an the opposite direction, then their i) if two cranes pull a car applying forces in opposite direction, then the a of the car will remain unchanged i.e., resultant force iS zero. P Jo remove 2 wooden log from a straight two horses are used to pull the log in such ‘way that two horses apply equal forces in ite directions. Then the wooden log will not be chatiged its position i.e., the resultant ce on the log is zero. Solutions of Activity from Textbook | Page-387 0 Ist, abe the angle between two forces P and Q, ‘hen their resulfant, R =~/P* + Q* + 2PQ cosa. ie, the resultant depends on the value of cosa. | Weknow, the value of coset varies from 1 to -1 fora [0,7]. Therefore, the magnitude of the resultant of two forces acting at a point decreases if the angle “Tetween them increases. (Showed) ‘W Iftvo forces P and Q acting simultaneously at ‘he point O can be represented in magnitude direction by the two adjacent sides OA and of the parallelogram OACB, then their itude and direction. | Ris represented by the diagonal OC in or, P+ ; and (27)? =P + Q' +22Q cps120° or, 28=F +Q2+2PQ(-5) i 01, 28=40-PQ [=P +Q'=40] © or, PQ=12 7 (P+Q?=P? + Q? +2PQ =40+2 x 12= 64 or, P+Q=8 i) aa 4 Again, (P- Q/'= P’+ Q'- 2PQ=40~2 x 12=16 1 P=Q= Adding (i) and (i or, 2P = 12 or, P= “s eoodh Putting P = 6 in (i), we get 6+ Q=80r,Q=2 . “The required forces are 3N and 2N. (Ans.) Solutions of Activity from Textbook | Page-387. ) : j getP+Q+P-Q=8+4 » 3 oO , ‘ Let, the’ resultant of P a inclines at 30° and 60°“1 Let, ABC is an equilateral forces 1, Pee a eee! eee Let us consider AB as x+axis and AY as y-axis and the resultant R makes an angle 0 to the x-axis. Now taking resolved parts along AX and AY, we get Rcos@ = | cos0° + 2 cos120° + 3 cos240° ed 1 Bee 3 =1+2(-4)+3(4)=1-1-3--3 » =M (say) and R sinO = 1 sin0® + 2 sin120° + 3 sin240° 4B) , (3 oP) AP) Bo =77 (2-3) =-"7 = N (say) 2 R=VM+N?= Gte N= =a. N and tan0 = 7 ‘ B. PbiDi ailensrah ota or, tan® Bi “8 tan30° ie f = tan (180° + 30°) = tan 210° +9 = 30° or 210° 7 and sin ae Doth epi, = sae ane a ms = 150° (Ans.) ey: Let, the other force be Q.Then the resultant of 6N and Q is 8N and i 1 force 6N. 2 Q=V8 +E or, Q= 100 or, Q=10 ~. The other component is 10N. (Ans.) k Let, 2P and 3P act on O along with OL and OM respectively and their resultant 4P acts along with ON. The perpendicular OZ, is drawn on the transversal LM from the point 0: Then te algebras sul Gib fest ar the forces 2P, 3P along OZ is equal to resolved parts of resultant 4P along OZ. ” - That is, 2P cosLOZ + 3P cosMOZ =P ge eaoh ofthe equal forces 3 its (Ana) siererrperen angle between them. ‘According to the question, __Qsino. tan60° B+ Qcosa Again, if P is doubled, then ge = sina 2P + Qcosa Now, (i) + (ii) > tan60° _ 2P + Qcosa, ian30°~ P+ Qcoso. ° 9, M3 22 + Qeosa "1 P+ Qeosa 8 3= 2P + Qcosa P+ Qcosa OF, IP + Qcoscr) = 2P + Qeosct . Again, P? + Q’ Let ng ogee ES 0. Therefore, the greatest resultant, P+Q=14 units, ‘Again, the resultant is 10 units if the forces act perpendicularly. Thus, (10? =P? + @ +2PQ c0s90° or, 100 =P? + Q? + 2PQ.0 or, 100=P? + Q? or, P?+Q = 100 or, (P + Q)* — 2PQ= or, (14) - 2PQ = 100 or, 196 - 100 = 2PQ or, 96 = 2PQ. or, PQ=48 ... [From (i]t or, (P - Q) +2PQ= 100° ‘ or, (P-Q) +2x4! or, (P - Q)? = 100 - 96 or, P-Q)= Let, the angle between and their resultant inteee eS 7 . Let, the forces P and Q act at the point O at an 5 angle a and their resultant 2 acts perpendicularly @- Qsin $ cos $ z ee Qiu <. tan@ =————=_* oe P cos” $+ Qsin? & »L-g-P b on, 9 = ete @ - Q sin $ cos $ | of P=Q?- 703500) ate a z 9 90° Poos* $+ Q sin? Sy ©. The resultant R makes the angle“ ~_ a -Qsin$ cosy : 4 tan) ——— 5G tothe line OA. (Ama) Poos*$+Q sin’ | (viii) -Q:P=3: a8 (Proved) - (Wii) Let, the resultant of two forces P, Q (P >. Q) acting at an angle a at O is R. Also let, their resultant R, the greatest resultant Qt2 (@ + Q), and the smallest resultant (P — Q) act along with OC, OA, and OB respectively and Zf . the resultant R makes an angle @ to the line OA ie, ZAOC = 0. : pest} ae ' As * z P P-Q Let, a be the angle between the forces P and Q. Thus, R? = P? + Q? + 2PQ cosa ss. »- i) The resultant becomes twice if Q is # x Dee . 2 .- * QR = +2) +2P(Q , ee Be i ie 1: or, 4R?=R? + +) - ore ee a« Resiltant, R= "8" + 6° +2.86.c0s120° (64+ 36-48 = [52-213 - feat 203 (Ans) 4) it forces 2P and Q = 3P act at an angle of a and their resultant, makes an angle of 6 with the direction of 2. Q=RP, a, é 2? + ___3P sino. tan8=p + 3P cosa _ Again, in case of forces 4P and 3P +6, tnd = (3P +6) sino. 4P + (3P + 6) cosa. According to the question, sino. 3P +6) sing 2P+3P coso. 4P + GP + 6), cosa. : ae GP + 6) cosa. _ (3P + 6) sina, DP +3P cosa. 3P sina. (S200 i. 2B si AB cost. 2 9 Qand4J3. is 180° = 30° \ “= 150°(Ans.) (xii) We know, R? = P+Q'+2PQ cosa Here, R= 4N, a= 120° e And P = Q[/+ Thé forces are equal] 2 P=P+PE+ IPP cos 120% of, 16= wer 1) of, 24 P2216 2i/ev Bil afiee or, P= 16 1 Be my af “. P=4N (Ans) (sili) Given that, R= 15N ‘According to the question, P+ According tothe figure, the resultant ‘creates an angle of 8 = 90° with P. -. By taking the horizontal component of thene ee P th Q acting at gle of 30 is R which makes an angle of 8 1 P. Then, the resultant force; R, creates an * of 26 with the Q Dyk de cdtgontes of the forces along R. ‘Roos0°=Pcos(=0) +Q:c0s20 of, R=Pcos0 + Q(2cos’6 - ~ Again, Rsin0° = Psin(-9) + Qsi of, 0= +Psind + Q.2sin6.cos® °(:0f, 0=(-P £2Qcos6)sind or, 0=—P + 2Qcos0 , 2Qcos0 Therefore, 30 = 3e0s I5=a Now, by using the value of cos0 in equation (i), roa Therefore, the resultant of the forces, ec 2) x (xvi) Let, two forces P and then, P= 100N \ Q=70N ‘borer, a= 6° +Q'+2PQ cosa (100)"+ (70) +2 100% 79 =21472.60188 #146, 535N (Ans) Let, the force P makes an angle O-with the » resultant force R. “ e » tand = Q sina P+Qcosa, 70 sin 62° «- 100 + 70 cos 62° on 6 = tan (0.465) . 8=24.94° : . ae the resultant nae an angle 24 with the force P. (Ams.) 7 (xvii) The resolved part of force ai IN deg e force 4N fi F,=2y3 cos 30°= nie ., the summiation of the resolved. along the force 4N = 4N + 3N = 7N (Ais) or, tan® =penne 40-4 om Dn) PIR G2. C080... caisnies pritsedes: BO tine é olen 7 tet, the forces P_and Q are represented by the two adjacent sides AB and AC of the garallelogram ABDC, and their resultant is by the diagonal AD. Ifthe forces P and Q interchange their positions, then the force Quis represented by AB’ along AB, the force P is represented by AC’ along AC and ‘te resultant is represented by the diagonal AD’ ofparallelogram-AB'D'C’. Thus, DAD’ = 9 and AD = AD’ 1, cy D [ Bab = Zcad 230-0) +9 : “fo9)- 08 | Bein (96 1 AB BDF Now from ABAD, SappA sinBAD .: . sig a \ “@) ag Lon (i) Let the forces P + Qand P-Q. and OB respectively and their alongOC. rel If OD is the bisector of ZAO) en the angle berwesi OD and OC, ZCOD =5 il tg mg Thus, ZAOC =F 4 andZBOC Now from the sine law of forces, 22.0." ee 3inBOC — sinAOG7 SinAOB Taking 1" and’2™ ratios; we get _P+Q .PRSORs ‘a , SinBOC™ sinAOC © y P+Q_sinBOC or p—Q sinAOC=> "P=Q° sin(a— P+Q+P_ *P+Q— PQ sin(a+0)—sina=0) [Applying componendo-dividendo| 2P _ 2sina.cosd 20 2eosa.sind or, > fana.cot6’ or, ,,.. 0h Ptan® = Qtanat. (Showed) -Aiv) Let, the forces P and OB respectively. The Again, the resultant the force P. Now, from the sine Ww of forces, Bee ACL N30

From the 1" and 24 ratios, J‘gain for P and 2Q, we have 2Q.sino. ee ee st: P+ 2Q.cosa 2Q.sina P+ 2Qcosa ,0= 2Qsina. o,P+2Qcosa=0 or, 2Qcoso. = -P Now, fom (i), R? =P? + Q- a, R= =e 2 Q=R (Showed) fi)Le, the angle between the forces P and Qacting atOisa, ~Theresultant of them is se Thus we have, ' ; SS ath + ie + 2PQ: cosa. = OP (1 eosap) = Wee: a J R= 2PCOSB sevsseeee (I), : Asin fhe fest an ng 26 2R= {P+ P? + IPP. een2} z , a =(2P? + 2P% costa = = (4P*cos'a)? or, 2.2Pcosf = 2Pcosa. [from Oi geo o 2cosB = cosa. cosa. = 2cosB (Proved) ; (viii) Let, the resultant of Pa Qing stn aisR. Here, the greatest resultant, F= Pp “f Q and the smallest resultant, G =P — Q.. “Now, adding (i) and (ii), we have F+G=2P 0 P=5 +6) Gi) © Again, subtracting (ii) from (j), we have | fi i F-G=2Qor, Q=3(F - 9) - We know, R= oi + GZ Je =o ieP sino " GP 18)sina Fires “aR +1) come ES 3p +18 3P cosa, “Bt 18cosa. + 3Pcosa. _ AP + 18coso. + 3Pc0s0. _ 3P +18 Of P+ 3P cosa, a © 4p + 18 cosa. + 3Pcoso.— P—3P cosa Y P+ 3P cose. = Beet [Applying Dividendo] “3P+18cosa_18 %, P+3P cosa 3P. 3P+18 cosa _ 18 1 p(T + 3cosa) 3P og, SP + 18eosa_ * 1+ 3cosa. or, 3P + 18cosa = 6 + 18cosa or, 3P=6 :P=2(Ans.) , 4. @) When the forces P and Q act at an angle 0, thee reutantis Om +1) YP +Q P, : Thus, {(Q2m+ 1)-\P?+ Qy? =P? + Q' + 2PQcosd (Ant + 4+ 1) P+ = (+ G) + 22Q0s0 (P24 Q?) (4m? + 4m + 1-1) a0 etn 1) = 2PQcos0 Re tan angle. ba :. ZAOB =a. and ni Thus, ZCOB= ZACO= and ZOAC = 180°— ZAOB = Now from the triangle OAC, _OC___OA___AC sinOAC —— =~ GnAOG = 7 oc % sin(n— a) “Hee oy lak I mee iB a OF Sino. sin(a — 0) “ ReP. Gna @) * If Q is changed by Q', then changed by R’ which makes an me Thus, similarly, we get a sina. R= Pina 6) Dividing (ii) by (i), we a R’_sin(a- 8) P RP “sina+6%e »,R_sinle=9) showed) | ~ Re sin(a- 6) “(iil) Let, the forces’ are kcosA: and” along the sides CA and CB res ‘triangle ABC and their t Seal pte ce ioe,+B+C=', then’ tap + 008°C + 2COSA.cOSB.cosC = 1 B +2c0sA.cosB.cosC = = cos’C cos'C) = K.sin’C [from (i) e, the resultant is proportional to sinC. ee eae ns 1 1 iC-0=C-3{A-B+C)=3(C-A+B) ” Therefore, the resultant divides the angle C into two pits} (C+B- Andy (C+A- B). (Proved) fr) La, the angle between the forces P and Q (P > Q)is 3a and their resultant R makes the angle a tothe force P. Then the angle between R and Q is2o, Now taking resolved parts along R, we have Reos0° = Poos(—a) + Q.cos2a fh of, R= Poosa + Q(2c0s70.