wseel 2 wie22alZa1 S202 + A weettadl (alternating) ded ae wateed {= Vm sin (wt + 9a] 210 f= Im sin (wt + 42), 8 exifaarl and, A sen-agie fp = $4 = G2 (uated eiday] eHeIen fp = Ga - d4 MAA emda] HEN. MHA-eISIGet + A wee: yale aA dee ceded sai-cigiad $ Ae dl ad aes eret-aigiad [D. = 5—% 4/8, eral T= madi, Be a0 oe. uRue : Ve¥isinot © BRIS yrvor, RagcruBueHtit A.C. cheder-wiereenit Hid BieRE RA AelHi ASG B. 3 . AC. yiferzener (erotdez) aiell ag emf V = Vm sin wt 8, vai w= reeezoH | 2 (a1Fexe) ott eAmetel ees aAIghe AA T = Blacl5I0.8. v Vins sinot © wag, t= ed. 8, [tm sin of afm = “| orecet wae). eee 21a Agate ge ee (Vt AA 1H ef Ber anigleri exiled 2, © etal aetal-iza eu ewidlervic ai orecia! AycuaeA weetadl (A.C) Agawale 58 8. andy cad 8, 3 AAC. Acer uikkraenetel chew, sine BAe aigte OEcie leh, cl HaEriel wee a) Agcyae ver sine GA azure rece B. © yoreze1! fund NS Asoswi (fF evid emer ward’ ed, cl ofan Geeiacd Ya Rgauas As Asesui $24? aver Ran oie. © Ler ae a 4 ailhee © iferzeuet cede [Y= Vn cos af 218 ASEH LCR Del AC, uBuel md, Ered 8 ¢ era, uBueri ada ware Ly BARBee ue Hl ada) Myce Q vA Mqauaiéon Segiee) ez fe. 4Q VaVq cosot ane, 1S a j 1b) : a Palette ead yen, |— = = wifes 21ie) eel Riga eiieieN s2vineN : sath, Reel Ma@his zea dessze LC SUBeceain BRIee aA afew Sessecetaie anes onaces Ra eee iReeener eid! Afb ASG B, AC wiltelieiod cheder Feared 8 + Reine @ Rise entsze, [9 8.[== y. 2 me ved 6200 6. 27 d ay kf aa * mat * meee Aioigizoni oMIREd Clete Hide se evflszer 211 ofa enfszed ats usieati Asa enfiseed 8, Pal eel on , A cosine BA dui golszeh act Hen ai wie 13 Bia ei ed eoagenen ed ena wife eft Ri 4 | eeneticie (y) fagerorre (Q) ae ay 2 | ax (v = 2) Agaware (! = 3 3 | aaadeis (oierient) ayers (b) DreraVEd(R) 4 [enim dess2eet (L) 5 | omn-vreinis th) BN Rceief crea (2) 6 | stellar angie ({*) a * eter ange | | = stele ong Fe 7 | atiact 1 (Fo sin wt) nici ee2er (Vm cos wt) jo Vata -1d siaikts aha 8. ane, j =Ja FP --1 0, PF) % -pp -4, Bei ai 1B KP 1 » F aiPy , Per ee Pasa) {Pls BAR sok a» OPP B) , je=pieee Le 29 of enfeicalSer (expression) : 2 ee gi? ute) cosona- 2-2, 8 210 214i 6! a! 40 rr oe 8 oF a sinQ=0-— + - + a1 6! 7! 9! 8 of oF of Parser Zee, 7 21°30 7 91” 100 » per Pe? oh fot fo? BoP Pot Pot ee 2! - 3! . 5! 6! 7 et 9! to! ee Ce a etrtO op gy ai sr er 7 eof “(trait ar 61" at c.el® = cos0 + Jsind| 1 ane: sx d 8: 5x SX gx = 2 A (e5%) = 50% and eax = een J 3 0 4 (e!%) = Je! ana fe!