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1. **Generics**: Generics allow you to create classes, interfaces, and methods that
operate with any data type. They provide type safety and code reusability by
enabling you to write flexible and efficient code. Here's an example of a generic
class:
```csharp
public class Stack<T> {
private T[] items;
private int top;
public T Pop() {
return items[top--];
}
}
```
2. **Delegates and Events**: Delegates are type-safe function pointers that allow
you to pass methods as parameters or return values. Events are a special type of
delegate that enable the implementation of the observer design pattern. Here's an
example:
```csharp
public delegate void EventHandler(string message);
// Usage
Publisher publisher = new Publisher();
Subscriber subscriber = new Subscriber();
publisher.OnMessageSent += subscriber.HandleMessage;
publisher.SendMessage("Hello, world!");
```
3. **LINQ (Language Integrated Query)**: LINQ provides a powerful and concise way
to query and manipulate data in C#. It allows you to query collections, databases,
XML, and other data sources using a consistent syntax. Here's an example of LINQ
querying a collection:
```csharp
List<int> numbers = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
```csharp
public async Task<string> DownloadDataAsync(string url) {
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient()) {
return await client.GetStringAsync(url);
}
}
```
These advanced topics in C# provide you with powerful tools to write efficient,
flexible, and maintainable code. As you become more familiar with these concepts,
you'll be better equipped to tackle complex programming tasks and build high-
quality software applications.