Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com CHAPTER Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 1. Gay Lussae’s law, whenever the gases combine chemically, they do so in volumes which bear a simple ratio to each other as well as to the product if gaseous, under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, 2. Gay Lussae published the result of his experiment on different gases under the name; “The Law of . Combining Volumes of Gases”. 3. Gay Lussac’s law is applicable only to gases and not to solids and liquids. 4, Atomic weight is the number which represents how many times one atom of a substance is heavier than 1/12" the mass of an atom of Carbon 12. 5. Molecular weight is the number which represents how many times one molecule of a substance is heavier than 1/12 the mass of an atom of Carbon ~12. 6. Molecular weight expressed in grams is called gram molecular weight. 7. Avogadro's Law : According to Avogadro, under the similar conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules. 8. The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at S.T\P. (Standard Temperature and Pressure) is called molar volume. It is equal to 22.4 dm or 22.4 litres. 9. The gram molecular weight of all gases at S.T:P. contains molecules equal to Avogadro's number which is 6.023 x 10° and it occupies a volume equal to molar volume which is 22.4 dm® or 22.4 litres. Weight in grams of the substance(W) ‘Molecular weight of the substance(M) 10. Number of moles = i. Number of molecules = No. of moles x Avogadro's number 12. The relationship between mole, gram molecular weight, molar volume, and number of molecules can be summarized as follows : S.No. | Name of the Mole Gram ‘Number of | Molar Volume Gas Molecular Weight | Molecules @ O, mole 82g 6.02310 22.4 litres (2) N, 1mole Bg 6.023x10 22.4 litres (3) H, 1mole 2g 6.02310" 22.4 litres ) co, 1 mole 44g 6.02310 22.4 litres 13, Atomicity is the number of atoms present in one molecule of an element. 14, Metals are monoatomie, i.e., containing one atom in its molecule. 88° Tagechon witk® Chemistry (ICSE)-X Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com16. 17. 19. 21. 22, ‘25. 26. 28. 29, 30. * 31. 32. Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com . Inert gases are monoatomic. Gases like Hydrogen (H,), Oxygen (O,), Nitrogen (N,) are diatomic, i., containing two atoms in its molecule. ‘The elements containing more than two atoms in its molecule are called as polyatomic. Example- Ozone =O, Phosphorus ee; Sulphur ee Vapour density is the ratio between the mass of certain volume of gas or vapour to the mass of same volume of hydrogen under the similar conditions of temperature and pressure. Mass of certain volume of gas or vapour Vi : ‘apour density = Tyas of same volume of Hydrogen Vapour density is a ratio, so it has no units. ‘Molecular weight = 2 x Vapour density ‘The percentage composition of a compound is defined as the percentage by weight of each element present in the molecule of a compound. ‘Weight of an element in a molecule of a compound , 19 Percents i = ercentage composition of a compound mooleculer weight of eon Empirical formula is the formula of a chemical substance which tells the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of different elements present in its one molecule. . Molecular formula is the formula of a chemical substance which represents the actual number of atoms of each element present in its single molecule. |. Ina chemical equation, reactants are written on the left side of the arrow and products are written on the right side of the arrow. Reactants ——> Products For the caleulation of the numericals based on equation, the equation must be completely balanced. ‘The molecular weights of the products and reactants must be calculated which are required for solving the numerical. Unitary Method is used to find the weight of product or reactant as pr the requirement ofthe problem. In case of gases, the volume required is 22.4 dm’ for every mole of a gas. Mase of one atom of an element Relative Atomic Mass = 777>¢h of mass of an atom of carbon-12 Relative atomic mass can also be defined with respect to hydrogen. It is the number that represents, how many times one atom of an element is heavier than one atom of hydrogen, whose weight has been taken as unity. ( oe ‘Mass of one atom of an element } ___ Mass of one atom of an element __ ‘Mass of one atom of hydrogen (weight taken as unity) ‘Therelative atomic mass of an element expressed in grams is called gram atomic mass or gram atom, Mase of one molecule of a substance ive Molect __ Mass of one molecule of a substance Relative Molecular Mass = “Vass of 1/12 th of an atom of C-12 Mole Concept and Stoichiometry "89 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com 88. Relative molecular mass can also be defined with respect to hydrogen. It is the number that represents how many times one molecule of a substance is heavier than one atom of hydrogen whose weight is taken as unity. 34. The relative molecular mass expressed in grams is called as gram molecular weight or gram molecular mass or gram molecule. PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS 2012 Ql. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: The vapour density of carbon dioxide {C= 12,0 = 16] (a) 32 (6)16 = (ce) 44 (d) 22 i] Ans. (d) 22 Q2. Concentrated nitric acid oxidises phosphorus to phosphoric acid according to the following equation : P + 5HNO, (conc.) —> H,PO, + H,0 + 5NO, If 93 g of phosphorus was used in the reaction, calculate : (@ Number of moles of phosphorus taken. a (ii) The mass of phosphoric acid formed. 2) (iii) The volume of nitrogen dioxide produced at STP. (H=1,N=14,P=31,0=16] (2) (@® The number of moles of phosphorous =. 