®do=2— = =-je” 1 gy dase a f ; zs Jot Ql Jot jot gy Sel) = 00! and fe ‘axe jo o a : : ease aiven Z of agit x+y ell Sele 8, veil |= VE. Bia, x 1A y A Om zi8e ivetien azci@s ee) sicuis oul 8. a ms FORMULAE CH.2Dw ued, Bld aise MAWA f (Z)=fa uy) +] fa (% as Exel 8. 8A aoa yReN ofld yrror B ig, a8 exifare, @ ae ce dived x ate y 21a ad Bail aise eetet (BEFeS eHeta) 7 oa) Bh ce ] aise aivall 21 =x + Jy. Wig, P bes, ya) a8 Evieaier @, svat P ofl x am 21 24 ves] eh sicus oHs1 Exifd 8. | 232 an aise aivetes miet / (real ge (magnitude / absolute value) r= [Zs] = Jari. aise aiven Zoi ales ousted aidet Re (Z) aa Aart ares Neel eB Im @e. a= xt hy, 2 2g veel, x =rcos 0212 ys=rsin od ; 1 Za reos 0+ Jr sin 0 (Ecler 2y2HIC1) q s ©. b1=r(cos 0 +Jsin 0)= [24] e!°],s1201 8 e!° = cos 0+) sino ane, aise even 2A 2= [2] e!]a8 vet exif (2) Z*@_Z)ad aise aivan Zo viqeree aiven B, J fl oad - j dae HA 8. [ZZ =x-j uals, ZZ* = (x +]y) (x — Jy) mx? - Pye = (2 + y) => BZ" = IZ ——— 1 ey a ze ze -Iy) 4 x y @ 2-2-2 2 =t- ZO Wz ZR Gay) Z Pay? “Pay? 1 x 1 & of areas ona Baad 2 a siauks onl z w+ Zz 1 (5) [Zs Zel= [Za] [Ze] A a HL Za 1 aise aofszer via 111g mIBej Yo1t © LERALM a.afl. UBUeed cle V= Vin cos oof on vilereeiet aa “ASE B. . LCR Bel A.C. uBual rie addi wale 42g Aisa eset, lm © = vp Meg dt c V=Vmn coset L re R Q=fidtaat A cane one aids yale 13 o16€ eis2 Wale i Aa cl cos ut A e!e ares ot Atel, di Ro J Vin jot Ris tfiat- te io at ie fi r 2) wl, R, Led CA g5 alas eva ve e!' = cos ut +j sin wt B. apf, (2) LOR uBueien Risa zN, (1) of ise eau B. neil ari(or- ) @ v def aaau t= F (aagion Grew) PO. 21m, cicgMRIS AC. diedey 2A wens arel Aerie Rent uel B. © em apfhen Gael ng 221 252 wale i 21 aise ea Vm e! aaded zioies eaifd 8 desoee wid SIReze wEeIZ6 eIc2)E) : t 2° LOR MeN AC. uRuel m2 alee waied anftezer , | = —Yme™ a +jfot cesar «= FORMULAE CH. 200 SeSSE y.2 mmm ole So ste Ee. HeslSea Redsewes = 2. = jul] oa ARR Rerseee = Zo= - * dessezei) visas MAE = BRU) vieresies B1CZVEL = ot! Guia, jesSe2el WBSIS VeAMElel HI = Ki= w ah BARieeen vieiesies weed yer = Xe— 1 ot © ar ofa Radseceted als vee @ oie d Edsel yee! Sellar ang w ue aed d. siusen : © 2, 2eHA Rat AeaIIA DeN-uBueted LMiseet Z 52 B, Vel ads vend. z aieh, 2=R+21+ZcdH20 8,2=R +) («-A] ava ||2| = woot 45] ot wae AUsoeiet azizad AsMeer 528 8. Bed 8, RAseceiott aizciel weer sé 8. Hea 8, desfBea aaheeei SL = + a X, ol 2nfl aris yas : Pee aac vaileanet dheder V= Vn C08 at A ot > Sah LOR All. Sel uur 42, 2ise wae, (A) 2a apfiszel & aise yas, aise dda aa Rise azde) aerial Crem 8. 