HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

OFFICE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDY PROGRAMS

MILLING – SIFTING - MIXING

Department: Processes and Equipment

Class: CC15HC1
Nguyeãn Minh Thuøy – 1552369
Group CC.5
11 May 2018
 OUTLINE
1. PURPOSE:...........................................................................................................................................................2
2. THEORY.............................................................................................................................................................2
2.1. Capacity and performance of the mill-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
2.2. Size distribution------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
2.3. Sieve Performance--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
2.4. Mix Equation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
3. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD:..........................................................................................................................5
3.1. Mill....................................................................................................................................................................5
3.2. Sieve..................................................................................................................................................................5
3.3. Mix....................................................................................................................................................................5
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT..............................................................................................................................5
4.1. Results------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
4.1.1. Mill........................................................................................................................................................5
4.1.2. Sieve......................................................................................................................................................6
4.1.3. Mixing...................................................................................................................................................7
4.2. Graphs----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
4.2.1. Milling.................................................................................................................................................10
4.2.2. Sifting:.................................................................................................................................................11
4.2.3. Mixing:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
4.3. Discussion----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
1) Discussing about the adaptation of Bond’s Law in predicting the milling efficiency,
especially focus on the other theories:................................................................................................................12
2) Give the comments on the efficiency of sifting and milling. Compare with the result in book.
Explain................................................................................................................................................................13
3) Discus about the reliability of the result and the most effective factors:.....................................................13
4) Comment on the way taking the samples in the mixing experiment:...........................................................14
5) Comment of the reliability of the result and the elements that affect the most to the mixing
experiment:..........................................................................................................................................................14
5. APPENDIX:.......................................................................................................................................................15
5.1. Milling calculation:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
5.2. Sifting experiment calculation:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
5.3. Mixing experiment calculation:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
6. REFERENCES:.................................................................................................................................................17
1. PURPOSE:
- Crushing a material, based on the sieve results, determines the size distribution of the
material after grinding, the power consumption and the productivity of the mill.
- Sieve the material after crushing, determine the sieve efficiency, build the cumulative
distribution schema of the material after grinding, and then determine the material
size after grinding.
- Mix the two materials to determine the mixing index at several time, build the mixing
index graph over time to determine the appropriate mixing time

2. THEORY
2.1. Capacity and performance of the mill
- The efficiency and efficiency calculations of the turbines have dimensions Dp1 (ft)
and 80% product after weighing has dimensions Dpj (ft).
- P is capacity for milling material which is very large in size to Dp (calculated for the
unit
- volume / time), i = ∞.
P=K b
1
Dp√
- According to the definition, the Wi is necessary energy to mill from a very large size
up to 100µm (KWh/ton), we have:
- Reliable between Wi and Kb (the Bond coefficient depends on the type of material and
milling machine).
60 W i=K b
√ 1
100 ×10−3
60 W i
→ K b= ≈ 19 W i
√ 10
1
→ P=19 W i
√ Dp
1 1
where P1=19 W i ∧P2=19 W i
√Dp1 √Dp2

- Milling capacity of 1 ton - material over 1 minute from Dp1 to Dp2:

P=P 2−P1=19 W i
1
( −
√DP2 √DP1
1
)
- T is productivity (ton/min). Capacity for milling T tons/min from Dp1 to Dp2:
P=P 2−P1=19 W i
( 1
−
√DP2 √DP1
1
)
T ,( KW )

where Dp1, Dp2 is the size of material and product, nm.

- If P multiply by 4/3
Consumption capacity of the motor:
P=UI cos φ

Where U: voltage (V)

I: amperage (A)
 cos φ: factor of capacity
- Milling efficiency:
P
H= 100 %
P'

2.2. Size distribution

−d ∅ b
=K D p
dDp

Where ø: cumulative mass on Dp

Dp: particle size
K, b: coefficients describe particle distribution
- Differential from ø = ø1 to ø = ø2 corresponding with Dp = D1 and Dp = D2, we have:
K
∅ 2 − ∅1 =
b+ 1
( D p 1 −D p 2 )
b +1 b +1

- We consider between the nth sieve and the (n+1)th sieve, and assume use the standard
sieve which have Dpn - 1 / Dpn = r = const.
−K b +1
∆ ∅ n=∅ n− ∅n−1=
b+1
( D pn + D pn−1 )
b+1

and replace Dpn – 1 = r.Dpn, we get:

b+1
K .(r −1) b +1
∆ ∅'n= D pn =K ' D b+
pn
1
b+1

b+1
K .(r −1)
with K '=
b+1
or log ∆ ∅ n =(b+1)log D pn +log K '
- K’ and b are determined by drawing ∆øn and Dpn based on the logarithmic graph then
infer angular coefficient K+1 and angular ordane K’  K and b