1 98 g of Ans. (i) 31 gram of phosphorous phosphoric acid. 93 g of phosphorous = x98 =294¢| 1 (iii) 31 gram of phosphorous = 5 x 22.4 dm’ of NO, 5x22.4x93 31 = 33.6 dm’. Q3. (i) 67.2 litres of hydrogen combines with 44.8 litres of nitrogen to form ammonia under specific conditions as: N,(g)+3H,(g) —> 2NH,(g) Calculate the volume of ammonia produced. What is the other substance, if any, that remains in the resultant mixture ? 2] 93 g of phosphorous = 90° Zagethen ite Chemistry (ICSE}-X | The mass of 5.6 dm’ of a certain gas at STP is 12.0 g. Calculate the relative molecular mass of the gas. 2) Find the total percentage of Magnesium in magnesium nitrate crystals, Mg(NO,),.6H,0. [Mg = 24; N= 14; 0 = 16 and H= 1) 2) (ii) (ii) Ans. (i) Volume of Ammonia = 44.8 litres Unused nitrogen = 2244 litres 5.6 dm’ of certain gas has mass = 12 g at STP (ii) 22.4x12 5.6 =48 amu. 22.4 dm’ of certain gas has mass = 24%100 256 (iii) % composition = = 9.375% 2011 Ql. Calculate the volume of 320 g of SO, at STP (Atomic mass : S = 32, O = 16). (1) ‘Ams. Number of moles of sulphur dioxide = 220 =5 moles Volume of SO, = 5 x 22.4 = 112.0 dm’ Q2. State Gay-Lussac’s law of combining volumes. (2) Ans. Whenever gases combine chemically they do so in volumes which bears a simple whole number ratio to each other as well as to the product, if gaseous, provided the conditions of temperature and pressure remains constant. Calculate the volume of oxygen required for the complete combustion of 8.8 g of propane (C,H,) (Atomic mass : H = 1, C= 12, 0 = 16). Qs. 2) Ans.C,H, + 50, —> 3CO, + 4H,0 50 g of C,H, requires 5 x 22.4 dm' of ,. 8.8 g0fC,H, requires *224 x8. =19.712dm* Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Q4. An organic compound with Vapour density ; 10x60 of 94 contains C = 12.67% H = 2.13% and | Ans, (i) —,"5~ = 6litre of propane Br = 85.11%. Find the molecular formula. (3] Ans. . 10x40 = 4 litre of Element | % | Atomic | Relative | Simple Ok cenee oe mass number | ratio Propane sa of ae 7 1 volume of a = 3 volumes of CO, H | 213] 1 2.13 2 = 3x6 = 181i ioe. toe | 6 litre of propane = 76 = 18 litre of CO, Empirical formula = OH,Br 2 volume of butane = 8 volumes of CO, Beapiee) erm ee ee Slitre of butane = 8x4 = 16 litre of CO, x Vapour density i 2 i x94 = 188, ‘Total volume of CO, = 18 + 16 = 34 litre Molecular weight . 28 ——————_— = —x100 = Empirical formula weight NS coe a _ 188 sot = 3100 = 60% o Q2. 4.5 moles of calcium carbonate are i =2 reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid. Molecular formula = C,H,Br, : ; ; Q5. Calculate the mass of (i) Write the equation for the reaction. (i) 10® atoms of sulphur. (ii) What is the mass of 4.5 moles of (ii) 0.1 mole of carbon dioxide. (2) calcium carbonate ? (Relative [Atomic mass : S = 32, C = 12 and D = 16 and ‘Avogadro's Number = 6 x 10°) Ans. (i) 6x 10” atoms weigh = 32g x10 0.53 g. A 32 10® atoms weighs = = 9m (ii) 1 mole weighs = 44 g 0.1 mole weigh =44x0.1=44g 2010. Ql. (i) LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas. Varieties of LPG are marketed including a mixture of propane (60%) and butane (40%). If 10 litre of this mixture is burnt, find the total volume of carbon dioxide gas added to the atmosphere. Combustion reactions can be represented as: CyH, (@) + 50, (g) + 3CO, (g) + 4H,0 (@) 4 2C Ho (g)+ 130, (¢) + 8CO, (g) + 10,0 ©) (ii)Caleulate the percentage of nitrogen and oxygen in ammonium nitrate. [Relative molecular mass of ammonium nitrate is 80, H = 1, N = 14, O= 16). (5) molecular mass of calcium carbonate is 100). (iii) What is the volume of carbon dioxide liberated at STP ? (iv) What mass of calcium chloride is formed ? (Relative molecular mass of * calcium chloride is 111) (v) How many moles of HCI are used in this reaction ? (5) Ans.(i) CaCO, + 2HC|—> CaCl, + H,0 + CO, i = (ions = wenxm => w = 4.5 x 100 = 450 g. (iii) 1 mole of CaCO, = 22.4 litres of CO, 224 4.5 moles of CaCO, = =~ *4.5 = 100.8 litres of CO, Or 100 g of CaCO, = 22.4 litres of CO, 22.4 450 g of CaCO, = Fx 450 , = 100.8 litres of CO, Mole Concept and Stoichiometry |91 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com (iv) 1 mole of CaCO, = 111 g of CaCl, 111 4.5 moles of CaCO, = -*45 = 499.5 g of CaCl, or 100 gof CaCO, 111 g of CaCl, 31 450 100 = 499.50 g of CaCl, (v) 1 mole of CaCO, = 2 moles of HCl 450 g of CaCO, 2 4.5 moles of CaCO,= 7% 4.5 =9 moles of HCI 2009 Ql. Select the correct answer from the choices A,B, Cand D which are given: Agas cylinder of capacity of 20 dm’ is filled with gas‘X’ the mass of which is 10g. When the same cylinder is filled with hydrogen gas at the same temperature and pressure the mass of the hydrogen is 2 g, hence the relative molecular mass of the gas is [1] (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20 Ans. B Q2. (i) Calcium carbide is used for the artificial ripening of fruits. Actually the fruit ripens because of the heat evolved while calcium carbide reacts with moisture. During this reaction calcium hydroxide and acetylene gas is formed. 1f200 cm’ of acetylene is formed from a certain mass of calcium carbide, find the volume of oxygen required and carbon dioxide formed during the complete combustion. The combustion reaction can be represented as below : 2C,H, (g) + 50, (g) — 4CO, (g) + 2H,0 (@) (ii) A gaseous compound of nitrogen and hydrogen contains 12.5% hydrogen by mass. Find the empirical formula of the compound [N= 14, H= 1]. (5) ‘Ans.(i) 2C,H,(g) + 50,g) —> 4CO,(g) + 2H, 0) 2vol. of C,H, =5 vol. of O, 9%, Together witk® Chemistry (ICSE)-X 200 em! of C,H, = 3 x 200 = 500 em? of O, 2vol. of C,H, = 4 vol. of CO, 200 cm of C, 3% 200= 400 em? of CO, (ii)[Element ]% Atomic Relative no.