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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
605
64.437.022800
1.1
1056
967.317400
900
1.1
1.1
1.1
2
(
1.1
()
1.1
4
1.1
,
___ ,
.
___ ,
1.1
**
1.2
1.2
2
1.2
3
C
F
1.3
1.3
1.4
F5
(1)m-m
F1
(2)
F2
(3)
F5
(4)
F1
F4
F3
F4
F2
F3
1.4
F
M
FSF
M Fa
FS
1.4
1.1
m-m
m-m
Y 0 FN P
M (F ) 0
o
FN
Pa M 0
M Pa
1.4
,
F4
F A
F
pm
C
A
F
F3
p lim
A0 A C
F4
p
F3
Pa 1Pa= 1N/m2
1kPa=103N/m2
1MPa=106N/m2
1GPa=109N/m2
1.5
1.
M'
MM'
2.
L'
M
o
x+s
M'
N
N'
1.5
3.
L'
s
xm
x
Mx
s
x lim
x 0 x
y , z
x+s
M'
N
N'
Mxy
lim ( LM N )
MN 0 2
ML0
1.5
250
1.2
0.025
200
a'b, a'd
ab m abad
a
d
a' b ab 0.025
6
m
125
10
200
ab
ab, ad
0.025
tan
100 106 (rad )
250
a'
1.6
1.6
(1)
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.1
2.1
2.1
F F
2.1
2.2
1
F (1)m-m
F
m
FN
F
FN
(2)
(3)
FN F 0
(4)
FN F
2.2
2
F
m
FN
F
FN
FN F 0
FN F
2.2
F1=10kNF2=20kN
F3=35kNF4=25kN;
2.1
A
F1
1 B
2 C
1 F2
F3
F4
FN kN
FN 1 F1 10kN
FN2
F2
1
AB
FN1
F1
F1
3 D
BC
0 FN 2 F2 F1
FN 2 F1 F2
FN3
10 20 10kN
F4
25 CD
10
10
FN 3 F4 25kN
2.2
2.2
FN
FN dA
A
2.2
a
b
c
d
abcd
ab
cd
2.2
1
2
3
a
b
c
d
FN dA
A
dA A
A
FN
2.2
FN
A
FN
2.2
2.2
2.2
ABCB
F=20kNAB
1
20mmCB
1515
45
1
B
12
C
2
B
F
FN 1
y
0
F
cos
45
FN 2 0
x
N1
FN 2 45 B x Fy 0 F sin 45 F 0
A
N1
FN 1 28.3kN
FN 2 20kN
2.2
FN 1 28.3kN
1
45
FN 2 45
FN 1
28.3 103
1
A1 20 2 10 6
4
90 106 Pa 90MPa
FN 2 20 103
2
2
6
A2 15 10
FN 1
FN 2 20kN
y
B
F
89 10 6 Pa 89MPa
2.2
d
0.8m
2.2 AB
d=20mmW=15kNW
AAB
A
C
1.9m
WAAB
Fmax
Fmax
W
Fmax
FRCx
FRCy
Fmax
Fmax sin AC W AC 0
Fmax
sin
2.2
d
0.8m
ABC
1.9m
AB
Fmax
FN Fmax 38.7kN
W
Fmax
FRCx
FRCy
BC
0.8
sin
0.388
AB
0.82 1.92
W
15
Fmax
38.7kN
sin 0.388
Fmax
AB
FN
38.7 103
A (20 103 ) 2
4
123 106 Pa 123MPa
2.3
A
F F
A
F
cos
F
F F
p
cos cos
A A A
p
2
k
p
FN F
A A
p cos cos
0 , max
p sin cos sin sin 2
45 , max
2
2
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
e
b
e
P
a c
2bc
3ce
4ef
1ob
P
e
EGN/m2
tan
2.4
:
l1 l0
A A1
100% 0
100%
l0
A0
5% 5%
20 30% 60%
2.4
d
b
e
a c
1
2
2.4
p0.2
p0.2
0.2%
2.4
0.5%
bt
bt140MPa
(2)
2.5
2.5
p
S
E ---
2.5
bt
o
bc
bc bt
2.5
2.7
FN
A
u
S p 0.2
u
bt bc
bt
p 0.2
ns
bc
nb
ns
nb
2.7
FN
max
A
1
2
FN
max
A
FN
A
FN A
2.7
2.4
6
D=350mmp=1MPa[]=40MPa
F
p D
2
D p
4
1/6
FN
F
2
D p
6 24
FN
max
A
FN
d 2 D 2 p
4
24
D2 p
0.352 106
3
d
22
.
6
10
m 22.6mm
6
6
6 40 10
2.7
AC50505AB10
=120MPaF
2.5
11
2A
Fx 0 FN1 cos FN 2 0
FN 1
FN 2
FN 1 2 F1 A1
FN 1 sin F 0
FN 1 F / sin 2 F
FN 2 FN 1 cos 3F
2
ACA1=24.8cm2
1
1
F1 A1 120 106 2 4.8 10 4
2
2
57.6 103 N 57.6kN
2.7
3
ABA2=212.74cm2
FN 2 FN 1 cos 3F
FN 2 3F2 A2
FN 1
FN 2
A
F
1
1
A2
F2
120 106 2 12.74 10 4
1.732
3
176.7 103 N 176.7kN
4
F Fi min 57.6kN 176.7kNmin 57.6kN
2.8
l
l l1 l
l
FN F
A A
l
E E
l
FN l Fl
l
EA EA
1
l F , l l
EA
EA
b1 b
l1
b b1 b
b
b
E200GPa0.250.33
2.8
2.8
FNi li
l li
Ei Ai
2.8
2.6
AB2m, 200mm2AC250mm2
E=200GPaF=10kNA
FN 1
FN 2
y
300
A
F
11
2A
Fx 0 FN1 cos FN 2 0
Fy 0 FN1 sin F 0
FN 1 F / sin 2 F 20kN
FN 2 FN 1 cos 3F 17.32kN
2
FN 1l1
20 103 2
3
l1
10
m 1mm
9
6
E1 A1 200 10 200 10
FN 2l2
17.32 103 1.732
3
0
.
6
10
m 0.6mm
l2
9
6
E2 A2 200 10 250 10
2.8
FN 1l1
l1
1mm
E1 A1
FN 2l2
l2
0.6mm
E2 A2
3A
AA1 l1 1mm
x l2 0.6mm
FN 1
0
30
FN 2
A2
A2
A1
A3
l1
l2
sin 30 tan 30
2 1.039 3.039mm
y AA3 A3 A4
A1
A
A
AA2 l2 0.6mm
AA x2 y2 0.6 2 3.039 2
3.1mm
A4
2.9
V
dW Fd (l )
l1
W Fd (l )
dF
F1
F
O l d (l )
l1
p ,
1
W F l
2
1
V W F l
2
1 Fl
F 2l
F
2 EA 2 EA
2.10
2.10
2.10
F 0
F 0
x
FN 1 FN 2
2 FN 1 cos FN 3 F
l1
l1 l2 l3 cos
3
l1
2.7
FN 1l
F l
l3 N 3
E1 A1 cos
E3 A3
l3
1 2E1A1 3
E3A3 F
4
FN 1 FN 2
FN 1l
FN 3l
cos
E1 A1 cos E3 A3
F
F cos 2
, FN 3
E1 A1
E3 A3
3
3
1
2
cos
2 cos
E3 A3
E1 A1
2.10
AB
12
1
2
1
3F 2 FN 2 cos FN 1 0
2
l2
2l1
cos
3
FN 2l
FN 1l
l1
, l2
EA cos
EA
2.8
2
1
l
A
a
l1
l2
B
F
FN 2l
FN 1l
2
EA cos2
EA
3F
FN 1
, FN 2
3
4cos 1
6 F cos 2
4cos3 1
2.11
A
EA, l , l , T
l
FRA A
B
l
1
lT l T l
FRBl
l
EA
3 l lT l 0
FRB
lT
4
FRB EA l T
F
T RB l ET
A
FRBl
l T l
EA
2.11
E1 A1 E2 A2 , E3 A3 ,
1
l1
l1
l3
cos
3
FN 3l3
FN 1l1
E3 A3 E1 A1 cos
l3 l , l1 l2
FN 3
l3
FN 3 2 FN 1 cos
l2
l
,
cos
E3 A3
E3 A3
(1
)l
2 E1 A1 cos
FN 1 FN 2
FN 3
2cos
2.12
max
K
2-13
2-13
2-13
F
F
m
m
F
n F
s
n
F
F
m
FS
m
m
m
F
2
F
2
FS
Fs
m
n
Fs
Fs n
Fs F
Fs F
F
Fs
2
2-13
m-m
,
Fs
A
Fs
A
0.5 0.7
0.8 1.0
2-13
Fbs
bs
Abs
F
Fbs
Fbs
Fbs= F
Abs
2
Abs
2-13
(a)
(b)
bs
Abs d
(c)
Fbs
bs
Abs
bs
bs 1.5 2.5
bs 0.9 1.5
2-13
Fs F
A lb
Fbs F
bs
Abs cb
2-13
Fs 4 F
2
A d
Fbs F
bs
Abs dh
F
4F
2 2
dh
d
8h
bs 2
2-13 3-1
2.
