ti c al i d e o l o gy o f the
re v o l u t i o n ary l i b e rati o n fro n t ,
be i n g a s p e c i a l combi n ati on of
political p hil o sop hy and e x ­
p e r i e n c e s t a k e n from l i t e rature
of d i ffe r e n t n at i o n s was re ­
p l a c i n g the r e l i gi o n of t h e
p e o p l e by a n d by .
SPK
by all m e a n s a v a i l a b l e "
( c u l t.u s - m i n i s te r H ah n ,
9 Nov ember 1 9 7 0 - "Wil d ­
ge d u l d e t w er d e n k an n u n d
s c h l e u n l gst mit allen zur
V e rfli g u n g s t e h e n d e n M i t t e l n
b e s e i tigt w e r d e n m u� " ) .
H a l f a y e a r l ater th ere
fo l l o w e d t h e o r d e r e d J' ai d s
a n d d e t e n t i o n s by t h e p o l i c e .
T h i s m e t h o d agrees w i th th e
d og m a of t h e a g en ts of c a p i ­
tal i s m , th a t. t h e J' e a l w ays
must c o n t i n u e t o e x i s t e x ­
p l o i t e rs a n d e x p l o i t e d p e r ­
s o n s , r e g ar d l e s s o f t h e l o s s
o f m e n a n d li v e s an d s o o n ,
for a l l e t e rn i t y - am e n .
Th e p o l i t i c a l a c ti v i t y o f t h e
b e i n g d e t e rm i n e d by th e
n e e d s of th e p a t i e n ts an d
SPK,
n o u r i s h e d by t h e k n ow l e d g e
of H e gel , Marx , W . R e i d1 an d
m a n y o t h e rs , r e p re s e n t e d fo r
t h e p a t i e n t s th e a b o l i t i o n o f
th e i r sy s te m at i c al l y h a v i n g
been m a d e s t u p i d by the
i d e o l ogy a n d by t h e r e a s o n ­
ab i l i ty o f c a p i ta l i s m
.
 1 83

NOTES

( 1) N o s o l o gy = d e s c r i p t i o n of p h e n o m e n a , d o n e i n a
m e c h a n i s t i c w ay .

( l a) I t i s b e c au s e of an agitative i n t e n ti o n , if i n t h i s text
for agitation the w o r d s " d i a l e c t i c s " a n d " d i al e c ti c al "
are u s e d t h a t oft e n : t h e s e w o r d s s h o u l d b e u n d erstood
a s a c h a l l e n ge to pro d u c e t h o s e c o n d i ti on s , in
which t h e i r p erman entl y being appl i e d a s an aid f o r
t h e h u m an n e e d s firstly c an b e come a reality , a u s e
w h i c h h as t o b e d o n e by i n t e n s i v e s t u d i e s c l o s e t o
practical matter, the dialectics of Hegel and the
P o l i t i c a l E c on omy b o t h c o m p l e m e n t ary to e a c h o t h e r :
t h e realm o f d i a l e ctics is t h e r e v o l u t i o n i n p e rma ne n ­
c e ! A s w e l l em p h a s i z i n g o f d i a l e c t i c s a n d inform i n g
a g a i n s t ( D en u nzi ation ) s c i e n c e , w h i c h as a w h o l e i s
i n fe c t e d as a ru l i n g s c i e n c e by t h e b a c i l l u s of pos iti ­
v i sm , s h oul d w ork as a r a d i c al c ri t i q u e agai n s t this
science i n order to b e c o m e t h e g e rm o f i t s overc omi n g
a n d a b o l i t i o n ( = s o c i a l i zi n g ) .
If w e again a n d again are a s k e d w h e t h e r it shoul d b e
n e c e s s ary t o s t u d y H e g e l at all , w e h a v e t o c a l l
atte n t i o n to the fac t , t h a t e v ery u n d e rstan d i n g of
M arx rem a i n s s u perfi c i al , e x c ep t i f it h a s b e e n re• ­
alize d , t h at it w a s H e ge l , w h o h a s d e ve lo pe d t h e
m e t h o d of d i a l e c t i c s , w h i c h h a s b e e n a p p l ie d b y
Marx . I t i s much e a s i er to l e arn d i a l e c t i c s by s t u d y i n g
t h e p h i l o s op h y of Hegel , i n s t e a d of p i c k i n g i t u p from
t h e t e x t s o f M arx . The c l a s s i c a u t h o r s of marx i sm
p o i n t e d that o u t again a n d again . T h u s L u k a c s wri tes
i n " T h e Y o u n g H e ge l " referring to E n ge l s : " A n d w h i l e
d u r i n g t h e l as t y e ars o f h i s l i fe h e ( E n ge l s ) w i s h e d
the y o u n g m a r x i s t s t o b e instru c t e d by studying H e g e l ,
h e a l w a y s cauti o n e d t h e m n o t t o w a s t e t i m e by c av i l l ­
i n g at or t h i n k i n g t o o l o n g about t h e c o n s t ru c t i o n s o f
H e ge l , b u t to b e v e ry atten tiv e w h ere Hegel corrE!ctly
d e v e l o p s a tru e d i a l e c t i c a l pro c e e d i n g . The fi rst sh o u l d
b e e asily d on e , . . . b u t t h e l atter s h o u l d b e a n impor ­
tant fi n d i n g fo r e a c h marx i s t . " T h u s t h e matter n e v e r
c a n r e s t t h e r e to l o ok d o w n on He g e l a n d to p u t h i m
a s i d e a s a n i d e al i s t , j u s t l i k e many l e fty gro ups u s e t o
d o . The m o s t fru i tful m e t h o d t h erefore i s , to t a k H a s
 1 84

an e x a m p l e t h e c l a s s .i.c s o f rn a rx i s rn a n d to r e a d M a r x
u s i n g t h e glasses of H e g e l and to read H e g e l t h r o u g h
t h e glasses of marxi sm . M a r x h i m s e l f h as w r i tten i n
" T h e H o l y Famil y " : " B u t t h e n H e g e l w i th i n his specu ­
l a t i v e e x p l a n ati o n s v e ry o ft e n g i v e s a tru e r e p r e s e n ­
tation of h o w t h e o bj e c t i s to h e g ra s p e d as a whole
a n d at a l l . T h i s t r u e e x p l a n a t i on w i t h i n th e s p e c u l a ­
t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t c a n m i s l e a d t h e r e a d e r to t a k e t h e
s p e c u l a t i v e e x p l a n a t i o n fo r r e a l and the real exp l a ­
n ati o n for b e i n g o n l y s p e c u l a ti v e . " I n t h e s c i e n t i fi c
w o rk - g r o u p s (lf t h e S P K H e e e l ' s d i al e c t i c s w e re s t u d i e d
i n t e n s i v e ly a n d c l o s e to p ra c t i c a l m a t t e r s . A s a n
e x am p l e , w h e n r e a d i n g Hegel ' s " Ph e n om e n o l o e y o f
Spiri t" th e p r o c e d u re w a s a p p r o x i m ate l y
a s fo ll o w s :

aft.er r e a d i n g t o g e t h e r a s e c ti o n o f t h i s b o o k ( o n e o f
t h e p ati e n ts r e a d o u t l o u d , t h e others l i stened w h i l e
r e a d i n g t h e s a m e s e c ti o n ) w e tri e d t o g e t h e r t o fi n d t h e
c o n n e c ti o n b e t w e e n t h e c o n t e n ts o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h o n
t h e o n e h an d , a n d b e t w e e n t h e a c t u a l s i t u a t i o n o f
needs in t h e c o l l e c t i v e o n t h e o th e r h a n d , an d i n t h e
s a m e w a y w e tr i e d t o p ro d u c e a c o n n e c t. i o n b e t w e e n
t h e s i t u a t i o n o f a c e r t a i n p a t i e n t a n d w h a t. w a s j u s t
read to t h e m : for ex ampl e , i f t h e r e w e re p r o b l e m s w i th
t h e p l a c e of w o r k o r j u s t. i n t h e f a m i l y re l a t i o n s . T h i s
m e t h o d o f p r o c e e d i n g fi rs t l y r e s u l t e d fr om t h e fac t ,
t h a t m o s t o f t h e p a r ti c i p a n t s o f th e w o rk - gr o u p s w e r e
n o t a c c u s t o m e d at a l l to be c o n c e r n e d w i t h s c i e n ti fi c
t e x ts a n d a l s o b e c a u s e t h e re i s a s o c i a l l y c o n d i ti o n e d
" d i ffe r e n c e i n e d u cati on " ( " B i l d u n g s g e fa l l e " ) b e t w e e n
t h e s tu d e n t s o n t h e o n e h a n d a n d t h e w o rk e r s o n t h e
oth er . By t h a t w e ex p eri en c ed , th at , a ft e r h a v i n g
ov ercome t h e i n i t i al diffi c u l ti e s o f b e i n g bl ocked in
t h e i r a b i l i t i e s t o art i c u l at e t h e i r i m p r e s s i o n s s t a rt i n g
from t h e t e x t , j u s t t h o s e p a r t i c i p an t s w h o , a c c o r d i n g t o
t h e c o n v e n ti o n a l a n d o u t d a t e d s c a l e o f c l a s s i fy i n g t h e
" e d u c a t i o n a l l e v e l " ( " B i l d u n g s g e fli l l e " ) w e r e o n t h e
l o w e r e n d , w e r e t h e o n e s w h o p ro d u c e d the most fru i t ­
fu l a n d a d v a n d n g commen ts i n t h e discussion , whi le
m a n y of t h o s e w h o w e r e s t u d e n t s h a d a s t r o n g t e n d en ­
cy to p r e s e n t an i n t e r p r e t a t i o n w h i c h fo l l o w e d o n l y t h e
a c a d emi c a l l y r e q u i r e d s t e p s c o m b i n e d w i t h t h e c o n ­
s t r a i n t to p r e s e n t n o t h i n g h u t t h a t " k n o w l e d ge " fo r
w h i c h t h e y h a d b e e n t r a i n e d u n t i l t h e y c a m e to a d e a d
s t o p J u s t. t h o s e fi x a t i o n s , b e i n g c a u s e d by an o r i e n t a ­
.

tion tied to th e s o c i a l s tru c t u r e s o f c o n s u m i n g a n d

b e l i e v i n g i n a u t h o ri t i e s , c o u l d be w o r k e d o u t a n d
o v e r c o m e i n t h e s c i e n t i fi c w o rk - grou p s i n w h i ch w e
d e a l t w i th s c i e n t i fi c m a t t e rs a l w ays c l o s e t o practical
 1 85

q u e s t i o n s and w h i c h s t o o d i n con n e c t i o n w i th the

p e r s o n a l and gro u p a g i t a t i o n s . T h i s al l th e more a s
e s p e c i a l l y the " P h e n o m e n o l o gy of Spi r i t " offe rs i n e a c h
of i t s s e c t i o n s superab u n d an t e x am p l e s t h e r e fo r ( s u p ­
p r e s s i o n a n d serv i t u d e ! ) .
In th e b e gi n n i n g there h ad b e e n a p l an to p r e s e n t o n l y
th o s e c o n t e n t s to the c o l l e ct i v e fo r d i s c u s s i o n , w h i c h
a c c o r d i n g to the o p i n i o n o f a n y b o d y i n the c o l l e c t i v e
w e re c o m p l etel y i n c ompreh e n s i bl e . Th i s c h al l e n g e h ad
b e e n c a u s e d by the c o n c rete s i tu at i o n of n e e d , w h i c h
a g a i n and agai n h a d b e e n e x pressed i n th e pers o n a l
agi tati o n : We h av e read a l ot of M a r x etc . hut n e v e r ­
t h e l e s s w e c an ' t get a l o n g w i th th e d i al e c t i c s a n d
t h e r e fore o u r u n d erstan d i n g of M a r x a l s o r e m ai n s i n ­
complete . - Then a l s o r e a d H e ge l . - For h e a v e n ' s s ak e ,
t h i s g u y for sure i s i d e a l i s t a n d c a n ' t b e u n d erstood
at all - a n d all th e w o rs e : S c h o p e n h a u e r , w h o n e v e r
co u l d be i m p r e s s e d e x c e p t b y t h o s e w h o w e re p o s i t i ­
v i st s , w a s s e r i o u s l y c o n v i n c: e d , that anyb o d y w h o has
at h i s d i sp o s al e v e n a tiny amo u n t o f s o u n d c ommon
sense easily could b e tu rn e d into a completely s t u p i d
person , i f somebody l e a d h im t o an intense stu d y i n g o f
H e ge l . - Now , j u st c on c e r n i n g o u r se l v e s there i s n o
d an ger - O . k . f o r i n any case there i s n o d o ubt that
.

for Marx , Lenin and M a o read i n g H e ge l d o e s n ' t s e 1�m to

h av e produced any d amage for t h e i r m e n tal h e a l t h . . .

B e s i d e s we h a d b e s t r e a s o n s to b e l i e v e in t h e c n! a t i v e
p o w er of t h e n egat i v e ( s c h opferi s c h e Kraft d e s N e g a ­
tiv e n ) o r i n w h at e l s e ?
T h i r d l y t h e r e s h o u l d h av e rem a i n e d to u s - presup p o s ­
i n g t h e w orst of a l l p o s s i b i l i t i e s - to e x p e r i e n c e by
the help o f the text our personall y b e in g w r e c k e d by
the text a s som eth i n g w h i c h was reasonable for the
c o l l e ct i v e a s a w h o l e and by th at we at l e as t s h o u l d
h a v e brok en t h e b a rri er betw e e n th e c o l l e c t i v e a n d ttw
p e r s o n a l c r e a t i v i ty ( P r o d u k t i v itat) .

( 2) K . M a r x , " Ec o n om i c - Ph i l o s o p h i c Manu scripts " (MEW

E B 1 , p. 5 3 6 ) .

( 3) Some quite c l e ar e x p l an ation t o th i s matter i s to be

fou n d i n A l fred S oh n - Re th e l , " In t e l l e ct u a l an d M anual
L a b o u r '' , ch apter " Re p r o d u c t i v e a n d N o n - Reprodu c t i v e
V a l u e s " , Frankfurt 1 9 7 1 , p . 1 4 4 .

( 4) K . Marx , " B a s i c Outl i n e of the Cri t i que o f P o l i t i c a l

E c o n omy " , ( EV A ) , p . 1 4 .
 1 86

( 5) D a_v i d C o o p e r , " P s y c h i a t r y a n d A n t i - P s y c h i a t ry " ,

F r a n k fu rt 1 97 1 , p. 55 .

( 6) If a w o r k e r o f n o w a d a y s v i s i t s h i s d o c t o r a n d t a l k s t o
h i m a b o u t a l o t o f s y m p t o m s ( t o s a y fe e l i n g s o f n a u ­
s e a , h e a d a ch e , fe e l i n g d i z z y e t c . ) t h e n t h e d octor d oes
a l l h e c a n t o i s o l a t e tl1 o s e s y m p t o m s from t h e i r
historic and b i o g r a p h i c c on n e c ti o n s . H e m e a s u re s th e
b l o o d p re s s u re , t h e h e a r t b e a t a n d fi n a l l y d i a g n o s e s
some " v egetati v e Dysto n i e " ( d i s t u rb a n c e of the au t o ­
n o m i c: nerv e sys t em ) ; w h a t a b o u t th e r e l a ti o n a n d t h e
s i t u a ti o nat t h e p l a c e o f w o rk a n d i n t h e f am i l y th e r e
will b e n o i n t e r e s t. , e x c e p t a s a s i d e i s s u e . T r e a t m e n t
as a b u si n e s s o f e x c h a n g e ( T a u s c h ge s c h a ft ) : the sym p ­
toms h a v e t o b e ri gge d up in such a way , t h a t they ,
as a d e m an d ( N a c h fr a g e ) , w i l l fi t to s o m e s u p p l y ( A n ­
ge b o t ) of th e m e d i c o - t e c h n i c a l p h arm a c e u t i c i n d u s t ry ,
corresp o n d i n g t o e ach oth e r .

( 7) K. Marx , " T h e Holy Family " , MEW 2

( 8) D i ffer e n t i a l e u th a n a s i a m e a n s t h e w e l l p l a n n e d ,
s y s t e m a t i c d e s t ru c t i o n of l i fe on a m a s s s c al e , w h i c h
by i ts s o p h i s t i c a l l y a n d s c i e n t i fi c ::t l l y d o n e e x e c u ti o n
e s c a p e s m o s t l y fro m b e i n g n o t i c' e d a n d real ized because
of i ts ( " s c i e n t i fi c a l l y " ) b e i n g c h o s e n o f t h o s e w h o s h a l l
be killed an d b e c a u s e o f t h e w e l l c o n t ro l l e d ( g e s t e u e r t. )
s p e e d a n d v e l o c i ty o f this p r o c- e s s o f d e s t ru c t i o n , q u i t e
s u i t a b l e t o t h e d e fi n i t i o n " d i f f e r e n t i a l
e u t h a n a s .i a " . F o r th e p a t i e n t s of t h e S P K t h e r e w e re
m a n y o c c a s i o n s t o e x p e r i e n c e the t r i al s a n d a t t e m p t s
of th i s kind of k i l l i n g h u m a n l i v e s at t h e u n i v e r s i t y ' s
p s y c hiatri c h os p i tal o f H e i d el b e rg , e s p e c i al l y b y t h e
d o c t ors v on B a e y e r , B l a n k e n b u rg a n d O e s t e r r e j c h .

