Amendments XIII, XIV, and XV

Amendment XIII (1865)

Section 1
Neither SLAVERY nor Involuntary Servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted, Shall Exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XIV (1868)
Section 1
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States
and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or
immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
Section 2
Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole
number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of
electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial
officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being
twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state.
Section 3
No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office,
civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer
of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, Shall Have Engaged in insurrection or rebellion against
the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House,
remove such disability.
Section 4
The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions
and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States
nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or any Claim for the Loss or Emancipation of any SLAVE; But All Such Debts, Obligations and Claims Shall
Be HELD ILLEGAL AND VOID.
Section 5
The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
Amendment XV (1870)
Section 1
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Section 2
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The Emancipation Proclamation, which was a political move and did not actually free the slaves,
resulted in Maryland and Missouri freeing their slaves within two years. The Fugitive Slave Act
was repealed during this time, and Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the
Constitution in 1865. The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery. The nation was reunited, and
slavery was a thing of the past. However, after the Thirteenth Amendment, Lincoln felt he needed
to make sure the South did not reinstitute slavery in some other form, while bringing the Rebels
back into the union.

The Fourteenth Amendment, whose ratification is still today questioned, because the southern
states ratified it under duress, and with northerners in their government, was ratified in 1868. The
provisions, according to some, change the Bill of Rights to apply to the States, and eliminates
State Sovereignty. Originalists have challenged that interpretation, and indicate that the 14th
Amendment does nothing of the sort.

In Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, the subject of citizenship is addressed. Note that
Natural Born Citizenship is not addressed in this clause. Also note that through the anchor baby
argument hinges on this clause, the clause does not say that anyone born in the U.S. is a citizen.
It more specifically says "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the
jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States. . .

Since illegal aliens are not subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, their children born in the
U.S. are not automatically American citizens.

The equal protection clause, and due process clause, that winds down this section are not
necessary. All citizens are already protected under Article IV.

Section 2 ensures that all citizens are counted, including former slaves, for the purpose of
apportionment.

Section 3 handicaps the opportunities for rebels to hold office.

Section 4 ensures the war debts belong to the States that caused them.

Amendment XV ensures that all citizens can vote.

Contrary to popular opinion, these amendments were specifically written to correct the wrongs of
slavery, and apply to the emancipated slaves, not to gender, lifestyle, or other non-race groups.

--------------

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7500, www.faitharmory.com - For providing us with a classroom to meet in.

