EnggCAD-ECE Module Second Sem AY 2023-2024

MODULE IN
COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING FOR

EE
ENGGCAD-EE
Source
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
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ENGGCAD-EE
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module, you should be

able to:
1. Define the terms related to computer-
aided drafting systems;
2. Identify the important tools used to
create technical drawings in CAD;
3. Create electronic drawings (e-
drawings) using CAD; and
4. Appreciate the usefulness of the
knowledge and skills in computer
aided drafting as applied in his/her
professional development.
COMPUTER-AIDED
DRAFTING FOR
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Course Introduction ............................................................... 6

II. Course Guide ......................................................................... 6
III. Course Study Guide .............................................................. 8
V. Assignment Guide ............................................................... 15
VI. Course References .............................................................. 15
Module 1: Introduction to AutoCAD ................................................ 18
Guide to Autocad Basics ........................................................... 19
User Interface Tour ...................................................................... 20
Understanding AutoCAD User Interface ........................... 21
The Command Window ...................................................... 26
The Mouse............................................................................. 26
Setting your AutoCAD Workspace............................................ 27
Setting Precision Tools ................................................................. 29
Snap Mode/Grid Mode ...................................................... 29
Object Snap ......................................................................... 30
AutoCAD Coordinate system .................................................... 31
Absolute Coordinate System.............................................. 32
Relative Coordinate System ............................................... 33
Polar Coordinates ................................................................ 34
Module 2: Working with AutoCAD.................................................... 37
Autocad Commands ................................................................. 37
Drawing Commands ........................................................... 37
Selecting Multiple Objects .................................................. 49
Modifying Commands ........................................................ 51
Layers ............................................................................................ 67
Layer controls ....................................................................... 68
Layer Settings ....................................................................... 70
Controls in the layer properties manager ......................... 71
Quick access to Layer settings ........................................... 72
Creating Layers .................................................................... 72
Properties ..................................................................................... 74
The Properties palette ......................................................... 75
Verify and change object properties ............................... 76
Quick Access to property settings ..................................... 76
Match the properties of objects ........................................ 77
Blocks ............................................................................................ 79
Insert a block ........................................................................ 80
Create a block definition.................................................... 81
Layouts ......................................................................................... 83
Model space and paper space ........................................ 84
Specifying the paper size of a layout ................................ 84
Layout viewports .................................................................. 85
Notes and labels ......................................................................... 86
Create a text style ............................................................... 87
Dimensions ................................................................................... 88
Linear dimensions................................................................. 89
Modify dimensions ............................................................... 90
Dimension styles ................................................................... 91
Activity no. 1 ................................................................................ 93
Equipments ........................................................................... 93
Procedures............................................................................ 93
Activity No. 2 .............................................................................. 102
Procedures.......................................................................... 102
Module 3: Creating Complex Drawings in AutoCAD .................. 114
Activity no. 3 .............................................................................. 116
Procedures.......................................................................... 116
Activity No. 4 .............................................................................. 125
Procedures.......................................................................... 125
Activity No. 5 .............................................................................. 138
Procedures.......................................................................... 139
Module 4: 3D modeling ................................................................... 151
Introduction ............................................................................... 152
3D CAD Terminologies .............................................................. 152
Isometric drawing...................................................................... 154
The 3-d coordinate system....................................................... 154
3-D Rotation ............................................................................... 155
Viewing 3-d Objects ................................................................. 156
3-d Orbit ..................................................................................... 157
3D Commands .......................................................................... 158
Revolved objects ...................................................................... 165
Primitive solids ............................................................................ 166
Boolean operations .................................................................. 167
Activity no. 6 .............................................................................. 169
Procedures.......................................................................... 169
Activity No. 7 .............................................................................. 171
Procedures.......................................................................... 172
I. COURSE INTRODUCTION
This 1-unit course was designed for the students to enhance their working knowledge of
engineering techniques in using AutoCAD software and to work hands-on with the
fundamental tools and different commands of AutoCAD Software for technical
drawings. It includes laboratory activities that uses AutoCAD in production of engineering
drafting and design drawings using a computer-based software.
II. COURSE GUIDE
Module and Unit Topics
To ensure that you will demonstrate the above-cited course learning outcome at the end
of the semester, this course designed to be delivered in 54 contact hours and was
structured into six (4) modules. Each module contains an explanation with its topic
learning outcomes and topic outline. Each topic is designed using the 5E constructivist
model of learning, developed by Rodger Bybee, that encourages students to engage,
explore, explain, elaborate, and evaluate their knowledge of topics covered therein. It
means that at the end of each unit, each module, and the course as a whole, you will
be assessed on your progress in attaining the course learning outcomes. Outcomes-
based education dictates that only when you can demonstrate the course learning
outcomes by the end of this course, can you be given a passing mark. The modules that
form the building blocks to help you attain the course learning outcomes are as follows:
MODULE 1: Introduction to AutoCAD
In this module, the student will be have a comprehensive readings on the basics of the
AutoCAD software. In using AutoCAD, you have to be familiar with the interface. It is
important that before proceeding with this module, the student has already installed an
AutoCAD software on their personal computers.
MODULE 2: Working with AutoCAD
In this module, the students will learn how you can access drawing, modifying and any
other tools using the Ribbon; navigate through your drawing - pan, zoom in, zoom out
and zoom - extend and apply some of the common drawing and modifying commands.
The student must have to understand that every tool might have a different way to be
use. It is difficult to remember all of the steps in each tool. That is what command window
is for.
MODULE 3: Creating Complex Drawing in AutoCAD
In this module, the student will learn apply appropriate AutoCAD commands to create
more complex drawings. Aided by technology, artists today can challenge almost
everything. Optical illusion artist of today creates 3D illusionistic paintings and geometric
figures that decorate the streets, the buildings or even the human body. Practice makes
perfect - you will get better with a lot of practice. Practice makes perfect - you will get
better with a lot of practice.
MODULE 4: 3D Modeling
In this module, the student will be introduced to 3D Modeling in AutoCAD. In here,

different terminologies used in creating 3D drawings, 3D coordinate system, 3D rotation,
viewing 3D objects and 3D commands, how to revolved a region to create a 3D object,
use the primitive solid commands for instant creation basic solid objects and to modify
3D objects using the different Boolean commands in AutoCAD will be discussed. Hands-
on activities are provided.
III. COURSE STUDY GUIDE
Finishing this course successfully relies heavily on your self-discipline and time
management skills. The course modules were prepared for you to learn diligently,
intelligently, and independently. Keeping yourself motivated to follow the schedules
specified in the learning plan, maintaining excellence in the expected student outputs,
and mastering the different technologies and procedures required in the delivery and
feedback for this course, will instill in you important qualities you will need in the future as
an engineer practicing your profession. The following course guides and house rules are
designed for you to practice decorum consistent with standards expected within a
formal academic environment. These guides shall lay the groundwork for consistency,
coherence, cooperation, and clear communication among learners and instructors
throughout the conduct of this course:
1. MANAGE YOUR MINUTES. Create a study routine and stick to it. Keep requirement
deadlines and study schedules always in mind by providing visual cues posted in
your place of study or listed in your reminders (electronically, online, or on paper).
Remember that there are other daily activities that take up your time, not to
mention other courses you may be concurrently taking. Choose a time of day
when you are most likely to maximize learning. Communicate your schedule to
other members of your household so they could help you keep it. It would also
help to prepare a dedicated space in your residence conducive for learning.
2. MIND YOUR MANNERS. Treat the distance learning environment as an academic

space not too different from a physical classroom. Do not do in the distance
learning environment, acts you would not normally do in a face-to-face classroom
set up. Avoid asking questions that have already been answered in the lessons or
in the instructions previously discussed or provided. This reflects your poor focus
and uninspired preparation for this course. Practice Electronic Conversation
Etiquette in group chats, open forums, and similar electronic venues.
a. Use appropriate language and tone, correct grammar and spelling, and
complete sentences acceptable in an academic forum. Avoid text-speak,
slang, and all caps in your posts.
b. Express your opinions politely and do not dominate the conversation.
c. Avoid lengthy as well as offensive posts by sticking to the topic of the
discussion.
d. Take time to understand the salient points of the discussion, and provide a
meaningful and well-thought response to the posts of other participants.
e. For a live meeting or video/voice conferencing set-up, mute your
microphone when you are not speaking to keep the focus on the main
speaker.
1. MASTER THE MEDIUM. The distance learning courses will be delivered making use
of the institutional Google Suite account of Saint Louis University. It would be
worthwhile on your part to devote some time and effort to learn the applications
you will need to access your course materials, interact with me and your
classmates, and submit course requirements. Applications of note are Google
Classroom, Google Drive, and Google Meet. There are also available alternatives
to Microsoft Office tools you might want to explore. Certain requirements will
require you to take a video on your smart phone, save it, and submit it
electronically. Work on this skill as well. If you are offline, identify the most
convenient means for express mail correspondence and inform me as early as
possible so we can make the necessary arrangements ahead of time.
2. MAKE MASTERPIECES. Go beyond minimum requirements. The course learning
outcomes will serve as a guide to the minimum expected competencies you are
to acquire at the end of this course. It does not limit you from performing beyond
it. Keep in mind that the quality of your work reflects the amount of thought and
care you put into the process of completing it. It provides a very tangible measure
of how much of the competencies you have developed and fully obtained
throughout this course.
3. CONNECT CONSTANTLY. There are more than sufficient online and offline modes
to ensure that you are well informed and provided on time with the needed
learning materials, instructions, requirements, and feedback either from me or
from your classmates. Exhaust all means possible to keep in touch and updated.
My contact details can be found at the latter part of this document and will be
made available and widely disseminated to enrollees of this course.
4. OBSERVE ORIGINALITY. Your course outputs will largely be submitted in electronic
form. It is going to have a highly traceable and comparable digital footprint that
can be easily checked for originality. Cite your sources properly for referenced
statements you decide to use in your own work. Attribute statements by persons
other than you by using terms like according to, he said/she said, and the like.
5. INSTIGATE INDEPENDENCE. You are the focus of this course. Nobody else. All
assessment and evaluation tools in this course are designed to measure your
competence and not anybody else’s. You may use all resources at your disposal,
and ask other people for advice. In the end however, it is going to be your
independent work that will be judged against the standards set for this course.
The only way for you to maximize this course to your advantage is to learn as much
from it as an individual. Make it count.
6. USING THE LEARNING MODULES. To be able to help you build your own
understanding from experiences and new ideas, the modules in this course are
designed based on the 5E Instructional Model (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate
and Evaluate). The following icons will help you find some of the most critical ideas
in the learning modules.
This part of the unit module are activities to pique your interest and get you personally
involved in the lesson, while pre-assessing you prior understanding.
Part of module unit that is designed to pique your interest in the

topics to be discussed by accessing your prior knowledge and
build up your curiosity to learn more.
Part of the module unit that presents the main lesson through
materials that will give you a general picture of the topics to be
discussed, introducing you to new concepts and ideas.
Part of the module unit that contains detailed discussions of

topics and provide you the definition of the smaller pieces of
the general picture you encountered in the previous stage
Part of the module unit that expounds on the ideas of the

previous stage and allows you to extrapolate into a broader
field or delve deeper into the finer details of the topics
Part of the module unit that gives us the opportunity to gauge

your attainment of the learning outcomes using formative and
evaluative assessment tools.
Additional Guidelines for Offline Students:
• If you are a student opting for the offline mode of distance learning, you will be
tasked to send back the accomplished requirements at given stages of the course
through express mail correspondence on or before the scheduled date to me. Make
sure you will follow it up with me through text or any other media available for you.
• While waiting for my feedback of your accomplished requirements, continue doing

the task in the succeeding units of the module.
• If needed, do not hesitate to keep in touch with me through any available means.
Remember, if there is a will, there is a way.
IV. COURSE STUDY SCHEDULE
Below are details in the conduct of this course arranged in chronological order vis-à-vis
the topic learning outcomes and activities designed for you to undergo the five stages
of the 5E constructivist learning model.
Dates TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES
MODULE 1 Introduction to AutoCAD
TLO 1: Identify the appropriate

Engage: Reading article on life
settings and all the basic
before AutoCAD
commands needed
when creating 2D Explore: Guide to AutoCAD
drawings with AutoCAD. Basics; User Interface Tour; Setting
Prelims AutoCAD Workspace; Setting
Precision Tools
Week 1
Explain: Setting Precision Tools
Elaborate: AutoCAD Coordinate

System
Evaluate: Module 1 evaluative

assessment
MODULE 2 Working with AutoCAD
TLO 2: Identify the basic drawing Engage: AutoCAD Commands

and modifying
Explore: Layers; Properties;
commands to create a
Blocks; Notes and Labels;
2D drawing using
Dimensions
Prelims AutoCAD
Explain: Activity No. 1 - Title Block
Week 2-5 TLO 3: Produce a file in a PDF
format. Elaborate: Activity No. 2 -
Geometric Pattern
Evaluate: Module 2 Evaluative

Assessment
Prelim Examination on Module 1 and 2
MODULE 3 Creating Complex Drawings in AutoCAD
TLO 4: Apply appropriate
Engage: Reading articles about
drawing and modifying
drawings in AutoCAD
commands to create s
more complex electronic Explore: Activity No. 3 - Optical
drawings. Illusion
Midterms
TLO 5: Use the model tab and Explain: Activity No. 4 -
Week 7 - 12 output the drawings in Geometric Figures
layout tab using Elaborate: Activity No. 5 -
VIEWPORTS Surveyor’s Quantity
Evaluate: Module 3. Evaluative