( 9) W e are a w a r e , t h a t i l l n e s s e x i s t e d s i n c e l o n g ago lw ­
fore there w a s c a p i t a l i s m ( " T h e mi s (� ry i s o l d e r th a n
c a p i t. ali s m " - W. R e i c h ) . I l l n e s s r e s u l t s fr o m d o m i n a t i o n
- v i o l e n c e of m e n agai n s t m e n - a d om i n a ti o n w h i c h
starts w i t h p r i v a t e p r o p e rty .
W . R e i c h by th e r e s e a r c h e s of M a l i n o w s k i. h a s p o i n t e d
o u t t h e tran s i t i o n of t h e m a t r i a r c h a l s o c i a l o rd e r t o
th e p a tri a rc h a l o n e , t h e l at ter b e i n g based on p r i v a te
p r o p e rty ( W . R e i c h " T h e I n v a s i o n o f C o m p ul s ory S e x ­
M o ra l i t y " - " D e r E i n b ru c h d e r S e x u almo r al " ) . I n th i s
b o o k W . R e i c h e x p l a i n s c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y h o w t h e r e w e re
d e veloped the d r i v e s u p p r e s s i n g ( t ri e b e i n s c h ra n k e n d e )
 1 87

m e c h an i s m s a s a r e s u l t of t h e o r i g rn of p r i1 v a t e
pr o p er t y . A n d by that t h e refore t h a n - " in m o d e r n
s p e a k i n g " - t h e r e rise n e u ro s e s , p e r v e rs i o n s a n d o t h e r
b o d y p h e n o m e n a of i l l n e s s . l n e p i s temo l o g i c v i e w ( er ­
k e n n tn i s t h eoreti s c h ) t h e c o n c e p t of W . R e i c h fi rstly is
of m o s t h u g e i mportan c e , b e c a u s e i t fal sifi c ates quite
s tri ki n g e v ery " ge n e ti c " t h eo ry ( " erb g e n e ti sc h e T h e o ­
r i e " ) of t h e n e u ro s e s an d o f t h e psych o s es e x p l a i n i n g
t h e i r c o n n e ction w i t h the s o c i al r e l a t i o n s of prope rty .
To c h a n g e i l l n e s s ( d i e A u fh eb un g d er Krank h eit.) is th e
s am e as to a b o l i sh t h e private owne rship ( priv ate
p r o perty ) of the means o f p ro d u c t i on (A ufh e b u n g di e s
Pri v a t b e s i tzes a n d e n Pro d uk t i o n smitteln - s e e Marx ,
t h e ory o f al i e n at i o n - Entfremdun gsthe orie ) . It w a s n o t
b y c o n ti n ge n c e a n d b y ac c i d e n ta li t y that w e h a v e d e ­
fi n e d i l l n e s s e l s e w h e r e a s l i fe b ei n g broken i n it.self.

( 1 0) Buffer of crises ( Kr i s e n p u ffer ) :

a ) e x p e n s es for i l ln e s s : a t t h e u n i v e r s i ti e s o f Yal e ,
Berkely a n d Harvard there w ere c a l c u l ated t h e costs
of si u gl e d i s e a s e s , respecting th e l o s t work d ay s ,
t h e e xp e n s e s for m e d i c al treatm e n t a n d also respec: ­
tl v e t o the e x p e n s e s I n fav our o f t h e rel ated family
members o f t h e s i c k p ers on an d al s o re g ar d in g the
ch ange c o n c erni n g the b e h aviour of c o n s u m p t i o n ,
s p e c i al l y fo r a n y i n v o l v e d p erson , t h u s t h e expenses
for all p e r s o n s w h o d i r e c tly o r i n d i r e c t l y h a d been
stru c k by t h e i l l n e s s . There resulted that in the
y e a r 1 9 5 4 th e re w as a " l o s s " of 2 222 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ ,
c a u s e d b y 7 3 4 6 6 9 c: a s e s o f c a n c e r , thus 3 0 2 4 $
fo r e a c h c a s e ( " l o s s " of c ourse me ans a l o s s for the
e c o n omy ) . C o n c e rn i n g tubercu l o s i s there w ere c :au s e d
by 9 4 9 8 4 c a s e s a l o s s of 7 2 4 0 0 0 000 $ = 7 6 2 2 $
fo r e a c h c as e .
( T h e here m e n t i o n e d numbers h a v e been taken from
J e an - Gl a u d e Polack , "La m e d e c i n e d u c a p i tal " , Pari s
1 97 1 , p . 36 ) .
From th e res e a rch e s of t h e m e n t i o n e d a u t h o r P o l a c k
t h e r e a l s o fol l ow s , that the Ameri c an c i v i l i z a tion
c an ' t afford to e x t i n gu i s h comp l e t e l y the t.u bercu ­
l o s i s without bearing a risk for its e c onomic stru c ­
tures (see in the same book p . 36/37 ) .

b ) C o n n e ction between h e a l t h sector a n d ph armaceuti c

l n d u stry : the c h e m i c a l - p h armac e u ti c i n d u s try is a
s e c tor of production and t h e d i stri b u t i n g sector
( Z i rku l ation s s ph are ) of t h i s i n d u s try i s s i tu ate d in
 1 88

the i n stitu t i o n s of t h e h e a l th sector. Sal e s crises in

t h i s s e c t o r o f p r o d u c t i o n c o n s e q u e n t l y a r e fo l i o w e d
by t h e n e c e s s i ty to a u gm e n t t h e s a l e s by a d d re s s i n g
t o t h e m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e s a n d t o th e d o c t o r s ( fo r
e x am p l e by m a k i n g a d v e rti s e m e n t s i n th e c orre s ­
p o n d i n g t e c h n i c a l j o u r n a. l s ) ; o r t h e chemi c a l ­
p h armaceu ti c i n d u s try a d d r e s s e s d i re c tl y to t h e
p a t i e n t h i m s e l f, t h u s e l i m i n at i n g th e m e d i c a l s e c t o r ,
b y m e a n s of a h u g e o ffe r o f p u b l i c i ty r e c o m m e n d i n g
m e d i c am e n t s w h i c h a r e a v a i l a b l e w i t h o u t prescri p ­
t i o n , a n d s o t h i s i n d u s try w i l l c arry t h e p a t i e n t s
i n to d e p e n d e n c e ; th e i n d u s t ry i t s e l f re p l a c i n g t h e
physi c i an .

c ) T u rn i n g t h e com m o d i t y l ab o u r fo r c e i n t o i t s o p t i m u m
of a b i l i t y to b e e x p l o i te d .

d ) T h e c o n tr i b u t i o n s t o t h e s o c i a l i n s u r an c e s p a i d b y
t h e w ork ers fo r t h e S t a t e a r e s e rv i n g a s a fu n d fo r
i n v e s tm en t h e l p to t h e e c o n o m y .

(1l ) Th e fas c i s t s are u s e d t o p e rv e r t a n d t o c orru p t a l l

r e v o l u t i o n a ry m a t t e r s ( s e e a l s o R . R e i c h e , " S e x u al i t at.
u n d K l a s s e n k ampf" ) . T h e r e fo re i n t h e i r e y e s i l l n e s s a s
a r e v o l u t i o n ary fo r c e o f pro d u c t. i o n m u s t b e e l i m i n a t e d .
The n e e d fo r l i fe of a p e r s o n t h u s i s turn e d i n to a
b i o l o g i s t. l e p r i n c i p l e of l i fe , to t h e h e a l t h y , " w o r t h
l i v i n g " l i fe , a pro c e e d i n g which i n d e ed r e p re s e n t s a
perv ersi o n , b e c a u s e t h e re i s o n l y t h e q u e s t i o n fo r a
l i fe w h i c h s e e m s to be g o o d fo r e v a l u a t i o n . E a c h l i fe
w h i c h d o e s n ' t c o r res p o n d to t h i s d e m a n d gets re s e rv e d
for the m a s s - an n i h i l at i o n ( M a s s e n v e rn i e h t u n g ) fo rm e d
b y d i ffere n ti a l e u t h an a s i a ( D i ffe ren t i a l e u t.h a n a s i e ) . Th i s
p e r v ers i o n i s e x pre s s e d b y t h i s , t h a t h e a I t. h a s
a n a b i 1 i t. y t o b e e x p l o i t. e d a p p e a rs i n th e
c o n s c i o u s n e s s o f t h e re s p e c t i v e p e r s o n as a g o o d fe e l ­
i n g or at l e a s t i s e x p e c t e d to a p p e a r s o .
Th ere are p e rh a p s i n n e r c o n s t r a i n t s a n d a n t ag o n i sm s
b y w h i c h o c c a s i o n a l l y i n c r i s e s p s y c h i atry a n d h e a l t h
s e c t. o r as a t ot.al s e e t h e m s el v e s o b l i ge d , t o g e t h e r w i t h
t h e c a p i t a l i s t. m a c h i n ery of S t a t e , to c o n d e m n t h e i l l
p e r s o n s c a l l i n g them s u p e rfl u o u s g l u t t o n s - b e c a u s e o f
b e i n g o b s t a c l e s for " re s e a r c h a n d t e a c h i n g " - l a z y
b o n e s , e v i l d o i n g fo o l s a n d d a n gerous t o t h e p u b l i c ,
w i l d - gr o w t h ( W i l d w u c h s ) , n o u r i s h m e n t fo r c l i n k a n d
g a s - ch am b e r , t h u s p r e p a r i n g t h e p a t i e n t s to g e t th e m
" m a r k e t. a b l e " ? If t h i s i s tru e , t h e re fo l l o w s t h a t a l s o
 1 89

must e x i s t the p h e n o m e n o n o f i t s o p p o s i t e , w h a t means

t h a t the i l l p e r s o n s a r e w e lc o m e d a n d w e l l r e c ommen ­
d e d fr o m ti m e to ti m e d e n o t i n g th em as g o o d p e o p l e ,
dili gent p e o p l e , i n short a s th e b e tt e r p e o p l e -
i d e n t i ty o f th e o p p o s i t e s .

( 12) " S e l f- aban d o n m e n t " ( " Sel bstpre i sgabe " ) : S c h n y d e r a n d

h i s a c c o m pl i c e s m ad e u s e of th i s w o r d ( s e e c o rre s p o n ­
d e n c e s I , p a g e 1 6 3 / 1 6 4 ) - fo l l o w i n g t h e ten d en c y i n
t h e e x p l a n ati o n s of t h e psy c h i atry profe s s o r B o c h n i k a t
Fra n k furt w h o i n h i s " report" about t h e SPK first u s e d
t h i s word . Th e c o n t. e x t as i t fo l l o w s f r o m Bo c h n i k i n
th e own w o r d s of t h e l atte r : " T h e p s y c h i atri s t. Ernst
Krets c h mer i s said to h av e s a i d o n c 1� , that the psych ­
i a trists are s e n t e n c i n g ( b egutacht e n ) t h e psycho paths
i f the t i m e s are good , b u t i f t h e t i m e s are bad there
are g o v e rn e d t h e p s y c h i atri sts by the psychopaths .
Sh a l l w e w i s h t o get b a d time s ? " ( " D e r P s y e h i a t e r Ern s t
K r e t s c h m e r s o l l gesagt h ah e n , d a(3 w i r Psy c h o p ath e n i n
guten Zeiten begutach t e n , w ah ren d s i e u n s i n s c h l e c h ­
ten Zeiten b e h errs c h e n . Soll m an s i c h s c h l echte Z e i t e n
w ii n s c h e n ? "- s e e SPK - do r u m e n t a t. i o n I , p . 8 2 / 8 3 )

( 1 3) See c orre s p o n d e n c e s I , p . 1 6 3 / 1 6 4 .

( 1 4) S e e SPK - d ocumentati o n I - reports of D r . m e d .

D . S p a zl e r , H e i d e l b e r g ; Prof. P . B r u c k n e r , H a n n o v e r ;
P r o f . D r . H . E . R i c h t e r , G i e (3 e n .

( 1 5) E x cu rs i o n s of e x t e rm i n at i o n agai n s t obj e c t s by i n ­
s ta l l e d w e a r ( e i n ge b a u t e r V e r s c h l e i (3 ) , i n cl u d e d im m e ­
d i a t e d e stru cti on o f w ares , th e p e rm a n e n t l y b e c o m i n g
o l d - fa s h i o n e d of th e w a r e s ( perman e n t.es M o d e v er a l t.e n )
a n d a n n i h ilating e x c u r s i o n s against e v e ry k i n d o f
h um a n n ature by m e a n s o f p e r v erti n g t h e h u m an p r o ­
d u c t i v e e n ergi e s of l i fe to the t o t al ity of a l i e n a t e d
a n d me c h a n i c w o r k a n d gre e d y con sumi n g t o e x c e s s by
m e a n s o f the v i o l e n t maintain i n g o f t h o s e rel ati o n s of
pro d u c t. i o n , in order to make the c a s h b o x agree -
t h a t ' s w h a t we c a l l i m p e r i a l i s m to th e i n teri or
(illness) .

( 1 6) S e e c o r r e s p on d e n c e s I , p . l 6 3 / 1 6 4 .

(17) S e e for e x am p l e t h e argum e n t s o f t h e d e a n Lefer,e n z

( F a c u l ty o f L a w a t. th e U n i v e r s i ty o f H e i d e l b e r g ) i n the
s e s s i o n of th e S e n ate on 2 4 N o v e m b e r 1 9 7 0 , w h e n he
 1 90

d e m an d e d th e " c om p e t e n t a g e n c i e s " ( " z u s tii. n d i g e

Organ e " ) o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y to e x e c u t e as p r o m p t l y as

p o s s i b l e t h e s e u t e n c e o f t h e Se n a t e , t h a t. the SPK
c a n n o t b e c o m e a n i n s t i t u t i o n a t t h e u n i v e r s i ty a n d
t h e r e fo r e p ro m p tl y m u s t b e e l i m i n a t e d "using al l
e x e c u ti v e m e a n s of t h e S t a t e " - s ::i y : violence of police
- ( s e e a l s o c o rr e s p o n d e n c e s T)

( 1 8) See c o rr e s p on d e n c e s I , p . 1 63/ 1 64 .

(l9) " F o rm u l a " belon ging to th e o a t h o f H i p p o c r a t e s

(20) D r . m e d . B l a nk e n b ur g - a s s i s t a n t m e d i c a l d i r e c tor at t h e
u n i v e rs i ty ' s p s y c h i a t r i c h o s p i t a l a t H e i d e l b e r g

(2 1 ) S e e c o rr e s p o n d e n c e s I , Jl . 1 6 3 / 1 6 4 ..

(2�) Prof. R r a u t i g a rn - d i re c t. o r o f t h e u n i v e r s i t y ' s

p s y c h o s om a ti c h o s p i t a l a t H e i d el b e rg

(23) S e e c o rr e s p o n d e n c e s I , p . 1 63/ 1 64 .

(24) " D e m a n d s o f t h e S o c i a l i s t P a t i e n ts ' C o ll e c t i v e t o t h e

re c t o r ' s o ffi c e " ( S P K - d o c: u m e n t a ti o n I, p. 1 9) .

(25) T h e ex pert s : Prof. D r . D r . H. E. R ic h t e r , d i r e c t o r o f t h e

p s y c h o s om a t i c h o s p i t a l a t t h e u n i v e rs i t y o f G i e {3e n ;
Prof. D r . P e t e r Rrii c k n e r , d i r P <· t o r o f th e s P m i n a r o f
p s y c: h o l o g y a t t h e t e c h n i c a l u n i v e rs i ty o f H a n n o v e r a n d
Dr.med . D i e t e r S p a z i e r , m e d k a l s p e e i a l i s t fo r p s y c h i a try
and n e u ro l o gy a n d f o rm e r l e a d e r of t h e u n i v e r s i t y ' s
p s yc h i atri c p o l i c l i n i c a t H e i <l e l b e r g . Besi d e s o f that the
S P K m a d e a s c i e n t i fi c re port a b o u t i t s a c t u a l w o rk a n d
a l o o k - o u t for c o rn i n g t a s k s . T h o s e fo u r w o r k s h a v e
been publi shed i n t h e d o c u m e n ta t i o n a b o u t th e S P K o f
H e i d e l b erg b y th e fa c u l t y an d o f t h e b a s i c g r o u p o f
rn e d i c: i n e at t h e u n i v e r s i ty o f Gi e('l e n .