28, Huser Z = R+j (o--Z] wel aise even 8, auel da B= 121 el F ow didy wa yale adel sai-dgiad 8. Vm eit . j(ot-3) [zle” Vim (4) uel, i a8 eal asi, vai 3 A aie 049 5 2M Fos (ot —8) + j(sin (wt 8))), val 121 = (ou 3 A (eet) ee oe eta om 2162 Uai6 i a dreds o1191 Red 8 areas vale, v, LV = Re(i) , vail i= im cos (wt - 8) 224 ace ad 0 t=) BI! womer® Vin 008 (ot - 8) on (2) FORMULAE - CH. 2Vin €08 (at + 6) Pej aT, Mavi yevor, was eae sedi Sai S Pea a1I0 B, vai tan 3 = LOR Sef a2. uBuete dfpseai : AC wierzeneted cede V= Vm cos wl @. LCR Sel AC, uRuec) viziesi2s HAZE VW del Suse ZB. + ol> 4, ah aise efitisee, = R+j (or-—* oc oc 2d, ais2 ARiseeie ares oIrRB wa ded siaURis oH>1 (ot - 3) ’ . mil ave Zo} zise eicieri Gig Has Eaifda d. IZ] =0H aes, |Z) ol ad + 8A saragiae 8, eal tan5= D8, adea 8, tand-— R R He $871 Tey (oss) +[oL-= oc Reed vais vaAleain dessee L, C SURI BRE wa geet Sesseeeicin NAS ERE RA AC deer werent 21 AeMhii Aa B. (4) 2H URuentT ate, amHe1 12 aM, (2) atepeIE Crees B, ead cer V= Vm cos wt Bele crear 8, on (2) »@) = (4) © ehh. (1), (2), (8) 210 (4) a3 aise AMiseas, def yee! | Z| BA seni-cigiect 5 NEN aisial 8. Vm c08( wt - 5) 2 2 at R' + (ot ) 2M, ares wae, 4 4 . + azer+j(+-ot a ol< oad i(3 | zise amiceil eeyznic ang yor B. a =| FORMULAE ~ CH. 2LOR AC, Ae uRucien Rae Meee ve aseet Hor Vet, wate 1 Re srry | 258 zee aia =a mise ae aeaR Z=R 1218 V ater senndl &. = z and a ; aa : eee 1a vel Zui o. 7 ; med eee. | tetee(is5) ae 4 bs = Vin 6 608 { cots) vied, | saveadaoma, | oicedem (eof) alr) moar | Z7Rtie antans(%) “_Macos(ot-8) FIFE | 1 vague. [et wtan-t(-4_) | I= Imeos (ut +3) soue-(icta) |ireaetaes reac e-wn( 2.) | Tae ae fee (za) oe : 1aVeb bond. Z| pots eS TSRise Toa vada ses} SMI-dgide & cate | SHEL | cone wie] pedcee | uae ; ; (<5) ] aie kaw rave Sov. weeny] nr) (ea) | Sao (3) fe frfeay| atasbe)| Fees seman] eo(dre) | (aoa) ft (+25) |i fea} | tovaebe’| Fens)mossy. 2 so oNceeASo1 see 6.213 ¢ 0) oA « dessee L 21d BNRe C atl amie Asie! eH HARE R AeNAi ABA 8. aA diaherota V = Vm 60s wt cRedevcnn Ball. wifeieaet ad oASa 8. Leg Rarszees, ZL = jul 2H Cel Ralsece, Zc = a 2. waaled udon AeN-eticzet Fremien Guehaiel ynd veesIes see, Vn cos(t + 6) F? -(oo-4) © wale 21a aed aaded afoies, Wea S| =Imcos(wt+5), vali Im= Ps(oc BPH, AC. UBUaIet! eedeverti, vad wo > 2, cud yaie dee seat sorrii 6 = tar sea ot R/ ot ot, In B. eeeaBa1 edvel rms you : Von * All deer V=Vm cos wt 2, Vis = = z ~oror] + omen eisdoi onic ateeea@ar ena 220 Vol dla 8, & de rms yee 8. def Hem (peak) re V2 x220=311V8. wheezafta1 yaieg rms yeu: Vn + aiee2AiGo1 sare , |= Im cos at 8), fme= Y<1?