Assessment
Midterm Examination on Module 3
MODULE 4 3D Modeling
TLO 6: Identify the appropriate

Engage: Introduction to 3D
settings and all the basic
Modeling
commands needed when
creating 3D drawings with
Explore: Isometric Drawing; The
AutoCAD. 3D Coordinate System; 3D
Finals Rotation; Viewing 3D Objects; 3D
TLO 7: Apply the different 3D Orbit.
Week 13-18 drawing and modifying
commands to create a Explain: 3D Commands
quality 3D drawing for Elaborate: Revolved Objects;
rendering Primitive Solids; Boolean
Operations
Evaluate: Activity No. 6 and 7
Final Examination on Module 4
Evaluation
The course modules rely on formative and summative assessments to determine the
progress of your learning in each module. To obtain a passing grade in this course, you
must:
7. Read all course readings and perform hands-on activities.
8. Submit all activities
9. Take all term examinations.
• If you are a student under the offline DL mode, accomplish all print-based and
electronically saved discussion activities and requirements, and submit them on time
via express mail correspondence.
Formative Assessment Activities
Formative assessments for this course are applied to ungraded activities that are used to
monitor your learning experience and provide feedback to improve both your learning
approach as well as my instructional approach.
• You are required to answer the pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment activities,

and reflection questions but your scores in activities will not be included in the
computation of your final grade.
• The reflection questions are designed to help you to critically analyze the course
readings for better understanding while the pre-assessment quizzes and self-
assessment activities are designed as a review management tool to prepare you for
the graded quizzes and examinations.
• Successfully answering formative activity questions and requirements will serve as

prompts to tell you if you need to study further or if you may already move forward
to the next unit of the module.
• The completeness of your answers to the pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment

activities, and reflection questions will still be checked and will still be part of your
course completion. Hence, all pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment activities, and
reflection questions must be answered.
• In doing your formative assessment activities, you can always ask the help of your
family and friends.
• The pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment activities, and reflection questions are

required so you can take it anytime within the scheduled days assigned for each
module.
Summative Assessment Activities
The evaluative assessments are graded activities designed to determine if your

acquisition of learning and performance in tests is at par with standards set at certain
milestones in this course.
A. Quizzes, Examinations, and Assignments
Graded quizzes, examinations, and assignments are essential to determine whether your
performance as a student is at par with standards/goals that need to be achieved in this
course. The scores obtained from each of the graded activities will contribute to your
final grade, the weights of which are presented in the grading system described in the
succeeding sections of this text. Direct scoring can be used on straightforward
requirements like short answers and multiple-choice responses, while scoring rubrics will
be provided for answers that are typically lengthy and involve a more complex level of
thinking on your part.
Technological Tools
To be able to accomplish all the tasks in this course, you will need a computer or a laptop
with the following software applications: Word Processing, Presentation, and AutoCAD
for requirements that do not require online access.
Visit the website: https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learn-

explore/caas/sfdcarticles/sfdcarticles/How-to-download-a-student-version-of-
AutoCAD.html to guide you through installing a free student version of AutoCAD.
Note that you need to create an account in order for you to be eligible in obtaining a
free student license. Use your SLU email address.
If you are a student online, access to the institutional Google Classroom will be provided
through your institutional account. An invitation to join the Google Classroom will be sent
to you through the SLU Student Portal and your institutional email account, so make sure
to activate your institutional email account. It is equally important that you check your
SLU Student Portal account at least twice a week and turn your Gmail Notifications on in
your mobile phone and computer.
If you are a student offline, the delivery of instructions and requirements will be primarily
through express mail correspondence of printed modules and saved digital content on
a USB flash drive. Feedback and clarifications will be facilitated through text messaging
and voice calls; hence, you need to have regular access to a cell phone. If you need to
call, or you want to talk to me, send me a message first and wait for me to respond. Do
not give my CP number to anybody. I will not entertain messages or calls from numbers
that are not registered in my phone. Hence, use only the CP number you submitted to
me.
V. ASSIGNMENT GUIDE
I. Output
You are expected to submit a PDF format of all plate activities.
II. Rationale
Computer - Aided Drafting is a course that requires an in-depth understanding of the

different AutoCAD commands, interface, and settings. Devoting enough time in
practicing will help you become a better drafter.
III. Materials
The assignment is available online in the Google Class materials and offline in the saved
electronic files in the USB flash drive and the printed learning materials. You may consult
all your reference materials and notes when doing your drawings.
IV. Specific Guidelines
• Click on the link to the assignment in our Google Classroom

• Read all instructions carefully before starting with your plates
• For online submission of your plate activities, export it in a PDF file with a file name
stated in each module and submit it in google classroom.
V. Evaluation Tool
Rubrics in the Syllabus will be used in grading activities.
VI. COURSE REFERENCES
A. Textbook
Davis, S, (2000) A Brief Guide to AutoCAD 2000, Prentice Hall Inc. Upper Saddle
River, NJ.
Grabowski, R, (2002), Using AutoCAD 2002, Autodesk Press. San Rafael, California
Kirkpatrick, J, (2000), The AutoCAD Book: Drawing, Modeling, and Applications

Using AutoCAD 2000, Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Alf Y, (2010), Introduction to AutoCAD 2010, 2D and 3D Design, Autodesk Press.

Upper Saddle River, NJ
B. Website
https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/C1BxaOC0-IS.pdf
https://www.mycadsite.com/tutorials/level_1/level-1-autocad-quiz-exam-
test.html
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=autocad-2010-certified-
associate-practice-questions
https://www.mycadsite.com/tutorials/level_2/level-2-autocad-quiz-exam-
test.html
www.mycadsite.com/tutorials
Contact Information of the Facilitators
Engr. Jake Anthony M. Flores

EnggCAD - EE Course Facilitator
Cellphone : +63 912 953 8045

SLU local extension number : Electrical Engineeing, loc. 393
Institutional email address : jamflores@slu.edu.ph
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO
AUTOCAD
MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO
AUTOCAD
In this module, the student will be have a comprehensive readings on the basics of the
AutoCAD software. In using AutoCAD, you have to be familiar with the interface. It is
important that before proceeding with this module, the student has already installed an
AutoCAD software on their personal computers.
By the end of this module, the student should be able to:
TLO 1: Identify the appropriate settings and all the basic commands needed when
creating 2D drawings with AutoCAD.
Before AutoCAD and other drafting software, engineers and architects drew engineering
drawings in a sheet of papers using drawing boards. Many types of equipment were
required to complete a given drawing such as drawing boards, different grade pencils,
erasers, T-square, set squares, and other drawing tools.
Source: Before AutoCAD
Here are some photographs of architects and engineers before AutoCAD.
Source
Tamron’s Drafting
Department in the late
Urban designers before AutoCAD 1970’s
Drafting was indeed more tedious and time-consuming. Designing and putting
everything on paper was a tough job. That is why, the need for the creation of AutoCAD
software came up.
Autocad is a computer-aided drafting software program used for creating blueprints for
buildings, bridges and computer chips. AutoCAD is used mainly by drafters, although
engineers, surveyors and architects may need to use the software from time to time.
Source: Architects Engineers Before AutoCAD Software
GUIDE TO AUTOCAD BASICS

Assuming that AutoCAD software is already installed in your computers, start the
program.
After you launch AutoCAD, click the “Start Drawing” button or click “New” if you are
using AutoCAD 2023 to begin a new drawing.
AutoCAD includes a standard tabbed ribbon across the top of the drawing area. You
can access nearly all the commands presented in this module from the Home tab. In
addition, the Quick Access toolbar shown below includes familiar commands such as
New, Open, Save, Print, Undo and so on.
USER INTERFACE TOUR
The AutoCAD user interface was designed to be intuitive and user-friendly. Even if you
are at the beginner’s level for AutoCAD, you should still be able to easily navigate
through the software.
Upon first opening the program, you can either start drawing from a template of
your choice, or open a recent document.
The drawing area is where you can create and modify objects. This area allows for
lots of flexibility with view cubes, navigation bars, and much more. From this view,
you have many other options. From this view, you have many other options to aid
in the creative process.
• Viewport controls allow you to adjust both visual styles and views directly on the
viewport canvas.
• Through the navigation bar, you'll find frequently used things such as steering wheels,
view cube, and show motion, as well as pan, zoom, and orbit.
• The AutoCAD ribbon gallery offers a fast and intuitive workflow while the quick access
toolbar lets you easily reach the tools you most commonly use.
Understanding AutoCAD User Interface
Application Menu
It is located in the far left corner at the top of the screen. It is represented by a big red
“A” button with a downward facing black arrow. Single-clicking this button opens a drop-
down menu which contains some number of the same options in the quick access
toolbar, and more.
Quick access toolbar
This is next to the application menu at the top of the screen in the title bar. The The quick
access toolbar (QAT), by default, contains icons for a number of commands, such as
New, Open, Save, Save As, Undo, Plot and Redo. Like most user interface elements, it
can be customized to meet the user’s desires.
ribbon
The Ribbon is a user interface element that contains various AutoCAD commands
arranged in panels and tabs . The tabs are quite powerful. They have panels of
commands as well as options that relate to any task at hand. For instance, if you select
a HATCH object, a contextual tab appears. The tab contains a Hatch editing command
that appears automatically.
In-editor elements
These are elements found inside the drawing panel. The user can control their visibility. In
the upper left corner are the view port controls that allow the user to alter the view and
visual styles. The View Cube, Navigation bar and the UCS icon are positioned as shown
in the figure below.
View port View Cube

controls
Navigation bar
File tabs
File tabs give access to all open documents. Each document that is open has a tab. Left-
clicking on a tab makes it the current open document. Right-clicking on a tab gives
access to more options, including Save As and Close. The tab that has a plus sign allows
the user to open a new document. File Tabs are located just below the Ribbon. The figure
below shows three File Tabs.
Layout tabs
Layout tabs give access to different Model Spaces of each Layout in any given
document. Left-clicking on a tab to makes it the current open layout. Right-clicking on a
tab gives you access to more options that include Print, Move, or Rename. The tab that
has a plus sign allows the user to create a new layout. Layout Tabs, by default, are
located at the bottom of the drawing panel below the command line, in the area
around status bar.
Status bar
Object Snap & Tracking
Object Snap: snap to existing objects on

the screen. The user can also activate
specific Object Snap during
drawing/inquiry operations by right-
clicking and selecting snap overrides.
Isodraft: superseds the ISOPLANE

command
Polar Tracking: tracks increment of the

angle that you specify (i.e. If the user set it
to 30 degrees, it will track 30, 60, 90, 120
degrees etc.)
Ortho Mode: restricts movements to

horizontal and vertical directions.
Snap Mode: snaps to increments of the

spacing that you specify (i.e. if you set it to
2 in both x, y direction, it will snap on 2, 2:
2,4: 10, 8 etc.)
Grid Display: displays grids with the

spacing that you specify
At the bottom of the screen, is the Status Bar. It contains only icons. Several icons, by
default, are not enabled, but the user can decide to turn on some of them.
Within the status bar are the Object Snap & Tracking icons which allow the user to more
specifically create points, lines and polygons.
Tip: When you hover the cursor over any icon, you will find out its purpose. The gray
ones mean the toggle is off, and blue means, the toggle is on.
The icons slightly differ on different versions of AutoCAD.
The Command Window
At the heart of AutoCAD is the Command window, which is normally docked at the
bottom of the application window. The Command window displays prompts, options,
and messages.
When the Command Window is docked, it has some fixed number of visible lines. When
floating, the command line can expand to show more data.
The Mouse
Scroll up/down to Zoom

Click - Hold - Drag to Pan
Tip: When looking for a command or option, try right clicking. Depending on where
your cursor is located, different menus will display relevant commands and
options.
SETTING YOUR AUTOCAD WORKSPACE
AutoCAD, there is an option for AutoCAD Classic that reformats the screen to represent
the old format of AutoCAD prior to 2009. This module will go through the basics using
the new AutoCAD format so leave the option at Drafting & Annotation. commands and
options.
The drafter can choose the system of
measurement. In this module, metric system will
be used. The user must set the units by typing
UNITS and the Drawing Units dialog box will
appear. Follow the settings shown on the dialog
box below.
SETTING PRECISION TOOLS
Precision tools are located on the Status Bar. At this portion, we can set the precision
settings that we are going to use in our activities. You can customize the setting
depending on how you make your drawings.
Snap Mode/Grid Mode
The Snap Mode, when turned on, will snap to increments on a rectangular grid.
By clicking the drop down button (the inverted triangle) beside the Snap Mode icon, a
submenu will appear. Click Snap Settings. Drafting Settings dialog box will appear.
Set the Snap Spacing (Snap X and Y spacing) to 1. Also, set the Grid Spacing (Grid X and
Y spacing) to 1.
Click OK.
Note: The user can change spacings later depending on their preference when
creating drawings.
Object Snap
One important precision tool in AutoCAD is the object snap

tool. It helps the drafter snap to precise locations on existing
objects, such as an endpoint of a polyline, the midpoint of a
line, or the center point of a circle.
By clicking the drop down button beside the Object Snap Icon,
a sub menu will appear.
Tip: Check only Object Snap modes that are necessary in

your drawing to avoid confusions.
AUTOCAD COORDINATE SYSTEM
Note: Before proceeding, make sure that the Absolute Coordinate system is set by
default.
To check this, type DSETTINGS on the command line. A dialog box will pop-up. Follow the
steps:
1. In the Dynamic Settings dialog box, click Dynamic Input