Fs
F
50 103
A 4a 4 0.08 0.01
15.7 10 6 15.7MPa [ ]
F
F=50kNb=150mm
=10mmd=17mma=80mm
[]=160MPa[]=120MPa
[bs]=320MPa
1.
FN
F
A (b 2d )
50 103
2-13
3.
Fs
4F
2F
2
2
A 2d
d
2 50 103
2
0.017
110 106 110MPa [ ]
4.
Fbs
F
50 103
bs
2-13
d=70mm
b h l 20 12 100mm
Me=2kN
m
[]=60MPa[ bs]=
100MPa
b
h
nn
O
Me
(a)
FS
3-2
l
O
Me
(b)
Fbs Abs bs
0.5h
nF n
S
(c)
2-13
1
Fs A bl
d
d
M o 0 Fs bl M e
2
2M e
2 2000
6
28.6
10
Pa 28.6MPa [ ]
9
bld 20 100 70 10
h
Fbs Abs bs l bs
2
h
bl l bs
Fs Fbs
2
95.3
10
Pa 95.3MPa [ bs ]
3
h
12 10
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.,,
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.1
3.1
3.1
:
,
,
3.2
1.
3.2
n /
P
Me
W P 1000(N m)
W M e 2
n
60
3.2
2.
T = Me
3.2
(+),(-)
3.2
3.2
3.1
, n=300r/min,A
PA=45kW, PB=10kW,PC=15kW,
PD=20kW..
(1)
M e 9549 P / n
3.2
(2)
(3)
3.2
MB
MD
MC
T3
T3 M A 1432 N m
MA
MA
Tmax 1432 N m
318N.m
795N.m
1432N.m
3.2
3.3
3.3
M 0
z
M e 2 r r
Me
2 r 2
'
3.3
3.3
G (GN/m2)
2(1 )
3.4
1.
Me
p q
Me
x
p
Me
p q
Me
3.4
Me
a'
b
dx
d _ dx
a
q
_rad
Me
p q
aa ' Rd dx
R
q
d
R
dx
3.4
q
p
d
a e
a ' eO
b
dx
dx
e
cc d dx
d
dx
d
dx
'
3.4
2.
d
G G
dx
3.4
3.
T dA
A
T dA
A
d
G
dx
2 dA
I p dA
2
d
T GI p
dx
Ip
d
G
dx
Ip
3.4
1
2
max p
max
Wt
Ip
R
Wt
3.4
T
I p Wt
Ip
max
Wt I p / R
1
3
D
16
Wt
3.4
Wt I p /( D / 2)
3.4
I p Wt
Wt I p / R
1
D3
16
Wt I p /( D / 2)
3.4
Tm ax
m ax
Wt
1.
max
Tmax
Wt
2.
max
Tmax
(
)max
Wt
3.4
Tmax
max
Wt
Tm ax
m ax
1
Wt
Tm ax
Wt
Tm ax Wt
3.4
3.2
D=89mm=2.5mm20
T=1930Nm,[]=70MPa.
11
d
0.945
D
Wt 0.2 D 3 (1 4 ) 0.2 8.93 (1 0.9454 ) 29 cm3
max
T
1930
6
66.7 10 Pa
6
Wt 29 10
66.7MPa [ ] 70MPa
3.4
3.3
[]
T1 Wt [ ]
T2
16
D (1 )[ ]
3
16
16
D13[ ]
(90)3 (1 0.9444 )[ ]
T1=T2
D (90) (1 0.944 )
3
1
D1 53.1mm 0.0531m
3.4
A1
A2
D12
4
(D d )
2
(0.0531)2
4
22.2 104 m2
A2 6.87 104
0.31
4
A1 22.2 10
31%
3.4
3.4
P7.5kW, n=100r/min,
40MPa, =
0.5
: d1D2
P
7.5
M x T 9549 9549
716.2N m
n
100
T
16T
max1
3 40MPa
WP1 d1
16 716.2
d1
0.045m=45mm
6
40 10
3
3.4
max2
D2
T
16T
40MPa
3
4
WP 2 D2 1
16 716.2
0.046m=46mm
4
6
1- 40 10
d20.5D2=23 mm
D246 mm
d1=45 mm
d223 mm
A1
d1
1
45 10
2
1.28
2
3
2
A2 D2 1 46 10 1 0.5
2
3.4
3.5
P114kW,P2= P3=P1/2
n1=n2=120r/min, z1=36,z3=12;d1=70mm, d
2=50mm, d3=35mm.[]=30MPa.
3
2
1
z1
36
n3n1 120 r/min 360r/min
z3
12
T1=M1=1114 N m
T2=M2=557 N m
T3=M3=185.7 N m
3.4
3
T1 16 1114
max E
Pa 16.54MPa
3
-9
Wt1 70 10
T2 16 557
max H
Pa 22.69MPa
3
-9
Wt 2 50 10
T3 16 185.7
max C
Pa 21.98MPa
3
-9
Wt 3 35 10
3.5
Ti li
i 1 GI Pi
3.5
d
T
dx GI p
T 180
'
GI p
'
max [ ]
'
'
rad/m
/m
[ ]
'
3.5
T
max
[ ]
Wt
1
Wt
D3
16
T
'
max
[ ' ]
GI p
Ip
D4
32
T D []
T []
D []
T D [/]
T [/]
D [/]
3.5
3.6
T=200Nmd=40mm[]=40MPa
G=80GPa[/]=1 /m
max
Wt
3.5
3.7
n=500r/minA P1=400kWCB
P2=160kWP3=240kW[]=70MPa[]=1/m
G=80GPa
(1)AC d1 BC d2
(2)AC BC d
(3)?
d1
A
1.
M e1
C
M e2
d2
M e3
P1
400
T1 M e1 9549 9549
7640 N m
n
500
240
T2 M e3
T1 4580N m
400
3.5
d1
2.
3.d1
max
d2
C
M e2
M e1
M e3
16T
3
d1
7640 N m
4580 N m
16T
16 7640
3
d1
82
.
2
10
m 82.2mm
6
[ ]
70 10
32T
180
max
4
Gd1
32T 180
32 7640 180
3
d1
86
.
4
10
m 86.4mm
2
9
2
G [ ]
80 10 1
4
d1 86.4mm
3.5
d1
4.d2
d2
16T
[ ]
16 4580
70 10 6
69.3 10 3 m 69.3mm
d2
C
M e2
M e1
7640 N m
4580 N m
d2
32T 180
32 4580 180
3
76
10
m 76mm
2
9
2
G [ ]
80 10 1
d 2 76mm
5.
d d1 86.4mm
M e3
3.5
d1
A
6.
