"Top 25 JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers For 5 Years of Experience (ES6 and Above) - Medium

"Top 25 JavaScript Interview Questions and Answers for 5 Years of Experience (ES6 and Above) | Medium 6/23/23, 6:39 PM
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20 Javascript interview questions

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I am going to start a series for the JavaScript interview questions which may
help junior to mid level developers.
Below are 20 common JavaScript ES6+ interview questions with examples.
1. What is let and const in JavaScript?
let and const are block-scoped declarations in JavaScript, used to declare

variables. let allows you to reassign the value of the variable, while const
creates a read-only reference to a value.
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Example:
let message = "Hello, World!";

message = "Hello, JavaScript!";
console.log(message); // Output: "Hello, JavaScript!"
const PI = 3.14;
PI = 3.14159; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.
2. What is arrow function in JavaScript?
Arrow functions are a shorthand for anonymous functions in JavaScript.

They are also known as “fat arrow” functions.
Example:
let add = (a, b) => a + b;

console.log(add(1, 2)); // Output: 3
let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let doubledNumbers = numbers.map(num => num * 2);
console.log(doubledNumbers); // Output: [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
3. What is default parameter in JavaScript?
Default parameters allow function parameters to be initialized with default

values if no values are passed or if the values are undefined.
Example:
function greet(name = "John") {

return `Hello, ${name}`;
}
console.log(greet()); // Output: "Hello, John"
console.log(greet("Jane")); // Output: "Hello, Jane"
4. What is spread operator in JavaScript?
The spread operator allows an iterable to be expanded into its elements.
Example:
let numbers1 = [1, 2, 3];

let numbers2 = [4, 5, 6];
let numbers3 = [...numbers1, ...numbers2];
console.log(numbers3); // Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
let person = { name: "John", age: 30 };
let newPerson = { ...person, city: "New York" };
console.log(newPerson); // Output: { name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" }
5. What is destructuring in JavaScript?
Destructuring is a convenient way to extract values from arrays or objects

into variables.
Example:
let numbers = [1, 2, 3];

let [a, b, c] = numbers;
console.log(a, b, c); // Output: 1 2 3
let { name, age } = person;
console.log(name, age); // Output: John 30
6. What is a rest parameter in JavaScript?
A rest parameter is a way to represent an indefinite number of arguments

as an array. It allows a function to take a variable number of arguments.
The rest parameter is represented by three dots (…).
Example:
function sum(...args) {
return args.reduce((a, b) => a + b);
}
console.log(sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5));
// Output: 15
7. What is the difference between var, let, and const in JavaScript?
var is function scoped and its value can be changed, while let and const
are block scoped and their values cannot be changed once they are assigned
with const .
Example:
var name = "John";

var name = "Jane";
console.log(name); // Output: "Jane"
let age = 30;
// age = 31;
console.log(age); // Output: 30
const city = "New York";
// city = "London";
console.log(city); // Output: "New York"
8. What is closure in JavaScript?
A closure is a function that has access to variables in its outer scope, even
after the outer function has returned.
Example:
function outerFunction(counter) {
return function innerFunction() {
return ++counter;
};
}
let counter = 0;
let increment = outerFunction(counter);

console.log(increment()); // Output: 1
console.log(increment()); // Output: 2
9. What is a promise in JavaScript?
A promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an

asynchronous operation.
Example:
let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

setTimeout(() => {
resolve("Hello, World!");
}, 2000);
});
promise.then(result => {
console.log(result); // Output: "Hello, World!"
});
10. What is async/await in JavaScript?
async/await is a way to write asynchronous code that looks and behaves like
synchronous code.
Example:
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async function getData() {

let response = await fetch("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts");
let data = await response.json();
return data;
}
getData().then(data => {
console.log(data);
});
11. What is a template literal in JavaScript?
A template literal is a string that is delimited by backticks (`) instead of

single or double quotes.
Example:
let name = "John";

let message = `Hello, ${name}`;
console.log(message); // Output: "Hello, John"
12. What is a class in JavaScript?
A class is a blueprint for creating objects that defines a set of properties and
methods.
Example:
class Person {
constructor(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
greet() {
return `Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`;
}
}
let person = new Person("John", 30);
console.log(person.greet()); // Output: "Hello, my name is John and I am 30 years old
13. What is a constructor in JavaScript?
A constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created

from a class. It is used to initialize the object’s properties.
Example:
class Person {
constructor(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
greet() {
return `Hello, my name is ${this.name} and I am ${this.age} years old.`;
}
}
let person = new Person("John", 30);
console.log(person.greet()); // Output: "Hello, my name is John and I am 30 years old
14. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?
== performs type coercion, meaning it converts the operands to the same