2. Under Pointer Input, click Settings
3. In the Pointer Input Settings, Absolute coordinates must be selected.
4. Click Ok, Then Ok to exit the dialog box.
Absolute Coordinate System
All input points specify in your drawing using standard Cartesian coordinates x and y.
Using absolute coordinate, points are entered by typing x, y <Enter>
To learn more, follow each command. Press the Enter key after each line.
Tip: Press the escape ESC to terminate active command.
Note: If you can not see your drawing, try zooming in the user interface by scrolling
up the scroll wheel of the mouse.
Command: L (shortcut for Line)

Specify first point: 0,0
Specify next point: 2,2
To terminate the command, press ESC
Your drawing must look like that on the given figure.
Note: If you cannot see the objects, it might be that the drawing area is zoomed out
extremely. Try zooming in using the scroll wheel of the mouse or press Z then E
to zoom the drawing to its extent.
Relative Coordinate System
For relative coordinates, AutoCAD does not count from 0,0. Instead, the reference point
is the previous point in the drawing. Let’s draw another line, and see what it looks like
compared to the previous one:

Specify next point: @0,1
Note: After the first point are entered, your next point can be entered by specifying
the next coordinate relative from the first point. The relative coordinate started
with symbol “@” to tell AutoCAD it was a relative coordinate. Using relative
coordinate, points are entered by typing @x,y <Enter>
Your drawing must look like the previous one.
Polar Coordinates
Polar coordinates are named for their “pole”; the reference point to start counting from,
which is similar in concept to the origin. Polar coordinates employ one radial distance
and one angle (by convention, the angle is measured counterclockwise from the x-
axis). The angle signifies the direction, and the distance is how far to go in that direction
from the pole.
Polar coordinate is used when you need to draw the next point at specified angle. Polar
coordinate system in AutoCAD specifies distance length at a specific angle. (positive x
axis as the reference zero degree). Using polar coordinate, points are entered by typing
@distance<angle <Enter>
Let’s draw lines, and see what it looks like:

Specify next point: @2.828<45
Specify next point: @1<90
Your drawing will look like the previous one.
Tip: You can click the line command in the ribbon when drawing lines. You can also
start anywhere along the drawing area, aside from point (0,0), by just left-
clicking your mouse on your preferred starting point.
Choose the letter of your answer on the following questions.
1. By default, AutoCAD has the following workspaces.2D Drafting & Annotation
a. 3D Modeling c. AutoCAD Classic
b. My workspace
2. One of the below options is wrong about the type of AutoCAD drawing units.
Which one is it?
a. Architectural c. Millimeter
b. Engineering d. Decimal
3. Which of the following settings can be made for polar tracking?
a. Increment angle c. Track using all polar angles

settings
b. Additional angles
4. Which of the following is NOT a way to enter coordinated in AutoCAD?
a. Relative c. Approximate
b. Polar d. Absolute
5. What should you pay close attention to when learning AutoCAD?
a. Command Line c. Status Bar
b. Ribbon d. Menu Bar
MODULE 2: WORKING WITH AUTOCAD
MODULE 2: WORKING WITH
AUTOCAD
In this module, the students will learn how you can access drawing, modifying and any
other tools using the Ribbon; navigate through your drawing - pan, zoom in, zoom out
and zoom - extend and apply some of the common drawing and modifying commands.
The student must have to understand that every tool might have a different way to be
use. It is difficult to remember all of the steps in each tool. That is what command window
is for.
TLO 2: Identify the basic drawing and modifying commands to create a 2D drawing using
AutoCAD
TLO 3: Produce a file in a PDF format.
AUTOCAD COMMANDS
When drawing in AutoCAD, you can type the command, into the command line at the
bottom of the screen, or click on their corresponding icons in the Ribbon. Next to each
function is the shortcut, in parentheses) you can type to make drawing more efficient.
Drawing Commands
POINT (PO)
- draws a point at anywhere you specify.
by clicking on the location or
by typing in the x-coordinate <comma> typing in the y-coordinate.
Next ☞
Draw a Line
Line (l)
- draws a line from one point to another.
Activity: Do the following commands in AutoCAD.

Specify next point: @6<-30
Specify next point: C (press C to close the polygon and terminate the command)
Your drawing will look that on the figure.
Next ☞
Draw a Polyline
Tip: In drawing a line, the user can also click on the drawing area to specify the next
point.
Polyline (PL)
- draws a line/curve with multiple control points.
Activity: Do the following commands
Delete all objects in the drawing area first by selecting all (Ctrl + A), then press the delete
key on the keyboard.
Command: PL (shortcut for polyine)
Specify next point: C (press C to close the polygon and terminate the command)
Your drawing will look that on the figure.
Tip: In drawing a line, the user can also click on the drawing area to specify the next
point.
If you hit “Esc” while drawing a polyline, the line is terminated from the last point
you clicked or entered.
If you type “cl” while drawing a polyline, it draws a line segment from your last
clicked point to the starting point (closing the shape that you were drawing).
If you type “a” while drawing a polyline, it allows you to draw an arc that are
tangent to the last segment or arc. Notice that the arc only needs two points
(starting and ending) point for the arc.
If you type “s” while drawing an arc segment, you can draw an arc that is
specified
Note: The figure might seem to be the same when using the Line command but if
you’re going to drag your mouse on the object, it is considered as one object.
Using Line command when creating polygons will create multiple objects.
Next ☞
Draw a Polygon/Rectangle
Polygon (POL)/Rectangle (REC)
Polygon (POL) draws a polygon by the number of sides
Activity: A regular polygon of ’n' can be created by following the commands.
Delete all objects in the drawing area first by selecting all (Ctrl + A), then press the delete
key on the keyboard.
1. Click the drop down beside this icon .
2. Choose Polygon .
3. Enter the number of sides: 5
4. Specify the center of the polygon: 10,10
Note: The user can also specify a center by clicking anywhere the region of the
drawing area.
5. Enter an option [Inscribe in circle/Circumscribed about circle]: I
Tip: The user can also choose ‘Inscribed in circle’ from the option
Note: If you choose “inscribed in circle”, it will draw the polygon inside a circle with
your given radius.
If you choose “circumscribed in circle”, it will draw the polygon with a circle
inside of that polygon with your given radius.
6. Specify radius of circle:10
Your drawing will look like that on the given figure.
Rectangle (REC) draws a rectangle with two corners specified. To draw a rectangle, the
user can type REC on the command bar (or click on the REC icon in the ribbon),
designate first corner of the rectangle by clicking anywhere in the drawing area and
then click again to designate the opposite corner of the rectangle
Next ☞
Draw a Circle
Circle (c)
- draws a circle centered at a point
The default option of the circle (C) command requires the user to specify a center point
and a radius.
Activity: A circle can be created by following the commands.
1. Click the button on the Ribbon.
2. Specify the center point for circle: 0,0
3. Specify the radius of circle: 5
The other circle options are available from the drop-down.
Alternatively, you can also enter CIRCLE or just C in the Command window and click to
choose an option. If you do, you can specify a center point, or you can click one of the
highlighted command options as shown below.
ARC
To create an arc, you can specify combinations of center, endpoint, start point, radius,
angle, chord length and direction values.
Activity: A circle can be created by following the commands.
Click the ARC command button in the Ribbon.

Specify start paint of arc: Click anywhere along the drawing area
Specify second point of arc: Click anywhere along the drawing area
Specify end point of arc: Click anywhere along the drawing area
To create an arc by specifying the center of the circle of which the arc is a part.
Command: ARC
Specify start paint of arc or [Center]: C
Specify center point of arc: Click anywhere along the drawing area
Specify end point of arc: Click anywhere along the drawing area
Arcs are drawn in a counterclockwise direction by default. Hold down the Ctrl
key as you drag to draw in a clockwise direction.
Hatches and fills
In AutoCAD, a hatch is a single, compound object that covers a specified area with a
pattern of lines, dots, shapes a solid fill color, or a gradient fill.
When you start the HATCH command, the ribbon temporarily displays the Hatch creation
tab. On this tab, you can choose from over 60 industry-standard imperial and ISO hatch
patterns along with many specialized options.
The simplest procedure is to choose a hatch pattern and scale from the ribbon, and click
within any area that is completely enclosed by objects. You must specify the scale factor
for the hatch in order to control its size and spacing.
After you create a hatch, you can move the bounding objects to adjust the hatch area,
or you can delete one or more of the bounding objects to create partially bounded
hatches:
Tip: if you set a solid or gradient fill hatch pattern, also consider setting a
transparency level on the Hatch Creation tab for interesting overlap effects.
Here are some examples of how you can use solid-fill hatches:
Tip: if you need to align the pattern in a hatch, which might be the case with the
decking boards above, use the Set Origin option to specify an alignment point.
Note: If an area is not completely enclosed, red circles appear to indicate potential
gaps. Enter REDRAW in the Command Window to dismiss the red circles.
When HATCH command is active, AutoCAD will display a preview of the hatch within
that enclosed area, given your settings, as you scroll over it. After clicking the HATCH icon
in the ribbon, type “t” to get to the settings.
Clicking the “…” for the Pattern option allows you to choose predefined hatches. (see
figure)
Tip: The user can adjust the angle and scale of the pattern.
For the boundaries option:
When hatching a space defined by more than one object that causes
overlapping zones, select “Add Pick points”.
When hatching a complete object, like circles, rectangle or polygon, select

“Add select object”.
Once the selections are set, you can click preview in the button on the left. Then click OK
Selecting Multiple Objects
In selecting objects one by one, you can pick the objects by clicking them one by one.
If you accidentally select the wrong object, you can deselect it by pressing the Shift key,
then clicking the object again.
In selecting multiple objects, you can click your mouse on an empty location, release it
and then drag it across the objects you want to select.
Note: Selecting multiple objects by click-and-holding then dragging your mouse will
create a custom shape selection (see figure).
Activity: To learn properly select objects, do the following commands.

Specify next point: C
Your drawing will look like the given figure.
Method 1: Window selection
In window selection, only the objects completely contained within the blue area are
selected.
DO: Click - release - drag your mouse to select objects. See the sequence indicated in
the figure below.
Note: Notice that selected objects are the objects filled by the selection.
Method 2: Crossing Selection
In crossing selection, any objects within or touching the green area are selected.
DO: Click - release - drag your mouse to select objects. See the sequence indicated in
the figure below.
Note: Notice that selected objects are the objects touched by the selection.
The result is called selection set, which is the set of objects that will be processed by the
command.
Modifying Commands
Perform editing operations such as erase, move and trim on the objects in a drawing. The
most common modifying tools are located on the Modify panel of the Home tab.
Erase (e)
- the selected objects.
To erase an object, use the ERASE command. You can enter E in the Command window,
or click the Erase tool. When you see the cursor change to a square pickbox, click each
object that you want to erase, and then press Enter or the Spacebar.
Note: Alternatively, before you enter any command, you can select several objects
and then press the Delete key.
Move & copy commands
Copy (CP)
- copies the selected objects from one place to another
Activity: Here’s how you would use the COPY command to copy objects.
1. Do the following commands (the figure should look like the given figure below):

2. Click the Copy tool or enter CP in the command window to start the command.
From here, the user can choose between two methods, depending on which is
more convenient
The Distance Method
Note: Turn on Polar Tracking and/or Ortho Mode before proceeding.
The figure needs to copied at a horizontal distance of 11 units from the point of origin. To
copy the figure:
i. Start by selecting the objects.
ii. Press Enter or Space bar key
iii. Click anywhere in the drawing area (this point does not have to be located on
the tile).
iv. Move your cursor to the right, relying on the polar tracking angle to keep the
direction horizontal.
v. Enter 10 for the distance.
vi. Press Enter or Space bar key a second time to end the command.
The two points method
Another method, one that user will often use that do not involve adding numbers
together, requires two steps.
Note: Object Snap on Endpoint must be enabled.
Enter COPY command and select the tile as before, but this time click the
endpoints as shown. These two points also define a distance and direction.
Move (m)
- moves your selected objects from one place to another
Activity: Using the previous drawing, the distance from point 1 to point 2 is 10 units. Since
it is needed to be copied at a horizontal distance of 11 units from the point of origin, the
user can use the MOVE command to move the copied object at a horizontal distance
of 1 unit.
1. Select the copied objects.
2. Click the move command icon in the ribbon or type M on the command
window.
3. Click on point 1 (see figure below) as base point.
4. Drag your mouse to the right and input 1. The figure now moves at a horizontal
distance of 1 unit to the right. (Make sure that Ortho Mode is on so that the
movement of the object will only be either horizontal or vertical)
Tip: The two points that define the distance and direction don’t need to be located
on the object that you want to copy. You can use two points specified
anywhere in your model.
Creating Multiple Copies
The user can use two-point method as a repeating sequence. For instance, the user want
to make more copies of the circle at the same horizontal distance. Enter the COPY
command and select the circle as shown.
Then, using the Center object snap, click the center of circle 1, followed by the center
of circle 2, and so on.
For larger number of copies, try experimenting with the Array option of the COPY
command. For example, here is a linear arrangement of deep foundation piles. From a
base point, you specify number of copies and the center-to-center distance.
☜ Previous Next ☞
Erase Objects Offset Objects
Offset (o) command
Most models include a lot of parallel lines and curves. Creating them is easy and efficient
with the offset command.
Activity: To learn how to use the offset command, do the following:
1. Click the offset tool icon in the ribbon (or type O in the command window).
2. Create the given figure.
Command: L
Note: If you’re drawing can not be seen, try zooming your drawing area to its extent
by pressing Z and then E.
3. If for instance, the user would like to offset the highlighted object (see figure). Do
the following commands
Command: O (shortcut for offset)

