Name: John Paul M.

Austero Date Prepared: February 18, 2021

Schedule: R032 Date Submitted: February 22, 2021

CHEM 120: Organic Chemistry

Activity 4.2.1:
Aromaticity of Heterocycles

INSTRUCTIONS: Remember that the requirements of aromaticity include a planar structure, cyclic with
conjugated double bonds, and has pi-electrons following the 4n+2 rule. Used these criteria in explaining
how the following heterocycles attain aromaticity. (5 points each item)

a)

The Pyrimidine structure is known as an aromaticity due to its planar geometry, cyclic with complete
conjugated double bonds, and has pi electrons of 6, which is defined by the 4n+2 law. The molecule
is stable since the lone pair on the two-N atom acts much like the hydrogen atoms on the other carbon
atoms in the Pyrimidine ring configuration.

b)
 The Thiophene meets the aromaticity demands. It has planar geometry, cyclic with complete double
conjugated bonds, and is characterized by pi electrons of 6 with the 4n+2 law. The molecule is stable
since the lone pair on the S atom behaves much like the hydrogen atoms on the other carbon atoms in
the Thiophene ring configuration. The electron pairs on sulfur are greatly delocalized in the pi
electron scheme.

c)

The Imidazole structure is known as an aromaticity due to its planar geometry, cyclic with complete
conjugated double bonds, and has two pi-electrons, respectively, from the left and right double bonds.
The lone pair on the bottom nitrogen is even, as it turns out, within the ring, making it 6 electrons.
4n+2=6 and thus n=1, and it follows the law of Hückel. The molecule is stable as the lone pair on the
two-N atom behaves much like the hydrogen atoms on the other carbon atoms in the Imidazole ring
arrangement.

d)
 The Pyrrole meets the requirement for aromaticity. The pyrrole is cyclic and conjugated and the pi-
system will be added to by the lone nitrogen pair. The pi scheme, which gives us 6 total pi electrons,
corresponds to two pi-bonds and one lone pair of electrons, which is a Hückel rule number that meets
the 4n+2 law. Consequently, aromatic is pyrrole.

e)

The Furan arrangement is known as an aromaticity because of its planar geometry, cyclic with complete
conjugate double bonds, and because one of the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom is delocalized
into the ring, creating a 4n+2 aromatic structure close to benzene. The molecule is stable as the lone pair
on the O atom behaves much like the hydrogen atoms on the other carbon atoms on the Furan.