| Simple weight | of atoms ratio Nitrogen | 87.5} 14 6.25 1 Hydrogen] 12.5 1 12.5 2 Empirical formula= NH, Q3. Correct the statement. Equal masses of all gases under identical conditions contain the same number of molecules. a) Ans, Equal volumes of all gases under identical conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. Q4. (i) A gas cylinder contains 24 x 10% molecules of nitrogen gas. If Avogadro's number is 6 x 10 and the relative atomic mass of nitrogen is 14, calculate : (1) Mass of nitrogen gas in the cylinder. (2) Volume of nitrogen at STP in dm‘, (i) Commercial sodium hydroxide weighing 30g has some sodium chloride in it. The mixture on dissolving in water and subsequent treatment with excess silver nitrate solution formed a precipitate weighing 14.3g. What is the percentage of sodium chloride in the commercial sample of sodium hydroxide? The equation for the reaction is, NaCl + AgNO, —» AgCl + NaNO, {Relative molecular mass of NaCl = 58; AgCl = 143) (iii) A certain gas X occupies a volume of 100 cm* at STP and weighs 0.5 g. Find its relative molecular mass. (6 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Ans. (i) (1) AtSTP,N,, 28g = 1 mole = 22.4 dm* = 6 x10" molecules Molecules Weight 6x10% = 28g 24 x 10% 28 x24x10% 6x10" = 11208 Molecules Volume (2) 6x 10% = == 22.4dm® 22.4 4 24x 10° 24x10" me Gx ag7 * 74 = 896 dm* (ii) NaCl + AgNO, —> AgCl + NaNO, 148 g of AgCl 58 g of NaCl asgofAgcl = 8x14. gofNaCl = 5.8 g of NaCl 58 % of NaCl = 2 2193% of Nal 30 * 100 (iii) Volume Weight 100 cm* = 05g zes0em = = 25 x 2400 100 =liamu Q5. Define the term : Mole ib) ‘Ans. Mole is the amount of substance which contains as many particles as there are in 12.000 g of carbon - 12. 2008 Ql. (a)A compound has the following percentage composition by mass: Carbon 14.4%, Hydrogen 1.2% and Chlorine 84.5%. Determine the empirical formula of this compound. Work correct to 1 decimal place (H = 1, C #12, Cl =35.5). (3) (b) The relative molecular mass of thi compound is 168, so what is its molecular formula ? (2) Ans. (a) Element | % At. wt. [Relative number Simplest of atoms ratio c 144 12 12 1 H 12 1 12 1 cl 845 35.5, 2.38=2.4 2 Empirical formula = CHCl. (b) Empirical formula weight = 12 + 1 +71 = 84 n = ——Molecular weight __ 168 Empirical formula weight 84 Molecular formula = (CHCI,), = (CHC1,),=C)H,Cly Q2. From the equation: C + 2H,SO,—> CO, + 2H,0 + 250, Calculate () the mass of carbon oxidized by 49 g of sulphuric acid. (C = 12, relative ‘molecular mass of sulphuric acid = 98) (ii) The volume of sulphur dioxide measured at S.T.P., liberated at the same time. (Volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at S.T.P. is 22.4 dm*), (4) i) C-+2H,S0,—> CO, + 2H,0 + 280, 12 g of carbon oxidized by 2 x 98 g of sulphuric acid 12g of carbon oxidized by 1 ¢ of 2x98 sulphuric acid 1249 ¢ of carbon oxidized by 49g of 2x98 sulphuric acid. 3 g of carbon oxidized by 49 g of sulphuric acid. 2.x 98 g of H,SO, = 2 x 22.4 dm’ of SO, 2x 22.4 49 g of H,SO, = —* => x49 = 11.2dm*of SO,. Select the correct answer from the choices A,B,C, D which are given The gas law which relates the volume of a gas to the number of molecules of the gas is ‘A: Avogadro's law B: Gay Lussac’s law C: Boyle's law D:Charles’law (1) Ans. A Q4. The equation for the burning of octane is 2C,H,, + 250, —> 16CO, + 18H,0 (@ How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced when one mole of octane burns? w Qs. Mole Concept and Stoichiometry [93 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com (ii) What volume, at S.1.P,, is occupied by the number of moles determined in (i) ? (ii) If the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide is 44, what is the mass of carbon dioxide produced by burning two moles of octane? (iv) What is the empirical formula of octane? 8 Ans. (i) 2 moles of CgHyg=16 moles of CO, 16 1 mole of C,Hyg='p x 1 = 8 moles of CO, (ii) Volume at S.T.P. = Number of moles x Molar volume = 8x 22.4dm* = 179.2dm’ (iii) 44 x 16 = 704 g. (iv) CH, 2007 Ql. A sample of ammonium nitrate when heated yields 8.96 litres of steam (measured at S.T.P.) NH,NO,—> N,0 + 2H,0 (i) What volume of dinitrogen oxide is produced at the same time as 8.96 litres of steam? (ii) What mass of ammonium nitrate should be heated to produce 8.96 litres of steam ? (Relative molecular mass of ammonium nitrate is 80) (iii) Determine the percentage of oxygen in ammonium nitrate. (0 = 16) (5) () NH,NO,— N,0 + 2H,0. 2vol. of steam ==1 vol. of NO (According to the equation) 8,96 litres ofsteam m=z x8.96~ 448litres of N,0 (i) 2 22.4 litres of steam = 80 g of NH,NO,. 8.96 litres of steam = x8.96 80 2x224 = 16 g of NH,NO, aah 48 (iii) InNH.NOy, % of oxygen = 55 *100 = 60% Q2. Acompound ® consists of 4.8% carbon and 95.2% bromine by mass. 94° Fagethen with® Chemistry (ICSE)}-X @ Determine the empirical formula of this compound working correct to one decimal place. (C = 12, Br = 80) (ii) If the vapour density of the compound is 252, what is the molecular formula of the compound ? (iii) Name the type of chemical reaction by which X’ can be prepared from ethane. (5) Ans.(i) Element | % | At.wt. | Relative | Simplest| number | ratio of atoms c 48{ 12 4 1 Br 952| 80 119 Empirical formula = CBry. (ii) Empirical formula weight = 12 +3 x 80 = 124240 = 252amu Relative molecular mass = 2x vapour density = 2x 252 = 504 amu Molecular weight, Empirical formula weight a 52 Molecular formula = (CBr,), = (CBr,) (iii) Substitution reaction.” 2006 Ql. Determine the empirical formula of a compound containing 47.9% Potassium, 5.5% Beryllium and 46.6% Flourine by mass. (Atomic weight, Be =9, F = 19, K =39). C,Br, (3) Ans. Blement | % | At.ut. | Relative no. | Simplest of atoms ratio K [479] 39 12 2 Be |55 | 9 06 1 Fr 46.6 19 24 4 Empirical formula - K,BeF ,. Q2. Given that the relative molecular mass of copper oxide is 80, what volume of ammonia (measured at S.T-P.) is required Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com to completely reduce 120g of copper oxide? The equation for the reaction is 3CuO + 2NH,—> 3Cu +N, +3H,0 (Volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at S.LP. is 22.4 litres) (2) ns. 3CuO + 2NH, > 3Cu + N, + 3H,O 3 x 80 g of copper oxide + 2 x 22.4 dm’ of NH, 2« 22.4 3x60 Calculate the percentage of Sodium in Sodium aluminium flouride (Na,AIF,) correct to the nearest whole number x 120 =22.4dm> 120 g of copper oxide 23. (F = 19, Na = 23, Al = 27). (2) ns. Molar mass of Na, AIF, = 3x 23+ 1x 27 +6 19 =210amu. % of Na = © x 100= 32.8% = 33% 210 24. 