type before making the comparison, while === does not perform type
coercion and returns false if the operands have different types.
Example:
console.log(1 == "1"); // Output: true

console.log(1 === "1"); // Output: false
15. What is the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?
undefined means a variable has been declared but has not been assigned a
value, while null is explicitly set to represent no value.
Example:
let name;
console.log(name === undefined); // Output: true
let city = null;
console.log(city === null); // Output: true
16. What is the difference between let and const when declaring a constant?
Both let and const can be used to declare a constant, but the value of a
const cannot be changed after it is declared, while the value of a let can be
changed.
Example:
const PI = 3.14;
// PI = 3.15;
console.log(PI); // Output: 3.14
let name = "John";
name = "Jane";
console.log(name); // Output: "Jane"
17. What is a spread operator in JavaScript?
The spread operator ( ... ) allows an expression to be expanded in places

where multiple elements or variables are expected.
Example:

let newNumbers = [...numbers, 4, 5];
console.log(newNumbers); // Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
let newPerson = { ...person, city: "New York" };
console.log(newPerson); // Output: { name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" }
18. What is a rest parameter in JavaScript?
A rest parameter is used to represent an indefinite number of arguments as

an array. It is prefixed with ... in the function definition.
Example:
function sum(...numbers) {
return numbers.reduce((total, num) => total + num, 0);
}
console.log(sum(1, 2, 3)); // Output: 6
19. What is a destructuring assignment in JavaScript?
Destructuring assignment is a way to extract data from arrays or objects

into separate variables.
let person = { name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" };

let { name, age } = person;
console.log(name); // Output: "John"
console.log(age); // Output: 30

let [a, b] = numbers;
console.log(a); // Output: 1
console.log(b); // Output: 2
20. What is a higher-order function in JavaScript?
A higher-order function is a function that takes one or more functions as

arguments or returns a function as a result.
Example:
function multiplyBy(factor) {
return function (number) {
return number * factor;
};
}
let double = multiplyBy(2);
console.log(double(5)); // Output: 10
This series continued in the next blog here.
Thanks for reading!
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20 Javascript interview questions

Photo by JESHOOTS.COM on Unsplash

Below are 20 common JavaScript ES6+ interview questions with examples.

1. What is let and const in JavaScript?

let and const are block-scoped declarations in JavaScript, used to declare

creates a read-only reference to a value.

let message = "Hello, World!";

2. What is arrow function in JavaScript?

Arrow functions are a shorthand for anonymous functions in JavaScript.

let add = (a, b) => a + b;

3. What is default parameter in JavaScript?

Default parameters allow function parameters to be initialized with default

function greet(name = "John") {

4. What is spread operator in JavaScript?

The spread operator allows an iterable to be expanded into its elements.

let numbers1 = [1, 2, 3];

5. What is destructuring in JavaScript?

Destructuring is a convenient way to extract values from arrays or objects

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];

6. What is a rest parameter in JavaScript?

A rest parameter is a way to represent an indefinite number of arguments

7. What is the difference between var, let, and const in JavaScript?

var name = "John";

8. What is closure in JavaScript?

let increment = outerFunction(counter);

9. What is a promise in JavaScript?

A promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an

let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {

10. What is async/await in JavaScript?

async function getData() {

11. What is a template literal in JavaScript?

A template literal is a string that is delimited by backticks (`) instead of

let name = "John";

12. What is a class in JavaScript?

13. What is a constructor in JavaScript?

A constructor is a special method that is called when an object is created

14. What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript?

== performs type coercion, meaning it converts the operands to the same

console.log(1 == "1"); // Output: true

15. What is the difference between null and undefined in JavaScript?

17. What is a spread operator in JavaScript?

The spread operator ( ... ) allows an expression to be expanded in places

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];

18. What is a rest parameter in JavaScript?

A rest parameter is used to represent an indefinite number of arguments as

19. What is a destructuring assignment in JavaScript?

Destructuring assignment is a way to extract data from arrays or objects

let person = { name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" };

let numbers = [1, 2, 3];

20. What is a higher-order function in JavaScript?

A higher-order function is a function that takes one or more functions as

This series continued in the next blog here.

Thanks for reading!

If you’re interested in joining Medium member program, please use my

JavaScript Javascript Interview Javascript Tips Javascript Questions

Written by FullStackTips Follow

I am full stack developer with over 15 years of experience in various programming

More from FullStackTips

10 Commonly Asked JavaScript Spring Boot | Track requests using

· 5 min read · Mar 20 · 3 min read · Jan 14

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