2.3. Sieve Performance

J
E= × 100
Fa

F: Initial material mass input the sieve, (g)

J: Material mass under the sieve, (g)
a: Particle ratio can pass through the sieve, (%)
- F.a is determined in the laboratory:
+ Sift F can find out J1. Take the remain material on the F – J1 sieve and sift again can
infer J2, continue to take the rest material on the F – (J1 + J2) and again sift it.
+ The total J1 + J2 + J3 + … will asymptote F.a
+ Sieve performance is 100% if J1 = F.a.
 2.4. Mix Equation
- When mix the amount a of A with the amount b of B, will create a homogeneous
mixture. Component A and B in ideal mixture:
a
 With A: C A=
a+ b
b
 With B: C B=
a+ b
- These components will be the same in any volume of the mixture. However, this ideal
mixture just can be reached when mix time increase until infinite and don’t have any
factor against mix process.
- In reality, time can’t advance infinite so component A and B will be different in part
of different volume.
- To evaluate the homogeneous of the mixture, we consider mean squared different.
- If in V1, the volume composition of A and B is C1A, C1B respectively, then the mean
squared different of ideal mixture is:

√
N

∑ ( C A −C iA )2
i=1
sA =
N−1

√
N

∑ ( C B−C iB )2
i=1
s B=
N −1

With CA, CB is the composition of A, B in the mixture. We can see the more ideal the
mixture is, the smaller the sA, sB is. sA, sB depend on many factors but the most
important is the time. The relation between s and time is described by the graph
(assume other factors are not change).
- In real, depend on the requirement of s, we can determine the suitable time. To
evaluate the homogeneous of the mixture, we can see another value is mix index:
σe
I s=
s

with σe: standard deviation

σ e=
√ C A CB
n

√
C A C B (N−1)
→ I s= N
n . ∑ ( C A −CiA ) 2
i=1

n: the number of particle in case of mix loose material.

3. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD:
3.1. Mill
- Turn on the machine without load to measure the no - load power
- Give 200g of rice to the mill
 - Turn on the input screw, press the meter, measure the maximum load current intensity
- When the current is back to no – load value, press the meter to determine the grinding
time
3.2. Sieve
- Determine sieve efficiency at 0.2 mm size: sieve 80g grinded rice 5 times, each time 5
minutes and weigh the rice through the sieve each time.
- Determine the size distribution of the material after grinding: sieve 80g grinded rice
through various sieves of different size for 20 minutes and weigh accumulated rice in
each sieve.
3.3. Mix
- Put 1.5kg of green beans and 3kg of soy beans into the machine
- Turn on the machine
- Stop the machine at 6 times (5s, 15s, 30s, 60s, 120s, 300s) and take 8 samples at each
time according to the chart. Count each particle in the sample.

4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
4.1. Results
4.1.1. Mill
Amperage (A)
Mass Time
No load Load

200g

Sieve sizes Mass percentage

Mass Mass distribution
(mm) distibution
0.425
0.315
0.200
0.160

log(Dp) log(DF) F
-0.37
-0.50
 -0.70
-0.80

Power consumption for the motor of the loaded mill:

Pload = UIcosφ = 220 x 4.6 x 0.8 = 809.6 (W)
Power consumption for the motor of the no - load mill:
Pno - load = UIcosφ = 220 x 3.6 x 0.8 = 633.6 (W)
Power consumption for the material grinding engine:
P’ = Pload - Pno – load = 809.6 – 633.6 = 176 (W)
4.1.2. Sieve
- Determine sieve efficiency at 0.2 mm size
No. of times Time (min) Mass distribution Sum Ji
1 5
2 5
3 5
4 5
5 5

- Determine the size distribution of the material after grinding

Sieve Size (mm) Mass (g)

0.425

0.315

0.2

0.16

4.1.3. Mixing

5s 15s 30s 60s 120s 300s CA CB

Sampl
e S G S G S G S G S G S G 0.67 0.33
1
2
3
 4
5
6
7
8

TIME 5"
Sampl
S G CiA CiA-CA (CiA-CA)2 Ʃ n σe Is
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

TIME 15"
Sampl
S G CiA CiA-CA (CiA-CA)2 Ʃ n σe Is
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 103 170 0.38 -0.29 0.08
8 131 52 0.72 0.05 0.002
 TIME 30"
Sampl
S G CiA CiA-CA (CiA-CA)2 Ʃ n σe Is
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

TIME 60"
Sample S G CiA CiA-CA (CiA-CA)2 Ʃ n σe Is
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
 TIME 120"
Sampl
S G CiA CiA-CA (CiA-CA)2 Ʃ n σe Is
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

TIME 300"
Sampl
N X CiA CiA-CA (CiA-CA)2 Ʃ n σe Is
e
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