560 ml of Carbon monoxide is mixed with > 500 ml of oxygen and ignited. The chemical equation for the reaction is as follows: 2CO +0,—> 2C0, Calculate the volume of oxygen used and carbon dioxide formed in the above reaction. (2) ns. 2C0 + 0, —> 2CO, gor t1 exit aarg 560 ml 280ml 560. ml ‘Volume of oxygen used = 280 ml Volume of CO, formed = 560 ml Q5. (a) Calculate number of moles and number of molecules present in 1.4 g of Ethylene gas. What is the volume oceupied by the same amount of Ethylene ? (6) What is the vapour density of Ethylene? (Avogadro's number = 6 x 10”, Atomic weight H = 1, C= 12, Molar volume = 22.4 litres at S.T.P.) [4] \ns. (a) Molar mass of C,H, = 2x 12+4«1 7 = 2444228 amu. 14 = Number of moles = == = 0.05 28 Number of molecules = Number of moles x Avogadro's number = 0.05 x 6 x 10 = 3 x 10” molecules Volume occupied Number of moles x Molar volume 0.05 x 22.4 = 1.12 litres () Vapour density = SetecuTae wee 28 ears 14. 2005 Q1. The volumes of gases A, B,C and D are in the ratio 1: 2:2: 4 under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. (@ Which sample of gas contains maximum number of molecules ? (ii) Ifthe temperature and the pressure of gas‘A’ are kept constant, then what will happen to the volume of ‘A’ when the number of molecules is doubled ? (ii) If this ratio of gas volumes refers to the reactants and products of a reaction which gas law is being observed ? (iv) Ifthe volume of A is actually 5.6 dm’ at S.T.P., calculate the number of molecules in the actual volume of D at S.T.P. (Avogadro's number 6 x 10”) (v) Using your answer from (iv) state the mass of D if the gasis dinitrogen oxide (N,0). (N = 14, O = 16). (51 Ans. (i) Sample ‘D’ contains maximum number of molecules. (ii) If the number of molecules of ‘A’ is doubled then the volume gets doubled. (iii) Gay Lussae’s Law. (iv) If the volume of A is 5.6 dm* ‘The volume of D = 4 x 5.6 = 22.4 dm* 22.4 dm' of gas at S.T.P. contains 6 x 10 molecules 22.4 dm of gas D will contain 6x10" 22.4 (v) Gram molecular mass of N,O = 28 + 16 = 44. - 6x 10” molecules are present in 44 gofN,O ~ x 22.4 = 6 x 10” molecules. x6x 10" = 44g. Q2. Calculate the percentage of Nitrogen in Aluminium nitride (N = 14, Al=27). [2] 6 x 10” molecules of D = Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 95 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Ans. Al N 27 +14=41 % of Nitrogen = Hao = 34,146% ‘The equations given below relate to the manufacture of Sodium carbonate (molecular weight = 106) 1, NaCl+NH, + CO,+H,0— NaliCO, + NH,CL 2. 2NaHCO,——+ Na,CO, + H,0 + CO, Questions (a) and (b) are based on the production of 21.2 g of Sodium carbonate. (@)What mass of Sodium hydrogen carbonate must be heated to give 21.2 g of sodium carbonate (molecular weight of NaHCO, = 84)? a (b)To produce the mass of Sodium hydrogen carbonate calculated in (a) {IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Qs. Question based on formula -1 Mass of 1 mole of compound = Molecular weight of the compound (Unit-grams) Ql. What is the mass in grams of 1 mole of (i) Hydrogen gas Hy, (ii) Ammonia gas NH, (iii) Sulphuric acid H,SO, (iv) Calciumecarbonate CaCO, (v) Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH), Ans. (i) 2g Gi) 17g Gi) 98 g (iv) 100g (v) 58g ‘Question based on formula - IT ‘Mass of'n’ moles of molecules of a compound =nx molecular weight of the compound. Q2. What is the mass in grams of (@® 2 moles of water? (ii) 0.25 mole of Calcium carbonate? (iii) 0.5 mole of Nitric acid? (iv) 8 moles of Sodium hydroxide ? (0) 10 moles of Glucose ? Ans. (i) 36g (i) 2g iv) 120g (v) 1800 g (ii) 31.5 ¢ 7796) Together with? Chemistry (ICSE)}-X Formula Based Questions what volume of carbon dioxide, measured at S.T-P. would be required ? (3) ‘Ans. (a) 2NaHCO, —> Na,CO, + H,0 + CO, 106 g of Na,CO, — 2 x 84 g of NaHCO, 2x84 Tog EE = 33.6 g of NaHCO, (6) NaCl +NH, +H,0+C0,— + NaHCO, +NH,Cl 84 g of NaHCO, —> 22.4 dm? 224 = x 84 21.2 g0fNa,CO,—> 336=896dm'. Q4. Define atomic weight. a ‘Ans, It is defined as the mass of one atom of an element on the scale on which C- 12 isotope of carbon weighs 12.000 units. 336g of NaHCO,—> Question based on formula - IIT Number of moles of a compound ____Mass in grams of the compound Molecular weight of the compound Q8. What is the number of moles in (® 1000 grams of Caleium carbonate ? (ii) 12.8 grams of Methane? (ii) 11 grams of Carbon dioxide? (iv) 3.55 grams of Chlorine ? (v) 270 grams of Water ? 10 i) 08 (iv) 0.05 () 15 Question based on formula - IV ‘Number of molecules of a compound. ____Mass in grams of the compound 7 * Molecular weight of the compound * °°? nae or = Number of moles of a compound x Avogadro's number (6.023 x 109) Q4. What is the number of molecules in (i) 10 grams of Calcium carbonate? (ii) 8.6 grams of Water? Ans. (iii) 0.25 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com (iii) 19.6 grams of Phosphoric acid ? (iv) 200 grams of Sodium hydroxide? (v) 1.5 grams of Ethane gas? ns. For the convenience in calculation the ‘Avogadro's number may be taken as 6 x 10%, (i) 6 x 107 (ii) 1.2.x 10 (iii) 1.2 « 10% (iv) 3 x 10% (v) 3x 10” Question based on formula - V Mass in grams of the compound Number of molecules eee oig v 10 * Molecular weight Q5. What is the mass in grams of the compounds in (i) 42161 x 10 molecules of Carbonic acid? (ii) 6.023 x 10% molecules of Hydrogen peroxide ? (iii) 1.2046 x 10"! molecules of Calcium carbonate? (iv) 8.0115 x 10” molecules of Nitrogen dioxide? (v) 4.8184 x 10% molecules of Acetic acid ? Ans. (i) 434g (ii) 348 (ii) 02g (iv) 23g (v) 48¢ Question based on formula - VI Volume in litres of 1 mole of any . 