(26) - The child of a S P K - p a t i e n t w a s t a k en h y th e p o l i c e

a s a h os tage in o rd e r t o e n t e r as t h e first person
the house in w h i c h th o s e p i g s s u p p o s e d t o s t ay
p e o p l e r e a d y t o d f� fe n d t h e m s e l v e s b y s t. a r t i n g a

sh ooting - o u t .

- D e tai n e d p e r s o rrn w e r e s u b m it t e d to e x t o r t. i o n s l i k e
the fo l l o w i n g : "we j ust will d o a s e ar c h o f y o u r
h o use (Hausdurchsueh ung) , if you c o n ti n u e r e fll s i n g
 191

t o gi v e a s t ateme n t. there c a n b e s h o t. d e a d p e r s o n s
w h o perh a p s are i n n o c e n t a n d w h o p e r h a p s h a v e
c o n f i d e n c e i n y o u . T h e r e s p o n s i b il ity then w i l l be o n
your s i de . "

(27) September 1 97 2

(28) H e w h o t a k e s t h e w or d " p o i s o n i n g treatm e n t " fo r a n

e x agge r a t i o n s h o u l d b e tol d t h a t t.hE! p r o fe s s o r i n
o r d i n ary a n d s e c o n d p r e s i d e n t o f t h e World Organ i ­
zation O f Ps y c h i a t r y a n d N e uro l o gy , v . B a e y e r , fo r
s o c i alist p o l i t i c s s u re l y u n s u s p e c t e d , a g a i n a n d a g a i n
r e c o m m e n d e d t o h i s a s s i s t a nt. d o c tors th e ad v a n t a ges o f
e l e c trosh o c k s , b e c au s e , a s h e tol d , t h e d an g e r o f d a ­
m a g e s o f t h e c e n tral - n er v o u s system by a p p l y i n g a
t r e a tm e n t by m e d i c am e n t s w o u l d b e c e rt a i n ly greater
th an t h e perh a p s ba d e ffe cts b ei n g c a l c u l at e d i n t h e
c a s e of a treatm e n t by e l e c trosh o ck s . Both treatm e n t s ,
as e v e r y b o d y k n o w s , are c a u s i n g t h e d e stru c ti o n o f
n e r v e c e l l s , th e l atter b e i n g u n a b l e t o r e g e n e r a tE!
t h e m s e l v e s q u i t e i n c o n tra s t to t h e oth e r c e l l s of a n
organ i s m .

(29) v . B a e y e r , H a fn e r a n d o t h e r s i n " Ps y c h i atry of t h e

P e r s e c u te d " ( " P s y c h i a tri e d e r V e rfol g te n " ) : " A ga i n a n d
a g a i n i n fe w o r i n m a n y c a s e s there are v e ry s k illfu l

t h e w ay of u n c o r r u p t i b l e obj e c t i v ity , th u s repr e s e n t i n g

sci entists , who, i n fl u e n c e d by political power, leave

a behaviour which in most of the cases must neither

b e c a u s e d b y a d i r e c t o r d e r n o r by materi al c o rrupt i o n
( b ri b e ry ) , b u t b e i n g c a u s e d m o r e o r l e s s l n d i r e c tl y ­
a tm o s p h e r i c a l l y ( i n d ir e k t - at.rn o s p h a r i s c h ) b y t h e u n ­
c o n s c i o u s w a n t ( u n b e w u j3 t e s B e d ii rfn i s ) t o fl oat i n the
main stream o f t h e i r t i m e ( " i m groj3 e n Strom d e r Z e i t
mitzuschwimmen " ) . " - v . B a e y e r in: T h e a ffi rmati o n o f
th e NS - i d e o l o gy i n t h e m e d i c i n e i n s p e c i al r e f e r to
e u t h an a s i a .

(30) h a s b e e n d ro pp e d

(3 1 ) s e e d o c u m e n t ary c h ap t e r : " A b o u t t h e p o l i t i c a l e c o n omy

in the i d e n t i ty o f s u i c i d e = m u rd e r " , p. 1 3 4 .

(32) "On Sunday, 2 1 March 1 9 7 1 a t 6 o ' clock p . m . unknown

p e r s o n s a n n o u n c e d by t e l e p h o n e c al l t o t h e S o ci al i s t.
P a t i e nt s ' C o l l e c t i v e ( S P K ) t h e i r i nte n t i o n to k i l l the
S P K m e m b e r Wo lfg a n g Huber ( " fo u n d e r " , " l e ad e r " ,
 1 92

" c h i e f- h h � o l o g i s t. a n d c h i e f - a c ti v i s t " of t h e S P K ) . H e
who called up, an n ou n e e d to shoot d ead Huber in the
fo l l o w i n g w e e k , i f t h e S P K s h o u l d n o t a g re e t o fu l .f i l
h i s o n l y c o n d i ti o n : to m a k e h i s d a u gh t e r ( S P K m e m b e r )
l e a v e t h e SPK a n d re t u rn t o h e r famil y . Tl1 .i s rn e n a e e
w i t h m u r d e r i n c l u d e s a p r o g r e s s i v e a n d a r e a c t i o n a ry
m om e n t . B e c a u s e of i t s p r o t e s t , it i s p r o g r e s s i v e . -
P r o t e s t agai n s t t h e e x i s ti n g c a n n i b a l m o d e of p ro d u c ­
t i o n , p ri n c i p l e of r i v al r y a n d c om p e ti t i o n - t h e g r e a t
fi g u r e s d e v o u r t h e l i. t. t l e o n e s ( a s w e c o u l d fi n d o u t
t h e l i tt l e fa c t o ry o f t h e d e a t h t h r e a t ' s a u t h o r j u s t h a d
g o n e b a n k r u p t l a s t w e e k ) . T h e r e a c t i o n ary m o m e n t o f
t h i s t h r e a t c o n s i s t s i n d i r e e t i n g t h e p r o t e s t a g a i n s t.
t h o s e w h o p e rm a n e n t l y a t t a c k th e i l l n e s s p r o d u c i n g
c a n n i b a l r e l a t i o n s a n d w h o h a v e o r gan i z e d t h e ms e l v e s
i n t h e SPK, struggl i n g a g ai n s t t h o s e w h o a r e r e s p o n ­
s i b l e for t h e n am e d r e l a t i o n s . . .
L a s t n o t l e as t b y s u ch t h r e a t s a n d t h e i r e x e c u t i o n i t
c a n b e u n d e r s t o o d , h o w r u l i n g i d e o l ogy b e c o m e s m a t e ­
ri a l v i o l en c e . E v eryb o d y w h o u n c r i t i c a l l y r e a d s t h e
RNZ - pres s ( R h e i n - N e c k a r - Z e i t u n g ) , t h e B I L D - p r e s s o r
w h o u n c ri t i c a l l y w a tch e s t e l e v i s i o n t h u s b e c om e s a
p o t e n t i a 1 a s s a s s i n w h o , fol l o w i n g th e i d e o l o gy
i n s t i l l e d i n h i m , c a n be s e d u c e d to a n a c t i v i ty of t h a t
kind . " ( s e e SPK - d o c u m e n t at i o n I I , p . 1 08 - 1 1 0,
p a ti e n ts ' - I n fo N o 3 3 )

(33) I n p a rt i c u l ar a l l t h o s e r e l a ti o n s w h i c h h a v e t o d o w i tl1
the p s y c h o a n a l y ti c w ay o f i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , r e l a t i o n s a s
s o - c al l e d t r a n s fe r , re t r o t r a n s f e r ( G e g e n ii h e r trag u n g ) ,
p r oj e c t i on s , .i n h i b i t i o n ( W i d e r s t a n d ) e t c . a n d s o - c a l l e d
a u t h o r i ty c o n fl i c t s , i f t h e y b e c a m e m a n i fe s t d u ri n g th e
c o u rs e of t h e agitati o n s b e t w e e n t w o p e r s o n s or i n t h e
g r o u p a g i t a t i o n w e re s o l v e d a n d fi n a l l y c o m p l e t e l y
a b o l l s h e d d u ri n g p r o c e s s an d p r o c e e d i n g c o u r s e o f
e m a n c i p a ti o n , c o o p e r ati o n a n d s o l i d ari t y b y a p p l y i n g
th e c a t e g o ri e s of u ti l i ty v a l u e a n d e x c h an g e v a l u e
(Gebrau ch swert und T a u s c h w e rt ) .

(34) see a l s o "Listen Littl e Man " ( " Re d e a n d en k l e i n e n

M an n " ) b y W i l h e l m R e i c h , 1 94 6 .

(35) D u ri n g t h e w e e k e n d s - S a t u r d a y s a n d S u n d ay s - t h e r e
a l w ay s t o o k p l a c e t h r e e g r o u p a g i t a t i o n s a n d three
s t u d y w o rk a s s em b l i e s , because th ere were many peopl e
in t h e SPK w h o w er e o c c u p i e d w i t h w o r k or fam i l y fr o m
M o n d ay t o F ri d a y .
 1 91

(36) S p i n o za , " E th i c s " ( " E t h i k " ) - c h a p t e r III " A b o u t t h e

e m o t i o n s " ( " V o n d e n Affek t e n " )

( 37) The agi tation repeate d l y w a s c a l l e d t h o r o u gh l y i n t o

q u e s t i o n b o th SPK - i n te r n a l a n d in the p u b l i c . For
e x am p l e o n e d ay , d u r i n g a stu d y g r o u p m e e t i n g , two
pati e n t s d e c i d e d to ab o l i sh c o m p l e t e l y a l l m e d i c a l
fu n c t i o n s together w i t h t h e c on n e c t e d person s . By a
newly s tar t e d d et ai l e d d i s c u s s i o n of th e SPK meth o d s i t
c o u l d be r e a l i ze d t h a t t h o s e t w o p a tJ e n ts h a d b e e n
ge n e r a ll y n o t i c e d becau s e o f their p e rm a n e n t l y a s k i n g
a n d c a l l i n g for t h e " d octo r " . T h i s c o n trad i ct i o n pro m p t ­
l y b e c ame e v i d e n t , al s o i n t h e gro u p si t u a ti o n w h i c h
j u s t t o o k p l a c e ; but n o t at a l l - a s i t c o u l d have b e e n
e x p e c t e d i n all p r oba b i l i t y - i n t h e w ay of a c r it i q u e
agai n s t t h e " fo o l i s h o p i n i o n s " , or ag a i n s t th e " m i s t a k ­
i n g b e h avi o u r " ( F e h l v erhalte n ) o f t h e b o t h p a t i e n t s o r
be i t c o n c e rn i n g t h e c o n c o c t i o n s ( M a c h w e rk e ) " tra n s fer "
or " fi x a ti on " . But t h i s c o n t r ad i c t i o n b e c ame e v i d e n t by
realizing the problem w h i c h c o n c e rrH� d i n d e e d ev e ry
person i n t h e SPK . E v en d u r i n g p e r s o n a l a n d g r o u p
agitati o n s from ti m e t o t i m e a l l o f u s w e r e repro d u c i n g
o n e an o t h er j u s t as i f w e w e r e d e a l e r s , c o n s u m er s a n d
c h e a te d c h e a t s ( be t r o gen e Betriiger ) . T h i s b e c a u s e j u st
that h ad b e e n t h e o n ly i n p u t i n to o u r s e l v e s by t h e
s o c i e t y w e form erly h a d l i v e d i n , l a c k i n g a n y k i n d o f
c on s c i ou sn e s s a b o u t this m atter of fac t ( . . . w e i l eben
m e h r und an d e r e s nicht i n u n s re i n gek ommen i s t ) .
C a u s e d by e x p e r i e n c e s l i k e t h o s e th e g e n e r a l intere s t
of t h e a gitati o n w a s d i rec t e d to t h e b e h a v iours o f
c o n s u m p tion and domin ation , a s c o n n e ct e d t o t h e s o c i a l
r e l a t i o n s o f a comm o d i t i e s pro d u c i n g s o c i ety ( e i n E! r
w arenpro d u z i e re n d e n G e se l l s c h aft ) .

(38) T h e w r o n g tracks o f Freu d ( D i e Irr w e g e d e s Freu d ' s ch e n

D e n k e n s ) c o n s i s t i n th a t , u si n g a s i m p l e formu l a , t h at
h e for all th e q u e s ti o n s , w h i c h from all o f t he i r b e ­
g i n n i n g s w e r e p r e s e n t i n g th ems e l v e s t o h i m as mate ­
ri a li. s t i c pro b l e m s , d o e s n ' t fi n d any s o l u t i o n , e x c e pt
s p i r i t u a l i s ti c ( i d e al i s ti s c h e ) an s w e r s . In s p i t e of all h i s
c r i ti c al attitu d e s , w h i c h h e s e em i n gl y establ i s h e s
aga i n s t th e b o u r g e o i s s o c i e ty , h e fi n a l l y rem a i n s t i e d
t o t h e b ourge o i s i d e o l o gy . H i s thi n k i n g s taggers b e ­
t.w e e n a m e c h a n i sti c materi a l i sm o n t h e o n e h a n d an d
a metaphy s i c a l i d e al i sm on t h e o t h e r ; b e s i d e s of t h a t
h e i s t u rn i n g ( H y p o s t. a s i e r u n g = Hberh o h u n g ) t h e
b o u r g e o i s order o f s o c i ety quite s i m p l y i n t o the
 1 94

." p r i n c i p l e of r e a l i ty " ( " R e a l i ti i t s p r i n zi p " ) . T h e r e i s

c o m p l e t e l y i n h i b.i t e d a n y w o rk i n g o u t o f t h P e o n d i t i o n s
o f d e v e l o pm e n t fr o m w h i c h h a s r e s u l t e d t h e p re s e n t
b o u rg e o i s s o c i e t y ( d i e h i s t o r i s c h e D i m e n s i o n b l e i bt
v e r d e c k t ) . J u s t i n t h e l a t t e r t h e re a r e s it u a t e d t h e
e p i s te m o l o g i c p r e r e q u i s i t e s a n d c o n d i t i o n s fr o m wh i eh
fol l o w s th e p e s s i m i s m of F r e u d , all commentators
which
c orre s p o n d i n gl y h a v e fo u n d i n t h e w o r k s o f F re u d .

(39) From t h e e x p u l s i o n o f Wi l h e l m R e i c h from t h e

C o m m u n i s t. P a r ty tlw re fol l o w e d , b e s i d e s o f b e i n g
i s o l ated , t h a t h e d i d n ' t g o o n t o d e v e l o p h i s s t a r t i n g
from a material i s ti c - d i al e c ti c al t h e ory o f s e x u a l i ty .
F r o m t h a t th e r e a l s o b e c o m e s u n d e r s t an d a b l e t h e re ­
l a p s e to a m e e h a n i s t i r rn a t e r i a l i s rn , as I t i s r e p r e s e n t e d
i n t h e l ast y e a rs o f R e i c h ' s l i fe c o n c e r n i n g h i s e x p l a ­
n a t i o n s g i v e n t o t h e orgon - th c> o ry , d e v e l o p e d b y h i m .
F o r t h e c omm u n i s t. p a r t i e s , from t h e i r r e fu s i n g t o
a c c e p t th e s e x u a l m i s e r y i n a n y e o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e i r
p o l i ti c s , t h e r e resulted a fa l s e s e n s e o f s h a m e a n d a
p u ri t a n i sm i n t h e organ i z a t i o n s of t h e p a r t i e s w h i c h
t h e n b e c am e t h e b a s e o f a d o c t r i n a r i s m a n d a b u re a u ­
c rat.i sm j u st l i k e t h a t , w h i c h w e fi n d n o w a d a y s a g a i n
in t h e fo u n d i n g p r o g r a m s of c o mm u n i s t p a r t i e s of t. h e
l e ft i e s . I n t h e i r g r o u p s t h e r e now are a ppare utly the
s a m e stru c t u r e s o f d o c t r i n a r i s m a n d b u r e a u erati s m ,
w h i c h fo r m e r l y w e r e n o t. t h e r e i n t h e p r e c e d i n g an ti ­
a u t. h o r i t a r i a n m o v e m e n t of p r o t e s t o f t h e fi 8 1 h , n o w
smashed .

(40) T n t h e p r i m a l s o c i e ti e s ( U r g e s e l l s c h afte n ) t h e o r g an i ­
z a t i o n of t h e s o c i a l units i s d e t e rm i n e d by t h e n e ­
c e s s ity t.o struggl e a g a i n s t t h e p o w ers o r i g i n a ti n g from
n a t u r e . T h e fi n d i n gs of W. R e i c h i n " T h e I n v a s i o n o f
C o m p u l s o ry S e x - M o r a l i ty " ( " D e r E i n b ru c h d e r Se x u a l ­
m o r a l " ) , b a s e d o n t h e fi n d i n g s of M al i n o w s k i are o f
e x c e p ti o n a l e p i s t.e m o l o gi c i m p o r t a n c e i n th i s c o n t. e x t :

1 .) J t d e m o n s tr a t e s t h e c o n n e c t. i o n s b e t w e e n t h e fo r c e s
of n a ture a n d t h e v i o l e n c e i n t h P i n t e r i o r o f th e
s o c i al u n i t s . In th e i n te r i o r of a s o c i a l u n i t - fo r
e x a m p l e at t h e n a ti v e s of th e Tro b r i a n d I s l e s , w h o
n e v ert h e l e s s are a n e x c e p t i o n a l c a s e - t h e r e are
n o s o ci a l c o n s t r a i n t s b e c a u s e n a ture i n no way i s
opposite t o the peop l e .