C
M e2
M e1
M e3
7640 N m
d1
C
d2
M e2
4580 N m
d2
M e1
3060 N m
4580 N m
M e3
3.7
3.7
3.7
/
1
2
3
T
IP
max
Wt
4
T 180
Tl
GI P
GI P
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
4-1
: ,
4-1
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
4-2
FAx
FBy
FAy
FAx
FAy
FBy
FAx
MA
FAy
4-3
M
FS
FAy
FN
FN
F
M
y
c
FN 0
FS FAy F1
M FAy x F1 ( x a)
FS
M
FS
M
FBy
4-3
M
FAy
FN
FN
FS
FS
FBy
4-3
4-1
1.
Fy 0
FAy FBy 2F
FAy
FBy
2.
FSE
ME
FAy
FBy 3a Fa 2F a
F
5F
FBy
FAy
3
3
F
5F
F
0
F
2
F
y
SE
SE
3
3
a
5F 3a
M
0
2F M E
O
2
3 2
3Fa
ME
2
4-3
F
5F
FBy
FAy
3
3
FSE
O
ME
FAy
FBy
ME
FSE
FBy
FSE FBy 0
F
FSE FBy
3
3a
M o 0 M E FBy 2 Fa
3Fa
ME
2
4-3
FBy
FAy
FAy
FBy
FSE
FAy
F
3
2F
FSE
5F
F
FSE
2F
3
3
5F
3
4-3
F
FBy
3
FAy
FBy
ME
FAy
5F
FAy
3
2F
ME
a
5F 3a
3
2F
Fa
ME
2
2
3 2
4-4
q
4-2
x
q
x
FS
M x
FS x
ql
M x qx 2 / 2
ql / 2
M
ql 2 / 8
FS x qx
0 x l
0 x l
FS maxql
M maxql 2 / 2
4-4
F
x1
C
x2
FAY
FS
FBY
FAyFb/l
Fb / l
Fa / l
M
4-3
C
1
M A0 M B0
Fab / l
FByFa/l
2
x AC FS x1 Fb / l 0 x1 a
M x1 Fbx1 / l 0 x1 a
FS x2 Fa / l a x2 l
CB
M x2 Fal x2 / l a x2 l
x
3.
4-4
a
x1
FAY
4-4
C
x2
B
FBY
M 0 M 0
A
M /l
Ma / l
FAyM / l FBy -M / l
2
FS x1 M / l 0 x1 a
AC
Mb / l
CB
M x1 Mx1 / l
FS x2 M / l
0 x1 a
0 x2 b
M x2 Mx2 / l
0 x2 b
3.
4-4
y
4-5
C
l
FAY
FBY
M 0 M 0
A
FS ql / 2
M 3ql 2 / 32
ql / 8
ql / 2
FS x ql / 2 qx 0 x l
M x qlx / 2 qx 2 / 2
3ql 2 / 32
x
0 x l
3.
B
ql 2
2
ql
ql 2
2
ql
ql
2
FS y qy ql 0
0 y l
0 FN y ql / 2 0
FN y ql / 2
y
2
FS y ql qy
M(y)
q,l
1
2
ABAy
B
FN(y)
FS(y)
4-6
M y 0
0 y l
M y qy y / 2 qly 0
M y qly qy 2 / 2
0 y l
CBCx
x
y
ql 2
2
ql
ql 2
2
x
FS(x)
FN x 0
0 x l
FS x ql / 2 0
FS x ql / 2
M(x)
B
FN(x)
ql 2
2
M x 0
M x qlx / 2
0 x l
M x qlx / 2 0
0 x l
ql 2
2
ql
2
ql
2
AB
CB
FN y ql / 2
FN x 0
M y qly qy 2 / 2
M x qlx / 2
ql
2
ql
2
ql
2
FN
FS x ql / 2
FS y ql qy
ql 2
2
ql
2
FS
ql
4-5
d 2 M ( x) dFs ( x)
q ( x)
2
dx
dx
4-5
d 2 M ( x) dFs ( x)
q ( x)
2
dx
dx
1. q0Fs=
M(x) x
2.qFs(x) x
M(x) x
q > 0
q < 0
3. Fs=0
4.
4-5
5
dFS
dM
q dFS qdx
dM FSdx
FS
dx
dx
b
dF
a
qdx
FS b FS a Aq a
b
dM FSdx
a
M b M a AFS a
b
4-5
F S x Mx
4-5
1kN.m
F
2kN
FAY
1.5m
1.5m
1.5m
FBY
4-6
M 0 M 0
A
AB FAy0.89 kN , FBy1.11 kN
2
ACDEFB
4-5
1kN.m
F
2kN
1.5m
1.5m
FS (kN)
1.5m
1.11
3
F S x Mx
F
1.11 kN
BY
(+)
O
0.89
(-)
M (kN.m)
O
(-)
0.335
1.335
(-)
1.67
F S x Mx
4-5
1kN.m
2kN
FAY
1.5m
1.5m
1.5m
FBY
21
FAy0.89 kN
FFy1.11 kN
1.11
+
Fs kN
0.89
2 AC
DB
3 A
4-5
1kN.m
2kN
1.5m
FAY
1.5m
1.5m
+
0.89
M kN.m
AA
AC
1.11
Fs kN
FBY
4 A
CC
CD
0.330
DD
-
1.330
DB
BB
1.665
4-5
q
C
FAy
4a
a
FBy
qa
4-7
M 0 M 0
AB
9
3
FAy qa , FBy qa
4
4
2
ABAB
FByqa
4-5
C
A
9
qa FAy
4
FS 9qa / 4
4a
a
FBy
3
qa
4
+
O
9a / 4
2
81qa / 32
7qa / 4
+
3
F S x Mx
qa
qa 2
qa
FSx
5
x
Mx
4-5
q
D
4a
FAy
a
FBy
9qa/4
Fs
9
3
FAy qa , FBy qa
4
4
2A
BD
+
-
qa
21
qa
7qa/4
3 A
4-5
q
D
4a
FAy
a
FBy
9qa/4
Fs
5A
AB
+
-
9a / 4
qa
7qa/4
81qa2/32
M
qa
4
A
qa2
1/29qa/49a/4
=81qa2/32
B
-1/27qa/47a/4
+81qa2/32=qa2
4-5
qa
MA
FAy a
a
FBy
4-8
qa
qa
qa/2
+
Fs
MA
FAy
FDy
FDy
qa/2
FBy
-
qa2/2
qa2/2
FDy qa / 2
FBy 3qa / 2
FAy qa / 2
M A qa 2 / 2
4-6
4-6
F
F
FS
FN
4-10
FN F sin
FS F cos
M FR sin
FR
FN
FS
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-6
5-1
FN
A
T
IP
M
FS
?
?
5-1
CD
ACBD
5-2
m n
a
b
m
m x n
a
b
n
5-2
5-2
m
a
o
b
m
a
o
by
dx
5-2
FNMyMz
EI Z
5-2
E
M
EI Z
My
IZ
5-2
My
IZ
Mymax
max
IZ
max
WZ
WZ
min
IZ
ymax
WZ
5-2
I Z y 2 dA
IZ WZ
IZ
Wz
64
32
bh
IZ
12
bh
Wz
6
IZ
y max
Wz
IZ
64
b0 h0 bh 3
IZ
12
12
(1 4 )
3
3
b
h
bh
D
0 0
4
W
) /(h0 / 2)
Wz
(1 )
z
12
12
32
3
5-3
l h
l / h > 5
5-3
My
IZ
IYZ =0
max
IZ
WZ
5-3
max
max
y max
Iz
max
WZ
1.
2.
3. M I z
4.
t ,max t
c,max c
5-3
q=60kN/m
FAY
FS
l = 3m
FBY
30
3.
4.E=200GPa
C
1.
90kN
M C 90 1 60 1 0.5 60kN m
180
1m
1.C K
2.C
120
5-1
ql 2 / 8 67.5kN m
3
3
bh
0
.
12
0
.
18
x
IZ
5.832 105 m 4
12
12
90kN
180
60 103 (
30) 10 3
M y
2
K C K
IZ
5.832 10 5
5-3
q=60kN/m
FAY
l = 3m
180
120
1m
2.C
FBY
30
z
M C 60kN m
C
I Z 5.832 10 5 m 4
FS 90kN
Cmax
90kN
M
ql 2 / 8 67.5kN m
M C ymax
IZ
180
10 3
2
5.832 10 5
60 103
5-3
q=60kN/m
FAY
l = 3m
180
1m
3.
