8.11 | THE COMPOUNDED DC MOTOR Vy = Ext Ry + Ro) ‘The currents in the compounded motor are related by I= dem Ie Vy naa Figure 8-44 | The equivalent circu of compounded OC motors: (a) lnng-shunt connection; (b) short-shunt connection. ay mR & © Cumolatively compounded © Differentially compounded 1 ‘The net magnetomotive force and the effective shunt field current in the compounded motor are given by Boa = Te * Te ~ Tan (6-56) and Noe , _ Fan nt We 57) where the positive sign in the equations is associated with a cumulatively com- pounded mator and the negative sign is associated with a differentially compounded motor.eee A 100-hp, 250-V compounded OC motor with compensating windings has an inter- Nal resistance, including the series winding. of 0.0412. There are 1000 turns per pole ‘on the shunt fieid and 3 turns per pole on the series winding. The machine is shown in Figure &-47, andl its magnetization curve is shown in Figure 8-30. Atno load, the fiold resistor has been adjusted to make the motor cun al 1200 (/min. The core, me- chanical, and stray losses may be neglecied, igure 8-47 | The compounded DC motor in Example 8-7 & mg bs 4 © Comultively compounded © Dilferenially compounded 230 a. What is the shunt field current in this machine at no load? b. I the motor is cumulatively compounded, find its speed when ly = 200A, c. Ifthe motor is diferentiaily compounded, find its speed when Ly = 200 A, @ Solution @.Atno load, the armature current is zero, so the internal generated vollage of the motor must equal V;, which means thal it must be 250 V. From the ‘magnetization curve, a field current of 5 A will produce a voltage E, of 250 V at 1200 r/min. Therefore, the shunt fleld current must be 5 A. b. When an armature current of 200 A flows in the motor, the machine's internal generated voliage is Ex = Vim bel Py + Rs) 250 V ~ (200 A)(0.04 9) = 242 The effective field current of this cumulatively compounded motor is (6-57) From the magnetization curve. Em = 262 V at speed ny the motor’s speed will be 200 rimin. Therefore, 24a ; Seay 1200 min = 1108 rnin ©. Ifthe machine is differentially compounded, the effective field current is (6-87) =5a-3. =5A- a5 200A= 448 From the magnetization curve, E,» = 236 V al speed my = 1200 rimin. Therefore, the motors speed will be Eo” Bay SEE 1200 rlmin = 1230 rin SSE 1200 rh 1230 «fm Notice that the speed of the cumulatively compounded motor decreases with load, while the speed of the differentially compounded motor increases with loadFi 6.121 DC MOTOR STARTERS CHAPTER & OC Motos 427 ‘igure 8-48 | A shunt motor with a starting resislor in series with its armature Contacts 14, 28, and 3A shor-circuil portions of the starting resistor when they close 005.0 Roan 4 he Fi igure 8-8 shows a 100-hp, 250-V, 350-A shunt DC mator with an armature resis: lance of 0.05 1. Itis desired to design a starter ciccult for this motor that wil limit the ‘maximum starting current to (wice ils rated value and which will switch out sections ol a | resisiance as the armature current falls to its rated value. How many stages of starting resistance will be required to limit the current to the range specilied? What musi the value of each segment of the resistor be? At what voltage should each slage of the starting resistance be cut oul? 5 Solution a. The starting resistor must be selected so that the current flow equals twice the rated current of the motor when itis first connected to the line. As the motor slarts to speed up, an internal generated voltage E, will be produced in the motor. Since this voltage opposes the terminal valtage of the motor, the increasing internal generated voltage decreases the curtent flow in the motor. When the current flowing in the motor falls to rated current, a section of the starting resistor must be taken out to increase the starting current bback up to 200 percent of rated current. As the motor continues to speed Up, E continues to rise and the armature current continues to fall. When the current flowing in the motor falls to rated current again, another section of the starting resistor must be taken out. This process repeats until the starting resistance to