Cardiovascular system (CVS)

• System that responsible for delivering blood to different parts of the body
• Circulatory system that consists of the heart
• Heart is muscular pumping device
• Closed system of vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries
Decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

• Chest pain travel from left arm to neck

• Shortness of breath
• Nausea
• Palpitation
• Dizzy / giddiness
• Epigastric pain
• Sweating
ETIOLOGY

• Smoking • Age
• Hypertension • Gender
• Drug abuse • Diabetes
• Obesity • Hyperlipoproteinaemia
• Stress • Family history
• Alcohol • Chronic kidney disease

ECG CHANGES

• ST segment elevation
• T wave inversion
• Appearance of wide deep Q waves
TREATMENT & MANAGEMENT
Acute process in which a tear in the internal face of the aorta leads to dissection
through the laminas and formation of a new lumen (false lumen) and acute drop in
systemic blood pressure

RISK FACTOR

• Uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension)

• Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis)
• Weakened & bulging artery (aortic aneurysm)
• Aortic valve defect (bicuspid aortic valve)
• Narrowing of the aorta at birth (aortic coarctation)
Signs & symptoms TYPE OF AORTC DISSECTION

• Sudden severe, sharp pain in chest • TYPE A - involves the ascending aorta,
• Shortness of breath regardless of the site of the primary
• Dizziness intimal tear
• Low blood pressure
• Rapid weak pulse • TYPE B - originating distal to the left
• Loss of vision subclavian artery and involving only
• Confusion descending aorta
• Heavy sweating
TREATMENT

• TYPE A
• Surgery - remove as much of the dissected aorta as possible and stop
blood from leaking into the aortic wall
• Medication - to reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure, which can
prevent the aortic dissection from worsening

• TYPE B
• Surgery - remove as much of the dissected aorta as possible and stop
blood from leaking into the aortic wall
• Medication - to reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure, which can
prevent the aortic dissection from worsening