Specify offset distance: 20
Select object to offset: Select the object
Specify point on side to offset: Drag your mouse a little bit below the object.
Once a copy of the object has been
previewed, click your mouse.
Note: If you want to offset the object above, drag your mouse a little bit above the
object, then click it once the object has been previewed.
4. Click again the object that has been offset to offset it once more. Repeat the
process three times. The figure should look like this now.
Note: When using offset command:

It will prompt you for a distance to offset first. Enter in that number or click
two points on the screen giving the distance that you want.
Pick the object that you want to offset and then choose the side you
want to offset it.
If you’re offsetting the object(s) multiple times at the same distance, you
can click on the new object that was offset and click on the side you
want to continue offsetting it to.
Extend & trim commands
A popular technique is to use the OFFSET command in combination with the EXTEND and
TRIM commands. In the Command window, you can enter EX for EXTEND or TR for TRIM.
Extending and trimming are some of the most commonly used operations.
Extend (ex)
- extend objects to reach specified objects.
Activity: Using the objects drawn on the previous activity, do the following to learn how
to use the extent and trim commands.
Command: EX (shortcut for extend)
Select Objects: Select boundary edges by clicking the object.
Note: Once done selecting the boundary edges, press Enter
Select Object to extend: Select the three parallel lines to extend it

to the boundary edge.
Tip: You can click and drag your mouse to extend multiple objects at once.
Your figure should like this.
Press ESC (Pressing ESC key is often used to terminate any existing commands).
Tip: You can click and drag your mouse to extend multiple objects at once.
Trim (tr)
- trim objects using specified objects
Activity: Using the objects drawn on the previous activity, do the following to learn how
to use the extent and trim commands.
Command: TR (shortcut for trim)

Select Objects: Select cutting edge by clicking the object (See figure)
Tip: You select all objects as your cutting edges by pressing the Enter key
twice after typing TR on the command window.
Press Enter
Select Objects to Trim: Select the three parallel lines below the cutting edge.
Your figure should now look like this
Press ESC key once trimming of objects is done.
Tip: You can click and drag to select multiple objects to be trimmed.
Mirror (MI)
- mirrors objects along the line that you define.
Activity: Using the figure drawn in the previous activity, do the following commands to
learn how to use the MIRROR command.
1. Select all objects in the figure.
2. Click on the MIRROR command icon in the ribbon or type MI in the command
window.
Command: MI
Specify first point of mirror line: 220,0
Specify second point of mirror line: 220,100
Erase source objects? [Yes/No]: N
Mirror Line
Note: If you prefer to delete the source object, type Y instead of N on the last
command.
Tip: Always look for symmetry to save yourself extra work, even if the symmetry is not
100% identical
Scale (SC)
- scales objects by a given ratio.
Activity: Using the mirrored figure in the previous activity, do the following commands to
learn how to use the SCALE command.
1. Select the mirrored figure on the previous activity.
2. Click on the SCALE command icon in the ribbon or type SC in the command
window.
Command: SC
Specify first base point: 220,0
Tip: Alternatively, you can click the point in the drawing area with the
help of object snap. (see figure)
Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference]: 2
Your figure must look like this.
Note: If you prefer to scale your drawing into 1:100, type 0.01 for scale factor.
Explode (x)
- break selected complex objects such as blocks and polylines down to lines and arcs.
The EXPLODE command disassociates a compound object into its component parts. You
can explode objects such as poly lines, hatches, and blocks. (symbols).
The EXPLODE command is used by:
Select the blocks or polylines you want to explode.
Hit “esc” to finish. Select objects to ensure they were successfully broken down.
You should multiple end points for lines and arcs if successful.
After you explode a compound object, you can modify each resulting individual
object.
Fillet (f)
- connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified
radius.
The FILLET command creates a rounded corner by creating an arc that is tangent to two
selected objects. Notice that the fillet is created relative to where you select the objects.
Note: You can create a fillet between most types of geometric objects, including
lines, arcs, and poly line segments.
Activity: To learn how to use FILLET command, do the following:
Note: Before you start with this activity, delete all objects drawn in your drawing
area.
1. Draw two intersecting lines with lengths not greater than 100 units perpendicular
to each other. (see figure)
2. Click on the FILLET command icon in the ribbon or type F in the command
window.
Command: F
Note: Set the radius of the arc first before doing fillet command.
Specify first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R
Specify fillet radius: 10
Specify first object: Select the horizontal line
Specify second object: Select the vertical line
The resulting figure should look like this.
Tip: If you specify 0 (zero) as the radius of the fillet (imagine a circle shrinking to a
radius of 0), the result trims or extends the selected objects to a sharp corner.
LAYERS
Organize your drawing by assigning objects to layers.
When a drawing becomes visually complex (see figure as an example), you can hide
objects that you currently do not need to see.
In the drawing below, the doors and electrical wiring were temporarily hidden by hiding
their layers.
You gain this level of control by organizing the objects in your drawing on layers that are
associated with a specific function or purpose. It might be helpful to think of layers as
clear plastic sheets:
With layers, you can:
Associate objects by their function or location
Display or hide all objects related to a single operation
Enforce linetype, color, and other property standards for each layer
Tip: Resist the temptation to create everything on one layer. Layers are the most
important organizing feature available in AutoCAD drawings.
Layer controls
To see how a drawing is organized, use the LAYER command to open the Layer Properties
Manager. You can either enter LAYER or LA in the Command window, or you can click
the Layer Properties tool on the ribbon.
Here is a sample of what the Layer Properties Manager displays for an existing AutoCAD
drawing.
As indicated, layer 10 WALLS is the current layer. All new objects are automatically
placed on that layer. In the list of layers, green check next to layer 10 WALLS indicates
that it Is the current layer.
In the column labeled On, notice that the light bulb icons for two layers are dark. This
indicates that these layers were turned off to hide the doors and electrical wiring in the
floor plan.
Notice that each layer starts with a two-digit number. This convention makes it easy to
control order of the layers because their orders does not depend on alphabet.
Tip: For complex drawings, you might want to consider a more elaborate layer
naming standard. For example, layer names could begin with three-digit
number followed by a naming code that accommodates multiple floors in a
building, project numbers, sets of survey and property data, and so on.
Practical recommendations
Layer 0 is the default layer that exists in all drawings and has some esoteric
properties. Instead of using this layer, it’s best to create your own layers with
meaningful names.
Any drawing that contains at least one dimension object automatically includes a
reserved layer named Defpoints.
Create a layer for behind-the-scenes construction geometry, reference geometry,

and notes that you usually do not need to see or print.
Create a layer for layout viewports. Information about layout viewports is covered
in one of the modules.
Create a layer for all hatches and fills. This lets you turn them all on or off in one
action.
Layer Settings
The following are the most commonly used layer settings in the Layer Properties Manager.
Click the icon to turn the setting on and off.
Turn Off Layers: This will help reduce the visual complexity of your
drawing while you work.
Freeze Layers: Freeze layers that you do not need to access for
a while. Freezing layers is similar to turning them
off, but improves performance in very large
drawings.
Lock Layers: Locking layers prevents accidental changes to

the objects on those layers. Also, the objects on
locked layers appear faded, which helps
reduce the visual complexity of your drawing.
Set Default Properties: You can set the default properties for each
layer, including color, linetype, line weight, and
transparency. New objects that you create will
use these properties unless you override them.
Overriding layer properties is explained later in
this topic.
Controls in the layer properties manager
To create a new layer, click the button shown and enter the name of the new layer. To
make a different layer the current/active one, click the layer and then click the indicated
button.
Quick access to Layer settings
The Layer Properties Manager takes up a lot of space, and you may not always need to
access all the options. For quick access to the most common layer controls, use the
controls on the ribbon. When no objects are selected, the Layers panel on the Home tab
displays the name of the current layer as shown here.
Occasionally, check to make sure that the objects you create will be on the correct layer.
It’s easy to forget to do this, but it’s also easy to set. Click the drop-down arrow to display
a list of layers, and then click a layer on the list to make it the current layer. You can also
click on any layer setting icon in the list to change its setting.
Creating Layers
Layers organize your drawing, enabling you to temporarily hide unneeded graphical
data. You can also assign default properties such as color and linetype to each layer.
Activity: To learn how to create layers for your drawing, do the following steps:
1. On the Ribbon, click on Layer Properties (you can also type Layer) Layer
Properties Manager.
2. Click the New Layer Button or press Alt + N to create new layer. Upon clicking,
new layer is created and the first thing you need to do is to Rename the layer.
3. Rename the layer to “DIM”
4. To change the default color of the objects under a specific layer, click the color
icon on the Color column . The Color dialog box will pop-up.
Select the color you prefer for a specific layer. Click OK when done.
5. To change the default Lineweight (thickness) of an object on a specific layer,
click the line on the lineweight column . Lineweight dialog box will pop-
up.
Choose the desired default lineweight for a specific layer. Click OK when done.
6. To delete a layer, select a layer by clicking it and click the Delete Layer button
. You can also right click a specific layer to display different options and
choose Delete Layer.
7. Click the X button to exit Layer Properties Manager when done.
PROPERTIES
You can assign properties such as color and linetype to individual objects, or as default
properties assigned to layers.
In the following drawing, the walls, exterior stone facing, doors, fixtures, cabinetry, HVAC,
electrical, and text were created using different colors to help differentiate them.
The Properties palette
The properties is an essential tool. You can open it with PROPERTIES command (enter PR
in the command window), you can press Ctrl + 1, or you can click the tiny arrow in the
Properties panel on the Home tab - whichever you prefer.
The Properties palette displays a list of all the important property settings. You can click
any of the available fields to change the current settings. In the following example, if no
objects are selected, the current color will be changed from ByLayer to Red and the UCS
icon will be turned off.
Verify and change object properties
You can use the Properties palette to verify and change property settings for selected
objects. If you click an object in your drawing to select it, here is what you might see in
the Properties palette.
Notice that the current properties for the selected object are displayed in the palette.
You can change any of these properties by clicking and changing the setting.
A property that is set to “ByLayer” inherits its setting from the layer. In the previous
example, the objects that were created on the 20 ELECTRICAL layer are purple because
that is the default color of the objects on that layer.
If you select several objects, only their common properties are listed in the Properties
palette. If you change one of these properties, all the selected objects will change in
one operation. Selecting objects is covered in more detail in the Modifying topic.
Note: To clear the current selection, press ESC key.
Quick Access to property settings
The Properties palette can take up a lot of space. For quick access to the most common
properties, use the Properties panel. As you can see in this example, the listed properties
will all be determined by the current layer.
The Properties panel works the same way as the Properties palette. When you select an
object, the current property settings are replaced by the properties assigned to the
selected object, and you can use this panel to easily change the properties of one or
more selected objects.
Match the properties of objects
For a fast way to copy the properties of a selected object to other objects, use the Match
Properties tool, or enter MATCHPROP or MA in the Command window.
Select the source object, and then select all of the objects that you want to modify.
Linetypes
Dashed and other non-continuous linetypes are assigned from the Properties panel. You
must first load a linetype before you can assign it.
In the Linetype drop-down list, click Other.
This action displays the Linetype Manager dialog box.
Perform the following steps in order:
1. Click Load. Choose one or more linetypes that you want to use. Notice that
dashed (non-continuous) linetypes come in several preset sizes.
2. Click Show/Hide details to display additional settings.
3. Specify a different “global scale factor” for all linetypes—the larger the value, the
longer the dashes and spaces. Click OK.
4. Once you’ve loaded the linetypes that you plan to use, you can select any
object and specify a linetype from the Properties panel or the Properties palette.
Alternatively, you can specify a default linetype for any layer in the Layer
Properties Manager.
Lineweights
The Lineweight property provides a way to display different thicknesses for selected
objects. The thickness of the lines remains constant regardless of the scale of the view. In
a layout, lineweights are always displayed and printed in real-world units. Lineweights
can also be assigned from the Properties panel.
You can leave the lineweight set to ByLayer, or you can specify a value that overrides
the layer’s lineweight. In some cases, the lineweight previews look the same because
they are displayed in approximated pixel widths on a monitor. However, they will print at
the correct thickness.
To control the display of lineweights, click the Lineweight Settings button at the bottom
of the lineweight list. In the Lineweight Settings dialog box, you can choose whether you
want to display or hide lineweights.
Regardless of the display setting, lineweights will always be printed at the correct scale.
Tip: It’s usually best to leave lineweights turned off while you work. Heavy lineweights
can obscure nearby objects when you use object snaps. You might want to turn
them on for checking purposes just before you print.
BLOCKS
Insert symbols and details into your drawings from commercial online sources or from your
own designs.
In AutoCAD, a block is a collection of objects that are combined into a single named
object. The following are some sample blocks at various scales.
Some of these blocks are realistic representations of objects, some are symbols, and one
of them is an architectural title block for a D-size drawing.
Insert a block
Typically, each of these blocks is an individual drawing file, perhaps saved in a folder with
similar drawing files. When you need to insert one into your current drawing file, use the
INSERT command (or enter I in the Command window).
The first time you insert the drawing as a block, you must click Browse to locate the
drawing file. Make sure you organize your blocks into easy-to-find folders.
Once inserted, the block definition is stored in your current drawing. From then on, you
can choose it from the Name drop- down list without needing to click the Browse button.
Tip: The default settings in the insert dialog box are usually acceptable. After you
choose the block name, click OK, and then specify its location in your drawing.
You can rotate it later if necessary.
Notice that when you insert a block, it is attached to your cursor at the point indicated.
This location is called the insertion point. By default, the insertion point is the origin point
(0,0) of the original drawing.
After inserting the block, you can select it and a grip appears. You can easily move and
rotate this block using this grip.
Note: Inserting a drawing file as a block provides a static reference to the