99.4 litres gaseous compound at S.T.P. (Q6. What is the volume in 1 mole of Carbon monoxide gas? Nitrogen gas? Sulphur dioxide gas? (iv) Propane gas? (v) Carbon dioxide gas? Ans. (i) 224 litres (ii) 224 litres (ii) 22.4 litres (iv) 22.4 litres (v) 224 lit eee of _ Number of moles of the n° moles of a g3s00u3 ee a oa compound at STP. Q7. What is the volume at S.T.P. (i) in millilitres of 0.01 mole of Hexane gas Question based on formula - VII (ii) in litres of 5 moles of Butane gas [C,H,9)? (ii) in millilitres of 0.2 mole of Benzene gas [CH]? Ans. (i) 224 ml (iii) 4480 ml Question based on formula - VIII Number of moles (in a given volume in litres) of (ii) 112 litres compound at S.T.P. Q8. What is the number of moles in (i) 22.4 litres of Ammonia gas at S.T.P.? (ii) 44.8 litres of Carbon dioxide at S. (iii) 2.24 litres of Nitrous oxide at S.T.P.? (iv) 0.224 litres of Sulphur dioxide at S.T.P.? Ans. (i) 1 (i) 2 (iii) 0.1 (iv) 0.01 Question based on formula - IX ‘Number of moles (in a given volume in millilitres) litres ota = Volume in m a 2240 gaseous compound at S.T.P. Q9. What is the mass in grams of (i 224 millilitres of propane at S.T-P.? (ii) 448 millilitres of Nitric oxide at S.T-P.? Ans. (i) 0.0001 g (ii) 0.028 Question based on formula - X Mass in grams of a gaseous compound _ Volume in litres at S.T.P. Mol wt 22.4 Q10. What is the mass in grams of (i) 5.6 litres of Propane at S.T-P. ? (ii) 560 ml of Methane at S.1-P. ? Ans. (i) 1g ii) 048 Question based on formula - X] 1 Volume in litres at ST P._ _Mass in grams_ = Mass merams_ 224 ofagaseous compound — Molecular weight a Qil. What is the volume in litres (at S.1.P.) of i) 16 g of Methane gas? 0.14 g of Carbon monoxide gas? 1.8 g of Water vapour ? (ii) 0.112 litres ii Ans. (i) 224 litres ICH, 1? (iii) 2.24 litres Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 97 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Question based on formula - XII Volume in litres (at S.1-P.) of a gaseous compound = [Number of molecules], 9» ‘ 6.023 x 10” 7 Q.1 (a) Calculate the empirical formula of the compound having 37.6 % Sodium, 23.1% Silicon and 39.3% Oxygen. (Answer correct to two decimal places) (O = 16, Na =23, Si= 28) (b) The empirical formula of a compound is C,H,, It has a vapour density of 29, Determine the relative molecular mass of the compound and hence its molecular formula. Ans.(a) Element | % | At. wt.) Relative no. | Simplest of atoms ratio Sodium | 37.6] 23 |37.6+23=16/16+08=2 Silicon | 23.1] 28 08+08=1 Oxygen | 39.3] 16 24+08=3 Empirical formula = Na,SiO, () Molecular weight = 2x ‘Vapour density (V. D.) =2x29 =58 Empirical formula weight of C,H, = 24 +5 n= —Molecular weight 58 ~ Empirical formula weight ~ 29 Thus, Molecular Formula = (C)H,), = Hyp Q2. Explain why following statement is incorrect : 1 gram of any gas occupies 22.4 litres at STP, Ans. 1 mole of a gas at S.7.P. occupies 22.4 litres. Q8. Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, you collect 2 litres of Carbon dioxide, 3 litres of Chlorine, 5 litres of Hydrogen, 4 litres of Nitrogen and 1 litre of Sulphur dioxide. In which gas sample will there be (a) the greatest number of molecules ? (6) the least number of molecules ? Justify your answer. 98 “Together with® Chemistry (ICSE-X Practice Problems Q12. What is the volume (at S.T-P.) occupied by (i) 6.023 x 10* molecules of Sulphur dioxide? (ii) 12.046 x 10" molecules of Sulphur trioxide? Ans. (i) 224 litres (ii) 44.8 litres. Ans. (a) Hydrogen (®) Sulphur dioxide The justification is in accordance to Avogadro's law that under the similar condition of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules. Therefore volume of ‘Hydrogen is greater and so, it has greater number of molecules. Q4. Find the total percentage of Oxygen in Magnesium Nitrate [Mg(NO,),.6H,O] crystals. (H = 1,N=14, 0 = 16, Mg =24) Ans. Molecular weight of Mg(NO,)» .6H,0 = 244+2x (14 + 48)+6x 18 = 2442x62+ 108 = 244 124+ 108 = 256g Weight of Oxygen = 12x 16 = 192 g 192 % of Onygen = 55 %100 = 15% of Oxygen Q5. A compound contains 87.5% by mass of Nitrogen and 12.5% by mass of Hydrogen. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. Ans. Element | % | At. wt.| Relative no. | Simplest ofatoms ratio Nitrogen /87.5] 14 | 87.5+14 | 6.25+6.25 =6.25 =1 Hydrogen |12.5| 1 125+1 | 12.5+6.25 =125 =2 Empirical formula = NH, Q6. Complete the following sentence : If two gases under the same conditions have the same number of molecules, then they must____-___ ‘i Ans. Have same volume Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Q7. The following question refers to one mole of Chlorine. What is the volume occupied by this gas at S.T-P.? 22.4dm’, ‘An acid of Phosphorus has the following percentage composition : 2.47% of Hydrogen, 38.27% of Phosphorus, 59.26% of Oxygen. Find the empirical formula of this acid and its molecular formula. Given that its relative molecular mass is 162. Ans. Qs. Ans. Element | % | At. wt) Relativeno. | Simplest of atoms ratio Hydrogen| 247] 1 | 247+1=2.47 | 2.47+1.2 =2 Phos- |3827| 81 | 38.27+31=1.2 |1.2+12=1 phorus Oxygen [59.26] 16 [59.26+16=3.7|3.7:12=3 Empirical formula = H,PO, Molecular weight = 162 Empirical formula weight of H,PO, =2431+48=81 n = Molecular weight : Empirical formula weight =a? The molecular formula = (H,PO,), = H,P,0, A compound of Sodium, Sulphur and Oxygen has the following percentage compositio Na=29.11%, $=40.51%, 0=30.38%. Find its empirical formula. (O=16, Na =23, $=32) Ans. Qs. % Relative no. of atoms 29.11 +23 =12/12+12=10 40.51 +32=12|12412=10 Simplest ratio Element At. ut Sodium, Sulphur 29.11] 4051] 23 32 303s] 16 | 9088+ 16=18|18+12=15 Oxygen To convert it into whole number 1x2=2; 1x2=2; 15x2=3 Empirical formula = Na,S,03 Q10. What is the volume occupied by the following gases at S.T.P.? (a) 64 g of Oxygen. () 32 g of Sulphur dioxide. (c) 44 g of Carbon dioxide. (d) 14g of Nitrogen. (e) 8g of Hydrogen. (H=1,N= 14,0 = 16, S = 32, C = 12) Ans. (a) 32g of O, at S.T.P. occupies 22.4 