Rene Descartes:

Rene Descartes was a 17th-century French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist

known for his contributions to epistemology and metaphysics. His most famous work,
"Meditations on First Philosophy," outlines his philosophical principle of doubt and
skepticism. Descartes sought to establish a foundation for knowledge that could
withstand doubt and skepticism. He famously expressed "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think,
therefore I am), asserting that self-awareness and doubt couldn't be entirely doubted.
Descartes also contributed to the development of Cartesian dualism, the concept that
mind and body are fundamentally distinct substances. This principle has had a
profound impact on Western philosophy and the mind-body problem. Descartes
believed in the existence of innate ideas and that these ideas provide the foundation for
certain knowledge. His rationalist approach to knowledge emphasized the use of reason
and intellectual intuition to attain truth.

Martin Heidegger:

Martin Heidegger was a 20th-century German philosopher whose work had a

significant impact on existentialism and phenomenology. Heidegger's philosophical
principle revolves around the question of Being, or the nature of existence itself. He
sought to investigate the fundamental ontology of what it means "to be." Heidegger's
concept of "Dasein," or being-in-the-world, emphasizes the interconnectedness of
human existence with the world. He argued that a deep understanding of being
necessitates an examination of human existence and the structures of human
experience. Heidegger's existential analytic aimed to uncover the implicit meanings and
assumptions that underlie everyday existence.

Immanuel Kant:

Immanuel Kant, an 18th-century German philosopher, made influential contributions

to epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. His philosophical principle revolves
around the investigation of human cognition, rationality, and the nature of knowledge.
Kant sought to reconcile empiricism and rationalism, transforming the landscape of
modern philosophy. Kant's moral philosophy, outlined in "Critique of Practical
Reason" and "Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals," introduced the concept of
the Categorical Imperative, a universal moral law derived from human rationality. His
aesthetic philosophy, as presented in the "Critique of Judgment," explored the nature
of beauty, taste, and the subjective experience of art.
 Almagro National High School

Almagro Samar

Senior High School Department

The Philosophical Principles of Modern

Contemporary Philosophers

Submitted to:

Mr. Antonio Cabello

(Teacher)

Submitted by:

Tricia R. Hilongo

(Student)