specified drawing. For a reference that automatically updates, you can
attach the drawing with External Reference palette (XREF command)
instead.
In the following example, a drawing file is inserted into the current drawing to provide a
standard detail view.
Create a block definition
Instead of creating a drawing file to be inserted as a block, you might want to create a
block definition directly in your current drawing. Use this method if you do not plan to
insert the block into any other drawing. In that case, use the BLOCK command to create
the block definition.
For example, this is how you could create a module for a cubicle design.
1. Create the objects for the block. Use all the necessary drawing and modifying
commands discussed in this module.
2. Start the BLOCK command.
3. Enter a name for the block, in this case name it ‘Quad-Cube’
4. Select the objects that you created for the block (Click 1 and 2).
5. Specify the insertion point.
After creating the block definition, you can insert, copy and rotate the block as needed.
Using the EXPLODE command, you can explode a block into its component objects if you
need to make changes.
In the illustration below, the cubicle on the right was exploded and modified.
Recommendations
You can create an individual drawing file for each block that you intend to use. You
save these drawing files in folders, each of which would contain a family of related
drawing files.
You can include the block definitions for title blocks and common symbols in your
drawing template files to make them available immediately when starting a new
drawing.
You can create several drawing files, which are sometimes called block library
drawings. Each of these drawings contains a family of related block definitions.
When you insert a block library drawing into your current drawing, all the blocks that
are defined in that drawing become available.
LAYOUTS
Display one or more scaled views of your design on a standard- size drawing sheet called
a layout.
After you finish creating a model at full size, you can switch to a paper space layout to
create scaled views of the model, and to add notes, labels, and dimensions. You can
also specify different linetypes and line widths for display in paper space.
Model space and paper space
As you know, you create the geometry of your model in model space.
Originally, this was the only space available in AutoCAD. All notes, labels, dimensions,
and the drawing border and title block were also created and scaled in the model
space.
After paper space was introduced, you could click a layout tab to access a space
designed specifically for layouts and scaling. In the following illustration, paper space is
active.
There are currently only two objects in paper space: a drawing border block, and a single
layout viewport, which displays a view of model space.
Specifying the paper size of a layout
The first thing you should do when you access a layout tab;
1. is right-click the tab;
2. and rename it;
3. to something more specific than Layout 1.
4. Next, open the Page Setup Manager to change the paper size displayed in the
layout tab.
Note: You might be wondering why there are two entries in the list for every sheet
size. This is because some printers and plotters do not recognize the drawing
orientation setting.
Layout viewports
A layout viewport is an object that is created in paper space to display a scaled view of
model space. You can think of it as a closed-circuit TV monitor that displays part of model
space. In the illustration, model space is active and accessible from within the current
layout viewport.
In a layout, when model space is active, you can pan and zoom, and anything else that
you could do on the Model tab. For example, let’s say that you created a backyard deck
design in model space, and now you want to lay out and print your design from a layout
tab.
The view in the layout viewport is not yet set to the correct scale.
Note: You can switch between paper space and model space by double clicking
inside or outside the layout viewport.
You can use the MVIEW (make view) command to create additional layout
viewports in paper space. With several layout viewports, you can display
several views of model space at the same or at different scales.
NOTES AND LABELS
Create notes, labels, bubbles, and callouts. Save and restore style settings by name.
You can create general notes using the MTEXT command (or enter MT in the Command
window), which stands for multiline text. The multiline text tool is available on the
Annotation panel.
After you start the MTEXT command, you are prompted to create a “text box” with two
diagonal clicks.
After you specify the text box, the In-Place Editor is displayed and you can easily change
the length and width of the note before, during, or after typing the text.
All the usual controls are available in the In-Place Editor, including tabs, indents, and
columns. Also notice that when you start the MTEXT command, the ribbon temporarily
changes, displaying many options such as text styles, columns, spell checking, and so on.
To exit the text editor after you finish entering the text, click anywhere outside it.
To edit a note, simply double-click it to open the text editor.
Tip: You can use the Properties palette to control the text style used for one or more
selected multiline text objects. For example, after selecting five notes that use
different styles, click the Style column and choose a style from the list.
Create a text style
As with several other annotation features, multiline text provides a lot of settings. You can
save these settings as a text style using the STYLE command, and then you can access
the text styles you’ve saved by clicking the drop-down arrow on the Annotation panel.
The current text style is displayed at the top of the drop-down list.
To create a new text style, click the Text Style control as shown.
When you create a new text style, you will give it a name and then choose a font and a
font style. The order in which you click the buttons is shown below:
Tip: Save any new or changed text styles in your drawing template files. This will save
you time by making them available in all new drawings.
DIMENSIONS
Create several types of dimensions and save dimension settings by name.
Here is an example of several types of dimensions using an architectural dimension style

with imperial units.
Linear dimensions
You can create horizontal, vertical, aligned, and radial dimensions with the DIM
command. The type of dimension depends on the object that you select and the
direction that you drag the dimension line.
The following illustration demonstrates one method for using the DIM command. Once
you start the command, press Enter or the Spacebar, select the line (1), and then click
the location of the dimension line (2).
For the 8’-0” dimension below, you use another method. You start the DIM command,
click two endpoints (1 and 2) and then the location of the dimension line (3). To line up
the dimension lines point 3 was snapped to the endpoint of the previously created
dimension line.
Use the DIM command to create dimensions that are parallel to an object by dragging
the dimension line at an angle rather than horizontally or vertically.
Tip: If points 1 and 2 are not on the same horizontal line, press Shift to force the
dimension line to be horizontal. In addition, if the building or part being
dimensioned is at an angle, enter DIMROTATED for that case.
Note: Because it is easy to accidentally snap to the wrong feature or part of a

dimension object, be sure to zoom in closely enough to avoid mistakes.
Modify dimensions
For simple adjustments to dimensions, nothing is faster than using grips.
In this example, you select the dimension to display its grips. Next, click the grip on the
dimension text and drag it to a new location, or click one of the grips at the end of the
dimension line and drag the dimension line.
Tip: If changes are more complicated than this, it might be faster simply to delete
and recreate the dimension.
Dimension styles
Dimension styles help establish and enforce drafting standards. There are many
dimension variables that can be set with the DIMSTYLE command to control virtually every
nuance of the appearance and behavior of dimensions. All these settings are stored in
each dimension style.
The default dimension style is named either Standard (imperial) or ISO-25 (metric). It is
assigned to all dimensions until another style is set as the current dimension style.
The current dimension style name, Hitchhiker in this case, is displayed in the drop-down
list of the Annotation panel.
To open the Dimension Style Manager, click the indicated button. You can create
dimension styles that match nearly any standard, but you will need to invest time into
specifying them completely. For this reason, you should save any dimension styles that
you create in one or more drawing template files.
Recommendations
When you name a dimension style, choose a descriptive name.
Reference: Learn About AutoCAD
It is standard practice to include a title block on each page of a set of blueprints. It is
typically located in the bottom right-hand corner of the drawing frame. However, many
firms are using customized sheets that extend the title block from the lower right to the
upper right hand side of the sheet.
Here is a sample of a blue print with a title block.

Source
Schenck House
ACTIVITY NO. 1
Equipments
Computer or Laptop with installed AutoCAD software.
Procedures
1. Save your file with a filename CODE_#LASTNAME. (Code is the four-digit class
code, # is your class number to be provided by the instructor. Letters should be
typed in ALL CAPS.)
2. Create four layers (see how to create layers) and follow the specifications given
below.
Layer Name Lineweight Color
0.3 Subtitle 0.3 Choose your own color
0.5 Title 0.5 Choose your own color
0.5 Sub-margin Lines 0.5 Color no. 72
0.8 Margin Lines 0.8 White
Note: Avoid choosing Light colors, such as yellow. White color in AutoCAD is
printed in black.
3. Title Block will be created on the Layout1 tab.
i. Rename Layout1 by right-clicking it and choose Rename. Rename it to

PN01
ii. Once you open the Layout1 tab, a default paper size and viewport is
shown.
Viewport
iii. Select the viewport by clicking it and erase it by pressing the delete
key.
4. Before starting drawing the title block template, here are some necessary settings
that are needed to be done.
e. Set the paper size, orientation and the plot scale of your drawing.
i. Hover your mouse on the Layout1 button and right-click it.
ii. Choose Page Setup Manager. Page Setup Manager dialog box will
appear.
iii. Click on the Modify… button. Page Setup - Layout1 dialog box will
appear.
iv. Under Paper size menu, click the drop down (arrow down) button and
choose ISO A3 (420.00 x 297.00 MM).
v. Under Plot Scale menu, follow the setting on the given figure.
vi. Under the Drawing Orientation menu, choose Landscape.
vii. Click OK.
viii. Click Close on the Page Setup Manager dialog box.
f. Setting the default font name and text height of your Notes and Labels.
i. On the Annotation panel of the Ribbon, click the drop-down button.
ii. Click the text style button . Text Style dialog box will open.
iii. Under Font Name, choose ‘Century Gothic’.
iv. Under Height, input 4.0.
v. Click Apply, then Close.
g. Setting the Active Layer of your drawing
i. On the Layer panel of the Ribbon, click the drop-down button and
choose 0.8 Margin Lines as the active layer by clicking it.
Note: All objects to be drawn will be on the current active layer.

Before setting an active layer, there must be no existing commands or
selected objects. Press ESC key to terminate existing commands and
deselect objects.
h. Moving object/s to another layer.
i. Select the object/s.
ii. On the Layer panel of the Ribbon, click the drop-down button and
choose the layer for the object/s.
iii. Press ESC key when done.
Note: This will not make the chosen layer active. Instead, it will only move the
objects to the specified layer. After pressing the ESC, the active layer will still
be the layer before moving the objects to another layer.
i. Inputting text using MTEXT command.
Tip: Zoom in your drawing area to where you are going to input texts. You can scroll
down or scroll up the wheel of your mouse or you can zoom to a specified area
by pressing Z key (shortcut for ZOOM command), then click and drag your
mouse on a specific area.
Tip: Turning on Object Snap is recommended when setting the dimension of the text
box.
i. After zooming to the specified area, click the MTEXT icon on the Ribbon
or type MT (shortcut for MTEXT) command.
ii. Specify the corners of your text box by clicking 1 then 2 (see figure).
iii. Once the dimensions are set, type box will appear.
Note: The ribbon will automatically change after setting the dimensions or when
editing text.
iv. In type box, type SCHOOL.
v. Select all by pressing Ctrl + A.
vi. In the Ribbon, change the text height to 3.0.
vii. Under the paragraph panel, click on Justification.
viii. Choose Middle Center.
Note: This will make sure that the text will be located at the middle center of the
text box you selected.
ix. Press anywhere outside the type box to exit text editor.
Note: Do not yet exit the editor if you did not yet set the justification to Middle
Center. You cannot change the justification to Middle Center once you exit
the text editor. But you can still change the text height, font name, etc.
5. Using the different drawing and modifying commands that were discussed,
create the title block shown in the following figure.
Title Template
Note: Be sure to move the objects to their respective layers.

Black - 0.8 Margin Lines
Green - 0.3 Sub-Margin Lines
Blue Green - 0.3 Subtitle
Blue - 0.5 Title
6. Change the following inputs
Plate No - Title to 1 <Enter> TITLE TEMPLATE
Date Performed
Date Submitted
7. Create a Block for your Title Template so that you can re-use it again on the
succeeding activities.
i. On the Block panel in the Ribbon, Click the Create Block icon. Block
Definition dialog box will appear.
ii. Name the block as Title Template.
iii. Under Objects menu, click Select Objects icon .
iv. Select all objects (see Selecting Multiple Objects).
v. Click OK.
Note: To check if you are successful in creating a block, click the Insert icon on
the Block panel in the Ribbon. You should see the Title Template Block.
8. Export your work as a PDF file.
i. In the Ribbon, click on Output menu.
ii. Click the Export drop-down menu, then choose PDF.
iii. Save the file with a filename CODEPN01_#LASTNAME. Code is your class
code. # will be your class number provided by the instructor. All letters
should be written in ALL CAPS. (e.g. 3501PN01_03SMITH)
9. Save your work.
Take a look at the given figures. [Source]
A geometric pattern is a motif, pattern or design depicting abstract,

nonrepresentational shapes such as lines circles, ellipse, triangles, rectangles and
polygons.
ACTIVITY NO. 2
Procedures
1. Open the first activity file (CODE_#LASTNAME).
Tip: Be sure to always back up your file to be safe in case of file corruption.
2. Plate no. 2 will be created on Layout2 tab.
i. Rename Layout2 tab to PN02.
ii. Set the paper size, orientation and plot scale of your drawing. (refer to
the previous module for a step-by-step guide in this setting.)
3. Insert the Title Template block you created on the previous module.
i. Under Block panel in the Ribbon, choose Insert and select the Title
Template Block.
ii. Specify Insertion Point: 0,0
Plate No - Title to 2 <Enter> GEOMETRIC PATTERN PART I
Date Performed
Date Submitted
5. Create four additional layers and follow the specifications given below.
Layer Name Lineweight Color
0.09 Construction Lines 0.09 Color No. 9
0.2 Drawing Lines 0.2 Choose your color
6.
Note: Avoid choosing Light colors, such as yellow.