120
FBY
30
z
M max 67.5kN m
I z 5.832 10 5 m 4
FS 90kN
M max ymax
max
IZ
90kN
M
ql 2 / 8 67.5kN m
180
10 3
2
5.832 10 5
67.5 103
5-3
q=60kN/m
FAY
l = 3m
180
1m
4. C
120
FBY
30
z
K
y
M C 60kN m
C
I Z 5.832 10 5 m 4
FS 90kN
EI
x
90kN
ql 2 / 8 67.5kN m
MC
60 103
194.4m
5-3
5-2
60MPa.
max
max
max
Iz
M
max
Wz
ymax
5-3
1
2
3BC
4
B
Fa 62.5 267 32
max
3
WzB d1
0.163
32
41.5 106 Pa 41.5MPa
MB
Fb
Fa
C
max
MC
WzC
Fb 62.5 160 32
6
46
.
4
10
Pa 46.4MPa
3
3
d 2
0.13
32
5-3
5-3
140MPa,
1
2
M max
max
Wz
M max
Wz
5-3
1
2
M max
max
Wz
Wz
M max
140 10 6
962 10 6 m 3 962cm 3
4
36c
5
Wz 962cm3
q 67.6kg/m
5-3
T
t 30MPa, c 60MPa,
5-4
t ,max t , c,max c
5-3
z1
52
z
yc
80 20 10 120 20 80
52mm
80 20 120 20
2z
80 203
Iz
80 20 42 2
12
20 1203
20 120 282
12
7.64 10 6 m 4
5-3
3
4B
2 .5kN.m
4kN.m
4 103 52 10 3
t ,max
7.64 10 6
27.2 106 Pa 27.2MPa t
4 103 88 103
c ,max
7.64 10 6
46 .1106 Pa 46 .1MPa c
5-3
3
4B
t ,max 27.2MPa t
2 .5kN.m
c,max 46.1MPa c
4kN.m
5C
2.5 103 88 10 3
t ,max
7.64 10 6
28.8 106 Pa 28.8MPa t
5-4
b
P
m1
q(x)
m1
Fs
B x
n1
dx
p1
q1
n1
dx
( // Fs )
1
2
5-4
m1
m1
FN1
M+dM
y
dx
q1
p1
n
A y1dA
1
y1
dA
M
M
pn : N1 A1 dA A1
y1dA
Iz
Iz
M dM
p1n1 : N 2
Iz
dx n1
n1
y FN2
A y1dA
1
5-4
M dM
X 0, I
z
M
A1 y1dA
Iz
'
y
d
A
bdx 0
A1 1
m
m1
FN1
p
p1
n
q
q1
dx n1
dM 1
( )
dx I z b
'
dA
y
FN2
y1
dM
Fs ,
dx
A1 y1dA
y1dA S z * ,
*
z
Fs S
I zb
' ,
5-4
3 FS
2 A
5-4
Fs h 2
2
( y )
G 2I zG 4
P
P
Fs
Fsq
5-4
Fs
max
4 Fs
3 R 2
5-4
F
s
b0
z
h h
0
Fs
b0 h0
5-4
max
max
=6(l/d)
5-4
bh
max
max
=4(l/h)
5-4
l / h < 5
A
C
E
l
5-4
F
50
z50
50
5-5
1m
0.34MPa= 10 MPa
[]=1MPa
100
FS
M
Fl
1.
2.
m ax
F1
M m ax 6F1l
2
Wz
bh
3750N 3.75kN
6l
3.
5-4
F
50
z50
50
4.
100
2
FS
M
Fl
5.
h
F
b
3
F
FS S Z*
4F3
3
g
3
bh
IZb
3bh
b
12
3bh g 3 100 150 10 6 0.34 106
F3
4
4
3825N 3.825kN
F Fi min3.75kN
5-6
M max
max
[ ]
WZ
1. Mmax
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-6
M max
max
[ ]
WZ
2. WZ
5-6
5-6
bh2 b(d 2 b2 )
WZ
6
6
(b 2 h 2 d 2 )
dWZ 1 2
2
(
d
3
b
)0
db
6
2
2
d
2d
2
2
b
,h
3
3
h
2
b
5-6
WZ
bh 2
WZ
hb 2
5-6
3
5-6
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-1
7-1
6-1
6-1
6-2
1.
y y( x )
y
y
x
dy
tan
dx
7-2
6-2
2.
1
M
EI z
1
M ( x)
( x)
EI z
6-2
d y
2
1
dx
dy 2 3
[1 ( ) ]
dx
y
M (x) > 0
M (x) > 0
dy
dx 2 > 0
O
y
d y
2
dx
M (x) < 0
M (x) < 0
dy
dx 2 < 0
d y M ( x)
2
dx
EI z
6-2
d 2 y M ( x)
2
EI z
dx
6-3
d 2 y M ( x)
2
dx
EI z
d2y
EI z
M ( x)
2
dx
dy
EI z
EI z M ( x )dx C
dx
EI z y M ( x )dxdx C x D
7-3
6-3
CD
yA 0
yA 0
yA
y AL y AR
A 0
AL AR
y AL y AR
AAA
~
A
~
A
AA A
~~~
AA AA A
A A A A
A AA A A
~
6-3
1
EI
2x
M ( x ) F (l x ) F ( x l )
3
d2y
EI 2 M ( x ) F ( x l )
dx
yB
dy
1
EI
EI F ( x l ) 2 C
dx
2
1
EIy F ( x l )3 Cx D
6
F
B
B
6-3
4
x 0,
x 0,
A 0
yA 0
1 2
C Fl ,
2
1 3
D Fl
6
1
1 2
2
EI F ( x l ) Fl
2
2
1
1 2
1 3
3
EIy F ( x l ) Fl x Fl
6
2
6
6
x l,
Fl 2
max B
,
2 EI
yB
Fl 3
ymax yB
3 EI
F
B
B
6-3
2 EI
l=a+ba>b
FAx 0, FAy
Fb
Fa
, FBy
l
l
AC
Fb
M x1 FAy x1
x1 ,0 x1 a
l
ym ax
FAy
x1
B x
FBy
x2
CB
M x2 FAy x2 F ( x2 a )
Fb
x2 F ( x2 a ),
l
a x2 l
6-3
3
AC
0 x1 a
y
d 2 y1
Fb
EI
M ( x1 )
x1
2
A
dx1
l
A
dy1
Fb 2
EI
EI ( x1 )
x 1 C1
dx1
2l
FAy
Fb 3
x1
EIy1
x 1 C1 x1 D1
6l
CB
a x2 l
d 2 y2
Fb
EI
M ( x2 )
x2 F ( x2 a )
2
dx 2
l
dy
Fb 2 F
EI 2 EI ( x2 )
x 2 ( x2 a )2 C 2
dx 2
2l
2
Fb 3 F
EIy2
x 2 ( x2 a )3 C 2 x2 D2
6l
6
F
D
ym ax
B x
FBy
x2
6-3
4
x1 0,
x2 l ,
y1 (0) 0
y2 ( l ) 0
x1 x2 a,
x1 x2 a,
1 (a ) 2 (a )
y1 (a ) y2 (a )
ym ax
FAy
x1
1
Fb 3
C1 C 2 Fbl
6
6l
D1 D2 0
B x
FBy
x2
6-3
5
AC
0 x1 a
Fb 2 Fb 2
EI 1
x1
(l b2 )
2l
6l
Fb 3 Fb 2
EIy1
x1
(l b 2 ) x1
6l
6l
FAy
x1
CB
a x2 l
ym ax
Fb 2 F
Fb 2 2
2
EI 2
x2 ( x2 a)
(l b )
2l
2
6l
Fb 3 F
Fb 2 2
3
EIy2
x2 ( x2 a)
(l b ) x2
6l
6
6l
B x
FBy
x2
6-3
6
d
0
dx
dy
0
dx
l 2 b2
,
3
x l , max B
Fab
(l a )( )
6 EIl
ym ax
ym ax
FAy
x1
Fb ( l 2 b 2 ) 3
9 3 EIl
( )
B x
FBy
x2
6-3
6-4
n
M(x) y
d2y
EI 2 EIy'' M ( x )
dx
i
M i ( x ) i yi
EIy'' i M i ( x )
n
M i ( x ) M ( x )
i 1
7-4
i 1
i 1
6-4
n
i 1
y yi
i 1
i ,
i 1
6-4
3 qlEI
C yC B
B
yC1
yC yC 1 yC 2 yC 3
B B1 B 2 B 3
23CB
yC2
yC3
5ql 4
yC1
384 EI
ql 4
yC 2
48EI
ql 4
yC 3
16 EI
ql 3
B1
24 EI
ql 3
B1
16 EI
ql 3
B3
3EI
6-4
3
5ql 4
ql 4
ql 4
yC yCi
384 EI 48 EI 16 EI
i 1
3
yC1
11ql 4
( )
384 EI
ql 3
ql 3
ql 3
B Bi
24 EI 16 EI 3EI
i 1
3
yC2
yC3
11ql 3
( )
48 EI
6-4
4 ql
EICyCC
yC
AB
6-4
yC
yC 1
2
C
ql 4
ql 3
yC 1
, C1
8 EI
6 EI
3
l
ql
yC 2 y B 2 B 2
C 2
2
48 EI
ql 4
ql 3
l
,
128 EI 48 EI 2
3
yB 2
41ql 4
yC yCi
384 EI
i 1
2
yC 2
7ql 3
C Ci
48EI
i 1
2
6-4
6-5
1.