> = Fe =0:7071 e) i Hat 2 + Ae. cheder, = Vin 008 wt}>2 Nev. = 2 Vm = 0.637 Vo} +) pile2aor waa, [= im sin wf 2 fox, = 2 ty = 0.637 Inf wgoue LOR def AC, uRueni erqone + © LOR SoM ada, uBuerd, atepone 2012, chedey wireenoteN Bgl WOM, lms of HEI AGEA O18 B. © ares vate, [I= Im cos (wt - 5) Vinvmewet ti im = Vim a afer) ot EEE «© FORMULAE-CH.200 SEaH Rif B 8, A AC Heel sella High w cream wd, cd) uBueri aa ale Inns. J US! Hear 8, BEN wW of BIE aS eI wo Aarti ana, Pell woL = ad ais, od Yen : tres “28 w ans) = Ems. Mellel MECHA. 2104, eveid Riseaten RailBen aes [ou Ze] AMisoeie sree over see Ae O, ANE Vion a Gerd @. ae dN 1 Z1=R 4 ot--* oe Guate, se-cgies, 8=tan-4| Ty — =tan-4(0)=0 21M, Begone aH, Wee 4A cer apHier Senegal B. i 182i! wo LOR Ae AC, Bue yigas seer Hig Biel Depot 48, aol= 4 = bu @C c 4 Slefla anigh seaie 8 212 fo= Bieponielel (tela WigAs) aHighl B. 2 24 Reatied 4 agers dE leet. RLS RCuRUA m2 aigee Are! asia oT. LCR Bef AC. uBuel 412, lms = LOR Ae aigae asel chaeicn Q-esz2 a2 aor 2iBiel mura &. aga uaz, P= IRR, 2eIfe, Po I (ae Rw). aigjenie uid uRueMT HEC Vide A B.A rms. UaIee HEC HCO calor, BVA B [lems (max) }? oft eeruarepdl 8, Pmax = [lrms (max) }? R. ems (max) ax P, Pag ees, end wlczaf Yer HEC UlceMl HyCeIeMl ase Pr aura 8. cvaird rms of 4S V2 pea d ei angle veel ane. 8, 3 weet BH YEA VteARU ls VelGet Ce ae 42 A gga wa V2 we» 8. 4 eig-uee desdisai 58 8. craid vigor asefl claeia agy Gla, cid Gig-ulee Aesdise ell lat B. 0 ie 5 M2 QS5zz,Q= CO -? ieee 8 2 QSEze, = OP = anugheted uRueieh 6tg-wee des-diga ade) yeere @. yeror cuveniia searid 21d 8, Bala, Qssee A vvqoudla stella a4 Q S522 al, aH aiqone-aseM caeie c€ie. lee wgetIEds Eel @ 8 w of YE wp el aeiied, uae) Suse sue ad 8 axa dell vais assuell e2 3. FORMULAE -CH, 200Ey. 2 Ge wieeeAa1 s2ce EE 6.215 oo ae ae sine ( P cosine) Mla wane) o1seiicl enlBer eifted servant quit! Bere) see exec dv eetet enigheravon endeazel@1 vara exe) cded-ved qoen exfder (dare)! ecg) vl aston! alow eorereracr au) seilach englie due sian o€ d. v R Gi) 8, pis RA I= Im cos (wt+5)d. 211 WAwA Eatfaar 2 XY ala, eMH-weAlRen GomRe, Wee ef >t In ala, BAF X-21@1 HA (wt + 6) Sle! ofetid ded vite usIze) ai@ai eleanil ed 8. Hyahygeos(ot+ 39 Tye hacos(ot +33) Sam (wt + 3) Bia BA cea we. elle, , eigen EeifAa Im 22101) Xe2nai wide (OA Y-2Ha4 we ver) YEN oFEchel are B. as oud ele ava Bre ote, ver w Pec stellar sue ames) Reioil XY amiccoil omer 62d. andl w 22 yale Lo? sella Hig B. nel ded epich aie 58 8, 211 epic) aiBei adea Phasor 2iea Rotor. eal, | ch 2x21 8. 