dm* 64 g of 0, occupies = ee x64=44.8dm? (b) 64 g of SO, at S.T-P. occupies 22.4 dm* 32 g of SO, occupies = 24x 92 = 112dm* (©) 44g of CO, at S.T.P. occupies 22.4 dm* 224 44 = 224dm> 44 g of CO, occupies 44 (d) 28 g of N, at S.T-P. occupies 22.4 dm* 14 g of N, occupies = BAe 14=112dm? (e) 2g of H, at S.1-P. occupies 22.4 dm* 8 gof H, occupies = +x 8 = 89.6dm* Q11. How many molecules are present in (the numerical value of Avogadro's number can be used as 6 x 10”) (a) 2.2 grams of Carbon dioxide ? (b) 16 grams of Sulphur dioxide? (c) 2 grams of Oxygen? (@) 58.5 g of Sodium chloride ? (C= 12,0 = 16,Na=23,S = 32, Cl =35.5) Ans. (a) 44g 0fCO, contains 6x10” molecules at S.1-P. 6x10 2.2 g of CO, = a x22 = 3x 10 molecules () 64 gofSO, contains 6 “10 molecules at S:.P. 23 6x10 1g 16 g of SO, 64 = 15x 10 molecules (©) 32gof0, contains 6x 10 molecules at S.T.P. _ 8x10 = 2 = 3.75 x 10” molecules (d) 58.5 g of NaCl contains 6 x 10° molecules at STP. 6x10 585 2g0f 0, 58.5 g of NaCl contains = x 585 = 6x10 molecules Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 99 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Q12. How many moles are present in (a) 100 g of Calcium carbonate ? (b) 16 g of Oxygen? (©) 12 g of Carbon dioxide? (d) 28 g of Sodium? (e) 80 g of Sodium hydroxide? (H=1,C =12, 0 = 16,Na=23) Ans, (a) Number of moles tof the substance (W) -cular weight (M) Molecular weight of CaCO, = 40 + 12 +48 100 No. of moles = 755 = 1 mole (b) Molecular weight of Oxygen = 16 x 2 = 32 16 1 No. of moles = 7 705 mole (c) Molecular weight of CO, = 12+32= 44 12 No. of moles = rr 0.27 mole : 23 id) No. of moles = 33 7 1 mole (e) No. of moles = — = 2 moles 40 Q13. Calculate the percentage of the following : (a) Carbon in Ethyne (C,H,). (b) Calcium in Calcium carbonate. (c) Nitrogen in Ammonia (NH,). (d) Oxygen in water (H,O). (e) Nitrogen in Urea {(NH,),CO}. Ans, (a) Molecular weight of Ethyne (C,H,) =2x1241x2 =24+2= 26 % of Carbon = 3g *100= 92. 30% (b) Molecular weight of Calcium carbonate (CaCO,) = 40+ 12+ 48 = 100 % of Calcium = 42 x100 = 40% ~ 100 (c) Molecular weight of Ammonia (NH,) =1443=17 % of Nitrogen = i x100= 82.35% 100 Together wih Chemistry (ICSE-X (d) Molecular weight of Water (H,O) =2+ 16=18 % of Oxygen Bao 88.88% (e) Molecular weight of Urea ((NH,),CO) =284+4+12416 =60 4 of Nitrogen = 22100 = 46.65% Q14. Galena, when roasted, reacts according to the following equation : 2PbS + 0, —> 2PbO + SO, Calculate (a) the weight of PbO formed when 478 g of PbS is roasted . (b) the weight of PbS required to produce | 5.6 litres of SO, at S.T.P. (c) the number of moles of Oxygen required at the same time. (Pb = 207, O = 16, S = 32) Ans, 2PbS + 30, — 2Pb0 + 280, (a) Molecular weight of PbS = 207 +32 =2x 239 Molecular weight of PbO = 207 + 16 = 2x 223 2x 239 gof PbS =2x223gofPbO 478 gof PbS = ee = 446 g of PbO (b) 2 x 22.4 dm’ of SO, is produced by 2x 239 g of PbS 2x 239 2x224 = 59.15 (¢) 2 x 239 g of PbS requires 3 moles of O, xA78 5.6 dm' of SO, is produced by x56 478 g of PbS requires 5-555 %478 = 3 moles Q15. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound having following percentage composition : N=21.21% H= 6.06%, S=24.24% 0 = 48.48% (H=1,N=14,S =32, 0 = 16) Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Ans. Empirical formula = CH, Flement | % |Azut| Relative no. | Simplest Molecular weight = 2x Vapour density (V.D.) of atoms ratio x15 = 30 Nitrogen 212i) 14 | 2i2ieia | 15+075 Empirical formula weight = 12+ 3 = 15 =1.50 =2 e Molecular weight Hydrogen| 6.06) 1 ape 6 nes 75 = Empirical formula weight Sulphur |24.24] 32 | 24.24+32 | 0.75+0.75 = 304 =0.75 1 15 Oxygen [48.48] 16 | 4848+ 16 | 3.0+0.75 Molecular formula =(CH. =3.00 QI7. State: Empirical formula = NjH,S,0, (a) Avogadro's law. = (NH,),SO, (®) Gay Lussae’s law. 16. Ahydrocarbon of vapour density - 15 has | Ans. (a) Avogadro's Law ~ Under the similar 80% Carbon. Calculate the molecular conditions of temperature and pressure formula of the Hydrocarbon. equal volumes of all gases contain equal ‘Ans: number of molecules, _[Blmant | % [Ab ut] Relative na | Simplest () Gay Lussae’s Law ~ Whenever the gases pais sg combine chemically, they do so in volume which bears a simple ratio to each other as Carbon | 80 | 12 | 80+12=66 |66+66=1 well as to the product of gases, under the Hydrogen | 20 | 1 | 20+1=20 |20+66=3 same conditions of temperature and pressure Numericals isc een Sr Numericals to find percentage composition by weight of compound lhe cect ace a a, Ql. Calculate the percentage composition by weight of the following compounds: () Water-H,0 (ii) Ammonia - NH, (iii) Methane - CH, (iv) Hydrochloric acid - HCI (v) Ethane-C,H, (vi) Calcium nitrate - Ca(NO,), (vii) Nitrie oxide-NO (viii) Magnesium chloride - MgCl, (éx), Calcium carbonate - CaCO, (x) Sodium peroxide - Na,O, 4 Ans. (i) Water : Chemical formula - H,0 Relative molar mass = 2+ 16 = 18 amu. % of Hydrogen = 2«100 =1L% % of Oxygen = # x 100 = 88.88% Downloaded from https (ii) Ammonia : Chemical formula - NH; Relative molar mass = 14 +3 = 17 amu. of Nitrogen = 12 x 100 = 82.35% % of Hydrogen = 3 x 100 = 17.64% (iii) Methane : Chemical formula - CH, Relative molar mass = 12 + 4 = 16 amu. % of Carbon = 72 x 100 = 75% % of Hydrogen = 4 x 100 = 25% (iv) Hydrochloric acid : Chemical formula HCI Relative molar mass = 1+35.5 = 36.5a.m.u 1 = 2.x 100 = 2.73% % of Hydrogen = 555% 2.73 35.5 = 22 x 100- 5% % of Chlorine = 55 x 100 = 97.26 (v) Ethane : Chemival formula - C,H, Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 101 :// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com % of Hydrogen 3 x 100 = 20% (vi) Calcium nitrate : Chemical formula ~ Ca(NO,), Relative molar mass = 40 + 28 + 96 = 164a.mu. % of Calcium = 4° x100 = 24.39% 164 28 % of Nitrogen = —-x100 = 17.07% 164 96 = = x100 = % of Oxygen = x 58.53 % (vii) Nitric oxide : Chemical formula -NO Relative molar mass = 14 + 16 = 30 amu. ‘of Nitrogen = x 100 = 46.68% 16 % of Oxygen = 35 x 100 = 53.33% (viii) Magnesium chloride Chemical formula - MgCl, Relative molar mass = 24 +71=95 amu. % of Magnesium = z x 100 = 25.26% % of Chlorine = 2 x 100 = 74.74% (éx) Caleium carbonate : Chemical formula ~ CaCO, Relative molar mass = 40 + 12 + 48 = 100 40 % —— = of Calcium = 575 x 100 = 40% % of | 2 of Carbon = 755 x 100 = 12% 48 % of Oxygen = Too * 100 = 48% (2) Sodium peroxide : Chemical formula - Na,O, Relative molar mass = 46 + 32 = 78 % of Sodium = Sx 100 = 58.97% % of Oxygen = 2 x 100 = 41.03% 102 Pagether with® Chemistry (ICSE}-X Q2. Write the empirical formula of the compounds whose molecular formulae are as follows: @ CH, Gi) By (ii) C,H,Fe, (iv) NO, ©) CH (i) C\Hyy (vii) BH, (viii) Cig (ix) C\Hy (z) Na,CO, Ans. (i) CH (i) BH, (iii) C,HygFe (iv) NO, @) CH, (i) C,H, (vii) BH, (viii) CH, (ix) CH, (2) Na,CO, Numericals to find empirical and molecular formulae of compound when its percentage composition by weight and its molecular weight is given. Q3. The percentage composition by weight and _ the molecular weight of some compounds is given below. Find their empirical and molecular formula. (i) C= 92.08%, H = 7.692%, Mol. wt. = 78 (i) C= 40%, H = 6.67%, 0 = 58.33%, Mol.wt. = 180 (ii) C = 26.67%, H = 2.22% O = 71.11% Mol.wt. = 90 (iv) H = 2.47%, P = 38.25%, O = 59.28% Mol.wt. = 161.94 (&) Cu = 84.11%, C = 15.89% Mol.wt. = 151 (vi) K = 24.68% Mn = 34.81% 0 = 40.51%, Mol.wt. = 158 (vit) Ca = 34.48%, Si = 24.14%, O = 41.38%, Mol.wt. = 116 (viii) H = 5.88%, O = 94.12% Mol.wt. = 34 (ix) P = 49.18%, 0 = 50.82% Mol.wt. = 125.94 (x) B = 86.64%, H = 13.36%, Mol.wt. = 112.29 (i) C = 52.17%, H = 13.04%, O = 34.78% Mol.wt. = 46 + Geii) N = 30.43%, O = 69.57%, Mol.wt. = 92 (xiii) K = 31.85%, Cl = 28.95%, O = 39.20%, Mol.wt. = 122.45 (iv) C = 40% H = 6.67%, O = 53.38% Mol.wt. = 60 (xv) H = 3.078%, P = 47.68%, O = 49.254% Mol.wt. = 129.24 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com ns. (i) (iv) Blement | % At wt.| Relativeno. | Simplest ||[ Element] % | At.wt. | Relative no. | Simplest of atoms ratio ofatoms | ratio c | 92308] 12 7.692 1 H | 247] 1 247 2 H__| ze2| 1 7.692 1 P| 3825] 31 1.23 1 Empirical formula - CH O | 59.28] 16 3.70 3 Empirical formula weight = 12 +1 = 13 Empirical formula - H,PO, Molecular weight Empirical formula weight = 2 +31 +48 = 81 Empirical formula weight _ __ Molecular weight = 86 ” © Empirical formula weight 13 161.94 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula = Bp 719922 _ Molecular formula = CH Molecular formula =n x Empricial formula i) =H,P,0,. Element | % |At.wt. | Relativeno. | Simplest || (v) of ators a Element| % | At.wt.| Relative no. | Simplest Sasa nao: aa 333 1 ofatoms | ratio H |6e67| 1 667 2 co lean | 64 13 1 o _|s333|_16 3.33 1 c |1s89| 12 7 : Empirical formula - CHO Empirical formula —CuC. Empirical formula weight = 12 + 2 + 16 = 30 Empirical formula weight = 64 + 12 = 76 i Molecular weight n= Molecular weight Empirical formula weight Empirical formula weight ; = Bus Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula Molecular formula =n x Empricial formula = CgH,.0,. 1uzCy- (ii) wd Blement| % Anut.] Relative no. | Simplest ||[ Element] % | At.wt.] Relative no.] Simplest of atoms ratio of atoms ratio c | 2667} 12 2.22 1 kK | 2468) 39 0.63 1 Hn |222| 1 222 1 Mn |34si| 55 0.63 1 o |7a1} 16 444 2 Oo {4051} 16 2.58 . Empirical formula - CHO, Empirical formula - KMnO, Empirical formula weight = 12 + 1+ 32 = 45 Empirical formula weight = 39 + 55 + 64 ‘Molecular weight = 158 ‘4 ” = Empirical formula weight n = — Molecular weight Empirical formula weight = 158 21 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula 5 = C,H,0,. ‘Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula KMnO, Mole Concept and Stoichiometry ‘103 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com (vii) ®) Element| % At. wt.| Relative no. | Simplest Element| % | At.wt.| Relative no.| Simplest of atoms ratio of atoms ratio Ca 34.48 40 0.862 1 B 86.64 ll 787 1x3=3 Si 24.14 28 0.862 1 H 13.36 cf 13.36 169x3=5 SS . Empirical formula ~ B,H, Empirical formula - CaSiO, Empirical formula weight = 40 +28 + 48 Empirical formula weight = 33 +5 = 38 Molecular weight Empirical formula weight =116 n = Molecular weight 6 = 12.29 9923 Empirical formula weight — 116 38 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula = CaSi0;. =BiHys (viii) (i) Element] % | At.wt] Relative no.| Simplest || [Element | % | At.wt.] Relative no. | Simplest. ofatoms | _ ratio ofatoms | ratio H 5.88 1 5.88 1 Cc 52.17 12 4.34 2 oO | 9412] 16 588 1 H | 1304) 1 13.04 6 Empirical formula - HO Oo | 3478) 16 217 1 Empirical formula weight = 1 +16 = 17 Empirical formula - 0,H,0 ae oe molecalae weap Empirical formula weight = 24 + 6 + 16 = 46 Empirical formula weight ‘Molecular weight 4 Sue ” = Empirical formula weight ~ 46 7 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula 2H,0. =H,0,, (aii) (i) Element] % | At.wt.| Relative no. | Simplest Element] % | At. wt] Relative no. | Simplest ofatoms | ratio of atoms ratio N | 3043] 14 217 1 P 49.18 31 1.58 1 oO 69.57 16 434 2 O | sosz} 16 a 7 Empirical formula - NO, Empirical formula - PO, Empirical formula weight = 31 + 32 = 63 n = Molecular weight Empirical formula weight _ 125.94 et = 19922 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula =P,0,. 104 “Fagecher with® Chemistry (ICSE)-X Empirical formula weight = 14 + 32 = 46 ‘Molecular weight _ 92 Empirical formula weight — 46 Molecular formula = n x Empirical formula = Ny‘ n (xiii) Element] % | At.wt.| Relative po.| Simplest ofatoms | ratio K [3185 | 39 0.81 1 Cl | 28.95 | 35.5 0.81 1 O. [3920 | 16 2.45 3 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Empirical formula - KCIO, Empirical formula weight = 39 + 35.5 + 48 = 1225 n = —_Molecular weight * Empirical formula weight 122.45 =e 709981 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula =KCIO, (xiv) Biement| % | At.wt.