2.
7-6
F
MA
FA y
MA
FA y
C
6-5
a F
2a
A
A
(a)
B
B
2a
C
a
MA
MA
(b)
(c)
A
A
A
A
A
(c)
(d)
(d)
(d)
EI
(a)
(b)
A
A
B
B
C
C
FBy
B
B
B
FBy
B
B
F
FF
1
2
C
C
C
F C
FBy
yB ( yB ) F ( yB ) FBy 0
MA
F
M AA y
FA y
6-5
a F
2a
A
(a)
2a
C
a
(a)
(b)
MA
A
A
FAy
MA
MA
A
A
A
A
A
(b)
(c)
(d)
(d)
(d)
B
B
(c)
F (2a) 2
14 Fa 3
( yB ) F
(9a 2a)
6 EI
3EI
( y B ) FBy
C
C
FBy F
B
B
B
FF
C
C
C
FBy
F
B
B
FBy
C
C
8 FBy a 3
3EI
3
14 Fa 3 8FBy a
0
3EI
3EI
7
FBy F
4
MA
Fa
( ),
2
3
FAy F ( )
4
6-5
7 AB BC B AC EIF = 40kN
q = 20kN/m
yB1 yB 2
MA
q 44 FB 43
yB1
8EI
3EI
yB1
FB
FA
FB
FB FB
yB2
MC
FC
yB 2
FB 43
F 22
3 4 2
6 EI
3EI
6-5
q 44 FB 43 F 22
FB 43
3 4 2
8EI
3EI
6 EI
3EI
3 40 10 20 4 4
8.75 kN
FB
2
3
2 6 4
8 4
A
MA
yB1
FB
yB2
0,
FA FB 4q 0
FA 4q FB 4 20 8.75 71.25 kN
FB
FA
MC
FC
0,
M A 4q 2 4FB 0
M A 4q 2 4 FB
4 20 2 4 8.75 125 kN m
6-5
C
0,
FB FC F 0
FC F FB 40 8.75
48.75 kN
MA
yB1
FB
FA
FB
yB2
0,
MC 2F 4FB 0
M C 4FB 2F
MC
FC
6-5
AC
MC
MA
FC
FA
FA 71.25 kN( )
M A 125 kN m( )
71.25
FC 48.75 kN( )
FS ( )
M C 115 kN m(
kN
M
(kN m ) ( )
125
8.75
1.94
( )
48.75
17.5
( )
115
6-6
1
6-6
2
6-6
2
wC 2
62.5%
wC1
6-6
3
6-6
2
3
7-1
7-3 -
7-4 -n
7-5
7-8
7-11
71
71
45
71
FN
Mz
FQ
71
F
F
p cos cos2
p sin
71
l
S
T
2
3
Fa
Fl
Mz
T
Wt
Mz
Wz
T
Wt
Mz
Wz
71
z
zx
x
xz
z
zy
yz
xy yx
2
3
1 2 3
1, 2 , 3
71
1
2
3
71
S
F
2
l/2
Fl
Mz
4
l/2
5
4
3
2
1
7-3 -
1.
yx
xy
x
y
xy
yx
a
dA
F 0
t
7-3 -
xy
F 0
t
a
dA
yx
y
7-3 -
1
cos2 (1 cos 2 )
2
1
2
sin (1 cos 2 )
2
yx xy
1
1
( x y ) ( x y ) cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
1
( x y ) sin 2 xy cos 2
2
7-3 -
2.
y
x
yx
xy
x
y
xy
yx
7-3 -
3.
1
1
( x y ) ( x y ) cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
d
( x y ) sin 2 2 xy cos 2
d
0
( x y ) sin 2 0 2 xy cos 2 0 0
(x y )
2
sin20 xycos20 20 0
2
7-3 -
tan 2 0
2 xy
x y
max
min
x y
2
x y
2
2
y 4 xy
2
y 4 xy
1 2 3
7-3 -
1
x 60MPa xy 30MPa,
y 40MPa, 30
xy
7-3 -
1
x y x y
cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
xy
60 40 60 40
cos(60 ) 30 sin( 60 )
2
2
9.02MPa
x
x y
sin 2 xy cos 2
2
60 40
sin( 60 ) 30 cos(60 )
2
58.3MPa
7-3 -
2
xy
x y
x y 2 2
max
(
) xy
2
2
68.3MPa
x x y ( x y ) 2 2
xy
min
2
2
48.3MPa
1 68.3MPa, 2 0, 3 48.3MPa
7-3 -
xy
tg 2 0
2 xy
x y
60
0.6
60 40
0 15.5 ,
0 15.5 90 105.5
1 0 15.5
3 0 105.5
7-3 -
3
3
xy
15.5
7-3 -
tg 2 0
2 xy
x y
0 45
135
2
max x y
x y
2
xy
2
2
min
max 1 xy
min 3 xy
xy
1
45
7-4 -
1
1
( x y ) ( x y ) cos 2 xy sin 2
2
2
1
( x y ) sin 2 xy cos 2
2
x y 2 2
x y 2 2
(
) (
) xy
2
2
7-4 -
1.
x y 2 2
x y 2 2
(
) (
) xy
2
2
x y 2 2
R (
) xy
2
C
x y
2
7-4 -
2.
y
y
yx
xy
D
A
x y 2 2
R (
) xy
2
D (x ,xy)
D/
(y ,yx)
x y
2
7-4 -
3
y
y
yx
H ( a , a )
xy x
x
D (x ,xy)
D/
(y ,yx)
x y
2
7-5
2
1
3
7-5
m ax
1
0
2
3
1 3
2
7-8
1.
y
x E x
y x
2
7-8
2
2
3
1
2
( ) + ( ) + ( )
E
E
E
1
1 1 2 3
E
7-8
2
1
1 1 2 3
E
1 1
2
2
3
1
E
1
3 3 1 2
E
7-8
3
zx
x
xz
zy
yz
xy yx
1
x [ x ( y z )]
E
1
y [ y ( z x )]
E
1
z [ z ( x y )]
E
xy
xy
G
yz
yz
G
zx
zx
G
7-11
FN ,max
[ ]
max
A
M max
[ ]
max
W
max [ ]
*
z
Fs S
[ ]
max
bI z
T
max
[ ]
Wp
max [ ]
7-11
m ax
max
max [ ]
max [ ]
7-11
7-11
(1)
(2)
7-11
1.
,,
b
0
7-11
1 b
b
1
n
7-11
2.
