1.

Mussolini gain power in Italy by the famous March to Rome in 1922, he and his fascist followers
march to Rome and demand for power, worried of a new civil war the king appointed as prime
minister of Italy, before Mussolini Italy itself had already ran into many problem and trouble,
such as high unemployment rate, poor economy, social unrest and the country is already
exhausted from the previous Great war.

2. Military, economy, tettority, casualties and social unrest. After the war Japan have to pay aa
huge amount of Money, because of that its economy was destroyed by mass money printing.
Germany also suffers from tettorial losses, like the east Prussia land, and lost the control of the
Rhineland.

3. The treaty of Versailles heavily punishes the German, its army was limited by a lot to only 100
000 soldiers with no air force and limited navy, also forcing them to pay an outrage amount of
money.

4. So that he could blame the other party for doing it. Such as the communist party

5. The night of the long knives indicates a mass assassination of fascist party leader.

6. Because this could be used for propaganda, and for other reason is because the amount is
outrageous 300 billion USD, after WW1 the country is already crimpled and exhausted by the
war, to pay 300 billion for the war is almost impossible. For this party like fascist could use this a
propaganda to gain follower

7. The Term lebensraum and racial purity.

Lebensraum also known as living space, this term was emphasized by Hitler in Mein Kampf, it is saying
the land east should belong to German people and for German people only, especially the East Prussia
land, Germany would do this through Military conquest invading Poland, Soviet Union and the other
eastern country. If the plan to be ever success, the people who wasn’t considered German would be
forced to leave their home from Prussia, and east Prussia would once again belong to the Reich.

Racial Purity. This Term indicating, a German race that is considered superior. “Aryan” are considered a
true and pure German race, and it was considered to superior to any other race by the Nazi. This also
being used for propaganda purpose to gain followers and it also to be considered one of Nazi German
rule. This mean that any other race like jew, and Romania would be erased from German history like
putting them through holocaust.
 8. Anti Semitism refer the discrimination and persecution directed at Jews people. This happen in
1930s to 1940s, any person who considered Jews in Germany would force to go to Working
Camp or even worse concentration camp, this is where they are being forced labor, executed
and torture.

9. The appeasement was a foreign policy of the allies in 1930s, it aimed is to avoid future conflict
like WW1, especially Germany, it’s done by giving in to Hitler’s Demand. In my opinion this it’s a
terrible foreign policy, by giving in too much for Germany this play right into Hitler hand which
would help the German gain more power. But seeing it from a 1930s perspective I think it’s
reasonable to give in.
10. Hitler ignores the military term in the treaty of Versailles, which indicate Germany is not to build
an army up to 100000 men, must not have an air force and also never go to war again.

11.

March 7, 1936, Hitler ordered the reoccupation of the Rhineland

By The mid of July German “Volunteer” join the Spanish civil war

March 12, 1938, Germany annexed Austria without a single shot fired

September 1938, Munich agreement Germany is allowed to occupied Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.

March 1939, tension increase Germany occupied the remaining part of Czechoslovakia.

1st September 1939, German Tenth army started it attack on Poland, the beginning of WW2.

12. Hitler’s New Order is his plan to Reshape the Europe continent. The New Order indicate “Aryan
“Race would be considered a superior race, and any other race shall be eliminated. Prior to that
Germany would be the main power of Europe through war conquest and tettorial gain, through
that established colony and puppet country.
Russian Revolution:

1. The flawed could be caused by several reason:

Bad leadership: Nicholas bad leadership, and lack of strength in leading a country. This would cause him
to make indecisive and terrible decisions.

Economy Unrest: Vass majority of the country is made up from peasant, most of them don’t have food
or shelter, the economy is crimpled through war.

The Resistance of change: Nicholas refused to give in power

Military Failure: losing to the Japanese in 1905 and with their struggle against the German in the Easten
Front leaded to Lack of Morality and exhausted the country.

2. Because:

Extremely poor living Conditions, some of them don’t even have food or shelter, they are being forced
labor.

Lack of morality, Russian failure in war caused the people to lose their morale.

Social inequality, while nobles had food and shelter the peasants had to force labor and pay taxes.

Rising unrest and extreme rule, the Russian when out on strike and they are mass executed by the
Russian guard, this creates social unrest and people mistrust in the government.

They would eventually start the revolution in 1917

3. Supported by the German, Lenin eventually when back to Russia and started a revolution in 1917,
they succeed and gain power. After the revolution they worked on establishing a new government
dissolving opposing parties and centralizing power under the communist party.

4. This could be because of different ideologies, or they simply hate the communist party policy. These
anti Bolsheviks were mostly noble.

5. By the time Lenin died, there are many of his followers who also one to be in power, Stalin would
eventually grow up to be the most powerful and gain the power of control, he would hold on to his
power, by executing and assassinate anyone who oppose him.
6.

The collectivization was policy where farmer is consolidating individual farm to collective farm, this
would prevent individual wealth and create equality, its purpose Is to increase agricultural productivity
and modernize farming and ensure a stable food supply for urban workers and the growing industrial
sector. This also means the government would have the power to control.

The 5 Year Plans aimed to transform the USSR from an old and ancient society into an industrial
powerhouse and modern society. The focus on heavy industry was intended to build a strong economic
foundation, increase military capabilities and modernize the country.

7.

Collective farm, it’s owned by a group of people who work together on a farm, the government’s role in
this is to provide guidance and set production targets.

State farm, it’s owned directly by the government, the people are usually appointed or hired to work
these farms, decision making are mainly coming from the government.

8.

From the left economy controlled by the government to the right the economy is free individual.

10.

Communism:
Key Tenet: A classless society where resources are owned collectively, and wealth is distributed
equally. It advocates for the elimination of private property and the means of production
controlled by the state.
Goal: To create a society without social classes and achieve equality among individuals.

Socialism:
Key Tenet: Involves public ownership of certain industries and resources, aiming for a more
equitable distribution of wealth. It seeks to address social inequalities and provide services like
healthcare and education to all citizens.

Goal: To reduce economic disparities and provide a safety net for all members of society.
Liberalism:
Key Tenet: Values individual freedoms, civil liberties, and equality before the law. It supports
free markets, democratic governments, and a limited role of the state in personal and economic
affairs.

Goal: To promote personal freedoms and ensure fair and equal opportunities for all citizens.

Conservatism:
Key Tenet: Emphasizes traditional values, institutions, and social stability. It values preserving
existing social orders, customs, and structures while advocating for gradual change rather than
radical reforms.

Goal: To maintain social order and stability, conserving traditional values and institutions.

Fascism:
Key Tenet: A totalitarian ideology that exalts the nation or race above the individual,
emphasizing authoritarian control, militarism, and often promoting an aggressive foreign policy.
It suppresses opposition and glorifies the state.

Goal: To establish a centralized, autocratic government led by a dictatorial leader, typically with
strong nationalist and anti-democratic principles.

Conservatism:
 Likes traditions and things staying the same.
 Thinks government should be limited and not change too much.
 Focuses on community values and stability.
Liberalism:
 like new ideas and progress.
 believe government can help fix social problems.
 Focuses on individual freedom and fairness.
Conservatism wants to keep things as they are, while liberalism wants change for the better and
more individual freedom.