151 def quiet aiBarefl ang(Egd Fave! s2a B. tat emd on BEetel XCerriiol ci2s Im cos (wt +3), Le tesicflet ee! and d. €A In c08 (wt+51)+ 12608 (wt+ 52)... G2 ar Seaiel Adal aaa sec ley, ct ane) aH Cte Reeder $252) Cz dion Xia uae zs) ae, Atel aie aac see uBEIMN ai wc a, Bovee) oA Yara wee) ci28 Gea, al lm cos [ E-(or+s)| = ten sin (eat 43) ae, M4, BRIE Y 28) Gare sine usreen ead and ur an” vane) si Sel aise B, Ba nh: wine aris ae, 7 [a= timeos(wt+b2) (1) 2A fa=lameos(wttd2} (2) Bight OA vais I€aild B vA a X21a) aA (ut +94) Pacd-yRH oreHd B. AP vais Iz ead B axa a X21a) 22 (at +52) Pea YR o4eHd B. HRA OP adiz21d nad anda A evilfas Aeon wR Rade | A ey 52 A x 8-1) Suecit2 OP = Im ot! Yet Pech @ 210 dell saa § 8. 21d, Ls fo 218 1A 20g, Sect aARaTon tor BSA Lh 1am 22 Im B. B40 Ia BA la eel) Set (82 ~ 81) 8, 2210 It ol scaled cigiaa Ed 8. om = qf lam? + lam? + 21am lam 0085), Ia 214 I2 Adee uBeIN Ada d.. 1442) ett A.C, ult i aot afer R Ertan A.C. UBUeRAl, Ei) 8 cig UIs ey VO aA 12d UBUeDiel y, aad vais 8. Aloe A vais Ged Scaled Yori G8, (5=0). q A 211ud) ayes Ba 1A ior Xam aed, ci Vel az vel a v aii Ee. FORMULAE.Ch.22 Evia AC, uRuer Hi2e/ Tor . ‘UI dessee L Eleicictl AC. uBuerii , Ea) 8 cigy isa cede VO vie uBueniiell aac) Yale i ET, Mgcwaie 12 cede V sedi sari a rad Pad) usm &, aed 8, dda, Mgcwals 7 seal sanit : rad Pad) ain aad. AT, Yes Lon 2A aiEWes Ld ior X- Caimi eaifellar, cl Ved Save Et Yai HO. wit SORi22 Ger m2 8252 sia : . wit BYRI22 C Gzicl AC. uUBueMi, ES ai, Usa dey VA ee uBueniel acl 7 wae 18. mal, gees 12% dleder V seal sami E rad Pech onomn @, ded 8, dey A . x wa] wae sedi scr : rad Pac) wisn 8. a GT, ae | on Based anelRos SA ier X-Laimii Aeipii wid, ci) cede V ofl Sosz Hel Y2al Ue ea. 1 “oa Ve z LOR MeN AC. ufuer a H2N3IT & mnghepHi LC aA R deli Ac. wilEeeet a ASAI B. uUBueon Eds sesuiel uate ad) uae (1) aie 69), uBueAd ay usa dey Vv a, dl Belson Gem vgziIe, V=V.+Ve+VR AG. ardl, Vu=IXL= desseze A si Geel pd. yale Seat seri F Pac) aoKn Bla B. Ve= Xe = 80220 OA Asi ae! p.d.? vale Secii SAP Ped) uiEM Aa B. VR = IR = 2icZlée! A Osi aedel pd. vais B12 eile seri Bla. Rageucie | on Zav2a auelRios LA XCar dal BA VL> Vo Leal dleeer ieslon! Bare B1IGIa YOK HENd. ¥ © Bose (gpa ai@ay 203d, [V= (+ Vo)+VR Save sietiasm u2ell, V2= (Vi - Vo)? + VR, rai Z 2A dPUsee 8. . Vi> Vo ca alaiel, vais a cede seal sami 5 Pac) wien 8, wail ea, vai Fenians s: ward Rageronfic deze you exaelercuon deseee aie! Baur exami