,,
1 [ 1 ( 2 3 )] / E
b / E
0
7-11
b
1
[ 1 ( 2 3 )]
E
E
1 ( 2 3 ) b
b
1 ( 2 3 ) [ ]
n
7-11
3.
,,
max
max
max ( 1 3 ) / 2
s /2
0
7-11
1 3
s
ns
7-11
( max 0)
2 15%
7-11
4.
,,
vsf v
0
sf
sf
sf
7-11
7-11
r [ ]
r ,1 1 [ ]
r ,2 1 ( 2 3 ) [ ]
r ,3 1 3 [ ]
7-11
1
1 2 4 2
2 2
2 0
1
3 2 4 2
2 2
r 3 1 3 2 4 2
r4
1
[( 1 2 ) 2 ( 2 3 ) 2 ( 3 1 ) 2 ]
2
2 3 2
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-1
10-1
8-1
8-1
8-1
8-1
F
a
8-2
10-3
8-2
c,max
F
c
A
t ,max
Fl
t ,max
W
Fl
c ,max
W
t ,max
c,max
Fl F [ ]
t ,max
t
W A
Fl F
c,max [ c ]
W A
8-2
8-1
[t]
30MPa[c]120MPaF
1
350
350
M
y1
z0
FN
z1
A 15000mm2
z0 75mm
z1 125mm
I y 5.31107 mm 4
50 2
FN F
M F 350 75 10 3
150
50
150
425 F 103 N m
8-2
z0 75mm
A 15000mm2
I y 5.31107 mm 4 z1 125mm
FN F
M 425 103 F N.m
350
t . max
M
FN
425 10 3 F 0.075
F
5
5.31 10
15 10 3
667 F Pa
c. max
t . max
c.max
Mz0 FN
Iy
A
Mz1 FN
Iy
A
425 10 3 F 0.125
F
5.3110 5
15 10 3
934 F Pa
8-2
F
t .max 667 F
c.max 934 F
350
4F
t . max 667 F t
FN
t 30 106
F
667
667
45000 N
c. max 934 F c
t . max
c.max
c 120 106
F
934
934
F 45000 N 45kN
128500 N
8-3
8-3
Fy F cos
Fz F sin
(1)
x
M z Fy (l x) F (l x) cos
M y Fz (l x) F (l x) sin
M z max Fl cos
x
M y max Fl sin
8-3
(2)
x yz
Mz y Myz
Iz
Iy
y cos z sin
F (l x)(
)
Iz
Iy
8-3
y0 cos z0 sin
F (l x)(
)0
Iz
Iy
y0 cos z0 sin
0
Iz
Iy
y0
Iz
tan
tan
z0
Iy
8-3
t max
t max
My
c max
c max
max
Wy
My
max
Wy
Mz
max
Wz
Mz
Wz
D1
t ,max [ t ]
D2
c,max [ c ]
max
8-3
fy
fz
f y2 f z2
Fy l 3
3EI z
Fz l
fz
3EI y
fz Iz
tan
tan
fy Iy
fy
I y Iz
Iy Iz
8-4
l
S
T
2
3
Fa
Fl
Mz
T
Wp
Mz
Wz
T
Wp
Mz
Wz
8-4
1
Wp
Mz
Wz
W
T
Wp
T
Wp
Mz
Wz
x y 1
2
max
x y 4 xy2
2
2
1 2
4 2 0
2 2
x y 1
2
min
x y 4 xy2
2
2
1 2
4 2 0
2 2
8-4
M
WP
1 2
1 4 2
2 2
2 0
1 2
3 4 2
2 2
8-4
1 2
1 4 2
2 2
M
2 0
W
T
1 2
3 4 2
Wp
2 2
8-4
1
2
2
T
[ ]
r 3
W
1
2
2
0
.
75
T
[ ]
r 4
W
W MT
32
32
1
4
8-4
8-2
Me=300Nm
R=200mmF1=1400N
=100MPad
150
200
8-4
300 N.m
1400N
1500N
150
200
F2 R M e
M e 300
F2
1500 N
R
0.2
2
300 N.m
128.6N.m
120N.m
T 300 N.m
M M y2 M z2 176 N.m
8-4
3d
Wp
M 2 T 2
r3
W
M
W
M 2 0.75T 2
r4
W
8-4
r3
M T
W
2
32 M T
2
d 3
32
32 176 300
6
100 10
2
32.8 10 m 32.8mm
1
2
3
4
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.2
M Fw
9.2
9.2
9.2
----
1
1
Fcr 2
l
Fcr
Fcr EI
Fcr
3 Fcr
, w A sin
l
l
l
x ,w A
2
9.2
9.3
l
A
l
C
Fcr
2 EI
(2l ) 2
9.3
Fcr
Fcr
B
B
D
C
A
Fcr
l
4
0.7l
l
2
l
4
EI
2
(0.5l ) 2
F EI
cr (0.7l ) 2
2
9.3
y
2 EI
Fcr
(l ) 2
2 EI
Fcr
2
( l )
9.3
9.4
1
E
cr 2
9.4
{i
2
2
E
p
cr
2
cr
E
p
2
1
2E
p
9.4
3
s cr p
cr s
2 1 ()
cr a b
a s
2 ()
ab
a s
2
b
cr s
9.4
l
i
2E
1
P
a s
2
b
I
A
P
s
2E
1
() cr 2
1 2 () cr a b
()
cr s
9.4
9.4
l i
Fcr cr A
9.5
Fcr
F [F ]
nst
n st
Fcr
nst
n
F
cr
nst
n
Fcr
nst
n
F
Fcr F
9.5
D
F=10kNABD=50mm
d=40mmQ235
E=200GPa 1 =100[nst]=3
AB
CD
AB
l
i
1.5
cos 30
1
1.732 m
9.5
AB
l
i
11.732 103
108 1
16
1
l
1.5
cos 30
I
AB
2 EI
Fcr
118 kN
2
l
1.732 m
D d 4
64 D 2 d 2
D2 d 2
16 mm
4
FN 26.6kN
Fcr 118
n
4.42 nst 3
FN 26.6
AB
9.5
l=37.5cm
d=4cm45
F=80kNnst=4
d 4 4
d 4
1cm
2
64 d
4 4
2 37.5
75
i
1
452=601=1002<<1
9.5
2
a=589MPa,b=3.82MPa,
0.042
4
381000 N 381kN
Fcr 381
n
4.76 4 nst
F 80
9.5
1220cm2,l = 7m, E =
10GPa,
1 110
y
a,
12cm
12cm
7m
7m
20cm
: 1xoz
20cm
12 203
Iy
8000cm 4
12
Iy
8000
i y
5.77cm
A
12 20
9.5
l 1 700
121 1 110
iy
5.77
>1
l 2
z
12cm
12cm
7m
E
2
2
20cm
3.14 2 10 109 8 10 5
161kN
2
1 7
cr
2 EI y
7m
Fcr
20cm
3.14 2 10 109
6.73MPa
2
121
9.5
2xoy
b,
iz
z
12cm
12cm
20cm
7m
7m
20 12
Iz
2880cm 4
12
y
20cm
Iz
2880
3.46cm
A
12 20
0.5
0.5 700
101 1 110
iz
3.46
9.5
a 29.3MPa, b 0.194
12cm
z
12cm
7m
20cm
cr a b
7m
y
20cm
Fcr cr A
Fcr 161kN
cr 6.73MPa
9.6
2 EI
Fcr
( l ) 2
Fcr
l
I
E
9.6
9.6
9.6
4
5
10-1
10-2
10-4
10-1
10-2
1.
2.
3.a
1.
P
st
2.
3. a
FNd
maa
Q
FNd Q
Q
a0
g
a
kd (1 )
g
a
FNd Q(1 ) kd Q
g
FNd
Q
kd kd st
() d
A
A
10-1QA
Fst Ax Q
Ax
Q
a
g
g
a
Q Ax Q Ax
g
a
Q Ax 1
g
a
Fst 1
g
FNd Ax
Kd 1
aQ
FNd
Fst
Ax
Ax A x a
FNd K d Fst
d K d st
Q
Q ga
DA
A D 2
A D 2
qd
g
2
2g
FNd
FNd
qd D
A D2 2
4g
2
FNd
FNd
D2 2 v 2
g
A
4g
v2
g
[ ]
vA
A
10-4
1.;
2.;
3. ;
4.