2.)
t o a g ric u l t u r e ) l e a d s t o t h e d e v e l o n rn ° ... �
T h e e c o n o m te d e v £� J o p rn e n t as a s u c h o n e ( tran s i tion
 195

p r o p erty a n d t h e r e fore to th e m o n ogamy , the s p o u ­

s e s regard i n g each other as th e i r p r o p erty , a n d i t
re s u l ts from t h a t t h e s o c i al c o n s t r a i n t s s u ppr1� s s i n g
the d r i v e s (trieb e i n s c h ran k e n d e F o l g e n ) . It i s of
great i m p o rtan c e to noti c e , that. th ere m i g h t b e em ­
b e d d e d i n t h i s " p arad i s i a c p r i m a l situatio n " ( "' para ­
d i e s i s c h em Urzustan d " ) an im p ul s e to d e v e l o p i n t o
an o th e r situation w h i c h i s h i gher from an e c on om i c
p oi n t o f v i e w , a tran s i ti o n w h ich - for the i n h ab i ­
t.ants o f th e Trobri an d I s l e s - c am e automa t i c a l l y ,
t h a t i s t o s ay w i th o u t b e i n g i n d u c e d b y outs i d e i n ­
flu e n c e , for example trad e e x ch an ge s w i t h a more
d e v e l o p e d other t ri b e , e x c h ange s , w h i c h i n o th e r
c a s e s , b u t n o t i n that of th e Trob rian d s , comm o n l y
p r o d u c e c h a n ges i n a s o c i ety l i k e t h a t .

3 . ) T h e w o r k o f W . R e i c h presents t h e suppre ssio n o f

d r i v e s ( Tri e b u n t e rdrii c k u n g ) as a resu lt of tt11� d e ­
v elopmen t o f priv ate property as w ell as a p r e ­
r e q u i s i t e to m ai n tai n an d to a u g m e n t pri v ate pro ­
p e rty . T h e b o o k of W . R e i c h " T h e I n v a s i o n of C o m ­
p u l s o ry Sex - Mora l i ty " ( " D e r Einbruch d e r Sexual ­
moral " ) al s o repre s e n t s a c o n s i st e n t. fa l s i fi c a t i o n o f
al l those theories which try t o pr o v e th e s o - c a l l e d
m e ntal d i s tu rban c e s w h e t.h e r p s e u d o - ph i l osoph i c al
as a fac t of h u m a n e x i s t i n g ( Gru n d befi n d l i c h k e i t ) or
a s a c o n s e q u e n c e of g e n e tic a l d e t ermi n a ti o n , t h e
latter b e i n g tak en f o r a b i o l o g i c ally tru e argum e n t .
Th o s e symptom s w h i c h s c ie n t i fi c a lly h a v e b e e n
c l a s s ifi. e d as m e n tal i l l n e s s e s i n d e e d h av e n o th i n g
to d o w i th anthrop o l o gy , b e c a u s e they a r e n o t h i n g
b u t d e p e n d e n t v ari a b l e s ( M o m e n te - = a b h a n g i ge
V a ri ab l e ) of t. h e a n t. h r o p o l o g y i tself, th i s
l atter a nthropol ogy b e i n g n o t h i n g b u t t h e total ity
of a l l t h e e x p eri e n c e s w h i c h t h e h um a n s p e c i e s
e v e r h a d ( Total i t a t d e r m e n s c h l i c h e n Gattun g s ­
erfa h ru n g ) , w h i c h h as to b e d e t e rmi n e d i n t.h1e
M a r x i s t w ay a s al i e n a t i o n ( En tfrem d un g ) and as
abolition of al i e n ati on ( A u fh eb u n g d e r
En t fr em d u n g ) .

(4 1 ) U s i n g the l i b erati on struggle of t h e p e o p l e o f A l g er i a

as an example Frantz Fanon h a s e x p l a i n e d in h i s book
" T h e Wretc h e d of the Earth " ( " D i e V e r d a mmt. e n d i. e s e r
E rd e " ) h o w by t a k i n g p art i n t h e r e v o l u ti o n of t h e
formerly c o l o n i z e d pe o p l e n o t o n l y e s p e c i ally p sy c h ­
i atri c symptoms d i sappeared b u t a l s o p hy s i c al
 J%

gri e v a nces a n d trou bl e s ( B e s c h w e r d e n . H i e r a u s d rii c k ­

l i c h n i c h t Symptom e ) l i k e d am ag e s o f t h e intervert.ebral
d i s k s ( B a n d s c h e i b e n sc h a d e n ) , c h r o n i c u lc ers o f th e
s t o m a c h a n d of t h e i n t e s ti n e s ( c h r o n i s c h e D arm - u n d
M a g e n g e s c h w iire ) , r h e u rn a ti c a l a n d o th e r c ra m p s o f th e
m u s c l e s a l s o d i s a p p e a re d . - Th e s e s o m a t i z e d g r i e v a n c e s
a n d t r o u b l e s h a d - i n fo r m e r t i m e s a n d w i th o u t t h e
tak i n g p a r t i n t h e revo l u t i o n ary p r o c e s s - s u c c e s s fu l l y
re s i s t e d a n y treatm e n t a n d a n y attempt t o rem o v e t h e
tr o u b l e s and th u s adj u s t th e p e r s o n w h o s u ffe r e d fr o m
t h em o w i n g to t h e w a y o f l i fe d u r i n g t h e c o l o n i z a t i o n .

(42) F o r t h e u n d ers tan d i n g o f terms l i k e " p a r t i a l d ri v e s "

( " P a r t i a l tri e b e " ) , " ge n i t a l i t y " ( " Ge n i t allt at " ) e t c . , w e
p o i n t t o t h e b o o k s o f W i l h e l m R e i c h : " T h e I n v a s i o n of
C o m p u l s ory S e x - Moral i t y " ( " D e r E i n b r u c h der S e x u a l ­
m o ral " ) , " T h e S e x u al Re v o l u t i o n " ( D i e s e x u e l l e R e v o l u ­
"

t i on " ) , " T h e Fu n c t i o n o f O r ga s m " ( " D i e F u n k t i o n d e s

O r g a sm u s " ) " T h e M a s s P s y c h o l o g y o f F a s c i s m " ( " D i e
,

Massenpsych o l o g i e d e s F a s c h i s m u s " ) .
With i n t h e s c o p e o f t h i s b o o k i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e to
d e v e l o p t h e w h ol e o f a c o n n e c t e d th e o ry of s e x u a l i t y
i n a m ateri a l i s t i c v i e w . N e v erth e l e s s regard i n g prac ­
t i c a l m atters i t s e e m s to us to b e o f s p e c i a l i m p o r ­
t a n c e t o p o i n t o u t , t h a t w e h a v e tri e d the b e s t we
could to red u c e ( erst z u r ii c k gefii h r t u n d dann ersetzt)
q u i t e c o n s c i o u s l y to d i al e c t i c - m a t e ri a l i s t i c c a t e g o r i e s
a l l p s y c h o a n a l y t i c t e r m s w h i ch n e v ert h el e s s s t i l l are
appear i n g even in the progre s s i v e w o r k s of R e i c h .

(43) K. Marx - C a p i tal I , p . 3 8 1 / 3 8 2 a n d p . 3 8 4 - MEW,

1 9 7 1 ; space t yp e by th e e d i t o r s .

(44) " Be s i d e s a l l t h e fu n c t i on a r i e s o f t h e A m e r i c a n h e a l t h
s y s tem r e a l i ze q u i t e e x a c tl y th a t t h e s i t u a t i o n on t h e
l a b o u r m ark e t i n fl u en c e s t h e t h e r a p e u t i c l e v e l , t h e
fo r m e r d et e r m i n i n g w o r k a n d d e v e l o p m e n t i n th e h o ­
s p i t a l s . I f t h e u n e m p l o y m e n t grow s , c h r o n i c d i s e a s e s
are a l l o w e d to e x p an d , b e c a u s e th e r e w i l l h e n o d a n g e r
for t h e e c o n o m y by a n i n c r e a s i n g n u m b e r o f p a t i e n t s .

T h i s s i t u a t i o n e x i s t s in A m e ri c a s i n c e t h e S e c o n d Wo r l d
W a r ; a n d t h i s w a s th e s i t u a t i o n d u ri n g t h e wo rld m o ­
n e tary cri s i s in 1 9 2 9 . " ( J . C . P o l a c k , " L a m e d e c i n e d u
c a p i t a l " Pari s 1 9 7 1 , p . 3 5 )
,

(45 ) I n t h l s c o n t e x t t h e d e fi n i t i o n of i l l p e o p l e t o b e d e ­
p ri v e d o f a l l rights i s a n i m p o r t a n t c o e ffi c i e n t i n t h e
 197

w h o l e d e v e l opm e n t . H o w this d e p r i v a t i on of r i g h t s
manife s t e d i t s e l f d u r i n g the d e v e l op me nt o f t h e SPK
c an b e fo u n d on pages 3 7 - 5 1 in t h i s book .

(46) Taken from a l e afl e t w h i c h w a s d i s t r i b u t e d b y t h e

" C omite d ' A ction Sante " i n F e bru ary 1 9 6 9 at t h e d o ors
of t h e car fa c t ory R e n a u l t a t F l i n s .

( 47 ) K . Marx - Cap i t a l I , p . 3 8 4 - MEW , 1 9 7 1

(48) J.C. Polack - " L a m ect e c i n e d u c apital " , P a r i s 1 97 1 ,

p . 35/36

(49) Mural s l o gan d u r i n g t h e M a y o f P a r l s 1 9 6 8

(50) Hegel

(5 1 ) Comp a r e al s o w h a t j u d i c i a ry i s s u e d agai n s t t h e s o ­
c a l l e d ri n gl e a d er s of S P K , d e s c r i be d i n t h e " H i stori c a l
Se c t i on " , p . 2 6 ff.

( 52 ) No t the protecti o n of t erri t or i al fron ti ers but prote c ­

t i o n o f the borders b e t w e e n exploiters a n d e x p l o i te d
peopl e .

(53) H e re w e h a v e quoted t h e paragraphs i n order to p o i n t

o u t t h a t t h e o r g a n s o f t h e S t a t e p e rm a n e n t l y v i o l a t e
t h o s e v e ry l aw s , w h i c h t h e y p r e t e n d t o p r o t e c t . W h a t
t h er e i s t o b e prote cted c an n o t b e p rot e c t e d o the rw i s e ,
e xc e p t by v i ol a t i n g i t .

(54) B e ck t e x ts
- , l J t h e d i ti o n , M a y 1 9 7 1 , d t v :

§ 1 2 9 Criminal Co n s p i r a c y ( c r i m i n a l organ i z a t i o n )

( 1 ) h e w h o fo u n d s a u n i on t h e p u rp os e of t h e a c t i v i ­
,

t y o f w h i c h is a imi n g a t c o mm i tti n g p u n .i s h able

acti v i ti e s , or h e w h o t ak e s p art i n s u c h a u n i o n
a s a memb e r , o r h e w h o w i n s a p e rs o n o v e r to
t h i s c au s e , o r h e who s u p p orts i t , w i l l be p u n i s h e d
by i mpris o n m ent u p to fi v e y e ars .
( 2 ) s e c t i o n ( l ) h as n o t t o be app l i e d ,

l . lf t h e u n i on is a p o l i t i c al p arty w h i c h is not
sentenced by t h e Supreme C o u rt o f t h e Con s t i ­
t u t i o n ( B u n d e sverfa s s u n gsgerl c h t ) as an u n ­
c o n s t i t u t i o n al ( v e rfa s s u n g s w i d r i ge ) p a rt y ,
 198

2. i f t h e c o m m i t. t i n g o f p u n i s h a b l e a c t i v it i e s 0 11 J y
r e p re s e n t s a p u r p o s e o r a n a c t i v i ty o f s u b ­
o rd i n ate mean i n g o r
3. a s far a s t h e p u r p o s e s a n d t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f
th e u n i o n re p re s e n t p u n i s h a b l e a c ti v i t i i> s under
§§ 8 4 u n til 87.
(3) Punishable is a l s o th e a t t e m p t t o fo u n d a u n i o n
s u c h as mentioned i n s ecti on (1).
(4) I f t h e p e rpetrator b e l on gs t o t h e r i n g l e a d e r s o r t o
the rear ran k m e n ( H i n t.erman n e r ) o r i f t h e r e
s h o u l d be an oth er s pe c i a l h eavy case , then the
i m p r i s o n m e n t h a s to b e fr o m s i x m o n t h s t o fi v e
y e ars . Bes i d e s of t h a t there can b e p a s s e d a n
a d d i tion al s e n t e n c e p e rm i tt i n g th e b e i n g p u t u n d e r
p o l ic e o b s e rv ati o n ( P o li z e i a u fs i c h t ) .
( 5 ) In th e case of m e m b e rsw h o are n o t t h a t g u i l ty
an d whose i n v ol v eme n t i s o n l y o f s u bord i n ate
i rn p o rt ;:i n c e t h e c o u r t can m i ti g a te t h e p u n i s h m e n t
a c c o rd i n g to its o w n e s ti m a t i o n ( § 1 5 ) or i t c a n
r e fr a i n fro m a p u n i s h m e n t c o rr e s p o n d i n g t o t h e
s e c t i. o n s ( 1 ) a n d ( 3 ) .
( 6 ) T h e c o u r t a t h i s fre e d i s c r e t i o n c a n mi t i g a t e the
p u n i s h m P n t. (§ 1 5 ) o r i t. c a n fo l l o w i n g t h e n a m e d
r e g u l a t i o n s w a i v e a n y p u n i s h m e n t , i f t h e c o m m i tt e r
1 . hy fr e e w i l l a n d e a r n e s t l y t a k e s p a i n s to in­
h i b i t , that th e u n i o n e a n b e ronti n u ed n r can
comm i t the c ri m i n a l acts accordin g to its a i m i n g
at, or
2 . di scloses his k n o w l e d ge i n t i m e to a n o ffi c e , in
ord e r t h a t c r i m i n a l a c ts o f w h i c h h e k n o w s t h e
plans yet c an b e i n h i b i te d ; i f t h e e o m m i t t e r
a c h i e v e s t o i n h i b i t t h a t. t h e u nion can c o n ­
ti n u e , or i f t h i s p u r p o s e a l s o will he a c h i e v e d
w i th o u t h i s effo r t s , h e s h a l l n o t b e p u n i s h e d .
( See t h e r e fo r e a l s o " p o l i c e s t a t e " , p . 1 03 -
1 05 ! ) .

§ 8 1 H i g h Tre a s o n a g a i n s t t h e F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c

( 1 ) He w h o s t a rts by v i o l e n c e o r by m e n a c i n g w .it h
v iolence
1 . to i m p a i r t h e b e i n g c o n t i n u e d o f th e F e d e r al
R e p u b l i c o f G e rm a n y o r
2 . t o c h a n g e t h e c o n s ti t u t i o n a l o r d e r w h i e h i s
b a s e d on t h e B a s i c L a w o f th e F e d e ral R e p u b l i c
o f G e rm a n y ,
 199

sh a l l b e p u n i sh e d b e c a u s e of h i gh tre a s o n agai n s t
t h e F e d e ration by l i fe - l o n g impri s o n m e n t o r b y
i mp r i s o n m e n t o f a t l e a s t t e n y e ars .
( 2 ) In c a s e s of l e s s im portance t h e p u n i sh m e n t w i l l h e
a n impri s o n m e n t from o n e to t en y e ars .