ond card, jeott ‘ : everon etultecne ore) enrgherau’ eleter) Bard oi. enc eleteile) Lc alee) 0@ od. a © Leaaetel sleet aight Jog = ry FE + b=. + Ledlacie Asa enfsea, a =o dt’ 2 2iBis wigs elacon Asc eefszei |" + wo? y =o] and arevuel aisia ag 8, di + Rycoted ataiBis 4, Ragewaree, ciicailRis ye || = - a = @0 go sin oo it wa war $62: + LORAC. URuepHi wilteetiet dleder of 24621 V= Vn cos wt elatell 210 uBuerti dc) yale I= Im cos ( wt - 5) alae desy BA vals viel ara U1 ceare 8, del aicdereHi, wud cicaiIs Ue HNN asa ere!) icaiBis Ulae = VI = (Vin COS wt) (Im cos (at - 6)) . Build) (mea! ePis) Uide = ed) dled x ev) vale Vm ln Bea S, |Papp = Vims Inms = © alagieni arads were cuveniRit eer @ eH2 dott ander 412, ards ide = 2912 aitefSin ue uleeef eR HEL. arcs uide, | P= cos | exec E E Wide $522 2 alecias ude wel Evf eval uicized gedee 8. rms -lrms 6085) Hed 8, ua $see Y uBueiet Va el IMUseried yelae d. ad asweea d. Aen Ac. ul aurea iets : © LOR AeN Ac. uBue m2 aizds ulae, [P= Vims ims 608 8) ‘MIL 1 © 58c Bae Erajcict URBUER dledey aA waig aed SOU-dgleldl, 8 = 0. BtIell uicz-gSzz cos b= cos O°= 4. <7. Ula, [P= Vim In 198 a | 8 dide 2A yale aadeN se-cigtdd, 5 = - ane ui2-S522 cos 3 = cos = i. + Ulcle, | os =URiee & uy n). + MBuenti uae ana dledey aed se-cigiae, 8 =-F . ell uae-ga2e, eos = 60s (- 3) -° 6088 yet 2PM. [P=Veme Teme C085) Mi Sci ais wise HA B. ami A rend Wes AL Hy Baalelon A.C. uBueral HOAa UieBetl HERI Seal tel, cvard uBuel aiejorie eieaii alei cei’, ob = 4 i c.[z|=fR?+0=-R wa coss= 2-4. glowslafe : (A) zledighfe S50 AC. ue ¥ ad 8. D.C. ue ail. a. 2. lea, ims lrms }? Hee Ye! 8. (2)d Aedy wei s2ce A rie! sls Asui aés-ciz 52) 218 8, cick’ Vs uid él. (3) dere AC. of enighmi sd Segre sed oe. (4) wieis aed Nel ofzini aed sid Kigcha contact ae, d zoisla Ld Asai 8. (G) wleAs BWA Nel aj cede BeeSIeS Base. reid B. (©) wes we) of! oie ojgion eA zismAa Ez e1i2t Cle ese eit Alef AER. = ats __dte Bed B gs= goara aot, SEs. She. (7) Es el Ep W Agee senii B, Ved 8, duel az sai-dgiad 78. (8) zliewsrle 412 Glof-zizaiel aig] ela d. glows aie yeilere + aud 8, gleeishfeon vrais ofan Pi erizieN efveu Ne @ 212 she ofuen S ai a Ns @ ae aM ofaraiodi 5 _N Ua ec) emf 2159 sp we E58. dl = “eo aeetelifai qehere r 58 8, af, 22u-any Ve 2U-SiGe Zierisfe wid eiscmida AME Nas eGreii yeeeN weir : 22u-an Zievislte a diay aed 8 v4 vaied ais 8. 7g be Ns > Ne 22u-siGer Zlewsfe A diay aais 8 eel yaled dee 8. vg fs Ns < Ne Vs > Vp Vs < Vp Es>Ep Es Ip Rs > Rp Rs < Re rod tea FORMULAE -CH.2 9 Witenes