TV
T V V d
1
V d Fd d
2
V d
V Q d
1
Q(h d ) Fd d
2
Fd d d
Q st st
1 2d
V d
Q
2 st
Fd
d
Q
st
V Q d
T V V d
1 2d
V d
Q
2 st
bca
2T st
d 2 st d
0
Q
2
2T
2h
Kd 1 1
1 1
Q st
st
Fd K d Q
d K d st
2T
d st 1 1
Q st
Fd d d
Kd
Q st st
d K d st
T=0
2T
Kd 1 1
Q st
,2
2
1. h ,
v
Qv
2g
2T
v
Kd 1 1
1 1
Q st
g st
2. h
v 0,
v 2 v0 2 2 gh
v2
v 0 2 gh
Kd 1 1
1 1
g st
g st
3.
1Q 2
T
v
V 0
2 g
1 d
1
Q
d 2
U d Fd d
d
2 st
2 st
2
Fd d
1Q 2
Q
2
v
d
Q st
2 g
2 st
v2
st
g st
Kd
v2
g st
10-2 EI W
Q
4Q a 3
st
3E I
st max
Qa
Q h
3EIh
2h
1 1
Kd 1 1
st
2Qa 3
d max
Kd
st max
d max Kd s max
3EIh
1 1
3
2
Qa
Qa
Qa
Qa
10-3QABBB
st
Ql3
4Q l 3
3 E I E bh 3
h
l
E b h4
2h
Kd 1 1
1 1
st
2Ql3
Ebh 4
wB d K d st 1 1
3
2
Ql
4Ql 3
Ebh3
10-4
1kN
0.625mmd=40mm, l =4m
[]=120MPa, E=200GPa
15kNh
st 15 0.625 10 3 Ql 9.62 10 3 m
EA
3
Q
15
10
2h
12 MPa
st
Kd 1 1
2
A
d
st
4
2h
d K d st 1 1
12 [ ] 120
st
h 0.385m=385 mm
11-1
11-2
11-1
=Kd
1
Kd
Kd
a
1
g
an
K d (1 1
Kd
v2
g st
2h
)
st
max min
t
(1) r
r = -1
min
max
r = 0
r < 0 r > 0
(2)
(3)
max min
1
2
m ( max min )
r = -1
N
N
S-N 40Cr
r =-1max = /2S-N max
max/MPa
850
750
650
550
104
105
106
107
108
max /MPa
850
750
650
550
4
10
10
10
10
10
(1)
(2)N
(3)
-1
S-N
b 400 ~ 500MPa
( -1 ) b 170 ~ 220MPa
( -1 ) t 120 ~ 160MPa
11-4.
1.
1 d
1 K
1 d
1 K
max
n
2.
( 1 ) d
11.1
( 1 ) d
3.
( 1 )
11.2
13-1
=W
13-2
1 Fl
1
V W F l F
2 EA
2
F l FN l
2 EA 2 EA
2
FN ( x)
V
dx
2 EA( x)
l
F
l
1
M el M e l
1
T l
V W M e M e
2
G I p 2G I p 2G I p
2
2
T ( x)
V
dx
2G I p ( x)
l
V W
2
2
1 M e 1 M e M e l M e l M l
2
EI
2
2E I 2E I
2
M
( x)
V
l 2E I ( x) dx
13-3
F3
F2
F1
2 3
1
1
1
V W F11 F2 2 F3 3
2
2
2
M (x)
M (x)
N (x)
N (x)
T (x)
2
T (x)
2
FN ( x)dx
M ( x)dx
T ( x)dx
V
2 EA
2 EI
2GI P
L
L
L
O
Fi
B
F
M ( x) F x
2
2 3
M ( x)
F l
V
dx
2E I
6 EI
l
1
W F wB
2
V W wB Fl
3EI
FM0EI
F
A
Me
L
M ( x) M e Fx
M 2 ( x)
1
V
dx
( M e Fx) 2 dx
2 EI
2 EI
L
L
M e2 L M e FL2 F 2 L2
2 EI
2 EI
6 EI
F
A
M0
L
FM0
MeL
V 1
2 EI
V 2
F 2 L3
6 EI
V 1 V 2 V
2
M
L
FL
wA (wA ) F (wA ) M 0
e
3EI
2 EI
FL2 M e L
A ( A ) F ( A ) M e
2 EI
EI
1
1
F 2 L3 M e F 2 M e2 L
V W FwA M e A
2
2
6 EI
2 EI
2 EI
3
13-4
F2
F1
1
F1
i j
11
21
F2
12
22
F1
F2
11
21
12
22
F1F2
1
1
Ve F1 11 F2 22 F1 12
2
2
F2F1
1
1
Ve F2 22 F1 11 F2 21
2
2
F112 F2 21
F1 F2
:
12 21
wC1
B2
F wC1 M B 2
F wC1
Fl
M
16 E I
2
wC1
Ml
16 E I
C C
B2
wC1
F
F wC1 M B 2
l
F
2
F wC1 M
2E I
2
Ml
wC1
8E I
F3
13-5
F2
F1
2 3
1
1
1
V W F1 1 F2 2 F3 3
2
2
2
Fi
Fi Fi
, ,, ,
1
1
V Fi i F1 1 F2 2 Fi i
2
V F1 1 F2 2 Fi i
Fi
Fi i F1 1 F2 2 Fi i
V
Fi i
V
i
Fi
Fi 0
V
i
Fi
Fi FiFi
M 2 ( x)
i
(
dx)
Fi Fi L 2 EI
M ( x) M ( x)
dx
EI
Fi
L
FN j L j
j 1
2 EA j
n F L
V
N j j FN j
i
Fi
Fi
j 1 EA j
V
T ( x) T ( x)
i
dx
Fi L GI P Fi
13-6
F1
F2
C
F1 F2
2
M ( x)
M ( x)
V
dx
2E I
l
F0 1
C
F1 F2
F0
M ( x)
V 0
[ M ( x)]
dx
2E I
l
M ( x) M 0 ( x)
C
[(M ( x) M ( x)]
V 1
dx
2E I
l
0
F0
V 0
F1F2 V
W
F0
1
F1
F2
F0 1
C
W1 V 1
[( M ( x) M ( x)]
V 0 V 1
dx
2E I
l
0
0
M
(
x
)
M
( x)
M ( x)
[ M ( x)]
dx
dx
dx
2E I
2E I
EI
l
l
2
M M( x( x)) MM( x) ( x)
1 E I dx dx
E
I
l
0
M ( x) M ( x)
dx
EI
M ( x) M ( x)
dx
EI
FN ( x) FN ( x)
T ( x)T 0 ( x)
M ( x)M 0 ( x)
dx
dx
dx
EA
GI p
EI
l
l
l
(a)
1
B
(1)B, (b)
M ( x) Fx,
vB
l
M 0 ( x) x
0
2
3
M ( x) M ( x)
Fx
Fl
dx
dx
EI
EI
3EI
0
(2)B, (c)
M ( x) Fx,
B
l
M ( x) 1
0
M ( x) M ( x)
Fx
dx
dx
EI
EI
0
Fl
2 EI
13-7
M ( x)M ( x)
dx
EI
l
EI=const
M ( x)M ( x)dx
l
M0(x)
M ( x)M ( x)dx
l
tg x M ( x)dx
l
tg xC
MC
M ( x) x tg
M ( x)M ( x)
dx
EI
l
M C
EI
2
lh
3
1
lh
3
B
1
wB
Fl
M ( x)M ( x)
dx
EI
M C
EI
1 Fl 2 2l
EI 2 3
Fl 3
3E I
(2)
Fl
m=1
1 Fl
B
1
EI 2
Fl
2E I
q
1
l
M
ql 2 / 8
2 2 l ql 5l
wmax
E I 3 2 8 32
l/4
5ql
384 E I
max
1 2
ql
1
l
EI 3
8 2
ql
24 E I
ql / 8
C
AB
CL12TU34
1
wC
EI
l2 M
8 2
ml
16 E I
2
l/4
1 ml 1
E I 2 3
ml
6E I
1 ml 2