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TOPIC:
 Original Intent
 Constitution Summary
 Preamble (Outline)
 Preamble
 Article I (Outline)
 Article I
 Article I, Section 1 (Establish Federal Powers)
 Article I, Sections 1 and 2
 Article I, Section 3
 Article I, Sections 4-7
 Article I, Section 7
 Article I, Section 8
 Article I, Section 8, Clauses 1 - 10
 Article I, Section 8, Clauses 11 - 18
 Article I, Section 9, Clause 1
 Article I, Section 9, Clause 1 (Migration)
 Article I, Section 9, Clauses 2 and 3
 Article I, Section 9, Clauses 4-8
 Article I Review
 Article II Preview
 Article II
 Article II, The Executive Branch
 Article II, Powers of the President
 Article III
 Article IV, Section 2 (Uniform Treatment of Citizens)
 Articles IV and V
 Article V. Convention
 Article VI, Section 2 (Introduction)
 Articles VI and VII
 Bill of Rights
 1st Amendment (Introduction)
 1st Amendment
 2nd Amendment (First Introduction)
 2nd Amendment (Second Introduction)
 2nd Amendment
 2nd Amendment: McDonald v. Chicago
 3rd Amendment
 4th Amendment
 5th Amendment
 6th, 7th, & 8th Amendments
 9th Amendment
 10th Amendment
 11th Amendment
 12th Amendment
 13th Amendment
 14th Amendment
 15th Amendment
 16th and 17th Amendments (Text Only)
 18th Amendment
 19th Amendment
 20th Amendment
 21st Amendment
 22nd Amendment
 23rd Amendment
 24th Amendment
 24th Amendment (Regarding Open Primaries)
 25th Amendment
 26th Amendment
 27th Amendment
 Abolition of Slavery (General Notes)
 Arizona Immigration Law
 Bill of Attainder
 Bill of Attainder (British Petroleum)
 Borders and Immigration
 Branches of Government
 Capitation
 Commerce Clause (Article from Political Pistachio)
 Constitution: Social Contract
 Danbury Baptists: Letter From Jefferson
 Danbury Baptist Letter to Thomas Jefferson, 1801
 Danbury Baptist Association's Letter to Thomas Jefferson, October 7, 1801
 Dividing Voting Powers: Madison's Notes May 31, 1787
 Ex Post Facto Law
 Exclusive and Concurrent Jurisdiction
 Executive Orders
 Express Powers
 Federalist No. 23
 Federalist No. 41
 Federalist No. 45
 Federalist No. 51
 Freedom of Religion
 Freedom of Speech
 Freedom of the People to Peaceably Assemble
 Freedom of the People to Petition the Government for a Redress of Grievances
 Freedom of the Press
 General Will (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)
 Gun Rights Judicial Cases
 Habeas Corpus
 Implied Law (Introduction)
 Implied Powers
 Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists (Final Letter)
 Judicial Activism
 Judicial Branch
  Limited Government Definition
 Madison Public Works Veto, 1817
 Madison Veto of Public Works Bill, 1817
 Militia: Composition and Classes; U.S. Code
 Militia Act of 1903 (The Dick Act)
 Miracle of American Experiment
 Miranda Rights
 Necessary and Proper Clause - Justice Clarence Thomas, 2010
 Original (Lost) 13th Amendment
 Pledge of Allegiance
 Prohibition (18th and 21st Amendments)
 New Views of the Constitution by John Taylor
 Political Spectrum
 Separation of Church and State (Introduction)
 Separation of Church and State
 Shays' Rebellion
 State Sovereignty (A First Glance)
 State Sovereignty - Federation of States
 Supremacy Clause (Introduction)
 Supremacy Clause
 Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom, 1786
 Virginia Act For Establishing Religious Freedom, Jefferson - 1786
 Women's Right To Vote (19th Amendment)

HELPFUL LINKS
 Andrew Jackson's Proclamation on Nullification, December 10, 1832
 Annapolis Convention, September 11, 1786
 Articles of Association, October 20, 1774
 Articles of Confederation, March 1, 1781
 Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
 Federalist Papers
 Fundamental Orders of January 14, 1639
 Kentucky Resolution, 1799
 Kentucky Resolution, Jefferson's Draft, 1798
 Letter: James Madison to Andrew Stevenson, November 27, 1830; General Welfare Clause
 Madison Veto of Federal Public Works Bill, March 3, 1817
 Madison's Notes on the Constitutional Convention, 1787
 Marbury v. Madison, 1803, Established Unconstitutional Concept of Judicial Review
 Mayflower Compact
 United States Constitution

ARTICLES ON THE CONSTITUTION FROM POLITICAL PISTACHIO

 2nd Amendment: Are You Willing To Take Up Arms Against Your Government?
 2nd Amendment: Right to Keep and Bear Arms for Liberty
 17th Amendment Issue Matters
 A Breach of Contract
 Anchor Babies, and the 14th Amendment
 Capitation as Defined by Constitution
 Commerce Clause
 Immigration Issue a Founding Issue
 Implied Powers v. Expressed Powers
 In Order to Form a More Perfect Union
 James Madison, and his belief in Limited Government and State's Rights
  Judge Bolton Blocking Parts of Arizona Law Unconstitutional
 Judicial Tyranny and the Intent of the Founding Fathers
 Original Intent of the Founding Fathers
 Ours is a Limited Government
 Returning Power To Congress and the States from The Executive Branch and the Judiciary
 The Republican Form of Government is Not a Democracy
 U.S. Senate was ruined by 17th Amendment

POLITICAL PISTACHIO FAMILY OF SITES

 Political Pistachio
 Douglas V. Gibbs, Constitution Radio KCAA
 Constitution Study Radio
 Carried By Christ
 Defender of the Blahs

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