(55) N o rt h ern I r e l a n d fi g h t e rs w i t h o u t d epressi o n s

" S i n c e t h e C i v i l W a r i n North ern I r e l a n d i s raging t h e
n u m b e r of d e p re s s iv e i l ln e s s e s an d also t h e r a t e o f
s u i c i d e s a n d o f attem p t e d s u i c i d e s h a s fal l e n to a
fl abbergasting d e gre e , b e i n g n ow o n ly h al f of th e ir
forme r l e v e l s . T h i s can be fou n d w i t h m e n of t h e lo w e r
s oc i al c l a s se s , w h o a r e t h e p e r s o n s b e i n g m o s t e n gage d
i n t h o s e s truggl e s . M e n of th e u p p e r c l a s s e s a n d i n
s o m e of t h e quit.er parts of N or t h e r n Irel a n d o n th e
other h a n d are n o w s u ffer i n g m o r e fro m d e pr e s s i o n s
than b e fore . ( s o D r . H . A . Lyon s from t h e P u r d y sburn
H o s p i t a l Be l fa st ) . "
Frankfurter Ru n d s c h a u from 2 1 Au gust 1 9 7 2

( 56 ) T h e s am e a p p l i e s t o th e d i a l e ctl c s o f a c c u s a t i o n a n d
d e fe n c e i n th e s o - c all e d State o f R u l e and Law ( s tate
u n d e r th e rule of l aw , s og . R e c h ts s t a at ) , e x c e p t the
d iffe r e n c e that t h e " d e fe n c e " ( b e i n g d e fe n d e d by a
,

l a wy e r ) , b e c a u s e of b e i n g c o n strain e d by t h e j u r i d i c a l
form a l i s m c an ' t proceed bu t t o t h e turning over into
t h e a c c u s ation again a n d agai n , as long as t h e too l s o f
t h e d e fe n c e ( n am e ly t h e l awyers t h e m s e l v e s ) a r e s t i l l
j o i n e d to t h e p o w e r of t h e m on o p o l ists of th e l aw .

(57) Th o s e d o c um e n t s m e an w h i l e w e r e p u b l i s h e d in thE� S P K ­
d o c u m e ntation II, G i e l3 e n , p. 1 48 u n ti l 1 7 0 , repeatedly
p u b l i s h e d , last time i n an e d i t. i o n o f s e v e ral I 000
b o ok s , t o b e a c q u i r e d in the usual b o ok s h o p s .
 200

The Bibliography of the W R I T I N G S 0F ILLNESS

(Krankschriftenverzeichnis)

I Writings of illness in German language , published by KRRIM -

Selbstverlag filr Krankheit, P . O .Box 1 03 4 6 4 , 69024 Heidelberg:

SPK/PF/Huber:
OBER DAS ANFANGEN. Zur Vorgeschichte des Sozialistischen
Patl entenkollektiv ( 1 9 7 0 ) und der Patientenfront ( 1 97 3) .
Wie aus der Krankheit eine Waffe wurd e . H e i d e l b erg 1 9 9 3 .
D l e s e s B u c h i s t d i e W i e d e rgabe e i n e s Interviews m i t
H U B E R , W . D , D r . m e d . , das a m 6 . 1 1 . 1 9 9 2 stattgefu n d e n h a t .
ISBN 3 - 92649 1 - 1 8 - 3 , 1 68 S., DM 1 8 . - -

Dokumentation zum Sozialistischen Patientenkoll ekti v (hu* )

an d er Universitat Heidelberg, Teil 1 . G i e Oen 1 9 7 1 ; 5 . A u f l .
m i t elnem Vorw ort v o n Huber ( SPK/PF ) WD , D r . med .
H e i d e l b erg 1 9 8 0 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 2 - 7 , 1 3 0 S . , DM 1 3 , - -

Dokumentation zum Sozlalistischen Patlentenkollektlv (hu)

an d er Universitat Heidel berg, Tell 2. GieOen 1 9 7 1 ; 4. A u fl .
mit e i n em Vorw ort vo n H u b e r ( S PK/ P F ) WD , D r . med .
H e i d e l b erg 1 9 8 0 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 3 - 5 , 3 1 8 S . , DM 20, - -

Dokumentatlon zum Sozialistischen Patientenkoll ektiv ( h u )

a n der UniversWit Heidelberg, T e i l 3. M ii n c h e n 1 9 7 7 ; 2 . A u fl .
H e i d e l b e r g 1 9 8 8 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 4 - 3 , 2 2 2 S . , O M 1 5 , - -

PATIENTENFRONT ( h u ) - SPK IV. U n d W i e d e r : IATROKLA S I E ;

IATROKRATIE I M WELTM ASSTA B ; M A C H T , IATRARCHIE I
KRANKHEIT , GEWA L T . 4 . A u fl . H e i d e l b e r g 1 9 9 0 .
ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 4 - 0 , 1 8 4 S . , D M 1 9 , - -
Kl einkrieg gegen Patienten . Dokumentation zur Verfolgung
des Sozialistischen Patlentenkollektlv an der Universitat
Heidelberg.
3. A u fl . m l t einem Vorwort v o n H u b e r ( SPK/PF ) WD , Dr . med .
H e i d e l berg 1 9 8 7 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 0 - 0 , 1 7 6 S . , OM 2 0 , - -

Sozial i s ti s c h e s P a t i e n t e n k o l l e k t. i v ( h u ) : SPK - A u s der

Krankh eit eine Waffe machen . Eine Agitatlonsschrift des
Sozialistlschen Patientenkollektiv an der UniversitAt
Heid elberg. M i t e i n e m Vorwort von J e an - Paul Sartre .
M il n e h en 1 9 7 2 , 5 . Au fl . H e i d e l b erg 1 9 8 7 .
ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 1 - 9 , 1 4 4 S . , D M 1 9 , - -

* H u b e r (SPK/PF ) WD , D r . m e d .
 201

P a t i e n t e n fr o n t C h u ) : Krankheit, die Ganzheit mit Zukunft .

Ansatze zur Pathoprakti k , D i a p a th i k und u t o p a th ie der
Revolution in der Neuro- Rev oluti o n . H e i d e lb e r g 1 9 8 8 .
ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 3 - 2 , 4 5 2 S . , D M 1 9 , - -

Der Begriff E i n z e l h aft . Vom Frontp ati enten W o l fgang H u b e r .

Ludwigsburg 1 9 7 5 . I S B N 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 5 - 1 , 1 3 S . , D M 5 , - -

l atrokratie l m Weltmaj3stab . Vom F P W o l fgang H u b e r zum

C o l l etti v o Fre u d i an o " S e m i otic a e P s i c an a li s i " ,
M i l an o 1 . - 4 . 1 2 . 1 9 7 6 . I SB N 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 6 - X , 3 0 S . , b M 5 , - -

Gerard Hof: Offener Brief an Dr . Hutter. Mit einem

G run dra s t er der P a t i e nt e n fr o n t ( h u } . M a n n h eimer Z e i t. u n g
N r . 6 ( S o n d ernurnme r ) . M a n n h e i m 1 9 7 7 . 1 6 S . , D M 4 , - - ( K o p i e ) .

Pati e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) : Krankheit bricht Medizin . E x p e r i ment a l ­

pathoprak t i s c h e s Prot.o k o l l e i n e r A k t. i o n . Zur b e di n g u n g s l o s e n
Fr e i l a s s u n g s i e h e d i e K a p i t u l a t i o n s e r k H irun g in d e r Kran k Nt ­
a k t e d e s A rztli c h e n Direktors D r . H u t t e r d e r J V A W i t t l i c h .
Wittli ch 1 9 7 7 . 1 6 S . , DM 4 , - -

Pati e n t e n fr o n t C h u ) : P at i e n t e n an der Front , e i n Leitfaden .

Gotti n ge n , K a s s e l 1 9 7 8 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 7 - 8 , 1 0 7 S . , D M ll 5 , -

P a t i e n t e n front ( h u ) : PROTOKOLLARISCHES zum Proze(3knack s

am 4 . 3 . und 1 5 . 3 . 1 982 ( e i n " Proze(3beri c h t " ? - - : ein
Agitati o n s - und A kti o n s p r oto k o l l f il r e i n I n t e r -
n a t i o n a l e s K r a n k h e i t s t r i b u n a l ! ) .
ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 0 9 - 4 , 9 0 S . , D M 8 . - -

Pati entenfront (hu ) : FREIWILDPROZESS . HEYDEl b e r g , S e p t . / O k t .

1 9 8 2 . M a t e ri a l i e n z u m W i d e r s tre i t z w i s c h e n e i n e r B e i s t an d t n
im Krankheitsw e s e n u n d ar ztl ichem D en u n z i a n t e n t um .
ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 0 - 8 , 1 5 0 S . , D M 2 0 , - -

P a t i e n t e n front ( h u ) : A US KRANKHEIT STARK PATIENTENFRONT .

( 1 . Arbeit d e s Internati o n a l e n Krankheitstr i b u n al s ;
2 . S P K - Pati e n t e n fron t ) Ton ba n d k a s s e t.te , R u n d fu n k s e n d u n g
v o n ' R a d i o Dreye c k l an d ' am 2 1 . u n d 3 1 . 1 . 1 9 8 3 s o w i e v o n
' R a d i o M o n tm artre ' ( P ari s ) im D e z . 1 9 8 2 . D M 1 0 , - -

Patientenfr o n t ( h u ) : P R O FSC H R I FT UND PATHOPROTOGRAMM

Kriti s c h e Wilrd i g u n g d u r c h Mitarbeiter d e s INTERNATIONALE N
KRANKHEITSTRIBUN A L S b e i G e l e g e n h e i t d e r R e c h e rc h e n v o r Ort
s e i t e n s einer D e l e ga t i o n europ�.i s c h e r M e n s c h enrechts ­
b e auftragte r . A n l al3 u n d G e g e n st.and d e r E n q u e t e : d i e Arzt. e ­
v e rbre c h e n g e g e n P a t i e n t. e n i n d e r HEILan s t. a l t Wi e s l o c h , d i e
iirzte p o l itische Verfo l g u n g d e r Krankhe its - A n walte u n d w i e
dergl e i c h e n i n B o n n g e s eh e n w i r d . H e i d e l b e r g 1 9 8 3 .
ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 1 - 6 , 1 6 0 S . , D M 2 0 , - -
 202

P a t i e n t e n fr o n t O r n ) : zum HEILsfall Lan d e s kran k e n h au s ( h i e r :

Wi esloch ) . T r a d i t i o n u n d G e s c h i c h t e ; A n g r i ffe u n d Z i e l ­
k o n s t a n t e n d e s P a t i e n t e n w i d e rs t an d , R e a k t i o n s m e c h a n i k e n d e r
A rz t e . H e i d e l b e r g 1 9 9 1 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 5 - 9 , 6 6 S . , D M 6 . - -

P a t i e n t e n fr o n t (hu ) : K r a n k h e i t s R a t
KrankheHsRat ist Recht u n d b i l l i g ( n ach § 1 3 8 II StPO . ..
usw . - s e l b e r m a c h e n ! ) , A b s c h l u (3 p r u fu n g li b e rfli l l i g . Ohne
K u t t e , n e b e n b e i ; D ri l l i c h , N a c h t h e m d , e i n e r l e i .
H e i d e l b e rg 1 9 8 5 . I S B N 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 2 - 4 , 1 5 0 S . , D M 2 0 , - -
P a ti e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) : Iatromathematik u n d Dissi d e n z .
E n t h i rn u n g s an s c h l ag gegen M a t h e m a t i k e r . Experim e n t a l p ath o ­
p r a k t.i s c h e s Pro t o k o l J e i n e r A k t i o n . O b e r d a s H a n d w erk d e s
" l i n k e n " L e i t e rs d e r F e s t u n g s k l i n i k H o h e n a s p e r g D r . m e d .

M e c h l e r , i n d e r N a c h fol g e d e s SS - A rz t. e s D r . M a u c h . U n d w i e
i h m sel biges H a n d werk gel egt w u rd e , sid1e auch seine ver­
im Folge­
a n t w o r t u n g s v e rn e b e l n d e n K a p i t u l a t i o n s e rk l aru n ge n
j ah r : " M e u c h l e r - M o n o g r a p h i e " u n d S P I E G E L N r . 3 2 v o m 6 . 8 . 7 9 ) .
H o h e n a s p e rg 1 9 7 8 . 1 0 S . , D M 4 . - ( K o p i e ) .
G e rard H o f : H u n d e wollt i h r ewig sterben ! ?
O b e r s e t. z u n g u n d N a c h w ort v o n H u b e r WD , D r . m e d . ; V o rw o rt
v o n d e r P a t i e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) . M ti n c h e n 1 9 7 6 , 2 . A u fl .
H e i d e l berg 1 993. ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 ] - 2 0 - 5 , 21 5 S . , DM 20 , --

U Writings of illness in other l an gu a ge s , pu blished by KRRIM -

S e lbstver l a g fi1r Krankheit, H e i d e l berg:

Interview des Fro n tpatienten G . S . ( s i e h e : K r a n k h e i t b r i c h t

M e d i z i n ) m i t d e r T a g e s z e i t u n g IL L A V O R O am 2 5 . M a i 1 9 7 9 .
( H i n t e r g ru n d : S A R T R E m i t S P K , D . C O O P E R g e g e n M e d i k a l ­
d e rn o k rati e ) . Se v u o i v i v e r e d e v i a mm a l a rt i . P a s s a d a i c a m l c i
b i a n c h i l a s t o r i a v i o l e n t. a d e l p o t e r e . . . u n p a z i e n t e t e d e s c o ,

p e r s e g u i t a t o e t o rt u r at o n e l s u o p a e s e h a t r o v a t o a s i l o a
G e n o v a : m a l a s u a b a tt agl i a c o n t i n u a . D M 2 , - - Ko p i e

P a t i en te n fr o n t ( h u ) : Testi d e l COLLETTIVO SOCIA LISTA DEi

PAZIENTI (SPK) e del FRONTE DET PAZIENTI ( PF ) . E s t. r a t. t o d e !
l i b r o d e l F' R O N T E D E I P A Z I E N T J ( h u ) : ' K r an k h e i t , d i e G a n z h e i t
m i t Z u k u n ft ' ( M a l at t i a , l a i n t e r e zza c o n u n fu t u r o ) .

H u b e r ( SPK/PF) WD , D r m e d : ' I l C o n c e t t o D e l l a E i n z e l h a ft
. .

( d e te n zi o n e e s e gregazi o n e in i s o l am e n t o ) ' ; ' S u l l a

q u e s t i o n e : p e rch e rifi u t ar e d i a p p orre l a p r o p r i a fi rm a ?
S u l l a q u e s t i o n e : p e r c h e r i fi u t a r e l a v i s i t a m e d i c a ? ' ;
' C o m u n i c a zi o n e s u l l o s c i o p e r o d e l l a fam e d e l 6 / 1 1 / 7 5 d a l
F r o n t e d e i P a zi e n t i ' ; ' I a t r o c r a z i a s u s c a l a m o n d i a l e ' ;
' P o t. e r e , I a t r a rc h i a I M a l at t i a , V i o l e n z a ' ; ' I a tro c l a s t i a ' ;
' N u m e ri e R e s t i ' .
T r a s m i s s i o n e r a di o d e l F R O N T E D E I P A Z I E N T T ( h u ) ( i n c o l -
 203

l a b o r a z i o n e c o n Rad i o Drey e c k l an d ) . SPK ( h u ) : ' Di al e ttica

della Sessualita' d e l COLLETTIV O S O C I A LISTA DEI PAZIENTT .
A m s t e rd a m 1 9 8 9 . ISBN 3 - 9 2 6 4 9 1 - 1 6 - 7 , 8 4 S . , D M 1 5 , L 1 1 0 0 0
Patienten front ( h u ) : O v e r ziektewinst en patientenverzet.
2. A u fl . , Amsterdam 1 9 8 9 . 1 0 S . , D M 4 . - -
P a t i e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) : Letters con cerning the cooperation w it h
a patients ' group in Canada d u r in g a c am p a i gn a gainst
e l e ctrosh o c k ; stri k e - d e c l aration o f p atients fi g h t i n g agai n s t
m e d i ci n e , e s p e c i ally agai n s t p s y c h o p h arm aca; e t c .
Amsterdam 1 9 8 9 . 1 6 S . , DM 4 , - -
C o l e c t i v o S o c i a l i s t. a d e P a c i e n t e s ( h u ) : SPK - Racer d e l a
enfermedad un arma. Un texto d e agitaci6n del Colectivo
Socialista de Pacientes en la univ ersidad de Heidelberg .
C o n u n p r 6 l o g o d e J e an - P a u l Sartre . ( e n p r e p arac i 6 n )
C o l l e c t.i f Socialiste d e Patients ( hu ) : S P. K Faire de l a
. . ,

maladi e u n e arm e . Un texte d ' agitation du Coll ect.if

Socialiste de Pati ents a l ' u n i v ersite de Heid elberg. N o u v e l l e
tra d u c t i o n autori s e e d u Fro n t d e P a t i e n t s ( h u ) d a n s u n e
e d i ti o n completem e n t revt s e e , m a i n t e n ant av e c l a preface d e
J e a n - P a u l Sartre . ( e n prep arati o n )
Pri ces are s u bj e c t t o ch ange wi th o u t n o ti ce .

I I I Writings of illness in German l anguage , published by othEir

publishers

Berichte und ErkHirungen von Gefangenen . H u b e r ( SPK/PF )

W D , Dr . m e d . I n : K u rs b u c h 3 2 , s . 1 5 8 - 1 6 7 , B e r l i n 1 9 7 3

Nachwort des Informationszentrum Rote Volksuniversitiit.

M. G a gl i o , M ed i z i n und Profi t . M u n c h e n 1 9 7 3 .
In :

I V Writings of illness in other l anguages , published by other

publishers

S . P. K . 1 0 1 '''Y Y X A 2: 0 E N E I I:" E N A N T I A l:T O K E<t> A A A I O .

(Na µuaJ)aAAOUµE "t TJ V appWotlU O E 07tM), .rKoµµou11a» I Kotvw111Ka Klllflµ ara 4

Greek v er s i o n of: SPK - A u s der Krankheit eine Waffe

machen . A t h e n 1 9 8 4 .
Psychiatrl e Pollti qu e . L 'Affaire d e Heidelberg (S.P.K. ) .
Librairie Fran r; o i s M a s p ero , Paris 1 9 7 2 .
S.P.K., Faire d e l a maladie une arme. E d i ti o n s C h am p Libn� .
Paris 1 9 7 3 [ o u t of pri n t . In preparation by KRRIM : n e w
tran s l ation authorized by t h e P ati e n ten front ( h u ) i n a
completely r e v i s e d e d i t i o n , n o w w i th the preface of Jean ­
P a u l Sartre . )
 204

Proces du S . P . K . I n : C a h i ers d e R e c h e r c h e s , P a r i s , Mai 1 9 7 3 .

SPK, Fare della malattia u n ' arma . C o l l e t t i v o E d i tori al e ,
Gen o v a l 9 7 3 .
S o z i a l i s t i s c h e s P a t i e n t. e n k o l l e k t i v ( h u ) : D i a l e tti c a d e l l a
s e s s u alit a . I n : S e s s u a l l t. a e P o l i t i c a , D o cu m e n t i d e l C o n g r e s s o
i n t ern a zi o n a l e di psic an al i s i . M i l an o , 25-28 N o v embre 1 975.
I n t r o d u z i o n e e c u r a d i A rm a n d o V e r d i g l i o n e . V e n e z i a 1 97 6 . *>
P a ti e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) : L a iatrocrazia su s c a l a m on d i ale .
In : La Fol l i a , D o c u m e n t i d e ! C o n g r e s s o i n te r n a z i o n a l e d i
p s i c a n a l i s i , M i l an o , 1 -4 D i c embre 1 9 7 6 . I n t ro d u z i o n e e c u r a
d i Arman d o V e rd i gl i on e . M i l an o 1 977. *>

Pati e n tenfront ( h u ) : Potere , iatrarchi a/malat.ti a , violenza.

I n : II p o l i t i c o e l ' i n c o n s c i o . A cura di A rm an d o V e r d i g l i o n e .
Venezia 1 9 7 8 . *>

P a t i e n t e n fr o n t ( P F ) : A kt ie tegen mishandeling SPK l i d .

E x p e ri m e n t a l p a t. h o p r a k ti s c h e s Prot o k o l l e i n e r A k t i o n .
In : " G e k k e n k ran t " N r . 2 8 / 1 9 7 8 , A m s t e r d am . ( K o p l e )

P a t i e n t e n fro n t : Hongerstaking al s Pathopraktij k . H o l l a n d i s c h e

M o n a ts z e i t s c h rift P ro c e s , N r . 9 / 1 9 7 9 , L e e u w a r d e n (Kopi e )

P a t i e n t e n fron t : Pathopraxi s con tra Iatrocratenpraktij k . D e r

Fall D r . M e c h l e r . I n : ' t N ar re n s c h i p N r . 4 / 1 9 8 0 , U t re c h t . ( K o p i e )
P a t i e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) : Numeri e Resti . O g n i d e m o c r az i a e i n fi n
d e i c o n ti i a tro - d e m o c razi a , m o n o p o l i o d e l l ' orn i c i d i o m e d i c o
i n n al z ato a d o m i ni o d el p o p o l o . In : C O N TR O i n fo rm a z i o n e
N o . 1 8 , G i u gn o 1 9 8 0 , M i l an o . * >
Pati en tenfront (h u ) : IATROCLASTIA . I n : A s s em b l e a N o . 7
( D i c e rn b re 1 9 8 4 ) u n d N o . 8 ( F e b b r a i o 1 9 8 5 ) , Rom . • >
Estratto del libro d el F R O N T E D E I P A Z I E NTI ( h u ) : ' Krankh e i t
d i e Ganzh e i t mit Zukunft' ( M a l a tt i a , la totalita con un
fu t u r o ) . I n : I n v a r ! a n t i N o . 7 , A u t. u n n o 1 9 8 8 , R o m . *>

Th i s b i b l i og r a phy d e l i be ra t e l y omi t s t h e s e c o n d a r y
l i t e r a t u re o n t h e S P K , bo t h a s ex t en s i v e a s p a r t l y
s u pe r f i c i a l b e c a u s e o f t h e p r o v e d l i f e - h o s t i l i t y
( r a s s i s m a g a i n s t p a t i en t s ) o f i t s a u t h o r s . ( S e e a l s o :
=

I a t r o k r a t i e i m We l t ma � s t ah - I a t ro c r a c y on t h e w o r l d
scal e , p. 2f f )

* > a l s o p u b l i s h e d i n : P a t i e n t e n fr o n t ( h u ) : Testi d e l
C OLLETTIVO SOCIALISTA DEi P AZIENTI (SPK)
e del FRONTE DEi PAZIENTI (PF) .
 205

Comments on the SOCIALIST PATIENTS' COLLECTIVE ( SPK) and

on the PATIENTS ' FRONT (PF) * :

Ingeborg Drewitz (1 986}. The c o n c eption of i l l n e s s ( Kran k h e i ts ­

b e griff) , as it w as w o r k e d ou t by t h e SPK a n d by t h e P a t i e n t s '
F r o n t , sh atters all t h e b as i c fo u n d ati ons of t h e b u i l d i n g , w h i c h
is r o t t e n as a w h o l e .

People 's Uni versity a t Go ttingen (1 985} The Patients ' Fron t i s
t h e radicalized SPK . T h e Pati en ts ' Front attacks t h e r u l i n g
System as a m e d i c al power, that ' s to s ay , it attac k s e v e ry
pow e r ( . . . a l l e s Arztl i c h e . . . ) .

David Cooper (1 982): I n d e e d I h a v e w e l c omed t h e fo l l o w i n g

statem e n t of H ub e r - S P K : D o c tors n e e d patients , but patients
d o n ' t n ee d d o ctors - but n e v erth e l e s s I took i t for i m p o s s i b l e
to b e c arri e d o u t i n real ity . But mean w h i l e , realizing w h a t the
Pati ents ' Front h as achieved by doing, I c an ' t but c o n fess that
t h e n a m e d statemen t i n d e e d i s fu l fi l l e d a n d that by proo1'.

Felix Gua t tari (1 9 74): What there w a s t h e Pari s i an Com m u n e in

1 8 7 0 w a s i n 1 9 7 0 the SPK , t h e l atter i n a w ay more ripened
( 1 0 0 y e ars l ater, anyon e can d o th at - 1 0 0 Jahre spater, k e i n
Kunststil c k - ) .

Jean -Pa ul Sartre ( l 9 72): SPK . . . t h e on ly p o s s i b le r a d i c a li z i n g

w h i c h c an ' t b e d o n e by a n y anti - p sychi atry . . . i l l n e s s , t h e o n l y
p o s s i b l e form o f life i n capital i s m . I t ' s q u i t e true . . . abol ition
of the relation between d o c t o r an d p atient . . . . Illness b e i n g
now a r e v o l u t i o n ary forc e .

Senegaleze Liberation Movemen t (1 983): SPK i n alienable

fou n d a t i o n for e v ery s u c c essfu l revolution i n t h e Third World
and for e v ery revolution y e t to d o th e r e .

• Sel e c t i o n o f the an n e x e s from p . 2 0 5 - 2 1 6 by th e

r e d a c tion - c o l l e c t iv e KRRIM
 206

COMMENTS FROM OTHER

CONTINENTS :
" D e ath i s o m n i p r e s e n t in t h e l i fe . S P K d o e s n ' t fe t i s h i z e a
s i t u ati o n , b u t i t u n m a s k s t h i s c ath e d ral of d e ath . " SPK (m usi c ­
gro up i n A us tralia 1 98 1 )

" . . . l i b erati o n struggle of t h e PATIENTS ' FRONT in o r d er t o

a b o l i s h p s y c h i atry a n d m e d i c i n e Ma dn ess Ne t w ork Ne ws (San
"

Fran cis co, U. S. A . , a u t umn 1 986)

STRAT A :
. . fo r c o m p arati v e l y n a i v e r e l a t i o n s l i k e ours t o o m u c h S P K "
11
.
11

( " . . . fll r u n sere L e u t c h e n . . . " ; an d al s o : . fu r u n s e r e

. .

RA F (1 9 74 )
V e r h i:i.l t n i s s e
). . . 1
1

" L e t ' s l e arn f r o m t h e r e v o l u t i o n ary e x p e ri e n c e s o f t h e

S O C I ALIST PATIENTS ' C O LLECTIVE . " Curr:io/Valen tin o (Briga te
Rosse - Red Briga des - Italy 1 984)

TIMES :
11
. . . t h e m o s t imp ortan t ( d as E n t s c h e i d e n d e ) . . . a c h i e v i n g
c h a n g e s by d o i n g ( d i e v eran d ern d e Prax i s ) . . . but n e v erth e l e s s
w e p r e fe r p o l i ti c izi n g t h e w o rk ers ( B e t ri e b s a r b e i t ) d ra w i n g
a d v an t a g e s from t h e th ere ex i s ting h i e r a r c h y ( bringt ' s d i e
H i e r a rc h i e ) . " Failed (Ha t 's nich t g e bra ch t ) Ex - L a b o ur 's m a t ters
.

(Ex -Arbei tersa ch e) Munich 1 9 72, finish ed sin ce 1 9 73.

" . . . s h o u l d n ' t h av e made c o mprom i s e s but S P K , . . . many

Rel e a s e HD/HH 1 9 7 1 , fin i s h e d s i n c e 1 9 7 2

I n o r d e r to l e arn fro m t h e m i s t a k e s of t h e S P K by n o w
11 • • •

m a k i n g cl e a r d is ti n c t i o n s b e t w e e n w h at i s p o l i t i c s a n d w h at i s
p s y c h o analys i s . " S t u den t h elp - c en tre by Dr. Spazier/Bopp,
Heidelberg (HD) 1 9 75, finish e d sin ce 1 9 75.

" A LTERNATIVE" " NEWSPAPERS " ( " ANDEREN " "ZEITUNGEN " } :
I n s t e a d o f S O C I A LIST PATIENTS' C O L L E C T I V E : "SOCIALIST
PATIENTS ' C O LLECTIV E " ( " = s i gn s o f d i s c rim i n at i o n (= an ­
. . . II

Fuhru n gs z e l c h e n ; 1 9 70 - 1 98 7ff.)
 207

UNIVERSES (WITHIN THE WORLD SYSTEM, NOT " BESIDES" -

MITTENDRIN, NICHT "NEBENAN " ) :

" By i l l n e s s a n d w armth I am imme d i ately ab l e t o u n d erstan d

t h e matters of fact i n o c c u l tism . . . If I h a d k n o w n about i t
before , . . . then I s h o u l d h ave m a d e PATIENTS' FRONT , a n d if I
w o u l d h a v e d o n e s o , t h e y n e v e r s h o u l d h a v e h ad any c au s e to
c a l l me religiously m a d because o f a l l the B h a g w a n s a n d
A u r o b i n d o s I h a d m e t j u s t b e fore , a n d they n e v e r h a d b e e n
able to impris o n m e i n m e n t a l h o s p i t a l s f o r y e a r s , during the
period o f t h e l a s t 1 2 y e ars I h ad t o go through a n d to s u ffer
from t h o s e terrify i n g experi e n c e s in t h o s e times long ago , if w e
all together . . " Ex -Sannyasin (p u bli c comm unica ti on 1 98 7)
.

INTERVIEWS:
Q u e s t io n : " . . . t h i n g s , w h i c h n o t ( y e t ) h a d e x i s t e d during the
SPK? " - P F : " . . . W e are in t h e resistance struggle for i l l r n� s s ,
an d from there i t fo l l o w s q u i t e automatic a l l y t h a t w e are
against the d o ctors and the nazis ( F a s c h i s t e n ) and against
ev eryth i n g which h a s to d o with overk i l l i n g s i c k people
( Kranken - A u sm e rz e ) . . . T h e w ay by which such t h i n g s are m a d e
happen , the m e a n s a n d t h e meth o d s t o u s e , w h i c h a r e not
t h o s e o f occultism a n d n o t at all t h e meth o d s a n d the me ans
of therap y , b u t n e v erth e l e s s occult m e a n s a n d m e th o d s , because
t h e y are t h e m e a n s a n d m e t h o d s of p a t h o p r ac t i c e , w h i c h w e
u s e , a n d they c o n s i s t of w h a t w e m e n ti o n e d r e p e a te d ly d uring
t h e two d i s c o u r s e s w e j u s t have d o n e . " (" . . . M i t t e l und
Met h o d e n , keine o k k u l t e n , erst recht keine therapeuti s ch e n
Meth o d e n u n d Mitte l , s o n d e rn o k k u l t e , aber als path oprakti s c h e ,
d a v o n w a r i n u n s e r e n b e i d e n Vortragen h i e r m e h rfach d i e
R e d e . " ) PA TIENTS ' FRONT to th e q u es ti on o f a Swiss n e wspaper
man 1 98 7.

REPETITIONS:
"You w i l l n e e d to stru ggle by a l l m e an s , for t h e rulers o f' ou r
s o c iety intend to stop y ou contin u i n g y o u r p r a c t i c a 1 w ork
" Jean - Pa ul Sartre 1 9 72 (s ee: prefa ce p . 1, wi thin this book) .
 208

THROUGH ILLNESS , STRENGTH THE PATIENTS' FRONT -

(AUS KRANKHEIT STARK PATIENTENFRONT )

[ C l i p p i n g of a r a d i o tran s m i s s i o n by " Radio Dreye c k s l a n d " on 2 1

and 3 1 Janu ary 1 9 8 3 ( s e e : t h e b i b l i ograph y of t h e writings o f
i l l n e s s - Krank s c hrifte n v e rz e i c h n i s ) . ]

N o w a d ays there i s n o t h i n g b u n g l e d r o u n d more t h an at l i fe

( O b erh a u p t w ird h e utzutage n irge n d w o s o v i e l rumgep.fu s c h t als
am L e be n ) . There can ' t be any doubt t h at h e , w h o h as the
most d irect access to e v e ry kind of l i fe , i s the medical man .
For, w h at there a p p e ars i n the fas h i o n of l i fe , is i l l n e s s . It i s
u n d e r t h e pretext o f i l l n e s s , that t h e m e d i c al m an ' s acti v i t i e s
E� x p a n d i n t o all regi o n s : b u n g l i n g l i fe , d e s troying and k i l l i n g i t ,
that ' s w h at t h e m e d i c a l man p rimarily a n d fi n al l y d o e s ( . . .
verpfu s c h t , v e rn i c h t e t , ausmerzt ) . The Stat e , w h i ch i n d e e d i s
n o t h i n g b u t an organ i z e d form of c a p i talism giv e s h i m t h e
l egitimation to bungl e l i fe , t h e b u n gl i n g b ei n g m a s k e d b e h i n d
th e a u r e o l e o f HEIL ( c o mpare : h e a l , s a n c t u ary , h e alth , i n tegrity ;
t h i n k a l s o of t h e . German s a l u tation from t h e d ays of H i t l e r
a n d o f t h e gre e t i n gs of the o l d R o m a n gl adi ators : A V E ( H E I L !
imperator, m o ri tu ri te s al u t an t ) , and i t i s t h e m e d i c a l man
h i m s e lf, who repre s e n ts b y t h e H E I L , assoc i ated to him, the
c o n s t e l l at i o n i n t h e c e n t r e , g o v e rn i n g all o v e r i n t o h e av e n and
hell (in Himmel u n d Holle h i n e i nregi e rt. ) , and i n all w o r l d
p e r i o d s (zu a l l e n Zeiten ) , i n a l l s o c i e t i e s .

But t h e r e a l s o e x i s ts an e x p l o s i v e m i x ture of b u n g l e d l i fe a n d
c o n s c i o u s n e s s , a m i x t u r e , w h i c h d o e s n o t k e e p h i d d en i l l n e s s
a n y l o n g e r , b u t q u i t e on t h e c o n trary starts e x p re s s i n g i t ,
m a k i n g i t g o beyond i t s personal l i m i t s of the p arti c u l a r s i n g l e
l i fe , d e fe n d i n g i t s e l f again s t t h e t h e r a p e u t i c terrori sm , fo r h e ,
n a m e l y t h e m e d i c al man , b e c a u s e o f b e i n g u n ab l e t o h e a l at
all , so m u c h t h e more n e e d s to l e arn h o w to terrori ze b e s t .
With i n t h i s w ar.fare ( Kampfe s ge s c h e h e n ) s t arts a n i n t e r d e p e n ­
d e n c e o f e ffe c t s ( W e c h s e l w i rkun g ) a n d an i n n e r c o n n e c t i o n be ­
t w ee n the formerl y i s o lated person s , w h o u ntil t h e n hadn ' t
b e e n a b l e to d o more , than t o c are only a b o u t themse lves .
To t h o s e form erly l o n e l y p e r s o n s i l l n e s s n o w by l e a p s an d
b o u n d s ( s p ru n gh aft ) e n h a n c e s the c o n s c i o u s n e s s , the i n i t i a l l y
b e i n g e m p t y ( L e e r e ) o f t h i s c on s c i o u s n e s s n o w i s turn e d i n t o
th e l e s s o n ( L e h r e ) of the n e c e s s i ty of l e a rn i n g anew - l e arn i n g ­
by - l e arn i n g ( d e s Uml ernen - l ernen - L e rn e n s ) : form i n g fu ture b y
p ro d u c i n g fu ture , m a k i n g u s e of n o t h i n g b u t of one ' s own
acti v i ti e s , ex p an d i n g oneself beyond on e ' s own limits , gro w i n g
t o w a r d s e v eryb o d y and e v e ryth i n g . B e c o m i n g s k i l fu l fo r t h e
 209

c o smi c - s o c i al r e v o l u t i o n ( t li c h t i g z u w e r d e n zur k o s m i s c h ­
s o z i a l e n R e v o l u t i on )
.

I l l n e s s rath e r d o e s n ' t m e a n s u ffe ri n g , b u t q u i t e o n the c o n t r ary

i l l n e s s has to b e taken as the form u l a of pr o d u c i n g the w h o l e
of reality l i b e r a t e d from d o c tors ( Kran k h e i t . . . Herst e l l u n gs ­
k ategorie d e r n u r arztfrei m a c h b aren G e s am t w i r k l i c h k e i t ) .
Exactly b e c ause t h i s r e a l ity as t h e re a l l y w h o l e seemin gly
is mark e d by im p o s s i b i l i ty , e x a c tly b e c a u s e o f th at t h i s re ality
as a w h o l e n e i t h er is an u t o p i c reality , nor c an it be re gard e d
e s c h atologi c al l y as if i t were t i e d to a n y d o ctrine of HEIL
(HEAL) . It l s t h e u topat h y as a p erm anent proc e e d i n g , that
m e a n s as long as there e x i s t s i l l n e s s on t h e o n e han d , and as
there e x i s t s o n the othe r hand the task t o fo rm o u t o f e x a c t l y
th i s i l l n e s s , u n d erstood as i f i t w e r e the w h o l e obj e c t as a
c o mm o n o bj e c t ( Kran k h e l t G e s amtgegenstan d ) , t h e o n e and only
m a n k i n d ( d en e i n e n , e i n zi g e n M e n s c h e n - c ompare : adam
k a d m o n ) , w h o y e t has to b e p ro d u c e d ( S i e i s t. Ut.op ath i e i n
Perman e n z , d . h . s o l a n g e e s Kran k h e i t gibt u n d d e n d arau s a l s
Ge s amtge g e n s t a n d erst n o c h zu machenden elnen u n d e i n z i ge n
Menschen ) .

Thu s :
1 . I n stantly k i c k t h e m e d i c a l m e n o u t of all e x i s t e n t gr o u p s ,

w h i c h h a v e to d o with i l l n e s s , resistan c e groups w h i ch a c t

as patients' c o l l e c t i v e s !
2. M ak e , th a t an i n c r e as i n g n u m b er of d o c tors g e t b e r u fs v e rb o t
( proh i b i ti o n and e x c l u s i o n from p r o fe s s i o n ) , b u t n o t b e c a u s e
o f b o o z i n g , m u r d e r and s l ay and b e c a u s e o f malpractic•� s l i k e
t h o s e , b u t b e c a u s e of s o - c al l e d defi c i e n c i e s of c haracte r
( C h arakterdefe k t ) , a n d t h a t b e c a u s e o f r e s i s tan c e T h i n k
.

about w h o c an b e t a k e n I n c o n s i d e r a t i o n fo r that , ev e n
t o d ay !
3 . Keep y o u r i l l n e s s from b e i n g sto l e n ; rest aw arefu l ! For
within e v e rybody o f u s there p u trefi e s a p i e c e of m e d l c al
d o c tor !
Hurt ( k r a n k t ) in o rd e r to l i v e , l i v e in o r d e r to hurt .
Join the Tri b u n al s of I l l n e s s ( M a c h t mit beim Kran k h eits ­
tribunal ) , b u t be quite sure : o n l y t h e Last Judgement of
illness will b e t h e beginning o f your own tru e hist ory ( d a s
Kran k h e i tsWeltgeri c h t e r s t i s t d e r B e g i n n Eurer G e s c h iehte ) .
Until then your o w n life , w h i c h o f c o u r s e i s th e l i fe a t al l ,
w i l l remain t o b e m e d i c al l y b u n g l e d .

For problems a b o u t surgery - operati o n s , t h e p r o b l em " W h at - t o ­

d o - if- some o n e - h a s - broken - h i s - l e g? " , apply p a t i en t s ' c o ntrol
( P ati entenk o n tro l l e ) and y o u ' l l get along with t h i s probl e m , and
 210

t h e r e s t i s t o b e d on e b y i a t r o e i d e s (- I a trozi d e - p a th e n z i s e d
forc e , t h a t m e a n s t h e p o w e r t a k e n fr o m i l l n e s s - K r a ft a u s d e r
Krank h e i t ) .
And things like pros th e s e s , if t h e y a r e t h e re , b r i n g i n
a c t i o n th o s e c r u t c h e s a g a i n s t the m e d i c al m e n , i f y o u h a v e
h e s itated t o o l on g , all b ei n g too l ate n o w , as i t m a y s e e m
( e ru t c h e s - p i l l s , s y r i n g e s , pro s t h e s e s e t c . ) . It i s n o w i n t h e
seventh year, that w e do s o . An d it w o rk s ! Pro v e d in s o - c al l e d
g r a v e s t c a s e s . Th e re a l r e a d y e x i s t s th e fi rs t P A TI E N T S ' F R O N T
p ar a d i s e . T h e r e s i n c e t h r e e y e ars t h e b i o l o g i c an d t h e p s y c h o ­
p a t h o l o g i c o l d - a g e - d e a th , w h i c h w as p r e s c r i b e d for t h e hit
p e r s o n b y t h e p h y s i c i a n s , q u i t e o n t h e c o n t r a r y i s p e rm u t e d b y
u s al l ar o u n d th e c l o c k i n t o a n i n c r e as i n g l i fe o f c o n s c i o u s ­
ness.

D o st art , n o w , at o n c e ! M a k e many P A TIENTS' FRONT paradis e s !

In d u e t i m e we t h e n w i lI t e l l y o u , h o w t o d o i t . F o r t h e t i m e
fo r p r e s c ri p t i o n s i s o v e r a n d n o w al l d e p e n d s o n e ffi c i e n t
k n o w l e d g e , b o il e d k n o w l e d g e ( a u s g e k o c h t e s ) , h i gh c a r a t k n o w ­
l e d g e , ill k n o w l e d g e b o t h i n t h e d i s t a n c e a n d c l o s e by (hoch ­
k a r a t i g e s , fe rn - u n d n a h k ra n k e s ) , t e l e - an d s y m p a t h i c k n o w ­
ledge (tele- u n d symp a t h i s c h e s ) , b r a n d n e w k n o w l e d g e ( b r a n d ­
n e u ) , h u t w e l l p r e p a r e d b y t h erm o m i m e t i c s . N o m e d i c a l t e rr o r
fac t o ry , b u t d i a p a t h i c s , a n d a l l ab o u t a n d a l w ay s p ro v e d b y
e x p e ri e n c e (und i m m e r u n d ii b e ra l l d i e P r o b e d ar a u f ) .

L a s t y e a r w e h a d to w o rk on t h r e e t r i a l s a g a i n s t m e d i c a l m e n ,
t r i a l s w h i c h w e re d i r e c t e d a g a i n s t t h e HEILan s t a l t ( m e n t a l
h o s p it a l ) W i e s l o c h a n d i n t h e c o u r s e o f t h o s e t ri a l s w e r e
s e n t e n c e d as w e l l s o m e s e v e n j u d g e s a n d l ay -j u d g e s . A n d t h e
s e n t e n c e s w e r e d o n e b y t e n t h o u s a n d s o f p e r s o n s an d a.g ai n
an d agai n . A g a i n a n d a g ai n th o s e j u d g e s a n d d o c t o r s w e re
s e n t e n c e d b y a m a s s b a s e o f p r o t e s t a n d r e s i s t a n c e a l l ab o u t
i n E u ro p e a n d f a r a w a y i n c l u d i n g o th e r c o n t i n e n t s , a n i n ­
c r e a s i n g l o t o f c o rre s p o n d i n g i n t e r d e p e n d e n c e s of e ffe c t s ( e i n e
e u r o p a w e i t e u n d n o c h v i e l w e i t e r e , k o r r e s p o n d i er e n d e M a s s e n ­
basis . . . ) . T h o s e afo r e s ai d t h r e e tri a l s a g a i n s t m e d i c a l m e n ,
tri a l s w h i c h t h e m s e l v e s are to b e u n d e rst o o d as j u s t t h a t , w h a t
they i nd eed are in reality , and that is to s a y , t h at t h e y a r e
p r o v i n c i a l , p e r i ph e r a l e v e n t s w i t h i n th e w h ol e of a s o c i e ty ,
w h i c h i t s e l f i s h i t b y its s u p e r s t i t i o n for H E I L ( H E A L ) a n d
h e a l t h , t h e w h ol e of a s o c i e t y b e i n g i t s e l f p u l l e d to t h e i atro ­
c a p i t a l i s t o ffs i d e of i t s m a d n e s s ( . . . in einer . . . i n s i a t ro ­
k a p i t al i s t i s c h e A b s e i t s v e r - rii c k t e n G e s am t g e s e l l s c h a ft ) . B u t
th. i s k i n d o f d i s s i d e n t ' s n i g h tm a re h a d b e e n o v e r a n d i n d e e d
h a d h a d n o fu t u r e s i n c e 1 9 7 6 , t h a t ' s t o s a y l o n g b e fo r e s o m e
g o v e r n i n g S t a t e - p s y c h i a t r i s t h a d i n s t i g a t e d t h o s e fro m t h e
 211

t a l k in g m a c h i n e ( Q u a s s e l app arat ) a n d from t h e c u d ge l mac h i n e

( Kn ii p p e l ap p ar a t ) i n o u r p arti c l e State ( L an d l e ) t o prepare on a
high s c a l e t h e i r attacks quite g l o r i o u s l y against tw o l awy1�rs
am o n g s om e t h o u s an d s and l ast n o t l e a s t al s o agai n s t o n e o f
t h e i r fem a l e c o u n c e l l o rs - at - i l l n e s s ( u n d d a zu n o c h e xtra g e g e n
ein e B e i s t an d i n mit P a u k e n u n d Trompeten m o b i l zu m a c h e n ) .

M ay b e p e r s o n s from t h e outer w o rl d , o r p e r s o n s w h o b e l i 1w e i n
t h e m e d i c al m e n were fl abbergast e d , w h e n i l l n e s s i n t h e mental
h o s p i t a l ( H EI L a n s t a l t ) m a d e u s e of the h u n g er - s tr i k e b e i n g its
w e ap o n n o w , t h a t because o f th at t h e number o f pati e n t s ,
c l o s e ly t i e d together by t h e i r resistanc e , w a s increasing from
30 to 70 w i th i n the year, in w h i c h the n am e d p r o c e s s e s agai n s t
m e d i c a l m e n t o o k p l a c e , t h a t the w o m e n in the HEILanstalt
( m e ntal h o s p i t a l ) j o i n e d t h e m starting riots against the d octors
a n d t h e n u r s e s , and that the fro n t of the e n emi e s - infl u e n c e d
by the protests from foreign c o u n tr i e s - at l e as t b e g i n s t o
s p l i t i n t o j u r i s t s a g a i n s t m e d i c al m e n . But t h e r e a r e p e o p l e wh o
w o n d er and w an t to m a k e u s b e l i e v e that re s u l t s l i k e t h o s e
w e r e i m p o s s i b l e w i t h o u t b e i n g b a s e d on a l arge su p p ort from
outsi d e an d e s p e c i al l y being managed by an academic inte l l i ­
g en c e , thu s by a n e l i t e d i s p o s i n g o f e v ery k i n d of m e d i c ally
form e d a n d n orme d k n o w - h o w .
O n l y the refu t a t i o n by p r a c t i s e b e i n g d o n e an d prov e d c an
serve agai n s t t h i s fal s e opi n i o n , a refu t a t i o n by practi s e on
wh i c h t h e fu ture o f the pati e n t s ' resistance d e p e n d s , b e l t the
most i s o l at e d and the m o s t a t o m i z e d ( v er e i n z e l t ) resistan c e ,
d o n e w i t h i n t h e w a l l s of a b a n g h os p i tal o f t h e H E I L (Knall ­
burg d e s HEILs ) , w h at e v e r i t m i ght be .

I n d e l i b l e o r i e n tat i o n remains t h e h u n g e r - stri k e in 1 9 7 5 , n o t

c o m b i n e d w i th any c o n d i ti o n s at a l l a n d u n l i m i t e d i n tim€! ,
d o n e i n the p r i s o n ' s h o s p i t a l o f H o h e n a s p e r g , and a l w ays b e ­
tween surgery and psychi atry , a n orient ati o n th u s , b e c ause of
b e i n g a p a s t matter o f fac t o n the o n e h a n d , b u t n e v e rth e l e s s
e v e n m o r e effi c i e n t regar d l e s s o f i t s o b s t i n ately h a v i n g b e e n
h u s h e d u p both a l l aro u n d o u t s i d e an d i n t h e i n n e r o f thi s
fortress at t h o s e time s . To t h i s h u n g er - s t r i k e there h a d pre ­
c e d e d a strike against e v ery k i n d of p r i v i l e ge s and b e n e fits ,
w h i ch t h e phys i c i an in t h e prison tak e s for good e n o u gh to
d e c e i v e a pri s o n e r b y the impre s s i o n o f h e alth , and this re ­
s i s t an c e h a d b e e n started fo ur y e ars e arli e r w i t h an incrie a s i n g
i n t e n s ity by s t a ge s . N o e x am i n at i o n , n o tre atm e n t , absolutely
n o t a l k i n g t o the m e d i c al men or t o their c o u rt s o r t o their
p o l ic e , n o s i n gl e s t e p or m o v e m e n t to w ards t h e m i f they came
or i f they begged for som eth i n g , o f c o u r s e n o calling them by
the b e l l - p u s h o f the pri s o n c e l l , n o s h u t t i n g the d o o r if they
 2J 2

o p e n e d i t , n o s i gn a t u re s , no v i s i ts , n o l e t t e rs , n o re c e i v i n g
p a rc el s , n o fre s h a i r , n o w a l k i n g n or m o v e i n t h e p ri s o n c o u r t ,
b e c a u s e a l l pri v i l e g e s or b e n e fi ts li k e t h e s e h a v i n g b e e n
c e n s u re d .
T h e an s W f! r to this re s i s t a n c e b e h av i o u rs was t h e m e d i c a l l y
pres cri b e d embargo o f a l l c o n t a c t s , l o ng a g o before there
existed t h e s o - c a l l e d K o n t a k t s p e rre g e s e t z ( l aw agai n s t c o n t a c t s
i n p ri s o n , al s o c o n c e r n i n g l a wyers ) , but i n v e rsi v e l y the r e
r e s u l t e d f or t h e fi r s t time , t h at there t o o k p l a c e meetings w i t h
t h e l a w y e r and with v i s i t o r s , w h i c h were t o t al l y fre e o f b e i n g
w atch e d , fo r t h e v i s i tors from o u t s i d e more an d more i n s i s t e d
o n h a v i n g a g l a n c e at t h e p ri s o n e r to s e e w h e t h e r h e w a s yet
alive a n d t h e guard i an g o v e r n ors s u ffe red more an d more from
b e i n g w o rn o u t w h i ch fi n al l y w a s all t h e more u n t o l erab l e for
t h e m , b e c a u s e fo rtu nately they l a c k e d any p o s s i b i l i ty t o
tran s fe r t h e pri s o n e r t o another prison h o s pi t al far away a n d
b e c a u s e i n the m e a n t i m e they h a d a l s o e x h au s t e d a l l t h e i r
p o s si b i l i t i e s t o break the p ri s o n e r by g o i n g on o r d e r i n g o n e
q u aran t i n e aft e r a n o t h e r , and t h u s fi n a l l y fo r them t h e r e
remai n e d o n l y t h e o n e p o s s i b i l ity t o k e e p o p e n t h e d o o r o f t h i s
p r i s o n er ' s c e l l , r e n o u n c i n g a l s o t h e i r i n t e n ti o n t o r e v o k e h i s
. d u e l i b eration b e c a u s e o f t h e e n d o f t h e s e n t e n c e u n d e r t h e
pretext o f pun i s h i n g h im o n c e m o r e b e c a u s e o f h i s r e s i s t a n c e
b e h a v i o u r j u s t m e n t i on e d , t h u s c o n firm i n g by practi s e , t h a t
t o rt u r e m u s t b r e a k d o w n an d c o m e t o its e n d o n e w a y o r
an o t h e r , i f t h e tortured pri s o n e r d o e s n o t h i n g b u t k e e p i n g h i s
obstinate silence .