be removed al a given stage is less than the resistance of the motors armature circuit, Al thal point, the motor’s armature resistance will limit the current to a safe value all by itseltaa Electic Machinery and Power System Fundamentals How many steps are required Io accomplish the current limiting? To find out, dotine A. as the original resistance in the starting circuit, So ky is the sum of the resistance of each stage of the starting resistor together with the resistance of the armature circuil of the motor: Rag = Ry + Rpt HR (8-58) Now define Ag, ,as the total resistance leit in the starting circuit alter stages 1 to i have been shorted out. The resistance lel in the circuit after removing stages 1 through jis Ra = Rar tooo + Aa (8-89) Note also that he intial starting resistance must be vy Fy t In the first stage of the starter circuit, resistance A, must be switched out of the circuit when the current /, falls to Alter switching that part of the resistance out, the armature current must jump to Vy Es le Rox a Since E,( = Kéu) is directly proportional to the speed of the motor, which cannot change instantaneously, the quantity Vp ~ E, must be constant at the instant the resistance is switched out, Therelore, IrinPRea = Vr ~ Ex = bran Fr of the resistance lelt in the circuit aller the frst slage is switched out is | Prox, = 7 Ps (8-60) By direct extension, the resistance left in the circuil alter the rth stage is switched out is (8-61) The stariing process is completed when Ag, q for stage n is loss than or equal to the internal armature resistance A of the motor. AL that point, Aa can limit the current to the desired value all by itself. At the boundary where Ay = Pas »CHAPTER 8 OC Moles (8-62) (6-63) Solving for n yields log F/R) oat Inia nae) (8-64) where m must be rounded up to the next integer value, since it is not possible to have a fractional number of starting stages. If n has a fractional part, then when the final stage of starting resistance is removed, the armature current of the motor will jumo up to a value smaller than Inax In this particular problem, the ratio pin /lnae = 0.5, ANC Flo 8 357 2 so . log(a/Fia) _ 109(0.05 90.357 9) 100(hrn/lnasd '0g(S50 A/700 AY 2.84 The number of stages required will be three. b. The armature circuit will contain the armature resistor Fi, and three starting resistors Ry, Re, and R. This arrangement is shown in Figure 8-44. At first, E,= OV and I, = 700 A, 80 Rat Reh ‘Therefore, the total resistance musi be 250 Fy + By + Ry + Ry = POE = 0.957 0 (8-65) This total resistance will be placed in the circuit until the current falls to 350 A. This occurs whan Eq = Ve ~ lary = 250 V ~ (950 AYO.357 0) When E, = 125 V, [, has fallen to 350 A and it ig time to cut out the first starting resistor Fy. When itis cut out, the current should jump back to 700 A, Therefore, 125 Vs~ Ea _ 250V ~ 125 V Fig t A + Ry = is 17860 (8-66) 429Electri¢ Machinery and Power System Fundamentals, ‘This total resistance will be in the circuit until Iy again falls to 350 A, This occurs when E, reaches 150 V ~ (350 ANO.1786 0) = 187.5.V When Eq = 187.5 V. 1x has fallen to 350 A and itis time to cut out the second slarling resistor Mp. When itis cut out, the current should jump lack 10 700 A. Therefore, Vr= Es _ 250V—187.5V _ Fat R= LMISY — 10699. (6-67) This total resistance willbe in the circuit until /, again falls to 350 A, This occurs when E, reaches l4Pea = 250.V ~ (950 AYO.0893 0} = 218.75 V wy When Ex = 218.75 V, fy has fallen to 350 A and itis time to cut out the third start- ing resistor Fy. When it is cut out, only the internal resistance of the motor is left By now, though, R, alone can timit the motor’s current 10 Vp~ Ex _ 250\V = 218.75 Fa O05. 625 (less than allowed maximum) From this point on, the motor can speed up by its. From Equations (8-63) 10 (8-65), the required resistor values can be calculated: Ry = Rox.a ~ Ra = 0.0893 2 ~ 0.05 9 = 0.0393 2 Fi, = Rags ~ Fy — Ra = 0.1786 01 ~ 0.0393 0 - 0.05 9 = 0.0893. Fy, = Pay — Fe — Py ~ Ry = 0.357 £1 ~ 0.1786 2 ~ 0.0393 9 ~ 0.05 ‘And f), Re. and Ay are cut out when &, reaches 125, 187.5, and 218.75 V, respectively. a 0.1786.