The colors shown in the figure are for reference only. It is not needed to be
exactly the same to your drawing since you will be the one choosing your
own colors on some layers.
7. Create the drawing.
i. Make the 0.09 Construction Lines layer as the active layer.
ii. Draw a diagonal line whose endpoints are the diagonal corners of the
margin (see figure)
iii. Draw lines that divides your drawing area into four(4) equal rectangles.
(see figure)
iv. Offset the horizontal center line three times downward and five times
upward with an offset distance of 10. Similarly, offset the vertical center
line three times to the right and five times to the left with an offset
distance of 10. (See figure)
v. Select 0.6 Drawing Lines as you active layer.
Tip: In the Object Snap tool, make sure that Endpoint and Intersection are checked.
Uncheck all unnecessary options.
vi. Zoom in at the center of your drawing and start drawing the figure below.
Note: By default, lineweight is disabled. If you prefer to show lineweight while

working, type LW (shortcut for LINEWEIGHT) in the command window.
Lineweight Settings dialog box will appear. Check the box beside Display
Lineweight and click OK.
Tip: Enable Display Lineweight for checking purposes only.
vii. Select 0.4 Drawing Lines as your active layer, then continue drawing the
pattern by adding the objects shown in the figure.
viii. Freeze the 0.09 Construction Lines layer (see Layer Settings).
ix. Zoom your drawing to its extent (Press Z - Enter - E - Enter).
x. Using the copy (CO) command, copy the figure by selecting all objects
in the figure then making point A as your base point and copy it to point
B. (see figure)
B
A
Note: Copy objects properly by specifying the right base point. In that way, your
drawings will be more precise.
xi. Repeat copying until the figure fills up the entire drawing area. (see
figure)
xii. Trim objects that went beyond the margin lines. (see figure)
xiii. Unfreeze the 0.09 Construction Lines layer and zoom your drawing to
the location shown in the figure.
xiv. Make 0.2 Drawing Lines as the active layer then draw the given figure.
xv. Zoom your drawing to its extent (Press Z - Enter - E - Enter).
xvi. Copy the previous drawing on the locations as shown in the figure. Make
it accurate by specifying the right base point of the object to be copied.
xvii. Finalize the geometric pattern by trimming object lines that went beyond
the border line.
8. Export the drawing in PDF format with a file name CODEPN02_#LASTNAME. (e.g.
3501PN02_03SMITH)
9. Save your work.
Hands-on Activity: Try selecting objects and use Ctrl + C shortcut keys to copy selected
objects and Ctrl + V shortcut keys to paste the selected objects. Notice the difference
between using the shortcut keys Ctrl + C and the COPY command.
Using the shortcut keys Ctrl + C will not let you specify a base point when copying objects.
1. The origin of a drawing is at:
a. The first point you select c. 0,0
b. A random point in space
2. How many objects are in a rectangle?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
3. Pressing Shift while you are selecting will:
a. Allow you to draw a window c. Remove the next selected

object from the set.
b. Automatically delete the
object(s) d. None of the above
4. How do you select objects with a Crossing Selection?
a. Draw a window from up to down
b. Draw a window from left to right
c. Draw a window from right to left
5. How many layers should a drawing have?
a. As many as needed c. 1 or 2
b. 4 d. Not needed
6. From which direction does AutoCAD start measuring angles
a. 12 o’clock c. 3 o’clock
b. 9 o’clock d. 6 o’clock
7. When drawing in 2D, what axis do you NOT work with?
a. X c. Z
b. Y d. None of the above
8. Is 300 degrees the same as -60 degrees in a drawing?
a. No c. It depends upon your drawing
b. Yes
9. Which keystrokes will UNDO a command?
a. Alt + U c. Alt + Y
b. Ctrl + U d. Ctrl + Y
10. When using the TRIM command, which do you select first?
a. The cutting edges c. The object to be trimmed
b. Everything
11. How long is a line from 1,4 to 4,4?
a. Can’t easily tell c. 3 units
b. 4 units
12. To move something four units to the right, what would be the 2nd point of
displacement?
a. 4, 0 c. @4,0
b. @4.0
13. The following are some of the properties and settings that you can save in a
layout, except _____.
a. Plot scale c. Lineweight
b. Paper size d. Drawing orientation
14. You can set viewport scale factor by _____.
a. Typing VSCALE c. Typing VIEWPORTSCALE
b. Typing VPSCALE d. None of the above
15. Double clicking on a text object allows you to change its layer.
a. Only if it is on the TEXT layer c. Yes
b. No d. Depends on the text
16. Copy command also creates Multiple copies of an object. True/False?
a. True
b. False
17. It is recommended to use the shortcut keys Ctrl + C to copy objects in AutoCAD.
a. True
b. False
18. In order to copy an object, ___.
a. Select a base point, followed by a point to define where the object is copied
to
b. Use the displacement option
c. Use Ctrl + C shortcut keys
d. All of the above.
19. In order to move an object, ___.
a. Select a base point, followed by a point to define where the object is moving
to
b. Use the displacement option
c. Select an object for grips, then move
d. All of the above.
20. To invoke the ZOOM command transparently, type ___
a. @Z
b. Z
c. :Z
21. Which is NOT a valid ZOOM option
a. All
b. Previous
c. Next
22. Why should you use ZOOM tools?
a. To be faster
b. To be more accurate
c. All
23. If you want to see all of the objects drawn in your entire drawing area, what zoom
option is the best to use.
a. ZOOM - ALL
b. ZOOM - EXTENT
c. ZOOM then specify window corners
24. If you want to offset an object multiple times with the same distance:
a. Type the OFFSET command, select the object and offset it
b. Type the OFFSET command, specify offset distance, select the object and
offset it. Repeat the process multiple times.
c. None of the above
25. Why should you disable some of the object snap tools when drawing?
a. In a complex drawing, the object snap automatically detects the point you
want to specify.
b. In a complex drawing, the object snap detects the nearest point to the cursor.
c. In a complex drawing, some of the object snap tool might not work.
MODULE 3: CREATING COMPLEX
DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD
MODULE 3: CREATING COMPLEX
DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD
In this module, the student will learn apply appropriate AutoCAD commands to create a
more complex drawings. Aided by technology, artists today can challenge almost
everything. Optical illusion artist of today creates 3D illusionistic paintings and geometric
figures that decorate the streets, the buildings or even the human body. Practice makes
perfect - you will get better with a lot of practice. Practice makes perfect - you will get
better with a lot of practice.
TLO 4: Apply appropriate drawing and modifying commands to create s more complex
electronic drawings.
TLO 5: Use the model tab and output the drawings in layout tab using VIEWPORTS
Take a look at the given figure. [Source]
How do you think artists’ play with optical illusion art begin at all?
Artists have been intrigues by the nature of perception and the behavior of the eye for
many centuries. Different effects used to trick the eye, and the famous illusion art, that
saw its beginning in Op art and Kinetic art, aim to confuse the public’s eye and play with
our perception of the world around us.
Also, take a look at the given figure. [Source]
The figure is referred to as the Figure Amoris and it consists of interlocking squares,
circles, and straight lines. Related figures, such as the given one, are also referred to as
Geometric art. In the literature, this art form is sometimes ca
ACTIVITY NO. 3
Procedures
2. Plate no. 3 will be created on another Layout tab.
i. Click on the New Layout (+) button and rename the new Layout tab to
PN03.
the module 2 for a step-by-step guide in this setting.)
Template Block.
Plate No - Title to 3 <Enter> GEOMETRIC PATTERN PART II
Date Performed
Date Submitted
5. Create the drawing.
i. Locate the center of your drawing area using Construction Lines.
Note: Construction Lines are part of the solution. Do not erase it.
ii. Draw a triangle using POL command.
Command: POL
Enter number of sides: 3
Specify center of polygon: Click on the center of your drawing
area.
Enter an option [Inscribed in circle, Circumscribed about circle]:
select inscribed in circle: I
Specify radius of circle: 100
iii. Offset the triangle inward twice with an offset distance of 2.
iv. Move the outermost, middle and innermost triangle to 0.6 Drawing
Lines, 0.4 Drawing Lines, and 0.2 Drawing Lines layers, respectively. (see
figure)
v. Offset the outermost triangle inward eight (8) times with an offset
distance of 6. (see figure)
vi. Offset the second triangle (from the outermost) inward seven (7) times
with an offset distance of 6. (see figure)
Tip: Turn off Object Snap temporarily so that objects to be offset will not snap to a
specific points.
vii. Offset the third triangle (from the outermost) inward seven (7) times with
an offset distance of 6. (see figure)
viii. Rotate the second outermost triangle (press Enter key every after line)
Tip: Turn on Object Snap
Command: RO
Select Objects: Select the second outermost triangle
Specify base point: Click on the center of your
drawing area.
Specify rotation angle: 1
ix. Repeat step viii for the succeeding triangles but with an incremental
rotation angle of 1. (i.e. The third outermost triangle will have a rotation
angle of 2. The fourth outermost triangle will have a rotation angle of 3.
The fifth outermost triangle will have a rotation angle of 4. And so on…)
Note: The last rotation angle is 24.
x. Draw construction lines as shown in the figure.
xi. Draw a circle whose center is located at the midpoint of the diagonal
line and with a radius of 20.
xii. Offset the circle inward twice with an offset distance of 2.
xiii. Move the outermost, middle and innermost circle to 0.6 Drawing Lines,
0.4 Drawing Lines, and 0.2 Drawing Lines layers, respectively. (see figure)
xiv. Offset the outermost circle inward three (3) times with an offset
distance of 6. Do the same for the second and third outermost circles.
xv. Move the second outermost circle upward such that it is tangent to the
outermost circle.
Command: M
Select Objects: Select the second outermost circle
Specify base point: (see figure)
Specify second point: (see figure)
xvi. Repeat step xv by moving all inner circles to a common point. The
resulting figure should look like this.
xvii. Zoom-All your drawing (Press Z - Enter - A - Enter).
xviii. Select all the circles.
xix. Use array to copy it in a circular direction.
Command: AR (shortcut for ARRAY command)

Enter array type [Rectangular/PAth/POlar]: PO
Specify center point of array: Click on the center of your drawing
area.
Change the number of items to 3 in the ribbon. The resulting figure
should look like this.
xx. The figure is finished.
3501PN03_03SMITH)
7. Save your work.
Hands-on Activity: Try using other array option such as the rectangular and path array.
Notice how AutoCAD copies the selected figure. In addition, experiment on changing
the settings such as the number of items once array has been executed.
ACTIVITY NO. 4
Procedures
2. Plate no. 4 will be on another Layout tab but figures will be created on the Model
tab.
PN04.
Template Block.
Plate No - Title to 4 <Enter> GEOMETRIC FIGURES
Date Performed
Date Submitted
5. Create the drawing
Note: Before proceeding, make the 0.09 Construction Lines layer as the active
layer.
Tip: Turning on Object Snap is recommended.
i. Click on the Model and create a rectangle with dimensions 154.5 x 115.5
units.
Command: REC
Specify first corner point: 0,0
Specify other corner point: 154.5,115.5
ii. Locate the center of the of rectangle by either dividing it to 4 equal
rectangles or drawing the diagonals. (see figure)
iii. Draw the necessary construction lines to to be able to create the given
figure.
Note: The measurement in the given figure will be your guide in creating your
construction lines.
Tip: Utilize all tools available in the Ribbon
Since the given figure is symmetrically equal side-by-side, we can divide

it lengthwise, draw half of it at use MIRROR command to draw the other
half.
A sample construction line guide is given below:
• The construction lines are drawn using the OFFSET command (see
figure)
• Now draw the circles involve in the given figures. (see figure)
iv. Start drawing of the given figure.
Note: Use 0.6 Drawing Lines layer for the outline of the figure.
Use 0.4 Drawing Lines layer for the inside objects of the figure.
v. Use FILLET command to curve up edges of the figure. Based on the

given figure, fillet radius is 15 units.
Command: FILLET
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R
Select first object or: Click the highlighted object in the figure
Specify second object: Click the highlighted object in the figure
The figure should now look like this.
Now, fillet the bottom corner such that the figure will look like this.
vi. Freeze the 0.09 Construction Lines layer
vii. Finalize the figure by mirroring the objects using MIRROR command.
Command: MI
Select object: Select all objects
Specify first point of mirror line: Click on point 1 (see figure)
Specify second point of mirror line: Click on point 2 (see figure)
1
Erase source objects?: N