— 1) serene @, Again, Rsin0® = Psin(—c) + Qsin2o of, 0=—Psina + Q.2sina.cosa Here, AM= CN lopposite sides of the plo - OCS CNA .. ZCON = ZCNO [In ACON, oc= cn] Again ZCNO = ZNOM [Alternate a *, ZCON = ZNOM. Now, ZCON + ZNOM = ZCOA= o or, ZNOM + ZNOM =8 or, 2ZNOM = 6 *. ZNOM = 8 ie, iret fe + a Qos an angle $ with (P +R). (Showed) (vi) Let, the angle between P and Q is a. ene Cc q Q 5. at Feut_ nate ae Then, taking resolved parts along P, P cos0® + Qcosa = R cos90°. or, P + Qcosa =0 oF, Q.cosa P .Sie ma nian oft fresPand 4p ASE ee or, “4- ="7- +P cosa of,P* cosa = 0) © oF, cosa=0 >. a =90° : ‘s. Therefore, the angle between two forces is o. = 90° (Ans.) ” Let, the resultant inclines at an angle 0 with P. 2. tan = — P +5 cosa. Bee eos 3 sin 90 Die By or, tan = “Ps0"2 *P Ped cogpo PO 2 oF t=. 0= tan" (3)=26.6+ So, the resultant inclines at an angle 26.6° to P.(Ans) : TM | Boo a that, four forces of magnitude P act ‘with the sides AB, CB, AD, and DC of ABCD 2035). » or, Rsin@=! vo Now, (+ 2 R=2P. Again, (ii) + (i) = tan=>5=0 ». Jags Therefore, the resultant force is 2P units that, along with CX i.e., the resultant acts Parallel the side DC. (Ans.) R(cos*0+ sin’) = 6 + 6 ey. 36x2 R= SRN (Ans) Again il) * (ji) = tanO = 1 = tan45° ». 0= 45° Therefore, the magnitude of the resultant is 62 Nand it acts at O making the angle 45° with OC. (Ans.) (i) Let, the forces (R - S), R, (R + S) acting at O along OX, OY, OZ respectively are parallel to « the sides BC, CA, AB of the equilateral triangle Ei ia? tan(is0° ‘emt or, tan0 = ae 0= 210° or 30° But, sin and eos are bothnegative P @=210° if : Agn2i SS aaeae the force R-S. (Ans.) (v) Let, the forces P, (Q, R act along with OX, OY, OZ respectively, and their resultant F acts at an angle @to OX.) Taking reo pars alg OX and pred to OX, we have. si Feos0 = Pcos0? + Q.cosy + ReosB =P + Qoosy + ReosB ... and Fsind = Psin0® + Qsiny + Rin Dad (Now @? +00? >, aes AY + Qoosy + Roos) +. Qcos’y +R’ +2QR.siny.sinB., =P + g¢ +R2+‘ pu ae +P, tant is, then aria tts ea = ‘Aand PyaP) a> (3 3°S FR=(\Pi+Pi+Ps). 6° Be PP +P? Ph 2P:P, cos (x — A) + 2P;P;'cos (n— B) cosC~ 2p" cosA = 2P? cosB ba [Py =P)=P; =P] *C)+ => F =P'(3 -2cosA — 2cosB ~ 2cosC) Py =2¢0sA = 2cosB ~ 2c0sC (Proved) ~ (b) Let, three forces of magnitude P act along OX, oy, OZ which are Parallel to BC, CA, AB resultant R acts at an whee Taking resolved parts along OX and perpendicular to OX, we have re +Pcos(m - C)+Peos(n + B) }- A INB Also let, the resultant of the forces R acts angle 6 to AB. Now, taking resolved parts along AB and A we have 1 Reos@= 1. ora ja, the Forees keosA, kcosB, kcosC act along tt perpendicular AD, BE, CF respectively avn from the vertices to the opposite side of ftetiangle ABC. Let their resultant be F. qaskoosA =P; k c0sB = Q; kcosC=R EpQ=%-C; YR=n- A and R’P=1—B 432 > Resultant F=P+QtR Pay Ss SOS Sa S 3 F.F=(P+Q+R).(P+QtR) gp =P+ 2+ R2+2P.0+20R+ RE =P +Q+R’ + 2PQ cos(n ~ C) +2QR cos(x — A)+ 2RP cos(n - B) é =P + Q +R? — 2PQ cosC ~ 2QR cos - 2RP osB =H ons°A + 2 c0s°B + K* eos'C = 2K° cos cosB cos — 2K cos cosB cosC — 24° cosA cosB cos z =K(c0s2A + costB + cos'C - 6 cosA cosB cosC) =1e(1 — 2 c68A cosB cosC - 6 cosA cosB c0sC) [sn ABC, A+ B + C= # and cos" Hane 2c: 2 cosh cosB oosC~1] =>F=K(1 -8 cosA cosB cos) » + F=ky 18 cosA cosB cosC ies Faes/1=8 cosA c0sB cost (Proved), S$ Let, 8 wansversal AMext te si of action the forces of magnitudes AP and 3FisciNe i of iO Te a atthe points Ls) (ii) We take a point O on th quadrilateral ABCD woAifélt 450 (o ray since the forces KAB! 1CB, m.CD , and AD acting along the sides AB, CB,(CD, AD are in equilibrium, so the resultants in (i) and (il) are equal and opposite directions i.e., AO and CO lie cn the same straight - ; BO _n Therefore, DO =| if) Given that, the midpoints of BC, ._ CA, and’AB are D, [wre 50Pewee) 0B-0D+ OF REC Zo | 20D +0R+E0-0B “Proved Solutions of ‘Activity from Textbook | Page-399 Condition of Equilibrium of a System of Coplanar Forces Acting on a Particle Let, the coplanar. forces P}, P;, Ps, ... be acting "ata fixed point O. ‘The resultant of the forces is * Rand if the algebraic sum of the resolved parts of the forces along mutually perpendicular to OX and OY is represented by X ‘and Y Tespectively. Then, R =/X?+ ¥? to. the sides BQ, OA/O8 md atl are in equilibrium. + -. using Lami’s theorem and t forces we get, Vay “BQ+QA string = £} P In th Ag im es angled wisi aoe, 2_ eWeosecd [Let, ZOAD=0] _ eWy1+cot -wafi+@) ; 5 ew [- ABOG = AADG] =W\ | 1 et cota. [ZGAD =a} (Showed) = 6=tan \(2 tana). (Ans.) ) Solutions of Exercise-8(B) Tyel 1 1) B c "ABCD is a square and the forces 2AB, 28C, 30D, DADB act at a point. Thus, the vector sum of the fomces= TAB + 2BC +3CB +DA+DB- =2(AB+BC +cB+DA) + (a5 +B + BA, B- 0 (iii) Let, the magnitude of the forces be 4k, 7k, and 11k. Beets enc tng0BC, 08 +06 : InAAOC,0¢+0A=2 OE In AOAB, Thicket ae O+0)+ Os wee (0B +06) + (06+ 04)+ A+ 08) =2(0D + O8+0F)' See o,20A+20B + 0C=2(0D + OF + OF) oo eee of, 200A + OB +OC)=2(0D + OE + OF) el or,0A+OB+OC=OD+OE+OF _ or, (OK +08 +00) =2 (0B +08 + OF) or,-AG-BO-CO-OB+0E+ OF » or, AO+BGO+CO +OB +08 + OF =0 Le. the resultant of the forces is zero. ‘Therefore, the forces are in equilibrium. (Showed) Here, 4k + 7k = 11k Since the sum of the first two magnitudes is equal to the third magnitude, the forces can not. be represented by three sides of a tdansie to keep them in equilibrium. If the forces are co-linear and the Sioed of the greatest force is opposite to the direction of + the other two fore, then they cat De Kept inpZz ay Since the forces are in equilibrium, s0 P=(f3p +2 +23.20080 em =3+4+ 4yf3.cosce ot, cos =— of, coso. == c of, cosa, = —c0s30°"” + OF, Cosa = cos(180° — 30°) , OF Cosa. =cos150° 150° (Ans.) Similarly, (3)? = 2? + 1° +2.2.1.cosy or, 3=4+1 + 4cosy of, 3=5 + 4cosy _ or, 4c0sy = —2 or, cosy =-5 or, cosy = cos1 20°. y= 120° (Ans.) 1. B=360°- 0-7 «| 2= 3602 — 150° - 120° = 90° (Ans.) (vi Let, the forces 1, 1 and -/2 act at the point O along OS, OT and OU respectively. Let a: be angle between the forces 1 and land B a “Be the aigle bétwéen the forces 1 and-Y2. AG P+ EF21 Lesa ar, 2=2 + 2cosa or, cosa.= 0 P sin 120° sin 150° ~ sin a0 (viii) Let, an object with W weight is han strings with the tension T; and T;, of T; creates an angle of 30? with the: line. Again, angle between the acting Iines and T, is 90° and so acting line of T; crea angle of 60° with the vertical line.-e object of 5 kg-wt is in equilibrium with ing with tension T, towards help of @ string and rom Lami’s theorem, we get, : Ty SG ee gn" + 30°) sin 90° ~ sin(180°— 30°) ; Yt yea Let, three forces P, Q, R act at the point O along OX, OY, OZ respectively, and the circle OACB cut the lines of action at A, B, Crespectively. Since the forces are in equilibrium at O, so 0 from Lami’s theorem, em OR SinYOZ~ sinOX sinXOY & ee ate » mBOC simAOC sinACB ‘« XOY and ZACB are supplementary 2 Tat an angle of 30 with horizon. or, or, or, ‘Age: a or, S528 ++ spire ont ea) e+ eb) is the angle between pa 2N2Q.Qcos8 2g ie 05 138° -. B= 138° (Ans) “si Ee om sindA~ sin2B {: ZBOC =2A, ZCOA = 2B, ZAOB= 2C] ules » JamAcosA ~ 2sinB.cosB — 2sinC.cosC, P fee) a ete 2be 2ae ad a 2abe “Dabo —Mann % [sa nani! i 40 Similaly, ZCIA=90° +2 zap =903+¢ | Tfthe forces P,Q, arin equilibrium, then by the me call) onal Sa Lam'stheorem, rie sin DIF sin EID my _ Jae Os Sn(n—L) sin (n-M) sin(n-N) Bie We Wi %inE 7 sinM ~sinN “*" @) From Sine Law of Triangle we get, n ii) W, _W, -W “Fm () and (ii) we get, jt =f = Again, given that, 7 =m =n. ., W)= W) = W; (Proved) (The sum of two forces having magnitude L and Mare 51 gm weight. Sein triangle ABC, 25? + 60? = 65" (r,BC’+ CA? = AB? § InAABC, ZC = 90° __ ike, the forces are in equilibrium a ae converse of Lami's Theorem wo ~ and 21 are tied, at~ equilibrum; a Tt % sin BOD. sin ACD Aifuawe °Y Sin BCD = sin sin C 5.1 Wsin | ) . _Wsin BCD ites sinC = _WeosB ‘inc “sinc | = @ ‘Now, the area of AABC fis le he 2 =z ab sin C or, sinC= 5, and ¢osB = ~ ca strings of length’ two points A and B fi The ends of two’, ifn lestring ‘ACB; and eae C: ap=BD=$ , and CD?= BC? BD* ior atc =474 or, cvt=qF-©) ‘Again, if T be the tension in both portion CA and CB, then the weight W acts vertically downward at C. Since the tensions in both poitions keep the eight Watrest, 0 W?=T? + T? + 2.T,T.cosC =2T? + 2T’.cosC 7 een om long are =27T(1 aie aM orizontal line musa ees =292 Sir rae ig 7 and avweight of 5:kg is one ony is is 7 oni apart ftom ‘aoe eri apart fo the end A. ot, W= 2705 ae ro i Nicos +4‘and the vertical line through C intersects zontal line passing through O at D. orn ZbcD = Band ZACD =o or the forces Ri, Ro, W acting at.C are in 2 Mrittrum. This, by the Lami’s theorem,| W -7a Proved) _h = R, wi, NCAT me ahd a “qe"-8) sin(180°— 0) ‘sin(a+ B) 8) (vii) Let, the weight W’ be at rest ona plane inclined f R [ at an atigle o. when the force P acts parallel to the horizon. If R’ be the reaction on the object, 16° id oot sina in(a. + B) ‘ heinf sina sin( sin si : then R’, P, W are in equilibrium. - Thus by Az! EN powsinS_ wena Lami's theorem, : a ‘OA RE «, The required pressures are and 10N are keeping the. _ object of 20kg mass or, 196N weight in equilibrium at point C. Since, the 10N force is acting in the opposite Oe direction, the neat force of T; and Tis” = (196 - 10)N = 186N . Let, W = 186N 1 Swe ay So, the forces T; and T; are keeping the W~ object in equilibrium at point C. The angle between the tensions Trand T= 902+ 45°= 13524 \ the tensions Ty and W: the tensions T; and The angle between‘ W = 180°! 450 — PareTension of the string =, which acts along | pint C, forces T, W, R are in equilibrium, Lami’s theorem we get, — Ww a sin(T,"W) ~ siti(T,"W) ~ sin(a+ 30°) og, RE lo * sin(180°— a)" sin(180°-30°) sin(.+ 30°) iL i * sina sin30° sin(a + 30°) _ eee : Here, AC=at+a=2a = aie woe —Wsina____Wsin30°__ and, AO =JAC’- 0C° on T= Safa. 309)~ snG0? +30) =V@ay-e : [Where a=30"] r =\4a"-a’ 1 al; oo aNGe 2 Roane one Br aa 2.85 gin60 SE fan AC. _W.2a nia or, T Ao Meanlae : T, ee Again, 5n30° ~ sina + 30°) a ‘Wain30? sat of Ta Fin(a + 30°) ~ sin GO? +30")008 5+ Pycos?5 =P,+ Piet ta ‘ i Pycosy + Pcos'y = 7+? (con 1 on Ps (ood 1) =P, (20004 27 1 -cos 2) or, Py (cost :) =P, (eo = 1) F Fi ot or, Pi=P, (cos) or, pi= 2e0s"y 2: PusP2=2c0s"f: 1. (Showed) Ue, 5 ke wet ats slong O%, and OY is perpendicular to OX. Since the forces, 10 kg weight, 5 kg weight, F, and R ae in equilibrium, the sum of the orthogonal resolved paris of them in any direction is zero, A is the common point the plat * inclined at a and B to the horizon D is a smooth pulley vertically which passes a string at and 2W which are at rest on respectively. The ends of the angles B and a to the planes respectively. Let, the tension of the string is VA reaction forces of the planes AB and AC at and R; respectively. ‘ Thus the forces R, and Rp act perpend with the planes AB and AC respectively. Since the forces W,'T, R, are in equilib the orthogonal resolved parts of ‘them direction is zero. Now, faking orthogonal resolved: BA, weget - TeosB + Weos(270° — a) + Rycos90° or, TeosB — Wsina. = 0 a ig orthogonal iB Tae ae pa cosa + 2W¢ 70° — Sb eosa eT B) + Rzc0s90” on T= 2WsinB” cosa,“ from @ja eT , -Fo=f) sn OO+a+B) . @) _ )@)> gina 2cos B “si C080. 2sin B cosB “fe cosa.= 2.2sinB cosh ~ Gsin2a=2sin 2B (Proved) > Figures “Figure-2 Incase of figure-1: Tet, the tension of the rope is T and reaction force is R, when the inclination of the plane to "the horizon iso dnd the inclination of fhe TPs io the vertical is. Since the forces W, T and “R acting at C are in equilibrium, so by the Lami’s theorem, 4 pave 2 T R _SHRCT SnROW” SnWCT ) Now, 2RCT = a+ Bee CCW = 902+ 90° a= 180°- a " Rated eave pependielar BD on AO from B. and meets tHe ‘Also let, $ be te reaction end B of the rod which acts BQ,is perpendicular to the plane CB. ther the . me 90 ve Oo According to the condition, ZBCA =6 and ZABE ie., ZDAB = BD and OG are parallel as both are vertical __ ines. Since G is the midpoint of AB, so point 0 bisects AD. ; Therefore, OD=OA=ZAD : Again, in the quadrilateral OACB, ZOAC and ZOBC are both right angles. fence, the sunB Let, the midpoint of the rod AB is G. “If the vertical line through G and the line of action of the tension BC intersect each other at ©, then the reaction force R at the end A will Pass through O for equilibrium. In this case, the inclination of the rod to the horizon, ZBAC = a. and the inclination of the string to the horizon, ZBCE =. *. £CBA=B -aand ZAGO=5—a Since the ‘reaction force R along AO is Perpendicular to the rod AB, so ZOAG = 90°. Now, in the right angled triangle OAG, e700" -a)=cota or, OA = AG cota = FAB cote wasttst CH) Again, in the right angled triangle OAB, , OA=AB tan(B -a)...... (ii) From (i) and (ii), ; FAB cota. = AB tan(B — a) or, cota. = 2tan(B — «) oF, cota, = 2 x ant: tanB = tana. , 1+tano.tanB * | of, cota + tanB = 2tanB — 2tano,” =~ “oF, cota. + 2tana = tan) ‘+ tanB = 2tana.+ cota’ (Proved) OD ae mii of (0) Tet O be any print in the plane of he trngle . (i) The end A ofa B = (14206 [ 0 2 OBB, Since the forees OA, OB and 00. ae equilibrium, so - OA+0B+08=0 or, 308-0 » OG=0, i, 0 and G are same point. ~. O is the point of intersection of the medians of the triangle ABC. (Proved) 405 uniform beam AB of length 2a is. at Test against a smooth vertical plane.. Thus the reaction R of ,the vertical plane acts along the horizontal line AE, a Let, the weight W of. the beam AB. acts Vertically downward at the midpoint G of the ~ n ‘and meet the reaction force R at the point O. Again, the reaction § of the vertical ct Perpendicularly to the beam and it will through the point © for equilibrium, If th AAB makes the angle 0 to the vertical line then, dss O° ~ 8 and AG=BG=a"Sip aoe yt igi a co Wesokgweight Q@ Ww, (ire “Let the inan of weight 80 kg stand at C whic © P the beam AB is at rest against the ) 2 meu iat fo 9a ‘ cs ‘ical plane Ab. Thus the reacti props A and B are ectively. 0 ol jon | Then, P.AC=Q.BC } of tbe vertical plane acts along, the horizontal tl ieAE. of, P.2=Q3 one... trie weight W of the beam, AB ats verily ; mi dae at the midpoint G of the beam and meet eer age Pace is ta ; ereation force R atthe point O. of, + Q= 800179 =80 2, Q=32and © Aga, the reaction force S of the vertical peg acts Therefore, the pressure at A is 48 kg-weight and to the beam and it will pass through the pressure at B is 32 kg-weight. (Ans) the pont O for equilibrium. 2 36 partie sf Now, the inclination of the beam AB to the : 1 horizontal line AE, ZCAD = 9. Since CD is 3 perpendicular to AE, so ACAD is a right-angled ; triangle. «ee es anise 2 Let, the unlike parallel forces acting at A and B ” b= AD=AC cosp = OA cose. O°? ee and Q (P > Q)and their sultant W = 36 [from AOCA] tyne acts at C; where AC = 7.em and BC =5.em: of, b= AG cos cos cos [from AGOA] “QAC=PBC of, Q7=P.5 oot on P=. wo (i) b of,b=acosg or, 3 cos*9 2. cos = ey 20 on (Showed) Gi) Let, the horizontal force is P and reaction force R From the figure. : _ ,, 10 sind =2+ Peos® 43: 4 “ deeper o SRO sin! 3 = 0055P in (i), we have, P + 4P = 500 P=100kg weight Putting the value of P in (ii), we get x 100 = 400 ke ie teaction at the end A is 100 kg weight anid at the end, B is 400 kg weight. (Ans.) (b) If the prop ‘at A bears 200 kg weight, then the _ pressure on the prop at B= (500 - 200) kg wt : =300 kg wt. Let the weight 500 kg acts at D at a distance of A. | ay . P.Q_P#Q_ 85 Oy, Bee # The man at C carries 45 kg- man at D carries 40 kg-weight. (Ans) (iii) A cin 21 kg Let, two objects of 21 kg-wt/and 49 kg-wt hanged in A and B ends. Again, the objects can be carried equally holding at point C., 2 #. 21x AC = 49 xBC 00 ae or, 21 x AC= 49 (AB — AC) or, (21 + 49)AC= 49 x AB or, 70 x AC = 49 x 3.5. AC= “The rod needs to be holded at a di 2.45 meter from the 21 kg-wt. |” Weight need to be carried (21+49) Let, the weight W of the uniform plank As it the midpoint D of the plank. 16 30 ks 49x35 7 Hhin ott sont ewe Teh ie fe rod acts atthe midpoint C of {1 te abigawab sag BR ORME kg weight is suspended: at A, then the ork weit and 6 bg weight ot ts or, wage 2080 - 4x- 12-0 Beare - 12 = dorks 0792 ox=6 [Y xt2#0]~% he length of the rod = 6 merc (Ans.) © Therefore, «(ap Lat, the extremities of the Tight, pole AB rest on yo smooth pole A and B. The Joad W hangs from point C of the pole. Jf the pressure at Ais x, then the pressure at B =X + 325 LW x+x+325 22x +325 XAC= (x + 325)BC if cB or, x3BC= (K+ 325)BC ot, 3x=x+ 325 or, 2x=325- 325 + 325 = 650 gram :. The weight of the Joad = 650.gram- (Ans.) (viLet, the weight W ke of acts at the midpoint Oo} ‘weight is suspended at the end A ‘balances about a prop at Cc whicl from the end A, and the pressure 07 <6, CD=3.ED F (ix) Lets the weight h Ac=2m. +. 0 $0, W=P+3P or, W=4P 9” and P.CD=3P. ED 3 At + W. ight W of thehe ag hatin te! Wis| C and D ata}, zi ers board acts Be sptboint, 0 of ie bos Therefore, ‘the maximum weight of W; can be placed on iy turning Bede board then the force on point D Vanishes and the resultant(W + W;) oe pointC. vf | Wx AC=Wx OC - © ACW 0c" W, See aaa [By componendo] LW, P Wew, aon @ Again, If the maximum weight of W2 can. be placed on B without turning over the board then the force on point C vanishes, and the Tesultant(W + W,) of the force pag at B and O acts along the point D. i “Wx OD= W, x BD BD Ww Om BD+0D a / 2 7@p = [By componendo] ' . stable at th a So, the resultant the reaction force o « W.0D =P.AD or, WAO— Dy Pu ay. Ih fi A, the he plank will Bion 7 (distance of b from A So, Jai Paes 1, 3H =O o% (/-2b) Pa: or, Pa — /.Qb = 2ab.P~2ab.Q*. rage Prod) Again, from (i) wR ds Pa 2 or, w (P= abQ ~ a’P— 20) Pa-Qb -@ or, /= Pa(b-a)' fed Let, Pian id som son ka 8 ees eaBp onc nile jon “saihned unlikely parallel forces P and ~~ mothe point A and B, where AB ie a a2 28 g-wt. Which acts on point C at oo Pen on he Vanes F . SS of, OP = 20. Qor, P="3" ~ © Again, P= Q= 28 1 i oe -Q=280r,¢ =28 g-B 12 “e @aP-¥ x 12=40 +. Forces are 40 gm-wt and 12 gm-wt- (Ans.) (iv) Let, radius of the circular sheet is OA is equal to the Giagonal length of the © square like hole which is. * Ifthe density is p, then the ‘weight of the circular sheet = HE p and the Weight ofthe part of sheet for the square like ee F3 le= BP. ml Weight of the rest = pa? F i eae ie forces. ec ego ayers 3)08 ot, OG = an = 1) Type -.. «, F 2.) Let, two unlike parallel 5 © So, weight of second boy is 7. rt Oy ei forces 12N and 4N act at ‘A and B on the line AB; » where AB=32.0m. "| ' Let, the’ resultant of the forces acts at C on BA (AB + AC) or, 1I2AC=4AB+4.AC or, 12AC-4.AC=4.AB or, 8AC=4x32 or, 8AC=128. * wy c= 166m” je Let equal forces R ae added at A and B, and the resultant of the forees (12+ R) at and +R) at B acts at D; where CD=' =. AD=AC+CD ” ape 216+6=22¢m or, (| Sie it aS Pes sy QaR - =QBC=({AB+AC)=QAB+QAC = Q).AC i) Dee face te by R, then the esultant (P+ R)-(Q+R)=P—Q acts at D. Thus, (P +R).AD = (Q+R).BD > Oman any. or, s(P +R).AD ~ (Q+R).AD = (Q+R).AB -Q).AD=(Q+R).AB (ii) ing (ii) by (i),-we get +R) “Aq? — [.R>0,Q> 0] “AC <. AD> AC ” Therefore, if the forces are increased by the Same amount, then. the resultant will move further off from P. (Proved) -_ Gii)Let, the resultant of the forces SN and 3N acting at the points A and B respectively is acting at the point C, located on the extension of BA. +. Resultant = (5 - 3) N=2N + 5AC=3BC © ot, SAC=3(AB+ AC) "or, SAC=3AC=3AB i ‘A and B on the uniform om. Let, the resultant of | ” =4N acts at c on BA pro then, 8x AC=4x BC" or, 8AC or, 8AC = 80 +4AC or, 4AC = 80 Now, equal forces 4N are added a and the resultant of the foces acts at -. (8+4) AD=(4+4) BDor, 12AD: or, 12AD = 8(20 + AD) or, 12AD = 1604, or, 4AD = 160. AD=“8 = 40 em «. Therefore, the resultant is displaced ata distance DC. oa :. DC=AD — AC = 40 = 20=20 6m (Ans) The uniform plank AB of 8m long and/42 weight rests horizontally. Therefore, the wei must acts at the midpoint of AB. f Let, O be the midpoittt of AB, i.¢., OA: _ 4m. Given ‘that, one support at A. Let Support at C which is 2m inside fromthe end! ;- BC = 2m; AC = (8 — 2) or 6m and OC= 2) or 2m, a. Let the boy can go at B’ towards the A without Upsetting the plank. Then 35 kg of the boy acts at BY.” Since the plank till at rest; the esultant 0 and 55 kg at B’ must act at C. é‘on two supports one at A and |." from B. 0=BO=5 +4 ewe ; .W 4, the weight of boy W, which is acts onthe " spint B. Since the boy can go on the plank to "te end B withut upsetting it. The plank will be gable ifthe resultant of forces 12 kg and W acts oC. 2.120C=W.BC or, 12 x 3= W.1 or, W=36 kg So, the weight of the boy is 36 kg. (Ans.) (ai) Let, the pegs are at C and D; the weight 2W and 3W are suspended at ends A and B tespectively. Then the pressure on the pegs is equal and the resultant’ weight acts at the midpoint O of the rod AB. © Ww 2 Therefore, AB = 20 cm = 10 em and CO = Te caknns craw anaawatsatO. 4. 2W.OA = 3WBO. . (AC +,C0) = (OD + BD) &, 2AC +2C0,=3.0D +3BD =3,5+3.BD" or, 2AC+ 1 oon 2 es respectively, then their resultant ‘acts D. From (i) and (ii) we have, ACAD! “That is, the points C and D are identical, Therefore, the: line of action of the Temains the same, (Showed) : (ii) Let, the resultant of two like “of; 2.AC— 3.BD =“Again, ifthe forces P-and Q are increased by R and S respectively then ther resultant also ats at ABO, * (P+R).AO=(Q+S). BO. (i) Agnin, if P and Q are replaced by Q and R Tespectively, then their resultant also acts at O. * QAO =R.BO.. (iii) Now, dividing (i) by (iii), we get ee «UR -G@R Again, subtracting (i) from (ii), we get RAO=S.BO.......... (v) .. dividing (i) by (v), we get gk FAGeR w (vi) From (iv) and (vi), we have Fo. or, (R-S)(-Q)=(Q-RY =k) Baise oo (Showed) OO Seti fave mod aan a _ and B respectively on the ine AB .and their + sultant acts at C, 2SsR- ) ay two like parallel fore P B respectively on the line 4} reoule rea : F in 8 Pt PHOS PHQui ge Again, two unlike aad forces of n S act D and E. Thus, of Sactng at D and (PQ) sean the point F. (P+ Q).CF=SDF........(i) Again, the resultant (P + Q) of two un parallel forces (P + Q + $) acting at F. acting at E acts at the point G. ot, (P+ Q).GF or, (P+Q).GF=SEI Adding (i) and (ii), we get +Q).CF+(P+Q).GF= or, (+Q (CF+GR)= S.(DF + ot, (P+ Q.CG=8.DE here DE = ou - % @+Q.CG=sb .. CG=asaom Therefore, the resultant is displaced. distance 55. (Showed) es wi) ing JON and 12N be tw parallel fre = tively ene at points La d SDF: SEF Ot ¥yMe 4 real . the displacement of the resultant along LM igi (Ans) ' a, the like parallel forces P and Q act at the ae ‘A and B respectively and their resultant PisaiC. Then, P.AC = QBC..... (i) ms c P Q P+R+3 Q+S+2) > R+3 i Qe the forces P and Q are increased by + 3) and (S + 2) respectively, then their resultant also acts at C. “P+R+3). AC=(Q+S+2).BC.~«--G) Again, if P and Q are replaced by Q and (R+3) | respectively, then their resultant also acts at C. Now, dividing (i) by (ii), we get RH 341: Q=-R-3 R+37942 R+3-S-2 t a3 Bib aif p2Q).Q-R= From (ii) and (v), we have @=R-3_R-S+1 a R-$+1)P-O=Q-R-3 R=3 oR-S+1="—p-g forces P and Q then then unit and 8 unit, As a result the forces displaces at a ead “Te <, 6AD=8BD. | or, 6(AC - CD) = 8(BC + CD) © or, 6(AC — d) = 8(BC + d) ot, 6AC 8B or, 3. 2AC - 8B or, 3. 3BC- 8B of, 9BC-SBC=TAd, yoyo tke a0 on, BC= 14d «d= 2. See Again, from (i) we get, 2AC = SBC ie ay OE ‘stil ot, (AB-BC)=3BC or, 2AB ~ 2B or, 2AB = SBC Putting this value in (ii) wegeb ‘ Bera ‘| _AB /, dog = 14% asa __ distance between the two forces iz 355 isan ot MSs x Displacement of resultant foree i" "1 s distance between the two forces ‘ Ue 35 (Ans.), , , (ix) Given that, two tike parallel forces 24N and 18N act at ends A and B. | ‘s A c.g 18 : If the resultant acts at point C, then, 24.AC = 18.BC, BC or, 4A(WN AAD « o{5N: ‘ahd ION acting sctively is ¥5'N force acting bet BAe + , - Resultant of - along A and B N peice b hy ht? eee aps 10.BP=10(APEAB)" © of, ISAP=10(20+AP)') , OAP +200 Again, adding k to the forces’ acting along A and B we get forces (15, +k) N and (10 + k) N whose resultant acts at a point P’ which is 8om away from the point P,:; (15 +k). AP’ = (10 +k). BP’ or, (15 +k) (AP + PP) = (10 +k) (AB + AP + PP’) or, (15 +k). 48=(10+k)68 ~~ or, 720 + 48k = 680 + 68k Adding 2N to each of the two forces move the new resultant 8\cm away from the old resultant. : BI! seit oe 9s Ou ite (Ans.) bisects the angle A. |. * Again, if the resultant (P+Q+R) of the forces P and(Q and D respectively acts at] on the _QtR_kbtke _b+e ID P 4 ae B_ AC - Bu, 55- G [From (i)] ‘ AB+AC | AB+AC Thus, from (ii) and (iii), we have Bn’ D, -. The line BJ bisects the angle B. - Therefore, point I is the point of. intersection the inner bisector OFA and BI" ane That is, I is the incentre of the be Therefore, their resultant acis at the incentte 0 the triangle. (Showed) oe Let, like parallel forces P, Q, Ri act at the angular points A, B; C of the triangle ABC.” resultant of the forces-act at G, the centroid of the triangle: Since.the force P acts at A and the Tesultant (R + P + Q) acts at G, the Ita like parallel forces Q and R acting at B and Passes through the point D,. the . Intersection of the lines BC and AGD. ; Asit 3 at H and the force P acts at A. acts 0 +R) of like parallel forces poe act at.the point D, the its of wn of the lines BC and cD From (i) and (is we get aa fanG (Proved) Bf Qed Rus () From), sin sinA sinB ‘sinC ‘cosA ‘cosB ‘cosC PeosA _ QcosB _ ReosC 1 Sin sina sinB “sinc pate sin2C Q:R=sin2B : sin2C (Showy Q_sinCOD R= sinpop [fom] Q__sin(180°— COA) _ sinOA (viiyLet, three parallel forces-P, Q.and ot; R~ sin(180°— AOB). sinAOB Again, ZCOA = 2B and ZAOB = 2C . Q_sin2B _ 2sinB.cosB, “R> sin2C” 2sinC.cosC points A,B,C respectively which are 5 and BC = OC- OB= =2_8 PB: Since the rod is in equilibrium,-thus ~ resultant of P and’Q is R whose C1 0 ah it cm aera force P acting at B and C. oie igus, 5 unit force and + fcularto Sunit force. =“) = 5 cs 0°-+ 7 cos(180° — 60°) cosC 14 es +9 cos(180° + 602) | “+ 008A: cosB = 35 : 50 and cosB : cosC = 50:5 "25-708 60° - 9 cos 60° “. COSA : cosB : cosC :50:28 (Showed) B527.5-9:5 =- 3D D> Answers and Explanations of — sin 0° +7 sin (180° — 602) multiple choice question , t ‘ +9 sin (180°+ 60°) | 1. a; Explanation: Resultant = 11 « =Tsin 60° — 9 sin 60° p We know, or, R2=P*+ Q + 2PQ cosa. or, 11?=8? +3? + 48cosa. or, cosa=1 a=0° : 2. d; Explanation: Given, P=Q=R Now, P?=P? +P? + 2P? cosa. | es Big BiG “Now, (+ Gi)? => _BGin'0 + c0s"8) = (— 3) + (VBP. “,R=9+3 or, R=12 -. R=Yf12=2y3 + Required resultant force R = 2\/3 unit (Ans.) soe 5 a= 120° ¢; 4. b; 5.a; 6, a5 i . 7. ¢; Explanation: cosa. = cos(a—60°) or, cos(—a) = cos(a-60°) or, — a = a — 60°. a= 30° od o a; Explanation: ee Cc Q oer x L S Along 7N forces Id, 0 be the orthocenter of the ABC and extended | We get, 7N + 13N AO intersects BC at D, thus, AD 1 BC. Now the | Raila ofthe like parallel forces Q and R acting lone Band Cis (Q+R) which acts along any point on Agin the point of action of the resultant’of the: 45 - 43. c; Explanation: Here, 30° = 25° + P” = 12=24 cos 2a or, P?=275 -. P=5V1IN 1 x >cos2a=5 .. = cos” 44, ¢; Explanation: R=\P’+Q+PQ cosa. 52 pee of, 6x = 360 x= 60 . f oot 21.6; : forces is 22. d5 23. o5 24 e; 25, ds 26.3 27. a5 28, 43 29. . (WP) =P? t¥ ~ 30. a; 31.a; 32.d; 33. bs or, 2P? = 2P +2Preosa 34. d; Explanation: S + eb be jn Ce 0 =cos 90° loo + & ath O= 90°06 202 = ONS we gh =7N / ’ 35. b; 36,3 37. a5 38a bas ey 51. 4; Explanation: 7 = ? a ‘ => 49= 28 ae 39. d; Explanation: R= 2Pcos’> -' if 49 eT oe 60° , gt | > cosa=—9g=—2 ° AY Sal EAN Ox casey 52. b; Explanation: R? = P* +e 1 B_ Bee ; or, 2P? = 2P? + 2P” cosa. [7 R= 53 =3y2N or, cosa=0 . = 90° — 40. a;Explanation: —~ 53. c; 54.a; 55.5 __ i ean Pc9s120° 56.,d; Explanation: 6° + 8 +2, 2 2 ae £ Bist 2 C 3) ot, 96cosa =— 48 4 z Fe a or, cost = -3 =cosl20° «. 41. ¢; pee: 57. c; Explanation: According to ques Resultant, R =P" +P” + 2P-Pcos 60 <\PeP +P =P V37=\3 +4 +234. costa => 37=9+ 16 + 24cos2a, = +4 42x Im 4 20s = SN 58. d; reo eae Here, Bas 1V2P cosa = R.cos90 art! 45. b; 46. a; 47, ¢j Explanation: lorces are P and Q, P shen Sor, P+ Q=25, @—O"+2PQ= 5“OD 7 F P+25 cosa. Leste «a; Explanation; at : T, Tee 2 2 pp 7 ee jpn, 20°= P+ 25 +2«Px25(-F) | SinG0°-605 7 sn90" am flee std Nee ie ee «1, 400=P? + 625 - 2P* or, P?= 625 - 400 * Farso ania * oP =225 -. P= 15N” 16 x sin120° @, ¢ Explanation: 12090" = 9 116 cos120° 116 sin 120° % 9 Q+ 16 cosi20° ».Q=- 16 cos120° = 8N 4. ¢; Explanation: 6 16. ¢; Ay age a Ay = 0.or, cosa = jugs rl edirome or, P 4 3P* + 23P? cosd= PY : 71. sinl50° sin(90° + 30°) wat : 78, ¢; Explanation: 2 2+ 64 2.2.6 cosa. = 4 4 ‘gt Ko gin 50° or, 40+ 24 cosa = 16 of, 24 cosa. == 24 01, pp=6 x or, cosa=—1 f sin120° 79.5 me 80. ¢ te * =2/3N 6. b; Explanation: P = Roos30° = R’ Beiesects. 6 | aoe Tiss aude PrandP, *pa : 106. b; 107. d; 108. bs 1 ee nla" =e 111. d; 112. d; “et MD 9 Baa: P= rae 113. a; Explanation: tan F or, Q+2Q cos a= 0, — 91. ds. Sas : Here; 42AC = 24BC 42N ~ AC_ 24 t ot BC 42. G *BC=AC AB "42-24 24” a Sar ie a. 2. AB: BC=3:7 114.d; 115. d; 116. d; 93. c; Explanation: 12x'= 8(15 ~x) 117.d; Explanation: If BC =x,. = 120 -. x=6m 2. 5x =9(5 —x) 94. bs =8x BC=8(AB - AC) or, 5x = 45 - 9x or, 14x=45 - ON 46 ANE “ ACX6=BCx4 or, (AB= BC) x 6=BCx 4 or, 10BC = 60 -. BC=6m as 98. d; d; Explanation: 20xAC=PxBC , or, 20 x 20=P x (30-20) ss 4eae peQeenyttirlin e 1 # eu spc 75 mei b; 13 ation: 10-6=4 =3x4= = 43 units neEX jon: R= GPY + OP) + 2.3P. 2P cose gk Bet 12P? cos oF... (i) Ain, OR) = =(6P) + (2Py + 2.6P.2P cose. pe 40P? + 24P* cos ot -... (ii) OP? + 6P* cosa. ar, sae + 12P? cosa. = 10P? + eq,13+ 12 cosa= 10 + 6cos or, 6 cosa. = -3 1 ee 2 sa= 120° 18. a5 19, ; Explanation: 3 Jer or, 63 = 144 - Por, p?= 144-63 or, P2=81 .. P=9N M4, ti he TS 6P? cosa. ante 60° “Tee 2cos ~~ saa Mi, b; 142.b; \6.b; Explanation: According to the condition - 102774216 [ier sin = 145. 146. c; Explanation: 147. a3 Se AE =BE=3m AC= Be BD=2m_ -. PkgandQ D repectively <) P.CE = 0 kg in (i) tS Ea 20kg / 148. b; Explanation: Let, the the equal theitrultant R4 ge Let, the resultant R makes an an, Reos 8 = l'cos 0° +2 cos 60°+4 co » Rsin@=1 sin 0° +2 smi60°+4 sin -. B® cos? 6 +R’ sin? 0=0 + (33) a3) «R= ay. 163. a; Explanation: Since the direction of resultant remains unchanged Sada P :