The Vinh Phan

Dr. Linh Tran

CTS1134 - Network+
17th March 2024
Network+_Ch3_Ethernet_Basic_Practice
● Key Terms Quiz
1. MAC address
2. pad
3. half-duplex
4. type
5. preamble
6. hub
7. bridging loop
8. CRC
9. 10BaseT
10. fiber-optic
● Multiple Choice Quiz
1. A. One end is TIA/EIA 568A; the other end is TIA/EIA 568B.
2. B. Carrier sense, Multiple access, Collision detection
3. D. A collision occurred.
4. A. Collision domain
5. D. IEEE 802.3
6. D. UTP
7. A. It gives the receiving NIC time to realize a frame is coming and to know when the frame
starts.
8. B. Uplink port on one switch; regular port on the other switch.
9. B. To attach an RJ-45 connector to a UTP cable
10. B. Maximum distance between hub and node of 100 feet
11. C. Maximum of 1024 nodes per hub
12. B. Destination MAC address
13. D. Pad
14. A. STP
15. B. SAT
● Essay Quiz
1. Frames facilitate data movement in a network by providing structure and organization to
the data. They encapsulate data into manageable units, ensuring efficient transmission and
 delivery. Additionally, frames include control information such as source and destination
addresses, aiding in proper routing and delivery across the network.

2. CSMA/CD stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. Carrier
Sense (CS) involves nodes checking the network for traffic before transmitting to avoid
collisions. Multiple Access (MA) allows multiple nodes to share the same medium. Collision
Detection (CD) enables nodes to detect collisions when they occur, prompting them to take
corrective action such as retransmitting data.

3. A hub is a networking device that connects multiple devices in a network, acting as a

central point for data transmission. However, hubs operate at the physical layer of the OSI
model and lack intelligence, leading to limitations such as inefficient data forwarding and
susceptibility to collisions. In contrast, a switch operates at the data link layer and overcomes
hub limitations by intelligently forwarding data only to the intended recipient, thereby
reducing collisions and improving network performance.
Network+_Ch3_Ethernet_Basic_Lab
● Lab Exercise 3.01: The 802.3 Working Group and Standards
1. Step 1
Answer : The IEEE 802 LAN / MAN Standards Committee develops and maintains
networking standards and recommended practices for local , metropolitan , and other area networks ,
using an open and accredited process , and advocates them on a global basis .
2. Step 2
Answer: 2018
3. Step 3
Answer: the key points are the circuitry and how it used and defined it also shows the
diagrams and instructions on safety and much more
Answer: it explains how the circuitry and how it works.
4. Step 4
Answer: The Ethernet frame consists of several key components:
1. Preamble: A 7-byte sequence of alternating 1s and 0s, followed by a Start Frame
Delimiter (SFD), to signal the start of a frame.
2. Destination and Source MAC Addresses: Each 6 bytes long, identifying the
intended recipient and the sender, respectively.
3. Type Field: 2 bytes storing information about the upper layer protocol.
4. Data and Pad: This field carries the actual data encapsulated from the upper layer,
with a size limit ranging from 46 to 1500 bytes. Padding is added if necessary.
 5. Frame Check Sequence (FCS): A 4-byte value generated by the sender using a
CRC algorithm to check for frame integrity upon receipt.
Overall, the Ethernet frame structure ensures efficient data transmission and integrity
verification within the network.
● Lab exercise 3.02: CSMA/CD - Past and Present
1. Step 1
Answer : a CSMA CD is used as a half - duplex because the half duplex uses gigabit Ethernet
with CSMA / CD to have a collision of results when a frame sent from one end of the network collides
with another frame .
2. Step 2
Answer: it is not used simply because the connection between a host and a NIC and a switch
is a full duplex so the CSMA/CD is not needed because no collision can occur.
3. Step 3
Answer: duplex mismatch is a condition that occurs when two devices communicate over an
ethernet link and do not agree on the duplex mode of the ethernet connection between them. As for
what the effects are, the devices can't properly negotiate their connection so they cause constant
packet loss.
● Lab exercise 3.03: Building an Ethernet Patch Cable
● Lab exercise 3.04: Understanding the Differences between Cat 5E and Cat 6/6A
1. Step 1
Answer: You should use Cat 6/6A for future installations, instead of Cat 5e because Cat 6/6a
has a better performance and has fewer errors.
2. Step 2
Answer: Because it is difficult to replace cabling inside walls, in duct under floors and other
difficult places to access. It will be very expensive to pull out category 5e cabling at a later time to
install category 6 cabling.
3. Step 3
Answer: No, you shouldn’t install Cat 5e.
4. Step 4
Answer: Cat 6/6A will benefit in the home because it will support higher internet access
speeds.
5. Step 5
Answer: Cat 7, 7A, and 8 cables are not preferred replacements for Cat 6/6A due to higher
costs, limited compatibility, and the sufficient performance of Cat 6A for most applications.
● Lab exercise 3.05: Enhancing the Performance of Ethernet Networks
1. Step 1:
 Answer: Switch Configuration: Central switch connected to two second-level switches, each
with a computer attached. Connectivity between the computers confirmed.
2. Step 2
Answer: Function of a Switch: Switches forward data packets within a network based on
MAC addresses, creating direct communication paths between devices, thereby enhancing network
efficiency.
3. Step 3
Answer: Advantages of Switches Over Hubs: Switches offer dedicated bandwidth, improved
security through separate collision domains, support for full-duplex communication, scalability, and
reduced network congestion compared to hubs, leading to better network performance and
management.
● Lab exercise 3.06: Exploring the spanning tree protocol (STP)
1. Step 1:
Answer: Clause 17 title: "Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)"
2. Step 2:
Answer: Cisco website URLs for Spanning Tree Protocol:
- https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/12013-4.html
- https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/19120-122.html
3. Step 3:
Answer: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ensures loop-free Ethernet networks by blocking
redundant paths and dynamically adjusting forwarding paths based on changes in the network
topology, ensuring stability and resilience.
Lab Analysis
1. The difference between half-duplex and full duplex is half duplex you can send and receive
data, but not at the same time. Full duplex you can send and receive at the same time.
2. The basic function of the FCS is to enable Ethernet nodes to recognize errors. The algorithm
used for the FCS is called CRC (cyclic redundancy check).
3. The pins that are connected are pins 1,2 and 3,6 on the RJ connector. Because the crossover
cable sending and receiving pairs are reversed so that the switches can communicate with each
other.
4. MAC addresses are found in Ethernet frames.
5. Tools I would recommend him to use to build and test the cables are crimpers and to test a
cable tester
Key term quiz
1. You’d connect a PC to a switch with a(n) straight-through cable.
2. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) prevents switches that have been mistakenly connected back into
themselves, forming a bridging loop, from flooding the network with damaged packets.
3. A(n) crossover cable is created when you construct a UTP cable using the TIA/EIA 568A
standard for one end of the cable, and the other TIA/EIA 568B standard for the other end of the cable.
4. The Ethernet standard developed by Xerox was eventually handed over to the IEEE 802.3 working
group, who continue to manage the standard today.
5. Ethernet no longer needs to use CSMA/CD, because modern devices use a method called
full-duplex, which allows simultaneous bidirectional communication between two sides of a
connection.