viii. Unfreeze the 0.09 Construction Lines layer. The final figure should look
like this.
6. Copy the outer rectangle and stack it as shown in the figure.
7. Do the following figures in the Model tab.
i.
ii.
iii.
Note: The colors in all the figure are for your reference only. Colors in your
drawings will follow your chosen color in 0.6 Drawing Lines, 0.4 Drawing Lines
and 0.2 Drawing Lines layer.
8. Create viewports in the layout tab.
Note: Creating viewports in the layout tab will give the users more control in
organizing their drawings.
i. Go to PN04 layout.
ii. Choose 0 layer as the active layer.
iii. In the command window, type the VIEWPORTS command then press the
Enter key. Viewports dialog box will pop-up.
iv. Under Standard viewports menu, choose Four: Equal. Click OK.
v. Specify the corners of the viewports by clicking (1) then (2). (see figure)
1
Note: After clicking the corners, The layout tab will now look like the given figure
below.
Note: There are now two modes in the layout tab - Paper mode and Model
mode. To determine which mode is active, check on the status bar, if it says
MODEL, then you are editing in the model tab. If it says Paper, then you are
editing in the layout tab
If you are editing in MODEL mode, all objects you will add or edit in the
figure will also be seen in the Model tab.
If you are editing in PAPER mode, all objects you will add or edit in the figure
can only be edited in that layout.
Tip: To switch between modes, double click inside the area of the model if you
prefer to make the MODEL mode active. Double click outside the area of the
model if you prefer to make the PAPER mode active.
Press ESC key to terminate active commands before switching modes.
PAPER MODE is active Bottom left viewport is active (MODEL mode)
Top right viewport is active (MODEL mode)
9. Set the standard scale of each view port.
i. In PN04 layout, make sure that PAPER mode is active.
ii. Hover your cursor on the edge of the bottom left viewport. When it
highlights, single click it. (see figure)
Note: At this point, PAPER mode is still active. You just selected one viewport and it
does not make the MODEL mode active.
iii. Open the Properties palette by typing PROP in the command window.
Properties dialog box will pop-up.
iv. In the properties palette, specify a standard scale of 1:1. This will scale
the selected viewport into its actual measurements. (see figure)
v. Double click the selected viewport (bottom-left) to make MODEL space
active.
vi. Pan your drawing such that the bottom left figure in the Model tab is
the only figure seen on that viewport.
Note: Avoid zooming in or out while panning the figure because this will change
the standard scale you set.
Tip: Panning inside the MODEL space before setting the standard scale is also
applicable. This is advantageous when you have a complex drawing in the
Model space.
vii. Repeat steps (9.i - 9.vi) on the remaining viewports.
10. The final drawing will look like this,
3501PN04_03SMITH)
12. Save your work.
Hands-on Activity: Try experimenting on the HATCH command. Apply HATCH on closed
boundaries of your figures. You can insert hatches in PAPER mode and MODEL mode.
Vary the different settings and see what will happen.
ACTIVITY NO. 5
Procedures
tab.
PN05.
Template Block.
Plate No - Title to 5 <Enter> SURVEYOR’S QUANTITY
Date Performed
Date Submitted
5. Click Model tab. You will see your drawings in the previous activity.
6. Set the default unit of your drawing using the UN (unit) command.
i. Type UN in the command window then press the Enter key. Drawing Units
dialog box will pop-up.
ii. Under the Angle menu, click the drop-down button of the Type option
and select Surveyor’s Units.
iii. Click the drop-down button of the Precision option and choose N
0d00’00” E.
Note: You can now create object lines by specifying the length and the direction
of the line.
7. Do the hands-on examples before doing the actual activity.
Hands-on Example 1: In an empty space of your drawing area (far from your
previous activity drawing), do the following.
Command: L
Specify first corner point: Click anywhere
Specify other corner point: @20<n30d45’34”w
A line with a length of 20 units and direction of N 30° 45’ 34” W is drawn. (see figure)
Tip: If you can not see the line, the object might be to small to be seen. Try
zooming to a specific portion of your drawing area by pressing Z and
specifying the corners of the area you want to zoom in.
Hands-on Example 1: In an empty space of your drawing area (far from your
previous activity drawing), draw the following lines given its length and directions.
Click anywhere the drawing area as your starting point and each endpoint is the
starting point of the next line.
Tip: Try zooming in, zooming out and panning in your drawing using your
mouse to see the whole figure while working on it.
LINE DISTANCE BEARING COMMAND
1-2 85.00 DUE EAST @85<E
2-3 43.00 N 44O 23 ’E @43<n44d23’e
3-4 30.00 N 75O 01 ’E @30<n75d1’e
4-5 46.00 N 15O E @46<n15de
LINE DISTANCE BEARING COMMAND
5-6 106.00 N 61O 14’ 23’’ W @106<n61d14’23”w
6-7 62.00 S 35O 56 ’W @62<s35d56’w
7-8 40.50 S 12O W @40.5<s12dw
8-9 77.25 N 79O W @77.25<n79dw
9-0 39.00 S 20O 13’ 45’’ E @39<s20d13’45”E
0-1 49.4058 S 63O 13’ 59’’ E C
Tip: Always use the CLOSE (C) command when you are about to close
the polygon. This will ensure that the figure formed is a closed
polygon.
The figure should look like this.
After finishing the drawing, determine the area and the outside perimeter of the
region bounded by the figure.
Note: Before determining the area of a region, its borders must be a

single object.
Make the boundary objects united as a single object.
i. Type REG (shortcut for REGION command).
ii. Select the boundaries of the figure (all objects).
iii. Press the Enter key.
Note: If you hover your mouse to the object, the boundary will highlight
as one signifying that REGION command is successful.
Determine the Area.
iv. Type LI (shortcut for LIST command)
v. Select the object then press the Enter key. A dialog box that contains
the area and perimeter information will pop-up.
Note: For checking, the area bounded by the polygon is 15250.3802

square units. The perimeter is 578.1558 units
Close the dialog box.
8. In an empty (MODEL) space of the drawing area (far from the figures of the
previous activity), draw the figure given its lengths and direction (see table). Start
anywhere along the drawing area.
LINE DISTANCE BEARING
A-B 2950 N 12O 10 ’E
B-C 1840 N 59O 40 ’E
C-D 2100 DUE EAST
D-E 2860 N 77O 15’ E
E-F 3720 S 68O 12’ E
F-G 940 N 82O 58’ E
G-H 3000 N 47O 55’ W
H-I 3810 S 74O 30’ E
I-J 1230 S 44O 50 ’E
J-K 1820 N 09O 10 ’W
K-L 2500 N 41O 48 ’W
L-M 3180 N 58O 10 ’W
M-N 2300 N 21O 20 ’W
N-O 2150 N 42O 00 ’W
O-P 3340 N 74O 54 ’W
P-Q 4310 S 66O 50 ’W
Q-R 4700 S 50O 05 ’W
R-S 4150 S 38O 12 ’W
S-T 2030 S 25O 25 ’W
T-U 8128 S 64O 58 ’E
9. Determine the area and the perimeter enclosed by the figure and write the
values in a paper. (Remember to make the figure a single object first using the
REGION command).
10. In PN06 layout tab, add a single viewport.
i. Type VIEWPORTS in the command window then press the Enter key.
Viewports dialog box will appear.
ii. Under Standard viewports menu, select Single then click OK.
iii. Specify the corners of the viewport. (see figure)
1
iv. Set the standard scale of the viewport (see previous activity in setting
the standard scale of the viewport) to 1:100.
v. Double click the viewport to switch to MODEL mode and pan the
Object at the center of the viewport. (see figure)
Tip: You can Turn off/Disable Grid display in the Status Bar for a cleaner
view of your drawing.
vi. Double click outside the viewport to switch to PAPER mode
11. Make 0.5 Title layer as the active layer.
12. Add labels using MTEXT command and place it on the bottom left corner of the
viewport. (see figure)
Labels
Scale 1:100 M
Area: 139,870,978.5823 sq. units
Perimeter: 61,058.2552 units
3501PN05_03SMITH)
14. Save your work.
Hands-on Activity: Draw dimensions (see Dimension in Module 1) in your drawing. Try
experimenting drawing dimensions in Model space and Paper space. Notice the
difference.
1. Objects are rotated around the ___.
a. Base point c. Bottom right of the object
b. Center of the object
2. A polar array creates new objects ___.
a. In a straight line c. In a circular pattern
b. In a grid pattern
3. Panning allows you to ___.
a. Close in on a small area c. See all of the drawing at once.
b. Move around the drawing at

the same scale
4. How many objects are copied in a polar array by default?
a. 3 c. 9
b. 6 d. 12
5. What is the best way to move an object to a different layer?
a. Double click the layer where you want to move the object.
b. Select the layer, then select the object
c. Draw the object, then select the layer
d. Select the object, then select the layer.
6. Which of the following settings can be made for polar tracking?
e. Increment angle
f. Additional angles
g. Track using all polar angles settings
7. What is the best way of drawing a rectangle?
a. Using the Line command
b. Using the Polyline command
c. Using the Rectangle command
8. The fillet command creates ___.
a. Angled corners
b. Both round and sharp corners
c. Round corners
9. How can you change an object’s properties?
a. Right click and choose Properties
b. Right click and choose Quick Properties
c. All
10. If you select a line and a rectangle and view the properties ____.
a. You will see all the properties
b. You will see the properties of the first selected object
c. You will see only limited properties
11. When you want to close the Properties palette _____.
a. Type CLOSE
b. Close the X in the top left of the palette
c. Move it off the screen
12. When you are in a Layout tab, what do you draw to see your model?
a. A Window
b. A Viewport
c. A Box
13. What’s the easiest way to know if you are in Paper space/Layout Mode?
a. Zoom Out
b. Close the drawing
c. Look for the triangular icon
14. Should you modify your model in Paper space/Layout Mode?
a. Yes
b. No
c. Only if I want to mess up my drawing
15. You can freeze the layer in the current viewport when the layout viewport is
active.
a. True
b. False
c. Neither True nor False
16. Polar coordinates are used mostly for drawing ___ ?
d. Angled lines
e. Vertical lines
f. Curved lines
17. Scaling objects makes them ____.
a. Smaller
b. Bigger
c. Either Bigger and Smaller
18. Convert the following surveyor’s quantity measurements to its equivalent degree
measurement. (reference: +x - axis)
a. 30° N of E
b. W 65° S
c. 45° S of E
d. 75° N of W
e. N 80° W
MODULE 4: 3D MODELING
MODULE 4: 3D MODELING
In this module, the student will be introduced to 3D Modeling in AutoCAD. In here,
different terminologies used in creating 3D drawings, 3D coordinate system, 3D rotation,
Viewing 3D objects and 3D commands, how to revolved a region to create a 3D object,
use the primitive solid commands for instant creation basic solid objects and to modify
3D objects using the different Boolean commands in AutoCAD will be discussed. Hands-
on activities are provided.
TLO 6: Identify the appropriate settings and all the basic commands needed when
creating 3D drawings with AutoCAD.
TLO 7: Apply the different 3D drawing and modifying commands to create a quality 3D
drawing for rendering
INTRODUCTION
With one 3-D CAD, you can generate views from any angle either inside or outside the
house and animations. Afterwards, if your client needs something changes, you can then
make the changes once and re-render your views. If you’re drawing mechanical parts,
you can generate virtual prototypes or even create rapid prototypes.
Isometric Drawings (not true 3D)
Wire-Frame (very basic 3D)
Surfaces/Regions (primitive 3D)
Solid Objects (advanced 3D)
3D CAD TERMINOLOGIES
2 - D. A concept of displaying real-world objects on a flat surface showing only height
and width. This system uses only the X and Y axes.
3 - D. A way of displaying real-world object in a more natural way by adding depth to

the height and width. This system uses the X, Y and Z axes.
Boolean Operations. Commands that allow you to ad, subtract and intersect solid
objects in AutoCAD
Complex Surface. Generally, a curved surface. Examples: car fender, landscape

contour.
Elevation. The difference between an object being at zero on the Z-axis and the height
that it is above zero.
Extrude. The extrude command raises the shape of a 3D outline into a 3D solid. For
example, a circle would be extruded into a cylinder.
Face. The simplest true 3D surface.
Facet. A three or four sided polygon that represents a piece (or section) of a 3D surface.
Hidden Line Removal. A way of hiding lines that would not be visible if you were viewing
the actual object you have drawn in AutoCAD (Command: HIDE)
Isometric Drawing. A simple way of achieving a ‘3D ’appearance using 2D drawing

methods.
Plan View. Also known as the top view, a plan view looks directly down the WCS (World
Coordinate System) Z-axis to the X-Y axis.
Primitive. A basic solid building block. Examples would be boxes, cones, cylinders.
Region. A 2D area consisting of lines, arcs, etc.
Rendering. A complex way of adding photo-realistic qualities to a 3D model you have

created.
Shading. A quick way of adding color to a 3D object you have drawn. (Command:
SHADE)
Solid Model. A 3D model creating using solid ‘building blocks. This is the most accurate
way of representing real-world objects in CAD
Surface Model. A 3D model defined by surfaces. The surface consists of polygons.
Thickness. A property of lines and other objects that gives them a 3D like appearance.
UCS. The user co-ordinate system. This is defined by the person drawing to have easier
access to portions of a 3D model.
View. A particular view of the object you have created.
Viewport. Several viewports on your screen. Different from the viewports used in plotting.
Wire-frame Model. A 3D shape that is defined by lines and curves. A skeletal

representation. Hidden line removal is not possible with this model.
Z-Axis. The third axis that defines the depth.
ISOMETRIC DRAWING
Using Isometric commands is one of the simplest ways to give a 3D representation while
using only 2D commands. This has been the usual way of doing things before CAD
allowed true 3D work to be done. Many times an isometric drawing is used to compliment
or give more information to a 3-view orthographic drawing.
THE 3-D COORDINATE SYSTEM

By now you should be very comfortable working your way around the X-Y coordinate
system. Looking from the plan view, this is what you see to figure out where is positive X
and positive Y.
If you were to look at the same picture, but at a slight angle, you would see the third axis.
This new axis is called the Z-axis. Imagine that positive Z-axis is coming towards you out of
the monitor. The Z-axis has been there, lurking in the background, waiting for you.
Hands - On Activity: Do the following to see about the z-axis.