E I 2 3
ml
3E I
CL12TU35
1 l ql 2 3l
wB
EI 3 2
4
4
ql
8E I
ql 2
2
1 l ql
1
EI 3 2
ql
6E I
ql 2
2
CL12TU36
1 l2
m
wC
EI 8
ml
8E I
EI
qX
(1)X
(2)X
F
CL12TU37
(1)
2
ql / 8
1 Fal 2a Fa 2 2a ql 3 a
EI 2
3
2
3 12 2
ql 3
F
8a(l a)
(2)
2
ql / 8
1 Fal 2 Fa 2
ql 3 1
C
1
EI 2
3
2
12 2
ql 3
F
4a(2l 3a)
EID
CL12TU38
3 Pa 2a Pa 3
C
EI 2
3
EI
EI=constAB
AB P
AB
CL12TU39
AB
2 Pa 3 1 1
1 1
2
EI 8 3
2 2
3
2 Pa
3EI
AB 0
A
E
CL12TU40
Pa 2
EI
1 5 1 1
2 6 2 6
2
Pa
2E I
2
Pa
EI
Pa 1 1
E
2
EI 2 3
3
Pa 3
1
2EI 2
3
13 Pa
12 EI
EI=constA
AH A
CL12TU41
AH qa 1 2 1 5 3qa
EI 4
qa
2
qa 2
2
qa
qa / 2
8E I
14-1
14-2
14-3
14-1
Pl
A
14-2
BX1
X1
A
a
1 B
1 1F 1X 1 0
(*)
X1
1F
A
C
B
1X 1
1F F
1X1 X1
1
A
B 11
X11X1
X1
1X1 11 X1
l3
11
3EI
11 X 1 1F 0
1F
Fa 2
(3l a)
6 EI
Fa 2
X 1 3 (3l a)
2l
1X 1
11
14.1 EI=
q
B
a
4a 3
1 a 2 2a
2
11
a a
EI 2 3
3EI
1P
11 X 1 1P
11qa
X A 0, YA
8
qa 2
MA
8
3qa
0 X1
8
3qa
X B 0, YB
8
X1
1 qa
qa
a
EI 2
2 EI
qa 2
2
qa 2
2
14.2
EI
P
A
1
l
11
l 1
EI
EI
1P
C
l 2
l 2
X1
1 Pl 2
Pl 2
1
EI 8
8EI
P 2
11 X 1 1P 0
1
Pl 4
Pl
X 1
8
Pl 2
l
3
Pl 3
Pl
wC
2 8
48EI
16 EI 192 EI
Pl 8
C
l 2
Pl 8
l 2
14.3
q
C
2 a 2 2a 2a 3
11
EI 2 3 3EI
1P
1 2 qa 2
a
qa 4
a
EI 3 8
2
24 EI
11 X 1 1P 0
q
B
qa2 8
qa 2
qa
X1
16
qa 2
7qa
qa
qa
9qa
, YA 16
,YB
XB
X A
16
16
16
P2
P2
P1
P1
P3
X3
X2
P3
X1
i X
i
1 2 3 0
X
i
1 1X1 1X 2 1X 3 1P 0
1 11 X 1 12 X 2 13 X 3 1P 0
2 21 X 1 22 X 2 23 X 3 2 P 0
3 31 X 1 32 X 2 33 X 3 3 P 0
11 X 1 12 X 2 1n X n 1F 0
X X X 0
21 1 22 2
2n n
2F
n1 X 1 n 2 X 2 nn X n nF 0
11 12
21 22
n1 n 2
1n X 1 1F
2 n X 2 2 F
0
nn X n nF
ii
Xi
X
i 1
ij
X
j 1
X
i
iF F
Xi
1
i
X j 1
F
ii
l
ij
l
i F
Mi
Mj
MF
Mi Mi
dx
EI
Mi M j
EI
dx
Mi M F
dx
EI
l
14-3
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P 2
P 2
P 2
P 2
X3
X2
X1
X2
P
X3
12 21 23 32 0
11 X 1 13 X 3 1F
31 X 1 33 X 3 3 F
22 X 2 0
X3
X2
X1
X2
P
X3
12 21 23 32 0
11 X 1 13 X 3 0
31 X 1 33 X 3 0
22 X 2 2 F
14.4: EI=C
q
AB
a 2
1 a 2 2a a 3
11
EI 2 3 3EI
1P
11 X 1 1P
3qa
X C
YC 0 M C 0
16
3qa
X A () X B ()
,
16
q
a 2
3qa
0 X 1
16
qa 2 8
qa 2 8
qa
YA YB
2
qa 2
M A () M B ()
16
a
a 2
1 a 2 qa 2
qa 4
EI 2 8
16 EI
14.5
ACBD
a
P
Q P cos 45
M max
Pa
2
2
P
2
a
P
( M maxP)
C
Q
I-1
I-2
I1
1.
dA
z
Sz y d A
A
, Sy z dA
yd A
A
zd A
A
Sz
y
A
Sy
z
A
S z y A,
Sy zA
yz
yz
z
2
y
z h1 2
b
z
1
y
4
bh
S
2
y
2 dA 2 h 1 b 2 d y 15
A
0
y2
b h
S z y dA yh 1 2 d y
4
b
0
A
y
z h1 2
b
2
dy
y
b
y2
2bh
A dA h 1 2 d y
b
3
0
A
bh 2
Sz
3b
4
y
A 2bh
8
3
2
4bh
Sy
2h
15
z
2bh
A
5
3
y S z 10 120 5 70 10 45 19.7mm
1200 700
A
Sy
10 120 60 70 10 5
z
39.7mm
A
1200 700
h a b h
h
2
a
S y b a a
2
4 2 2 4
I-2
dA
z
O
Iz y dA , I y z dA
2
I y A iy
I z A iz
iy
iz
Iy
A
Iz
A
i y i z yz
I p dA
dA
y z
2
I p I y Iz
O
yz
Iy
h/2
bh
z dA z bdz
12
h/2
2
dz
z
yz
Ip
32
I y Iz I p
I y Iz
dA
z
O
I yz yz d A
A
I yz 0
dA dA
:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
I
I-3
I-4
I-3
z
a
zc
yc
dA
y yc a
z zc b
zc
yc
z
b
zc
z
a
yc
b
O
I z I zC a A
Iy Iy b A
2
Iz Iz a A
2
I yz I y z abA
C
y Iy
z
a
a
d ( 2a )
Iy
12
CL6TU11
d
d 2d d 2d
2
a
8
3
128
8
3
I-4
y1 y cos z sin
z1 y sin z cos
I y1 z1 dA
2
( y sin z cos ) dA
2
I y Iz
2
I y Iz
2
cos 2 I yz sin 2
Iy Iz Iy Iz
cos 2 I yz sin 2
I y1
2
2
Iy Iz Iy Iz
cos 2 I yz sin 2
I z1
2
2
Iy Iz
I y1 z1
sin 2 I yz cos 2
y 0 z0
0
I y0z0
I y Iz
2
sin 2 0 I yz cos 2 0 0
tan 2 0
2 I yz
I y Iz
I y Iz
I y Iz
2
I y
yz
0
2
2
2
I I y Iz I y Iz I 2
yz
z0
2
2
I y0
I z0
I y Iz
2
I y Iz
2
yz
2
2c yoz
I y , I z , I yz
3 0 , I y0 , I z0
ycz
3
40 53
5 60
2
40 5 27.5
I y 2 I y1 I y2 2
12
12
393333 mm 39.33 cm
I z 2 I z1 I z2
3
5 40 3
60 5
2
2
40 5 22.5
12
12
256458 mm 4 25.65 cm 4
I yz 2 I yz1 240 5 27.5 22.5
4
247500 mm 24.75cm
2 I yz
2 24.75
tan 2 0
3.618
I y Iz
39.33 25.65
0 37.3 52.7
I y0
I z0
I y Iz
2
58.2
I y Iz
2
4
cm
yz
2
6.81