4.2. Graphs
4.2.1. Milling

Chart 1. Chart of ƩJi following time

Chart 2. Chart of Log∆ ∅ n following LogDpn

4.2.2. Sifting:
 Chart 3. Chart of accumulated distribution of size distribution of the material on sieve

4.2.3. Mixing:

Chart 4. Chart of mixing index following time

4.3. Discussion
1) Discussing about the adaptation of Bond’s Law in predicting the milling
efficiency, especially focus on the other theories:
2) Give the comments on the efficiency of sifting and milling. Compare with the
result in book. Explain.
3) Comment on the way taking the samples in the mixing experiment:
mixing index. That is the time we shough implement the beans mixing to meet the
highes uniform level.
4) Comment of the reliability of the result and the elements that affect the most to the
mixing experiment:

5. APPENDIX:
5.1. Milling calculation:
a. The determination of the equilibrium diameter of the material particle :
- The equilibrium of the particle is a diameter of a sphere has the same ratio V/S.
3
V ( π / 6) D tñ D tñ
= =
S πD 2 6
- To the spherical particle: tñ
- The average dimensions of the rice:
 Length: L = 6mm
 Diameter: D = 1.5mm

V ( π / 4 ) D2 L DL
= 2
=
- Consider the rice as a cylinder  S π DL+( π / 2) D 4 L+2 D
Dtñ DL 3 DL 3×1 .5×6
= ⇔ Dtñ = =
So: 6 4 L+ 2 D 2 L+ D 2×6+ 1. 5 = 2 (mm)
Therfore: Dp1 = Dtñ = 2 (mm)
b. Chart Logn following LogDpn:
Line equation: Logn = (b+1)LogDpn + logK’ (*)
According to chart 2, the diagram goes through 3 points
b+1=2.9975 b=1.9975
So: ' ⇨ '
log K =2.4921 K =310. 53

K (r b+1 −1)
But: K’= b+1
D pn−1 0.425 0.315 0.2
With: r = =( + + )/3 = 1.39
D pn 0.315 0.2 0.16

K ' (b+1) 310.53× 2.9975

Therefore: K = = =552.93
(r b +1−1) (1.392,9975 −1)
Chart for distribution of the size distribution of the material on sieve:
−dφ
=KD bp
Differential equation:
dD p

 ∫ dφ=−K ∫ Dbp dD p
−K b+1 −310.53 b +1 2.9975
 = D p +C= D p +C=−103.6 D p +C
b+1 2.9975

 : Weight accumulated on sieve Dp, g

Khi Dp = 0.425 thì  = 0.39  C = 8.36
2.9975
 D p= √ ¿ ¿)

Bond’s law: Dp2 is the size of the material after the milling process as long as 80% of weight
goes throuh sieves  The accumulated weight  = 20% = 0.2.
 Dp2 = 0.43 mm
c. Milling efficiency calculation:
The efficiency to grind the material (dry process) from size Dp1 to size Dp2:

4
׿¿
P = 3 19Wi T (KW)
With:
 Wi – Work index. According to the theory, Wi = 13KW.h/ton.
 T – Milling capacity, ton/ min
M
With: T = t
 M – Weight of milling material, ton
 t – Milling time, min
 Dp1, Dp2 – Dimension of the material particle and product particle, mm

4 1 1 200 ×10−6
So: P = ×19 ×13 ×( − )× =0.13 kW
3 √ 0.43 √ 2 25.18 /60
d. Milling machine efficiency calculation:
Power consumped for the machine: P’ = U.I.cos
With:
 U – voltage, V
 I – current at maximum loading, A
 cos - power coefficiency
So: P’ = 220 x 4.6 x 0.8 = 809.6 (W) = 0.8096 (kW)
Milling machine efficiency:
P 0.13
H= × 100 %= ×100 %=16.06 %
P' 0.8096

5.2. Sifting experiment calculation:

5.2.1. Chart Ji according to the number of sifting time:
Based on the chart 1 => The curve gets closer to the line Ji = 18.4
So: F.a = 18.4
5.2.2. Sifting efficiency:
Ji 17.2
E= ×100 %= ×100 %=93.48 %
F .a 18.4

5.3. Mixing experiment calculation:

- The constituents of Soya beans and Green beans in an ideal mixture:
a
 With Soya beans: C A=
a+ b

b
 With Green beans: C B=
a+ b

- The composition of A and B in ideal mixture:

a 3. 0
C A= = =0. 67
a+b 3 . 0+1 .5
CB = 1 – CA = 0.33
 √
C A C B ( N−1 )
I s= N
n . ∑ ( C A −C iA )2
- Mixing indicator: i=1

With:
 N –Number of the sample volume Vi. In this experiment, N = 8.
 n – Number of beans in case of separating material mixing.

6. REFERENCES: