VECTOR CALCULUS Di FERENTIATION : GRADIENT - DIRECTIONAL DI "GURL - SCALAR POTENTIAL Q1. Write short notes on vector differentiation. Answer + Vector Differentiation Differentiation of a vector point function F(x, y, 2) is given as, aF oF a= So de 5 dy +e a a = #-(edordah Alternatively derivative of a vector function F(#) can also be defined as, 1 F0+9-FO we General Rules of Vector Differentiation o wo, (iii) (iv). C) ac an (wi) Lexan + (Gecpr(eajroos 02, ifA=5tT+t-0K and B=sintT—cost], then find gp Sa B). Answer : Given vectors are, Aa ser tej-Pk ALLAN-ONE |ERIVATIVE - DIVERGENCE - 7 B= sint 7 - cost j pa FOO iecino JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STODENTs. SIA GROUP. {{3MATHEMATICS-Il [JNTU-KAKINAD A; HOD aba jr -cost 7) . _ AR) Asin “6 T+17-e8) A sinrT~coar 4 (set +17 -f sea = (5 (a) )sin #17 —PE\eose T= (sing) 4 (S207 +F ~ n n ing Tost 7 = (52 F417 PR \coss T +sine 7) (lor F +7 ~3P ENO = (SP cose + sine) + (108 sint — cost) = S#cost+ Lr sine cost a GeA-B)= SP ose + 11¢ sint cost Q3. P= 5 T+t°7-tK and Q= 2sintl —cost J +5tK, then find, @ $exa e «i Zir.a) Answer = _ Mode Papers cy Given that, Pa SPT 407-1 O= 2sine T ~ cost 7 + 5iF ‘ @ fexg= rx Bsr Png = (sP7 +27 -18)* (a sinti —cost J +51h)+ GSAT +P —iR)*(2sine 7 —cost 7 +51) = (5P7 +7 = 1h) (cost T ~ (sino + SK) + (S(207+ (32)7 -F) x 2sine T cose F + Stk) = (527 +P7 tk) *(2e0st 7 4+3K)+ (1017 +327 —&)x(2sint 7 ~ cose j + Stk) 7 TF sept 2coss' sint 5 lor 3-1 Jasin¢ —cost St 4 = [7 (58 +¢ sine) — 7(25? + 2r cost) + K(SPsint ~ 2° cost)] + [ase — cose) — (S07 + 2sinz) + F(-10r cose ~ 6¢°sint)] = [5° + sine +15 ~cost]7 ~ J125# + 20st + 50? +2 sine] + F [SP sint ~ 2P cost — 108 cds — 6st) = [200 + teint ~ cose] 7 — F175? +2(tc0s1 + sind)]+ F{10¢ cost — Asin — 2Fcos.] ae x Q) = [207 + tsint — cost] 7 —[2teos/ + 2sint +757] 7 ~t{10 cost + rsint +208 AE Gi) 4eQ= 7 ABs ae = (5f7 +. - = (527 +P] th) Qcost 7 +sint 7 +5k)+ (1Or7 +327 a (sins T cost J +58) + FST ~P7— Ey asine T — cost 7+ SiR) ~B (esine 7 cose F + Sik) = (10P cost +P sint ~ St) + (20tsint ~ 3° cost — 51) P sint +7? cost + 20t sin? ~ 10¢ eo Look for the GROUP Loco on the TITLE GovER Ss aa you'buyGa Define the following, (0 Gradiont (i) Divergence (i) Curt (iv) Potential function, Answer t Gradient Tt Voto Cale ‘The gradient of scalar point function fis defined as, (Divergence ‘The divengence of a continuously differentiable veetor point function ‘#” ean be defined as, OF 7 BE yp aE dive vrs TE 2) 7 +97 +WR) ii) Curt . The curl ofa continuously differentiable vector point function ‘F” can be expressed as, Curl F=V x F= TRE jn ERE If F=fi +oj+wk Then, Cul F=0>F Ej EERE) a yi +97 +yEy 77 “|e & 8] (8-2) 18-2) 2-¥) fow Gv) Potential Function ‘A vector field that can be easily obtained from a scalar field is defined by a function called vector function. This Function is represented by j= , which is equal to the gradient of a scalar field. Then, F= grad (@) ie, Where, F = Conservative vector and (= Scalar potential. =Vo Note If F is conservative or irrotational then F =.¥@ SPECTROM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS SIA GROUPQs. Answer : Find a unit vector normial to the surface xy’z?= 4 at the P Given surface is, HTH Pan tk zor? = TOF24) + JGy2Z) + F Qy*2) TI Q+F BEDE) 2+ F RDEV? Q6. (i) Find V4, if § = log (x? +y* +2"). (i) fF = x2yzi + xy?zj +xyz"K then find div F at the point (1, 2, 3). Answe! (Given function is, = loge? +)*+2) => v Teed RRR Pilogee +»? +247 toa" ++ 21 +F Zpoge? + y+ 2)] “febeoelh ops Ae] ty te ee arksz0)|ttheceexen (ii) Given function is, Fa xyil +uPzj tek -(7% a td Ore R(T +9727 +928) = Zern+ Feo Fox ie ay Or D+ ae2) Dye +292 + Daye v2 = divFly2s = DQG) =36 div Fat (1, 2,3) = 36 7 Most 7 Look for the SIA GROUP Loco. ol nth © TITLE COVER before you bi uyUNIT-1 Vector Calculus Ls 7. Find Tea] +28. Answer + Given function is, IY 2) = ay + yz? Point, PCs» 2)= (2,—1, 1) +5 +2E irectioy The gradient of a scalar “ae LY, 2) is, Vanna TE jee L Be OP + TZ oor tyes FZ Wort) =7T0)+ FOG) +2)+ FG2y) =PT +G0?+2)7 + QF ‘Vfat (2, =1, 1)= (1) T+ [3(2) 1 +1) F430 FE =-T 477-3 = Lege ‘The directional derivative of fin the direction 7+ 2+ 2K is, af ea e938) Directional Q8. Find the values of a and b so that the surface 5x? — 2yz — 92 = 0 may cut the surface ax? + by?= 4 orthogonally at (1, ~1, 2) Answer: Given surfaces are, Aes ¥, 2) = 5° = yz 92=0 wu (1) ae 3 =artbypa4 Q) pls, 3 2)= (1-142) . ie,x=Ly=-hz=2 ‘Substituting x, », 2 values in equation 2). aye oe 4 => a-b=4 a Consider, = (4) SPUN ALLIS JOURHAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS —— SIA GROUP <5 SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE[JNTU-KAKINADA) as MATHEMATICS! | 3, 1, -2), direction From equation (1), In what airection roms 5. aximum? Find teil a - valu | = S(2x) maximum Mode! P2502. : Pa Given funtion i a $ a--9 “ Substituting the corresponding values in equation (4), point, P= (3. 1-2) ! Vm (10x) 7 + (-22)7 +(-2y-a) Partially differentiating: equation (1) with respect to, E sand"? 4 Why-ay= WOO)T -22)7 - BC+ 1F | => = 07-47-78 | Consider, a = 7, 7, 7 ven 27+ ET + EE From equation (2), FE = (2x) = 20x By 7 Gy) = 3b? ‘Substituting the corresponding values in equation (5), Vg=QaxT +Gby)7 +0 Vly 727 #306 DF => mn 2a7 +367 ‘As fy and iy are normal veetors to equations (1) and @2) respectively, my (lof ~47 -7F)Qat +367)=0 > > Wa-12b=0 => 4Ga-3)=0 => 5a=36 > a=db Substituting a= 32 in equation (3), Bo-b=4 => 3b-50=20 = -2 = be-10 a2 Substituting b=-10ina= 55, | ‘vfat the point (3, 1,2) is, | gpm afta) (ay) al 2019 F( ap ){aaFoyta}) > Vf = 967+288)-288k | => Vf = 96(7+3/-3k) ‘The directional derivative is maximum in the direction, — } 96( 7+ 3}-3F ) co | ‘The maximum value of directional derivative is, 9611+ Q10. Find the angle between the two surfact Mey z= 9,224 yz = 3 at (2, 1,2) Answer 5 ce Model Papers. 010) Given surfaces are, Foy tseg 0 Btycee3 r Point, p= 1,2) Angle between two surfa * angle between the _ ‘of equations (1) and (2) Took for thé SIA GROUP Loco atthe point ___ one canine ESS ESEPEEESSSEEPROEEBE Eastern canna on thi © TITLE COVER before you buy A = a1 Vector Calculus uNIT-1 Fe Let, = ty +2~9 and Qeety ‘The normal to first surface is expressed as, m= Vo, ites Og Re SH EG, 2x) + FQy)+ Ke2) ny at (2-1, 2)=47+27 44k Similarly, normal to second surface is, FR) + F@)+ RC) my at (2,-1,2)= 47+ 9 -F ‘Angle between the normal is, cos = [m fina | Substituting the corresponding values in above equation, con 9 x Sica. -2}-B Vib +4416 V16+441 _ 16 +44 edt 16 8 621 3y21 feud > = 20s 0= 5 - mf af_8 <. The angle between two surfaces is, @ = cos Ped Q11. Find the directional derivative of the function 6 = xy? + yz° at the point (2, — 1, 1) in the direction of the normal to the surface xlogz - y? + 4 = 0 at (-1, 2, 1). Answer = Model paper-4, Q1(a) Given function is, dant ty? Surface is, y= x loge —y? +4 Point, P= (2, -1, 1) Point, Q=(-1, 2,1) al derivative of the function ¢ is, SPECTRUM ALLIN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS SIA GROUP gwPee IDtey aye e 2g +2] +key) ay a) ; =b pT HOR CHE OIT +609 CDE -7-37-3F Vo= 7-37 -3F Directional derivative of the surface w is, a+ (2) z EEC or =(log2)7 -en7+(5)F vay at 1, 2, 1) z Roe aye =log(1)7 -20)7+(F)F Vya-47-& ‘The unit normal to the surface W(x, , 2) at O(-1,2, 1) is given by, 1 derivative is given by, 4 -(4 +k g-g-m =D ‘The required directional MATHEMA’ cs-Ill [JI INTU-KAKINAD A) ~() wl n the TITLE COVER before you buyyn Vector Calculus a ORT -F 3G +P) =EE= T.E=7.F =0) iz. (i) If x? T + Sx y?] + Sxyz* K then find curl F at the point (1, 2, 3}. (i) Show that the vector (—x? + yz)T + (4y —'z2x) J + (2xz~ 42) i6 solenoidal. Answer : “ () Given function is, Po 3e7 +597] +592°E TUE avxp-|2 2 2 => Curl F=V x F=|3, ay Br 3x7 Say? Saya? 7[2602)-260]-7[Z602-Ze9)]+F[Z60)-Fo] F [5x2* -0}—J [Sy - 0] + [sy? -0] = 5x2? — Sy297 + 5? = SpeF -ye°F +E) Curl Fat (1, 2,3)= 5(()G)°7 - QE) 7 + QE] = 5277 ~ 54] +4] Curl Fat (1, 2,3)= 5[277 - 547 +4] (i) Let the given vector be, F=(8+y2)7 +(4y-2 07 +e -4)F The vector F is solenoidal if and only if V.F =0 PEAT EER) H+ 97 + - 20) +2490) (e+ y+ Bay 2x) + He — 42) +4420-4 13. ifr +yj +zk, show that, (). vres (i) vxr=0 Answer : Mode! Paper-4, a1(b) SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING ‘STODENTS SIA GROUP abene SOS TEER SSESU ASHLEE EB EESBSE BEEBE [UNTU-KAKINAD, Ly 1.10 MATHEMATICS Given vector is, Feat yp tak wo VF = (TR ATQ ER) typ tak) - For Zo-+2o SVR sttreies Gi a a )]-7[2w-Ze}+F [0-H = FO] - Flo} + Flo} =o vx7 <0 Q14, Calculate curl (curl A) of A= x2yT + yz] +z7yk Answer : Given vector is, A= xXyTt yz7teyk Tg culaevxa-|2 ZF ty yz zy! 7[Zen-20-9]-7kev-Fen]+#[Fora- Fe Tt? -yI-F 10-9} Fo-*7} Tet yl ke = Curl (Curl 4y=V x(0 A) : Sle 4, He Mes, ¥ =7[$c9-Fo]- = (0) Jl-2x - 22] + F0+2y} ' % a e C9-RE-]+F[ZO- Ze - ya) = 2e+2)) + 29K Curl (Curl A)= 20+ 297 + 27k Gas. WF F= grad (x + y' +2 ~ 3xyz) find div Fand curt F, Answer = Given function is, F >X 4,0) —-B(I.0) Figure Circulation of F is given as, Farm [Fars [Pars [Fart [Far ee al : Fade (e*siny T+ e*cosy 7). (ax + dy j + de) = e*siny dx + e*cosy dy Along AB Here, y= 0 dy=0 aries from 0t0 1 | Far= ef eFsin(O)de + e!cos(0)(0) in =0+0 =o: f Fadr=0. Along BC Here,x=1 = de=0 1» varies from Oto J, [Far= fe siny(0)+ cosy dy F = ef cosyay 3 efsiny [sin —sino [Parse ic SIA GROUP ah1.18 MATHEMATICS: Sines inerval of reorresponds to one are of cyclo oe lies from 0 to: 2m. sak ; is in habeas basing he comespoing values ine irae five Ae ¥ f ate-sing (osint d— a(0 280 C= [Farm flersio(Z)de+ eras] i “ ona chs 7 ; ede $f te—sind (sin) =A e087) sint “sin2#— (1 + 0087F — 2cosi)] at ia =1-cos*t + 2c0s2) dt. (¢sine~ sin (¢sint ~ (sins + c0s?#) -1 + 2084) dt 3 varies from to 0 [Far= f ésiny(0)+ cosy dy * a Pn ef sinrae—f (0 f sine) ar 2042 =F [tccos~ f Ceosnyar -21+2sing]” = $ [-teos e+ sine -2¢+2sins]3* 4 ‘ a Fh sce + sine - Q26. Compute the area of the region bounded by one : watcem dy sath coed ao Creed = J [-2ee0s(2n) +3 sin@x) ~22n) -O)) : . Answer: Es = F 2x (1) +30) 4x] Given that, a 6 ee) w 5] y= a(l=cos 0) ° ~@) == “area of the region is given by, i. ast fod-yeo i 'na" square units. © Q27. = 182i -1 Eval x = 1g equations (1) and (2) with respect to“? — JfAa ds where A de=a(l abs - ae ‘that part of the plane 2x + 3y +! a . + sin )de= asi Answer 4 (°°ated in the first octant. Model! Given that, Ae Wi azj app Plane is, 2+ 3y462= 19UNIT-1 Vector Calculus. 1.19 SSS nD From equation (1), An= Consider, Vo = = ee Vo _ 2F+35+6k : IVol” Yaro36 3]+6k Substituting equation (3) in equation (2), im = (182i —12]+39h), 2a +37 +6F] = 4362—36+18y] = j[pott=taa- soviny] [= 18-36 + 18) 1 = 7 [72- 12e- 1 1. An = 436-12; 1A. 7F x] If Ris the projection of S on the xy-plane, dxdy _ ded) ds = HY dey, [ne] a) 6 = JfFnae Janis - : | fos gaeoy 2'f fic-200aedy Roof ay-plane is 28+ 3y = y=, then x=6 varies from ‘0’ to ‘6” 12-2 » varies from ‘0° to —S—= po ere ee | SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS | (2-291 J ina ff Jer} ‘ Jt6o1s2e - = 22 ]o2? de rey ‘ =4 [Fe-n Jxdce24 fac 0 =o “LL ow 4 9 (6))-2p6+ 246) = 129 636) 2446 1 962164 144 =28 + [faints 24 Q28. Find the area of the circle x? +y? = a. Anawer 5 Given equation of circle is, etyeg Here, aia is. IER is a region bounded by a simply closed curved c, then its area is given by, A= $f (xdy~yde) ~@ Let, x= acos 0, y=asin0 => cte=—asin dO, dy = a.cos0 ® and 0 varies from 0 to 2n, SIA GROUP “Ib1.20 MATHEMATICS: Substituting the corresponding values in equation (I), an} f Ua cot 0Xacon0 0)-(a sin 0X-a sin 00)] 3 a 4 J etcot0+etinto) : an a =4 f 2? (cos?0 + sin?0) dO é [-sin?0 + cos?0= 1], Area of circle is, na" square units Q23. Discuss in detail about surface integral and volume integral. Answer : Surface Integral * 7 Surface integral is defined as an integral which is evaluated over a surface. Let us consider a smooth surface F = f(u,v) and continuous vector point function F(F) which is defined over surface as shown in figure. : Figure represents the region of the surface, which is divided into m “The vector area of S, is given as, &Ai = BS, Where, Fj, — Unit normal of 85, Consider the sum J, = 3 FGjyBA, = EF GR, ts ‘sub regions of areas 8s, 8s ‘As the number of sub surfaces increases the area of sub surfa ie., when m —+ © 5s, —> 0, if it exists then integral is called FO dA (00) [Fads ces decreases, ‘norm: i al surface integral which ig given as, Volume Integral 7 ion FF). 187" der a vector point function F(F). 1*¥" isthe volume enclosi = BY, . BV enclosing the surface 7 ‘m sub-regions, 5Y,, 5 If BUF) represents a point in By, then, sum is given as, Le EF,m= 87, O then volume integral is defined as, é JF@ av (on) [Fav : i i 030, HF =(x+y')T— 2xy J + 2y2k. Evaluate J F.iids where 8 Is the aurface of pl first octant, = Answer: ' Given funciton is, Fa(x+y")F- 20 742k Equation of the plane, : owe t i Btyt2=6 Let, surface $(1 = ety + 22-6 ‘The surface S lies in the first octant as shown in the figure, z 0 2x +y + 2z = 6 In the Model Paper, Q2{a) (I) From equation (1), ~@ ee 428 Pam [(xty)7 = bof +292 FY [2 E 2x + y')— Day + Aye , (6-25-y) * = eee From equation (2) 2x4 2y' Dey #12 2? . + * 3 ie 2x Gay iy / 3 > ese ‘VECTROM ALLAN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS —-———=—Limits 31. WF = (2232) F -2xyj -4xk, Answer aso tor thes Cea p 2x - 6xy_ [Fide = [BSP 3 aeay = [ (v= 3x94 6y)asay Surface is, 2x + y+ ox’ varies from 0 to 3. ty’ varies from 0 to 6 ~2x in xy-plane] [ria = f [0-9 6)aa%' flo ev] & = [[H6-29- 346 -20+306-20]er = [ow 20 - 38066 + 40-240) +3006 4-240) or = f tox 24° = Sty — 64" +364" +108+ 120? Tle = foe + 464° — 120% + 108% ae 4 1203" + 08x) @ fvFov and : i {Vx dv where, v is the closed region bound i) J led by x= 0,y = 0, 209, 2x4 2y 42" Given function is, Z F = (2x? - 327 Day ~ 0k «is the region bounded by. |= 0,28 * 2) +24 as shown in figure, GROUP Loco QR on the tre COVER x= Oy ook f ft before you buy SSERECEMRRCs Cet Eiiecer eeeUNIT-1 Vector Calculus Limits varies from 0 to2 4-28 y varies from 0 to z +z aries from 0 to. 4~2x—2y o vray £2. ox? 327-29 J-4akl= 2x? a a 2 lax? 327-29 Fant ]= 2x32) 2 2942 C4) =4e-20+0= +BE ax? ~30)7-2ay Jaa] = 5 Ox? ~30)45 By) 4 (Ar) = de — Be +0= 28 = fv«Fa= if Paty de . 2 dV = ds dy de] arr = f fess auy 2x(4-2x-2y) de dy Yo ax (8x —4x? —4xy) dudy — ote etn etn © 1 (te--F] és 2 = f(8s2-2)~49 2-2) -2s12-1)" de a t 2 = Juuse— 0? 8x2 44x? 2nd =4x)] de a 2 7 fose-16? 4x8 82-2094 8x2) de SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS Sia GROUP 5Ee MATHEMATICS: Bay 44? np A at6 =o 30)" +42) w 8-16 = 5 " TOPE rel 2 2 a vxFe| 2 2 xP Oe ax?-32 -2y - a a (240-26 2m) }[G49-2ee-s9} -3)}H Jf Zc2n-Zae-s0) 2 0-JE4+3)+F%) = J- HE aiotaeay = forren If Jo yh) dx dy ds (F-2ykMe)g I de dy wots iste (J-2yk4—2x-2y) de dy on Oe ot eS [-25-29)7-(6)-40~4y° vf dy ayy yprz-( 2? 4 V7 [or-a5-r-7 2% 2 3 kl de [overeat ed ~2x(2-2)? 7-H] tc 2-ay8-29-24.97-0-984-24-$0- lee A setae eh tos = [[e-ve-n7-2-9(2 Bear Fle : i 2 7 fle 7G case il 7 4 2 : fe 7-Fe-vte-aFa ; H : fee tty aca - [27 4% aC Pi“QNIT-1 Vector Calculus NE Q32. Evaluate j Fay, Answer as Given function is, Fe dria yh X80y= Oy 620,204 Since z= x? andz=4 => x=4 => x=2 * varies from 0 to 2, ‘The volume integral is given as, Jr dv = ff fF axayas ae 4 J J Jeesi—sj+ 7B avay ae #05001 s0y=0 200 20/2054 20 y=0 20 0 )=00¥ ; iP] gh if Joos dedy j Jlraiacey J a 0/0 0-0 00 =i] fous tcayFf fier wradcarek j. Jes Hoy=0 s0y0 2000 26 2 —ipy J toy —2 ¥8 de -F js -evbaer fle 0 j=0 fo sd aif Fis6) 0-0-7 f [[4x(6)—»° (6)]-O}de +E Til 2090 0 =7 fv 6x3] dx - Ff em coast J ee 72x"! po fol : ap -T js? def for] + F[288x— 2482 4 x 965 = [i x0?-$or)-o|-J[[207 = 1687-247 +3848 | fre = 1687-247 +384F SPECTRUM ALDIEONE JOGRNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS fF = 2x21—xj yk and Vis the region bounded by the surface x: j j jew éxdyas f i Jato aes'f j prteina t ff aca ae- if i [rerasif | fo acayae Py?) dx dy, j foe acy a0-7 f foe-AtaeasF f fvr@-rriaed et. oo] +Fuass- 24(2)]-[0]] SIA GROUP ‘QS26 MATHEMATICS LINTU-KAKINA ——— oa $8 DIVERGEN a ae mn sy whors Gs the rectanote with very Q33. State Green's theorem and evaluate f(x? -costy}elx 1 by! sine) (0, 0), (x, 0), (, 1), (0, 1) c Answer : Mode! Paper, oy ‘cand i i If" represents a closed region in.xy plane bounded by a simple closed curve ‘C” ‘and if M,N are continuous wand y, then, ear. fff 282M furore (22-24) Problem i Given integral is, Jee -comm pdx + (r+ sinxydy é Where, *C is the rectangle with vertices (0,0),(1,0),(1,1), (0, 1) as shown in figure below, ‘Comparing equation (1) with L.H.S of equation (2), M= 2 ~cosh y and N= y + sine =O =~ ginny; BY = cose Ey ‘Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), Jo? -cosh yyy sin andy = Jftcorsesin Dade dy é Limits z se varies from 03) sy’ varies fom (0.1) ; Look for the SIA GROUP L080 “5 on ihe TITLE coy - ER betore yaliby ne nc eaunmunkRARCTTIRERRMURERED GR eensUNIT-1 Vector Calculus ae eet a Je ~coshy) d+ (y+inayay f f (eb + winhy abe dy o6 ~ frcousrcos [cos.x + cosh 1- cosh O]dx (cosx + cosh I= Ide [+ cosh 0-= 1] ‘| | = (sinx +x cosh 1-295 = sin + neoshl — = (cosh ~ 1) [> sin = 0) 2. JG coshy) de + (y+ sinx)dy= n(cosht ~ 1) é Q34. Using Green's theorem, evaluate _{ [{y - sinx)dx-+ cosxdy] Where C is the plane triangle enclosed by é the lines y =0, x= 5 andy= 2x. Answer : Given integral is, Seo—sinsyde-cosx ay ) a From Green's theorem, Maes Nay = Sle ae ats dy (a), c Comparing equation (1) with LH.S of eq M=y-sinx; N=cosx aM a a OM. 2 (ysinxy=1 = 3-3 ONisio seana = mh (cos x)= — sine ‘The region bounded by the triangle in xy-plane is as shown in figure, y Figure SPECTRUM ALIAN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS ____———"sia GROUP aSubstituting the corresponding values in equation (2). for-sin yavteosady = Jfecsinx-nae dy and ro At =- ff Ginx ndvde vio sto x -- flew» fa yo x0 de a Joonxenabi w= -fonseaf2-o] - ~ Baten A als Sein (esin r+ 0dr xsin x-de+ fx de oem 1 H ain Sie ifm fomnat (8 = face rf] at illat*3}-00}-2) ~He-mg-e] aft] ~ [eal fase gre 4(WNIT-1 Vector Calculus anaes a nn a a ID 35 Apply Green's theorem to evaluate | [(2x?-y")dh+ (x? +y?}dy], where C Is the houndary of the area enclosed by the x-axis and upper half of the circle x? + y= ai, me ‘Mode! Paper-1, Q2{b) Given integral is flee ~y*)dx+(x? + y*)ay] z From Green's theorem, a =f (faw_am J [atax + nay] = f J [3L- BM Jacay 2) Comparing equations (1) and (2), M=2e-y aM. ; = ay = . ) And N= 2 +2 = ten = flet-» pac +yya]= [Wea oS) c i ‘The boundary *C’ in xy-plane of the arc enclosed by x-axis and the upper half of the circle x? + y? = ais shown in the figure, y a) x a Figure From the figure, r varies from 0 to a and @ varies from 0 to m. Substituting equations (3) and (4) in equation (5), flex -y? 4x4? +y* ay] = [f(ex+2y,dxdy = 2f [e+ »paay t x Let, =r eos 0,y=rsin 6 => dxdy=rddr = 2[ [r(cos0+sin®)rd0dr Ir = 2fPar{(cos0 + sin®)d0 a 0 - 2fr*)*fsin 0- cos 0]5 Flr I sin 0- cos =2a'aen= > aa ee fle? = y?ydee 2 + yd] = a se Sia GROUP 25 SPECTRUM ALIHN/ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS,Q36. Ans: MATHEMATICS-II| [JNTU-KAKINAy 21x tye, by the lines x= 1, Evatuatef ty +<}ax+ 10 +Ffay whore cs the square formed BY Using Green's theorem in the plane. Given integral is, ford pe sya © is square formed by lines x= 1,x=-1,y=L,y=-1 uD 1 an >x sy 00.9 fr aay oH Figure ‘Comparing equation (1) with f Mads+ Ndy Maytet > Nexsty am an ey tb ae m2 Green’s theorem is given by, footee+ nay Ne From the figure, x varies from -1 to 1 Y vaties from -I to 1 fevreracersyyay = J feenaey : 3 aM wie foes der err ray Look for he SUA GROUP Loco ge TITLE COVER bor fore you! ibliy1.31 UNIT-1 Vector Calculus : nnn nc Q37. Verify Green's theorem for, P 2 weetindyee Jlov + y?)dx + x?dy] , where C Is the closed curve of the region bounded Ans: Given integral is, Jey + a0 + 2a] c =) j ‘And Cis the closed curve of the region bounded by y= 3 3 = a2 | From Green’s theorem, . Jimmi [RE 20) oy Comparing equation (1) with the L.H.S of equation (2), x te yea] ‘Therefore point of intersection is, (0, 0) Ifx= 1 then y= 1. Therefore point of intersection is, (1, 1) ‘The intersecting points are (0,.0) (1, 1) as shown in figure below, From figure, Jacace nay = fu s+ Ndy+ [M de Nay = @) d 4 7 @ Along Cie, OA x= 0001 yer = dy =2eds SPECTROM ALLI}-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSCS 1.32 [Mars nay = Jewry yarextay & & - fee seoterestaran > od) (5) Substinsting equations (4) and (5) in equation (3), 19 [elas+ Ndy+ [ Mdx+ Nay = 1 2 é ON OM 4, +29) a es an re Look for thi aM. y-2y ay SIA GROUP LOGO MATHEMATICS: JJNTU-KAKINADA an 2M andy fle2n aay [ie ee . J ji-ana}a foe]! - flee) Ce (0 pee From equations (6) and (7), ON aM Jac ay [E-Bay ! ; Hence, Green's theorem is verified. 38. State Stoke's theorem and ver the Stoke's theorem for F = (2x—y) 7 —yz?j—y2zk where Sis the upper half surface x? + y? +z? = 4 of the sphere and Cis its boundary. Answer : Statement Let‘S*be a surface bounded by aclosed non-intersecting curve C.If Fis any differentiable Vector point function, the? §Far = four Rivas TRSTE °C" is traverse in posi fon and Nis ti Sutvard dwn unit normal vector S steetion an Problem Given function is,URIT-1 Vector Calculus From Stoke’s theorem, fra ffo SJom Finds ») -A&ora-Ler-y)+H209-2Zer-y) (-2y2+ 292) — To 0+ FO+)=F i out Fas = ff gy Wher, is the projection in —— vg [Jou Faas = of fou [v8tyetsy= Vile] Cul F=-(7+7+F) Let) = be the unit normal to the surfce = ¢ 2 ¢ 7 deers a+F pete a+e eo RetroUNIT-1 Vector Calculus 1.35 Where sis the area of the circle = m2 From the figure, length of the diameter AB = Va? sa? = 2a VBa_a Radius of cirele is, (40. Verify Stoke's theorem for F = (x? y?)i + 2xyJ, where S is the rectangle in the xy-plane formed by the lines x=0,x =a, y=0 andy =b. Ans: Model Paper-2, a2(0) Given function is, From Stoke's theorem, [ edr= [cut Fnas curl F=VxF © em | | a {2-2 2 @m)-2 62-9? -Z0-Zen|-42o S90) - F639) = 10) - JO + F2y- 2991] = Ry+2y) =4ky Jourt Finds = Ka yids ' = fou ent f forare = fo} if » E.nds = dedy and R is a region on xy-plane] ° STIL FOR ENGINEERING STODENTS SIA GROUP 5 SPECTRUM ALIRFONE JOURNAL Fo!= feu Finds = 2ab? ar ides jay (-)7 +297 © Seu = fie -r)F+Qy) Deldei+dy I = JG? -»}ar+ ema] Along AB, y=0, dy=0 ‘Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), frar= joe = O)de +0) = Jortae 3 2 Along BC, x= a, de= 0 ‘Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), rar = i + (2ayydy] = few wy ° a Along CD, y= b, dy=0 ‘Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), Jrar= fic? -0ae+0) = iG? 0% a] Along AD, x= 0, de=0 Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), fear Se vs [fdr = AB + BC~CD- AD = feats aor Je -6?)de—0UNIT-1 Vector Calculus Lat ST a Far = | curt F.nds = 2ab? Hence, Stoke's theorem is verified, aut. senty Stoke's theorem for F= (y —2 + 2) + (yz +4) xzk where 8 le the surface of the cube x=O,x= “plane, 2y=0,y=2,2=0 and z= 2 above the xy. Answer 1 Given function is, Fa(y~ 242)+ 6244) —m2k ‘Where, Sis the surface of cube. x=0,y 0.x=2,y=2,2=2 above xyplane, From Stoke’s theorem, foutrnds = friar 7 eae 2&2 2 or ay TH) uae Fe-2)-2o2+a)7 ~(&-9- Fo-2+2)7+(Zoe+9-Zo-z+2)e -9-FEr+)+ FO-1 Cy plane] foutFads = ff tanay . le bia ; nije <-2pif =-20)=-4 a fut Rade =) Consider, [rar = f-2+2)T +0244) 7 aR) (de +4] +B) = fl(y-242,de+ (924 4)dy—(oaz] H Ib1.38 Fis above the surface of gyplane 220 =de=0 Jrdr= Jors2rde+ faay Along O4,y =0,2=0,dy=0,d:=0 rare Jew =k =4 > Along CO, x =0,2=0,de=0,de=0 fra fey = 2 From the above surface when z = 2 Along 4'B', x=2,2=2,de=0,de=0 firdr= foaysauy = [¥[ +08 ae n4e8e22 Along B'C’, y=2,2=2,dy=0,dz=0 f rareo Along C'D', x =0,2=2,dr=0,d:=0 fear = Jarra wy 2 a - bf ton =-12 Adding equations (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8) and (9), rar =4-848-84041240-125-4 From equations (1) and (10), Far = feutt Finds =—4 Hence, Stoke's theorem is verified. Look for the SIA GROUP Loco ww on the Title co R before you you'tUNIT-1 Vector Calculus bo 1.39 ae EB a Q42. Verify stokes theorem for F=-y'T +x°] , whore sis the circular disc x? +y*<1,z= 0. Answer Given function is, 2 0 in xy plane From Stokes theorem, Jedr= ff cunt ends frar In parametric form, x= cos 0=9 dr =—sin 8 ad in @ => dy= cos 0 dd 6 varies from 0 to 2n. = framfo eps Substituting the corresponding values in equation (1), ‘ds + Fay + Feds) ‘dx+xdy wl) { Far= £ sin? ©(~sin 8)d9 +-c0s? @(c088)8 |," sin‘ 8d0+cos" 840 © JF Gin‘ 0+ cos* oyd0 = JP" -2sin’ bcos" @)d0 = [f"1d0- J" (asin? ocos? @)a0 - fP1d0-1f-" esinoeos0y' a0 = [120 5 sot 2640 216040 4 = [10-5 SSa0 = [140-2 f" 14045 fcosaedo = (oft Hott» 4fanaoy" -0n-9-en-0)+ Lents sin) =2n- 784 L(o-9 4716699 = on franF @) Jon Kands Corl TTR aaa ax ay az yoo -[a,2 Hey |- 7 [2 0+2. 2 (o) Je | i[Z« 20] aw Naty, 2 f [tender] 7 (0-0)- J(0+0)+ EGP +3) F Ger3y) Curl = 368 +) [few eas = 3+ yes ‘Where, & is the projection in xy plane, (¢ + 7 = 1) and kas = de dy = foe ey aed Let, x= reso) yorsing yf de dy=rdrdyandxe+y =r rrvaties from 0 t0 1 6 varies from 0 to 2. [feos =f [red mace af fet Foro -flele fo => [lb J tae ¥o Lox" ale i Pls J [fouit nas = 3 ) From equations (1) and @), Jrdr= ff curt Anas = Hence, Stoke’s theorem is verified. SPECTROM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS Sia GROUPO43. State Gauss @ the cane Neorem for = dxat — 3] + kover the cube x=0,x=1,y=0, y= yy] an Gauss’s dir for ir 3 ange ae ne Jonas = fav rar 5 r Where, N= Unit external normal vector. Problem Given function is, Fe act ~yJ+nF (Cube is bounded byx=0,x=1,y=0,y=1,2=0,221 By Gauss divergence theorem, Sf Fnac ff va» > 5 Calculating the value of ‘the cube, 2s shown in figure, z [f Fnds over the six faces of ® LS Fite | fest -Prenb.toa “Jawa =} faase “fale =f $00 “Js $b . t (er=t] ivergence theorem plane and For the face HFEG,| a=-T,, Ww of fen | (axzT — 7° 7+ 29%). Thay, ea’ = dxady dz “He A@)Ody de [ree ii) For the fae HFC, ai=j,y=l wf frie f fast — Faire eee” oo =-1(1-0)=-1 (iv) For the face AEGD, ~Fsy=0 ab J tite § feats 405 Ja 7 / / Pads de . J /} (0)?dede Pere tie 4h, AaB yz ub) 0-H est ys Hcl . -f fowe : ffvara (val “Hele. bfw- ode [eye w “t Nae Liat =H 4M COVER bea iUNIT=1 Vector Calculus nae 141 (vd) Porthe tice @ 4 f Jost} fvat _P Jee Botely ation’ -fJe -Oyyatedy 0 é (2" 0) = ffrsin J [J ria df tie ip fran Apu Lf, frat ‘Substituting the, eset values in fe equation, J Raids 240461) +04 4400 Rds } ~W cote (forme ] } Jeaeterizabm = “flea Ret Ty + Wey) det +98 dr -} i fl Rew) For+ Feen)eedyae l]nen J {oon fare =f fies Pha off esa) 6200) —0y deat «| {or-nae is {hat [a = Huey) )-ev)-(9°)-2)}« -ft4)s)-9 -hae-¥ tebe doo} [iforw} ~@) specRan TR —— OT enoMATHEMATICS“ IIL [JNTU-KAKIN, From equations (1) and (2), ‘i Sf Faas fff ViFav= 3 He Hence, Gauss divergence theorem is verified. 2 Q44. Verify divergence theorem for F=(x?-yz)T +(y?—28)] *@ Parallelopiped 0 i 7 ay I (6) Adding equations (1), (2), (3), (4), a ‘and (6), BE) BE fae 22]. 22 fase = abe + abie+ abe? = abcla+b+e) = [fv.ra= ff rias-abe@+o+e ? cs Hence, the Gauss divergence theorem is verified. 45. Usethe divergence theorem toovaluate {{F.nds where F= 4x1 ~2y"} + 2K and Sis the surfa : the region x*+ y= 4, z= 0 andz=3. Answer oD = we Zant Pew FO =4—4y +22 [v8 dv= fff a—4y+22) de dy de a) i 7 Sia GROUP SPECTRUM ALIR-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS146 © The surface *S* bounding the region. Fy>=4,2= 2=0 Limits Fory=0.2+y?=4 = Be4 = xes2 x varies from ~ 2.10 2. Substituting the corresponding values in equation (1), f Paden J ica[ foe] de dy re Look for the SIA GROUP Loco “dee AN 2 MATHEMATICS-IIt [JNTU-KAKIN, Dand'z = 3 is shown in figure belovs 223 wryed on the ; TITLE COVER before yoursuy es aannnsstGSSDEEEET SS EARUROMEUE EE heemeeUNIT-1 Vector Calculus Nw [22 ss" a a =a fy 1.47 ay =A2X2 jer de : Jew} 4 oy " wih = 84 [(0 +2 sin (1))- (+0) = 84% 2 sin (1) 5 =84x2x— 2 [ends =n Q46. Verify divergence theorem for F = x?T +z] + yzK taken over the cube bounded by .x = 0, x= 1, y=0, y=1,2=0,z=1. Answer : Model Paper-4, 021) Given function is, FexT +2] +2 Cube is bounded by x=0,x=1,y=0,y=1,2=0,2=1 >X From Gauss divergence theorem, [Faas = fff vFav 5 7 2452,78lte oe Consider, vr -[iduige 2) rede] =2rty SPECTRUM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS SIA GROUPs Ife Pav = Lid Qe ty) dedy de = foe fi fecoseo \ = fa J teste +ylel iy 14 Jae fvtyay 4 f [aos Lo%t]e - Led} = 20 Tho plane wets 2 vie [[fFav-3 i} Consider, f Rids= [tT +3 + yek\ nas ! 5 i = JUPF+ 5+ yk Laas. wt [OPT + ye gas 5 * > Fids = [ rads + f Pads, + fridss+ f rj 5 7 fron ris fra frs Jame ras fr Where, Sj Sy. uu. Safe the six faces of the cube for $ © — fFaas, 4 S(PDBC) whichis parallel to ye-plane, is equation is, ¢= 1, i= Tana gg i = dy de 7 o. frias = J J raya 5 sor “ a =f fori a+yRiaas Qin ssoyr0 -f J vow s0ys0 SIA GROUP Loco” Look for theUNIT-1 Vecior Calculus xs aad wf Fads: For S,(ODCB) which is in the xz-plane, its equation is, y= 0, fi ‘| J and dS, = de de a f Fads, = f J @inasas 2 iy =f forteg+yRe Daca aa \ ~ Lome ole sLe a f & For the surface S,(ODBC) which is in yz-plane, an a frids= J J rida 7 Fojs0 af fe T+ J+ yek) CT) dy de 0 y20 \ “Sse 250 yt wy) f Faas, u 5, (OCD'B) which isin the xy-plane 2 = 0, and i =F, dS, = de dy. sf Fidss = I J (Fi) dy a Jono f f (27+ H+ y2k)\Bde dy proto Lt Tf secxayao [vz=0) y=0200 w fFias, 8, 8, PBYCD's parle to x-plane Its equation is y= 1, #1 7a (2 T+ J+ y:B) Ode de dd - j J ded = J rdeed ose Spee ee Sia GROUP 25 SPECTROM AljjFONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTSHN [JNTU-KAK MATHEMATICS-! S,(PCDB) which is parallel to xy-plane,z= 1, i= FE and dS,= de dy 2 f Pads, = J f Foi day & Soyo - f fergunmas Hoyo 1 1 fries = ra Diha=t Substituting the corresponding values in equation (2), Jf eaas =1- I Pads = 3 From equations (1) and (3). frsas = [fv rav-3 Hence divergence theorem is verified. Q47. Verify divergence theorem for the function F= yi+x] +z?K taken over the cylindrical region by x? +y?=9,2=0 andz=2. Answer + 1 13 Fr0+04+h= z 2 Given function is, Fe pT+g+2k ‘The cylindrical region is bounded by, #4 y=9,2=0and2=2 From Gauss’s divergence theorem, J J FAds= Sf freUNIT-1 Vector, Calculus AM 1.51 wee At “4 JotZaa : x = a[(o-F +o—e \a i a j 3 = 4favo-2? ae 3 3 = 8)? ag a naff Sein (BP [+ [Ve Pa glee + Soin] =8 [3 6-54 2sin)42. 82 Sao] i 9-9 + sin +509 9 +5 sin “EF [Jo Fe" -360 =) Verification Sf Pie Lf rss J Pans ff ra, ' (2) 3>ECTRUM ALCDFONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS sia eRour 261.82 : . den ipteises <.! MATHEMATICS-IIL TINTUSK : . < ‘ _ Bees Mere, 2905 =F Fm Tey Sf Fitts» ffotspaBaneo, (0, WTR-TE =O x > Lrsiy~o. Surtace 4, en Here, 2=2) = FO Fu yi tp +4 ff Frias. = Sf (T4748 ).Bdsy 3 Eanes Po ee a7) Fis, = 36m Surface 5, Here, 2 +y2=9 Avector perpendicular o surfise s*+y*=918Ve= 7 B+ 7 26-267 +2y7 : QP HOF 2h +7. = ao aT" aaa Tee T+ +9: ee ~ El a [f Fids,= [for +7 +2h ELD 4, x a -SIF-F)a- Hoa -of Josneenoe &e 0:00 - of ommra a . femme 040 = foe es o Ee =i 32) Hom ag ge8 the corresponding valuts in equation (2), ff Fias=0+36n-+0 Jf Fads=365 : . Front equations (1) and (3), & . Jf Fids = [ff v.rév = 360 ‘Hence Gauss’s divergence theorem is verified. joss 1 Sis any closed surface enclosing a volume V and F= axT+ by J+ czK, prove that [Fida=(a+b+c) Vv. wer t Given function is, ; — Fs axT + by + c2F From Gauss divergence theorem, rads = [vray . é = f div.rav 7 The divergence of F is given as, : dvF= 2+ 2 R42 iv F= Sot SAE Substituting equation (1) in equation (3), ao a a FOO ‘ div F= 29+ satbte divF =atbte ‘Substituting equation (4) in equation (2), i, J Pias = ferbroar A , =(atb+e) fav=(arb+aM : [Fias =(a+b+oV Q49, For any closed surface S, prove that [[x(y—2)l+y(z—x]+2(x-yiR.nds =0 Answer + : Given integral is, f [x2 T+y@ 97+ 26 - )F]nds=0 3 Here, _ S B= x(y—27 + y@-27 +20 - YE From Gauss divergence theorem, eee Jf rids= f div Fav : ;MATHEMATICS-IIl [JNTU. > Jls0-274 yen +26¢-y Fld = fem : = fate aitye- -y)z)av \ = [20-90% 2 —nyt 92) fi a “flee xy t2@- YE ldv - wateortan sa finn foo- DT + y= te Fee = o ! : __ Answer : Given integral is, Af save + ytzd+ sdedy Radius of sphere is, r=a From Gauss divergence theorem, J rias= [9nd fr e . [fries rete day = {ff ics aa Here, F,=x,F,=yand F,=2 ar, 3ech Fe ata Bo [J sepdes yazites cdvdy Jfft+t+tas ay de = af de dy de Where, . ‘Je ee Vis the volume of the sphere, 4 Y= Za) = ffsdvdet yee caedy = 371. By transforming to triple integral evaluate | [(caydz + x¢ydzdx + ¢zdxdy) where ‘Sis the closed surface 3 consisting of the cylinder x?+ y?= a? and the circular discs z = 0 and z = b. swer Given integral is, [fc dvas+s2y dz ac+ss de dy) Equation of cylinder is, ° + y=? Equations of discs, z=0,z=6 From Cartesian form of divergence theorem, : if (@ + eae SY Fives acdes hey Here, [fed acrsvecart dey tem [frets Aero Gh =3e yn oF yt ays Shae ar wre Awe a a = GEE eda 7 ylPaP eb [J Ge +8 + x) dedyele = Se dy de zea 0 | we Gato | sfacze : = 1082) fa%VaF Fae [: Jreyae=2f reas sea) seven nin} A _ ' =206 Je [Pag de 7 iM ALL-IN-ONE JOURNAL FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS: . Sia GROUP ZSLet, x=asin® = de=acos0.d0 ‘When, x= 0=9 0-0 (Lower limit) x=a=>0— F (Upper limit) Jf (Pade +s ydzde + zdeay) = 200 f esintoaT=aFaRF6 2c080 =206 fewcose = sin? 6) .acos 8d o=0 =206 f esnto ‘cos6 .acos6d0 070 =20b frvitoceoroa o*0 =20atb f st0cncoan é Multiplying and dividing equation 2) by 4", If Payde +32 ydete+ Padedy) = 5 a'ofasi 8c0s8)? 00 7 Q = 5a*b} (sin 2098-506} sn? 2640 ° Look for the SIA GROUP LOGO