Specify first point: 0,0,0
Specify next point: 4,3,2
Note: You would get a line that goes 4 units to the right, 3 units up and 2 units
toward you. If you select the line, its properties would be this. Notice that
the line is actually 5.3852 units long (see figure)
3-D ROTATION
Now for the confusing part. You already know how to rotate 2D objects, but you also
have to know how AutoCAD measures angles of rotation in 3D. There is somewhat simple
rule for this called “The Right Hand Rule”. To figure out which is positive rotation angle,
imagine that you are wrapping your right hand around the axis with your thumb pointing
towards the positive end. The direction that your fingers are wrapped is the positive
direction of rotation. This applies to all three axes.
VIEWING 3-D OBJECTS

AutoCAD has a few ways for you to view an object other than the plan view that you
have used for your 2D drawings. Now is a good time to change into the 3D Basics
Workspace. Click the ‘gear ’icon on the status bar and select 3D Basics. (see figure)
When you are in the 3D Basics workspace, your tool palettes on the ribbon will change.
This will make it easier to find tools and icons that you’ll use more often in 3D.
Fortunately, AutoCAD provides different viewing options for 3D drafting.
Using the options shown (figure below), you can see what the SE Isometric view looks like
by selecting that choice when you click View Controls.
Viewport Controls
Visual Style Controls

View Controls
There are instances when you may need to see around to the other side of your object.
Then you can easily use the other preset views to see your model. You can also have
more than one view on your screen at a time.
Hands-on Activity: Do the following to learn how to create multiple viewports in the Model
space.
a. Click [-] (Viewport Controls)
b. Hover your mouse to Viewport Configuration List
c. Select Four: Equal
Note: You can have viewports in either model space (tiled) or paper space which
can have different zoom ratios (scale).
Always keep an eye on the UCS icon in the corner of the screen or
viewport. If you go a lot of work to get a view you need, save it using the
VIEW command. When saving a view, give it a descriptive name.
3-D ORBIT
Another way of viewing your object is to use the 3DORBIT command. This will give you a
free hand to rotate your drawing around in space.
3D COMMANDS
Extrude
In this part, you will begin using 3D commands. First you will create a 2D region and then
EXTRUDE it into a 3D solid.
Hands-on Activity: In the Model space, do the following.
1. Set the number Set the number of viewports to Single
2. Set the view control to Front
3. Draw the figure.
4. Make the outside perimeter one object using REGION (REG) command
i. Type REG in the command bar.
ii. Select the outer boundary objects.
iii. Press Enter.
5. Set the view control to SE Isometric
6. Extrude the boundary object.
i. Type EXT (shortcut for EXTRUDE).
ii. Select the outer boundary object, then press the Enter key.
iii. Drag your mouse slightly in a northeast direction. You will see a preview
of the object being extruded in the said direction.
iv. Specify an extrusion height (e.g. 2), then press the Enter key. The object
is now a solid object with a depth of 2 units.
7. Extrude the circle with an extrusion height of 2.
8. The resulting figure must look like this.
9. Set the viewport configuration to Four: Equal.
10. Change the view style of the top left, bottom left and right to Top, Front and Right,
respectively. (see figure)
Now you can see how solids are a good way to go in some cases. They will usually give
you the most accurate way of viewing the model. You can get a lot of information out
of a solid by typing the MASSPROP command in the command bar then selecting the
object you want to view its property with.
Extrude and Lofting
Two other ways you can extrude (which you may have seen as options on the command
line) are to taper the extrusion and the extrude a shape along a path. If you need to, you
can also combine the two options and extrude along a path while tapering the shape
(see figure).
Circle Extruded along a Spline with a Taper
One example where you can use extrude paths is to represent pipes in a drawing.
Hands-on Activity: To learn how to extrude an closed object along a path, do the
following in Model space of a new drawing file.
1. Make sure that the view control is set to Top.
2. Draw the given figure.
Command: PLINE
Specify first point: Click anywhere
3. Fillet the corners with a radius of 24. (see figure)
Command: F
Specify first object: R
Select the corners.
4. Set the view style to Front then draw a circle on the endpoint whose radius is 6.
Be sure to turn on object snap for Endpoints. After drawing the circle, set your
view style back to Top. The figure will look like this.
Tip: Use zoom-extent (Z then E) to have a whole view of the figure.
5. Set the view style to SE Isometric.
6. Extrude the circle on a path.
Command: EXT
Select object to extrude: Select the circle
Specify extrusion height or [menu]: P
Select extrusion path: Select the polyline
7. Set the visual style to Realistic and note what will happen.
This is just one option available with the EXTRUDE command. Try it on other paths and see
how it works.
You will find that if your circle is too large, it may not be able to be extruded on polylines
with tight corners. You might then see this error on the command line: Unable to extrude
the selected object.
Any object that can be extruded can be extruded along a path. A path can be any
open object such as lines, arc, polylines, splines, etc.
Extruding with a Taper
Extruding along a taper gives you another option in your 3D toolbox.
Hands-on activity: Do the following in Model space of a new drawing to learn how to
extrude with taper.
1. Draw a 100 by 100 units rectangle using REC command.
2. Set the view style to SE Isometric.
3. Extrude the rectangle 50 units high with a taper angle of 45 degrees.
Command: EXT
Select object to extrude: Select the rectangle
Specify extrusion height or [menu]: T
Specify angle of taper for extrusion: 45
Specify height of extrusion: 50
4. Set the visual style to Shaded with Edges. Figure should look like this.
Tip: Use 3DO (3DORBIT) command to view the solid object at different viewing
angles.
Loft Command
The LOFT command is similar to EXTRUDE command, but much more versatile. Instead of
extruding a single shape, the loft command allows you to extrude several shapes and
make one continuous object.
Hands-on Activity: Do the following in Model space of a new drawing file to learn how to
use the LOFT command.
The goal of this activity is to create a ‘twisted cube’ (A 20 by 20 by 20 cube that looks like
the top was twisted 45 degrees.
1. Draw a 20 by 20 square anywhere your drawing area.
2. Duplicate the square on exact same location of the first square.
3. Rotate the 2nd square by 45 degrees, using the center of the square as the base
point.
4. Set the view style to SW Isometric.
5. Move the 2nd square 20 units up (along the z-axis)
Tip: Make sure that ORTHO mode is enable in the status bar.
a. Select the rotated square then type M in the command bar.
b. Select one corner of the rotated square as base point.
c. Type @0,0,20. This will move the selected object 20 units up from the base point.
The figure should look like this.
6. Perform LOFT command in the two squares.
a. Type LOFT in the command bar.
b. Select the bottom square.
c. Select the top square.
d. Press the Enter key TWICE. The figure should look like this.
REVOLVED OBJECTS
AutoCAD gives you two commands when you need to draw cylindrical objects. One
(REVSURF) will give a complex model compromised of a 3D surface made up of many
facets. The other (REVOLVE) will give you a solid object. This method that you will use once
again depend on what you need it for.
Hand-on Activity 1: To illustrate how to draw revolved objects, do the following in Model
space of a new drawing file.
1. Set the view style to Front.
2. Draw the given figure and make it one region using the REG command.
3. Set the view style to SW Isometric.
4. Revolve the region 360 degrees.
Command: REVOLVE
Select objects to revolve: Select the region
Specify axis start point: Click Point A
Specify axis end point: Click Point B
Specify angle of revolution: 360
5. Set the visual style to Shades with Edges. Your figure must look like this.
6. Save the file.
PRIMITIVE SOLIDS
A primitive solid is a building block that you can use to work with in 3D. Rather than
extruding or revolving an object, AutoCAD has some basic 3D shape commands at your
disposal. From these basic primitives, you can start building your 3D models. There are
eight different primitives that you can choose from.
SHAPE COMMAND RIBBON ICON DESCRIPTION
Creates a solid box after you

Box BOX provide 2 opposite corners
and a height.
Creates a solid sphere from a

Sphere SPHERE / SPH
center point and radius.
Creates a straight cylinder

Cylinder CYLINDER / CYL from a center point, radius
and height.
Creates a tapered cone from

Cone CONE a center point, radius and
height.
Creates a triangular wedge
Wedge WEDGE / WED
from 2 opposite points.
Creates a torus (donut shape)

Torus TORUS / TOR based on center point, radius
and tube radius.
Draws a solid object with a

Pyramid PYRAMID / PYR polygon (3-32 sides) base that
rises to a central point.
Draws a solid object with

Polysolid PSOLID width and height as you
would draw a polyline.
Tip: Try using the different primitive solid commands in the command window and
follow the on-screen instructions.
BOOLEAN OPERATIONS
Working in 3D usually involves the use of solid objects. At times you may need to combine
multiple parts into one, or remove sections from a solid. AutoCAD has some commands
that make this easy for you. These are the Boolean operations as well as some other
helpful commands for solid editing:
COMMAND COMMAND RIBBON ICON DESCRIPTION

Joins two or more solids into
Union
UNION / UNI creating one based on the
(Boolean)
total geometry of all.
Subtracts one or more solids

Subtract from another creating a solid
SUBTRACT / SU
(Boolean) based on the remaining
geometry.
Creates a single solid from

Intersect
INTERSECT / IN one more solids based on
(Boolean)
the intersected geometry.
Allows you to increase the
Extrude Face SOLIDEDIT size of a solid by extruding
out one of its faces.
Slices a solid along a cutting

Slice SLICE
plane.
Aligns 2 3D Objects in 3D
3D Align 3DALIGN
space.
ACTIVITY NO. 6
Procedures
tab.
v. Click on the New Layout (+) button and rename the new Layout tab to
PN06.
vi. Set the paper size, orientation and plot scale of your drawing. (refer to
Template Block.
Plate No - Title to 6 <Enter> 3D MODELING 1
Date Performed
Date Submitted
4. Draw the two given figures in the Model space.
Figure 1: EXTRUDE with path
Tip: Use 3DPOLY command and relative coordinate system inputs, then EXTRUDE the
circle along the path of the polyline.
Tip: Copy the drawing (left) that shows the dimensions and isometric view of the
figure then create a lofted object (right) using the circles.
5. On the layout tab, insert your title template block and create two viewports
that includes your drawings. (see figure)
ENGGCAD
COMPUTER - AIDED
DRAFTING
3501PN06_03SMITH)
7. Save your work
ACTIVITY NO. 7
Procedures
Draw the following object as a 3D Solid using primitive solids and Boolean operations.
1. Plate no. 5 is composed of Hands-on Activity 1 and 2 in this module
iii. Click on the New Layout (+) button and rename the new Layout tab to
PN05.
iv. Set the paper size, orientation and plot scale of your drawing. (refer to
Plate No - Title to 7 <Enter> 3D MODELING II
Date Performed
Date Submitted
4. Create two viewports and place the two figures side-by-side.
3501PN07_03SMITH)
6. Save your work.

EnggCAD-ECE Module Second Sem AY 2023-2024

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EnggCAD-ECE Module Second Sem AY 2023-2024

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MODULE IN

COMPUTER-AIDED DRAFTING FOR

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the module, you should be

I. Course Introduction ............................................................... 6

II. COURSE GUIDE

Module and Unit Topics

MODULE 2: Working with AutoCAD

MODULE 3: Creating Complex Drawing in AutoCAD

In this module, the student will be introduced to 3D Modeling in AutoCAD. In here,

2. MIND YOUR MANNERS. Treat the distance learning environment as an academic

Part of module unit that is designed to pique your interest in the

Part of the module unit that contains detailed discussions of

Part of the module unit that expounds on the ideas of the

Part of the module unit that gives us the opportunity to gauge

Additional Guidelines for Offline Students:

• While waiting for my feedback of your accomplished requirements, continue doing

Dates TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES ACTIVITIES

MODULE 1 Introduction to AutoCAD

TLO 1: Identify the appropriate

Elaborate: AutoCAD Coordinate

Evaluate: Module 1 evaluative

MODULE 2 Working with AutoCAD

TLO 2: Identify the basic drawing Engage: AutoCAD Commands

Evaluate: Module 2 Evaluative

Prelim Examination on Module 1 and 2

MODULE 3 Creating Complex Drawings in AutoCAD

Evaluate: Module 3. Evaluative

Midterm Examination on Module 3

TLO 6: Identify the appropriate

Evaluate: Activity No. 6 and 7

Final Examination on Module 4

7. Read all course readings and perform hands-on activities.

8. Submit all activities

Formative Assessment Activities

• You are required to answer the pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment activities,

• Successfully answering formative activity questions and requirements will serve as

• The completeness of your answers to the pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment

• The pre-assessment quizzes, self-assessment activities, and reflection questions are

Summative Assessment Activities

The evaluative assessments are graded activities designed to determine if your

Visit the website: https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/learn-

You are expected to submit a PDF format of all plate activities.

Computer - Aided Drafting is a course that requires an in-depth understanding of the

IV. Specific Guidelines

• Click on the link to the assignment in our Google Classroom

Rubrics in the Syllabus will be used in grading activities.

VI. COURSE REFERENCES

Kirkpatrick, J, (2000), The AutoCAD Book: Drawing, Modeling, and Applications

Alf Y, (2010), Introduction to AutoCAD 2010, 2D and 3D Design, Autodesk Press.

Contact Information of the Facilitators

Engr. Jake Anthony M. Flores

Cellphone : +63 912 953 8045

By the end of this module, the student should be able to:

Source: Before AutoCAD

Here are some photographs of architects and engineers before AutoCAD.

Source: Architects Engineers Before AutoCAD Software

GUIDE TO AUTOCAD BASICS

Understanding AutoCAD User Interface

View port View Cube

Object Snap & Tracking

Object Snap: snap to existing objects on

Isodraft: superseds the ISOPLANE