O n l y fr o m t h o s e fo rms of resistan c e , d e v e l o p e d b y an i s o l ated

pri s o n e r who w a s exposed t o e x treme c o n d i t i o n s o f d e t e n t i o n ,
t h e r e h a s r e s u l t e d t h e p o s s i b i l i t y b o t h fo r d o i n g and s t u d y i n g
w h i c h d e l i v ered t h e fo u n d at i o n s f o r t h e n o w p e rmanently d o n e
m as s - ri o t s i n t h e m e n t a l h o spital o f W i e s l o c h .

From t h i s i t fol l o w s t h a t : m u r d e r and m a n s l aughter t h e r e i n y o u

c a n ' t i n h i b i t , e x c e p t by start i n g permanent attacks agai n s t th e
m e d i c a l m e n , w h i l e at th e s a m e ti m e enforc i n g c ontrol of t h e
h o s p i t a l c o n d i ti o n s fro m o u ts i d e , but n o t h i n g gets g o i n g
t h erei n , n o t h i n g c o n t i n u e s w o r k i n g with o u t referr i n g to t h e
e x e m p l ary written h i s t o ry , written by the i n t e n s i fi e d a n d
i n cr e a s e d c o n s c i o u s n e s s ( ge s t e i gertes Bewu f3t s e i n ) formed b y
u s i n g u n d e r t o t a l r i s k and e ffo r t s t h e p a t h o p r a c t i c s o f t h e
i m p o s s i b l e i n st e a d o f p o l i t i c s d i sregard i n g all d i s a d v antages
,

a n d refu s i n g any comp romi s e , refu s i n g a l s o e v e ry k i n d of

p o l i t i c s d efi n e d as : art o f that b e i n g p o s s i b l e ( P o l i t i k a l s Ku n s t
d e s M o g l i c h e n ) b u t d o i n g w h a t s e e ms t o be t h e impo s s i b l e and
,

j o i n i n g that w h i ch tru ely i s fro n t : H u b e r WD - SPK - , is he

 213

w h om w e d e al w i th h e re . For i t w as h e , w h o attac k e d t h e
m e d i c a l men i n s t e a d of r e m a i n i n g h i m s e l f a c: a r i s m a t i c t h e ra p i s t
a n d an i n g e n i o u s l y practi c a l m an of p h i l o s o p h i e s
(System atiker ) . F o r if t h e r e d o e s n ' t e x i s t a n y m a c h i n e ry o f
h e al i n g there a l s o w i l l be n o w ar , n o n u c l e a r p o w e r Stat e
( A toms t a a t ) , n o fas c i s m . It w a s Wolfg an g Hub e r , w h o n e v e r
h e si t a t e d , n o t e v e n for a mom e n t , to m a k e fr o n t agai n s t t h e
p r i s o n s ( Kn a s t ) a n d h o s p i t a l s ( Kl aps e ) an d w h o gruffl y refu s e d
t h e c areer of a p o l i t i c a l p r i s o n e r offe red t o h i m n o t o n l y b y
t h e pri s o n g o v e r n o r s , b u t a l s o by o t h e r c o m r a d e s ( G e n o s s E! n ) , i n
ord e r t o fi n d o u t , i f o n e c o u l d r e l y on i l l n e s s y e t q u ite
b en e at h a n d i s o l a t e d i n a tortu r i n g cel l, t h u s p r o v i n g if i. l l n e s s
k e e p s i t s p r o m i s e g i v e n to a l l w h o i n a n y w ay e v e r h a d b e e n
c o n t a c t e d d i r e c t l y or i n d irectly by t h e SPK . F o r w i t h o u t the
h e a l i n g m a c h i n ery no torturi n g fa s c i sm c an fu n c ti o n , n o iatro ­
c a p i t a l i s t p s e u d o - d em o c r ats s o c i e ty , n o n u c l e a r w a r .

Th e form e r p o l i c e m i n i s te r at Bonn r e c e n t l y h as brought i n t o

c i r c u l a t i o n a b i g study of a p s y c h i atrist s p o u s e , i n w h i c h there
i s dealt e s p e c i a l l y agai n s t a n d w i t h D r . W o l fgang H u b e r . For
those who are j o i n e d to h i m i n fri e n d s h ip are l a c k i n g n o t only
t h e words b e c a u s e of fav o u r i n g the w e ap o n i l l n e s s , but a l s o
they a r e l a c k i n g both time and s e n s e fo r p e r s o n al ity c u l t ,
w h at e v e r s h o u l d b e th e premi s e s .
T h e b i g t h i n g is e x u b erating w i t h spe l l i n g m i s t a k e s a n d
w i th a l l k in d s o f other e r r o r s , but a l s o it i s bu r s t i n g with
s u p e r l a ti v e s , w h i c h p a r t i a l l y e v e n a r e m i t i g a t e d ( g e b rems t ) , i n
sho r t : t h e big thing i s at th e wh ole n o thing b u t a fl i c k er c h e s t
( F l immerk i s t e ) o u t of gal l b l a d d e r - an d s o c i a l p o l i c: e - gr e e n
( F l immerk i s t e aus Gall e - u n d Sozi algriln ) . J u s t l i k e t h e
G re e n i e s (Die G rti n e n = m o d e rn i s t p o l i t i cal p arty ) i n t h e i r
p l atform the p s y c h i atri s t spouse e x pl a i ns u s i n g t h e p r e s e n t
p o l i c e m i n istry t h a t h e alth h as to b e re gard e d by e v e rybody a s
t h e m o s t i m p or ta nt d em a n d i n a l l p o li ti c s , an d t h at s h e h e r s e l f
s h o u l d b e t h e c o m p e t e n t p e r s o n for t h e p a ti e n t s , b e c au s e t h e y
w e re a manyfo l d l y suppre s s e d m i n ority . J u s t as t h e Gre e n i e s
a n d all t h e o t h e rs w h o s h e h e r s e l f c a l l s terrorists , s h e a l s o
prefers w h a t s h e i s c al l in g i n h e r w o r d s a s o u n d stre s s - - e v e n
t h e n if t h i s k i n d of s t r e s s s h o u l d b e i n s o me c as e s t h e
s t a r t i n g p o i n t of an i l l n e s s - t o t h e c o s m o p o l i t i c ally s o
treme n d ou s c o m p l e x d e fi n i t i o n o f i l l n e s s ( Krankhe i t s b e gr i ff) ,
e s p e c i a l l y as t h e d efi n i t i o n of i l l n e s s ( Kr a n k h e i t s b e griff)
re pre s e n t s the r e v o l u ti o n ary s u bj e c t , e s p e c i a l l y as i t represents
i l l n e s s as a w e ap o n , w e apon of k n o w l e d g e a n d c h an g e .
B u t d i ffer e n t to t h e Gre e n i e s s h e h e r s e l f t a k e s a s ummary
agai n s t u s , regard i n g us as i f w e w ere , as she w r it e s : a
d i s agreeable q u e s t i o n to t h e fu ture , fo r i n our ey e s , w e j u st
 214

m e n t i o n e d i t , 1 l l n e s s i n t h i s v i e w i s n o t a t al l s o m e t h i n g w h i c h
c o u l d b e t a k e n for b e i n g q u e s t i o n a b l e , b u t q u i t e on t h e
c o n trary i l l n e s s fo r u s i s t h e p r o d u c t i v e fo rm u l a ( H e rs t e l l u n g s ­
k at e g o ri e ) t o form fu ture by m o s t rad i c al i s e d l o v e ( i n
radik a l s t e r L i e b e ) , m o s t c ordi a l s o l i d ari ty ( a l l e rh e rz l i c h s t e r
V e r b u n d e n h e i t ) , a n d c o m m u n i s m - a d v erse c o m m u n ity
( k om m u n i s m u s w i d ri g e r G e m e i n s am k e i t ) .
A c h i e ftai n o f t h e Gre e n i e s i n th e state p a rl i am e n t o f B ad e n ­
W i.i r t t e m b e r g o n e y e ar ago t h e r e m a d e u s e of m u c h m o r e d i s t i n c t
e x p re s s i on s , . w h e n h e t q ) d t o u s p o i n t - b l a n k c l e a r : y o u a r e n o t
m e a n t t o e x i s t O h r g e h o rt w e g ) . T h o s e w h o go t o o fa r , m u s t b e
s e l e c t e d . Wh a t w e , t h e Gre e n i e s n e e d , i s n o t you w i t h y o u r
i l l n e s s , what w e n e e d a r e t h o s e w h o are healthy, w h o w i s h to
remain it, and those d o n ' t vote for y o u , but quite on t h e
c o n trary f o r u s . Why t h i s c h i e ft a i n i s n o t y e t e x p l i c i t e l y a
v i c ti m of t h e 2 0 J u l y { - d ay o f th e fai l e d a s s a u l t a g ai n s t
H i t l e r ) , j u s t a s t h e s am e e x p l i c i t e l y t h e n am e d fa c u l ty - s p o u s e
a n d c h ri s t i a n - d e m o crati c t o w n c o u n c i l l o r y o u ' l l n ever k n o w , b u t
p e r h a p s t h i s c h i e ft a i n o f t h e G re e n i e s f o r t h a t a g a i n i s t o o
green . A t any r a t e w e f o r o u r p art a l w ays k n e w v ery w e l l w h at
a b o u t t h o s e guys . B u t h e w h o k n o w s by h i m s e l f w h a t h e h a s t o
d o c e rt a i n l y n e v e r w i l l v o t e for th e G r e e n i e s ( b u t w e o u r s e l v e s
are not e l igib l e ! ) : - f o r h e who h a s g o t t h e p a i n , d o e s n ' t n e e d
t o v o t e again ( d e n n w e r d i e Q u al h at , d e m i s t d i e W a h l
geschen k t ) .
We o u r s e l v e s e v e n take t h e w o r d p o w e r as a w o r d fo r a
p l e o n asti c w o r d of a b u n d an c e , fir s t l y a n d e s p e c i al l y if t h i s
p o w e r i s j o i n e d to t h e fe i n t e d a n d b l am e fu l r e a l i t y o f a
parl i am e n t , t h u s n o t h i n g b u t a n o t h e r c o m p o n e n t of t h e
i atrarchy { HEILsge w al t ) , w h i c h b y a l l m e a n s i s to b e a b o l i s h e d ,
j u s t l i k e a n y o t h e r m e d i c a l th i n g . W e as PA TIENTS ' FRONT
c o n fr o n t it with t h e L a s t J u d g e m e n t o f I l l n e s s ( Kran k h e i t s ­
Weltgeri ch t ) , a n d c a l l e a c h p o w e r i atrarc h y , b e c au s e ev ery k i n d
o f p o w e r fo l l o w s t h e ru l e s a n d t h e n o rm s o f t h e m e d i c i n e , a n d
say i n g s o , w e prov e , th at w e e v e n c o u l d a c h i e v e b e i n g u n d e r ­
s t o o d by t h e d o c tors , i f w e e v e r s h o u l d b e fo n d o f be i n g
u n d er s t o o d by th em .
B u t w h at w e t r u l y w a n t i s , w h a t alm o s t e v e r y b o d y w a n t s : t o
get along with their illn e s s .

To a l l t h o s e w e p o s e t h e s ame re qu i r e me n t : d o s o m e t h i n g for
y o u , m a k e the PA TIENTS ' FRONT y o u r s el v e s . You d o n ' t n e e d at
o n c e , b e gi n n i n g to p u t u s a s i d e , n o t even by d o i n g n o th i n g
( . . . a u c h n i ch t bei hllfsw e i s e m i t t. e l s U n tatigk e i t ) . D o quite
s i m p l y n o t h i n g b u t making u s repl a c e a b l e (. . . m a c h t u n s
il b erfl i.i s s ig ) .
For u n t i l n o w y o u are b e ar i n g a n d t r a n s ferri n g i l l n e s s i n s t e a d
 21 5

of the n e w man, w h o i s b o th , a u n i t and truly an ind i v i du a l

(... a n s t e l l e d e s e i n e n , e inzi g e n M e n s c h e n ) . B u t a l l re s ­
p o n s i b i l i ty i s o n o u r s i d e . W h a t y o u b e a r , i s a h e avy l o a d , b u t
w h a t i s e a s i e r? G e t d o w n to t h e b i rth of y o u r illness, get d ow n
to yourse lf, I n o r d e r th at y o u fi n a l l y m a y r i s e yourself,
u n s e p ar a t e d b y r e i n fo r c e d c o n c r e t e ( S t a h l b e t o n ) , p o i s o n , s u r g e ry
k nives (Skalpell ) , a r t i c l e s a n d p a r t i c l e s , r i s i n g w h o l l y , w h at
m e a n s c o m p l e t e l y , p e rfe c t l y a n d i n a l l t h e future ( . . v o l l ­
.

s t a n d i g , e n d gU l t i g u n d n a c h h a l t i g ) , i n s i d e an d outsi de with , and

w i t h o u t H E i l a n s t a l t ( h o s p i t al ) ,
but n e v e r again HEIL (HEAL) !
Through illness, strength - the PATIENTS ' FRONT. The whole worl d u p s l d e d o w n ?
Utopath l e k n o w s very w e l l h o w to offend

WE overcome
Dying d isappear

HEIL, bread and money

Fever buri e s light and night

Awaken In pai n , not tame nor la e,

Only completeness

I
crashes constructively
and m culously

Catastrophe spins and se faes

�Ire I
i
the most In · eve
"•
l
grammatically
·.., -... I
· .""
parllamentarlly
'·,
prai s i ng Health

la r l e we l t ?
p a t l e a t e n f ro a t . '9 e r ke
gekoaat

aa c ll t e r b r a c b t :
ll l z a h • a o c b t a ll • , g e
I • s c la • e r ze r d rl !� c bL lt � la at l ca • d • a c ll t
•
f t e b e r bee s a c b e n
M a r g aa ae za d 11.r a c h e a
Aa f b awa a d e r s a •
u ad
a ad s t c ll v e r b e i G l
a a t a s t r o p b e ta ij da ll ll ce kr •:� : ! • t
� �· A. l l tt at gka wo ll l z
c:.r a aaa e a t a rl tt aa cc lllb
p a r t aa ad b e l t p r e t s l
Ge a a
r t f f : R E'9 0 L U T I O M :
r & r a a k ll e t t t ll r B e g
�: 1:· ��! . : : f f e aE r( kd e) n a r re a s c ll l f f
& r a a kbs e tt bt r d eW£r R D E t
&o a ao wM. r ae t o a
ae l•
Dines& and B$Y.Ollltion

It's a matter of fact that the economic •1¥1 materialistic

"prosprity" of the working class from nowadays wbidl is o1Q
a relative welfare in western industrial nations, resultin1 lroDI
the arfare between one das.t against the other, a welfare wtileh
bas nothing to do with a "Just" portion of the working-. in a
"natural" evolution, this matter of fact U& been hidden more or
leas ,....lully b)' tlae agents of capitalism until nowadays.

Al we khOw from Marx there exists a llistoric necessity UJPag

that t.-. the contradictions of capitalism must result soclalisin.
Tbla aeegsit_.r wblda constitutes an Intrinsic fador In tile inner
fltadl l*'80D is1Dn.., from wbiela tbeeubject suft'en are tie
lntenaal contradietiOlll whi�la alter c:onsdOUSb• and urp tile
sutrerlng subject to ad. The neemlty Is the need of each �
sutrerina in �oasness and aensuallty..

On the one band i lln• 11- ptochldive power. On the otllet .biuftt
iclentitJ Of prochldlOJI nd destrudlon Dlnest Is cOncept (llgrift)
of aD relltloas of produdioit (Pn.Mluktioamrblltni$'8J.
The basic an�an (GrandWidtnpntda) between�
powen (fones or PfOdudlon, Produid.rlfte) and relatkm of
production II to be lbOllatlt in this manner, that illnea ii au
aromad tbe necessft1 whldl produces its own complement (Ge
.tell)� revolution. Tbe patlelitl are in illnes.t tllUs the molutiona
eta. {revOlutloalre Klasle) by themselves (an sicb; that meana