| Relative no.| Simplest ofatoms | ratio c [4] 2 333 1 H |667| 1 667 2 o _|s333| 16 3.33 1 Empirical formula - CH,O Empirical formula weight = 12 +2 + 16 = 30 n = Molecular weight * Empirical formula weight 0 8 Le 30 Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula 1H ,0,- (xv) Blement] % | At.wt] Relative no.| Simplest ofatoms | _ ratio H [3078| 1 3.078 2 P |47.668| 31 1.53 1 oO |49.254| 16 3.07 2 Empirical formula - H,PO, Empirical formula weight = 2 + 31 +32 = 65 nee Molecular weight ‘Empirical formula weight 129.24 = EEA = 19822, Molecular formula =n x Empirical formula =H,P,0,. Q4. Calculate the percentage of underlined element in the following compounds. (H=1,C=12,N=14,0=16,B=11, Na =23, Pt = 195) () (NH), PtCl, (ii) Na,B,0,.10H,0 ‘Ans. (i) Molar mass of (NH,), Pt Cl, 14 +4) x 24195 +6 x 35.5 = 43.9% (ii) Molar mass of Na,B,0;.10H,0 2x 23+4x 11+7x 16+ 10x18 46 +44 +112 + 180 = 382g p= “4 x 100 % of B= 369 * = 115% aa Mole Concept and Stoichiometry ‘105 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Let’s Recall Fill Your Answer in the Space Given for Each Question. QL. Match the following : A Column-I Column-II (Organic Compounds) (Percentage of Carbon(%)) () CH,COOH (@ 80 Gi) C,H,OH (b) 54.54 (iii) CH,CHO (©) 52.17 (iv) C,H, @ 62.06 (v) CH,COCH, (e) 40 Ans. (i) C) wO Gi) CO w) OC ” O B. Column-I Column-II (@ Gay Lussac’s law (a) Simplest ratio (ii) Avogadro's law (b) 22.4 dm (iii) Molar volume (c) Volume-molecule relationship (iv) Diatomic (d) Combining volumes of gases (v) Empirical formula (e) Hydrogen Ans. (i) CE wO wi) OQ iw O oO c. Column-I Column-II (Weight of gas in grams) (Number of moles) (i) 23 g Nitrogen dioxide (a) 80 (ii) 80 g of Sulphur dioxide () 0.125. (iii) 7 g of Nitrogen (ce) 15 (iv) 4 g of Oxygen (d) 0.5 (v) 106.5 g of Chlorine (e) 0.25 Ans. (i) C2) wO wi) O ww O oO Q2. Fill in the blanks. (i) Number of moles = Molecular weight (ii) Number of molecules = _ (éii) Molecular formula = n x _ Molecular weight ~* Avogadro's number. (iv) n= Q3. Each question has four options, out of which only one option is correct. Dark the bubble for correct answer. fi @ Among the following Nitrogeneous fertilizers, which is the best fertilizer ? (@) (NH)SO, (©) NH,NO, (c) NH,CONH, (d) None of these 1a © © © @ 106, Together witk® Chemistry (ICSE}-X Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com (ii) The volume occupied by one mole of a gas at S.T.P. is (6) molar volume (a) molecular volume (@ None of these (c) molecular formula « © © © © (iii) Gay Lussac’s law is applicable (a) only to solids (®) only to liquids (c) to both liquids and gases (d) only to gases ns. (@) © (iv) The unit of vapour density is (@) gram ®) ml (c) cm? (d) None of these ns. @ © © @ (v) The weight of 1 mole of CO, at S.T.P. is (a) 22g (b) 44g : (©) 888 (d) None of these ans. @) © © @ (vi) A certain hydrocarbon has the following percentage composition C = 83.72%, H = 16.27%. The vapour density of the compound was found to be 43. The molecular formula of the compound is (@) CH, (6) CH, (©) Cy @ CHy ss © ® © @ (vii) The relative molecular mass of Na,S,0,5H,0 is (@ 250 amu. (b) 250g (d) 248g (©) 248 a.m.u. Ans. (@) ® © @ (viii) The gram molecular weight of (NH,),Cr,0, is (@) 252a.mu. (b) 252¢ (c) 252 litre @) 240 amv. ans. © © © @ (ix) The volume of oxygen required and volume of nitric oxide formed when 100 ml of ammonia is catalytically oxidized according to the balanced chemical equation : 4NH, + 50, —> 4NO + 6H,0 is (a) 125 ml of O, and NO (®) 100 ml of O, and NO (c) 125 ml of 0, and 100 ml of NO (d) 100 ml of O, and 125 ml of NO Ans. (@) © Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 307 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com (x) The volume occupied by 15 g of ethane (C,H,) at S.T.P. is (a) 5.6 dm (6) 22.4dm* (c) 11.2 dm’ (d) 44.8dm* ane @ © © @ (xi) When 16.4 g of calcium nitrate is heated according to the chemical equation given 2Ca(NO,), —*-+ 2Ca0 + 4NO, + 0, The weight of calcium oxide formed is (a) 54g (b) 5.6g (ce) L12g (d) 5.6dm* an. © © © @ ANSWERS 1 Aide die (iii) b (uv) a wd Bad de ii) b Ww) e (v) a Cw@d Gia iii) e (w) b we 2. (i) weight of the substance (ii) number of moles (iii) empirical formula (iv) empirical formula weight 3B@e Gi) b iii) d (iv) d (v) b (wide (vii) ¢ (viii) b (ix) c (x) (xi) b “108 Together wieh® Chemistry (ICSE)-X Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.comDownloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com ‘ime : 30 minutes Marks : 25 QL. State: 2 (a) Avogadro's law (b) Gay Lussac’s law Q2. Calculate : 3 (i) the number of moles (ii) the number of molecules (iii) the volume occupied by 52 g of ethyne (C,H,) at S.T.P. QS. 12ml of Carbon monoxide and 8 ml of Hydrogen burn in Oxygen according to the equation given below to form Carbon dioxide and Water vapour respectively. Calculate the total volume of Oxygen required. 3 2CO + 0, —+ 2C0, 2H, +0,—> 2H,0 * Q4. Ammonium dichromate on heating decomposes according to the equation given below : 3 (NH,),Cr,0, —+ N, + 4,0 + Cr,0, Calculate : - (@ weight of nitrogen evolved. (i) volume of nitrogen evolved at S.T.P. iii) weight of Cr,0, formed. when 126 g of Ammonium dichromate is heated. Q5. Calculate the vapour density of the following : 4 (CO, (i) CH, (iii) SO, (iv) 0, 6. Calculate the percentage of underlined element in the following compounds : 5 : (@) Na,CO, (i) Cr,0, (iii) HO, (iv) NH, (@) CO, At. wt: H=1, C= 12, N = 14, 0 = 16, Na = 23, Cr=52 Q7. A hydrocarbon has the following percentage composition : C= 85.71% and H = 14.28%. ‘The vapour density of the hydrocarbon is 14, Calculate its molecular formula. 5 ANSWERS 2 @ 2moles (i) 12 x 10 (iii) 44.8 dm? 3. 10 ml of Oxygen 4 @Mg (i) 1.2dm* (i) 16g 5. (i) 22 (i) 15 Git) 32 (iv) 16 6 (i) 43.39 (i) 68.42 (ii) 94.11 (iv) 82.35 (v) 27.27 1. CH, Mole Concept and Stoichiometry 109 Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com