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LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATION AND PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING

LESSON 1
POLICE OPERATION
7 CATEGORIES OF POLICE OPERATIONS

1. PUBLIC SAFETY OPERATION (PSO)

✓ includes search rescue and retrieval operation for drills earthquake drills and
similar operations that promote public safety
2.LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATION (LEO)

Include service of warrant of arrest, implementation of search warrant, anti-illegal

drugs operation, anti-illegal gambling operation, anti-illegal logging operations,
anti-illegal fishing operations, anti-carnapping operations, anti-kidnapping
operations, anticybercrime operation, and similar operations that are conducted
to enforce laws, statutes, executive orders and ordinances
SPECIAL PENAL LAWS
3. INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATION (ISO)

ensure internal security

to safeguard the public in terrorist ✓ Ex. Oplan Exodus
4. SPECIAL POLICE OPERATION (SPO)

✓ Includes checkpoints operations, roadblock operations, civil disturbance

management operations, police assistance in the implementation of final court
order, and order from quasi-judicial bodies, hostage situations and similar point
operations that are conducted by police units with specialized training on the
purity of the mission or purpose.
5. INTELLIGENCE OPERATION (IO)

✓ Include surveillance operations, counter intelligence, intelligence assessment, and

similar police intelligence operations conducted to gather information related to
security public safety and order
6. INVESTIGATION OPERATION (INVO)

✓ To determine facts and circumstances for filing cases criminally or administratively

CRIMINAL CASE- lumabag sa batas
• Imprisonment/ fines
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ADMINISTRATIVE CASE- lumabag sa mga ordinances

• Sanctions
7. SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION (SOCO)
Include the processing of crime scene, technical, and, forensic examination of
evidences and similar scientific investigative assistance

Photography
Sketching
Measurements
INTER-UNIT COORDINATION
✓ personal coordination or by official representative (f2f mode)
✓ coordination by filing coordination form (letter)
✓ coordination by practical or available means of communication (thru technology
messenger, and etc.)

REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE OPERATION

1. BASIC REQUIREMENTS

with a mark police vehicle

led by a police commissioned officer
with personal and prescribe police uniform or attire
POLICE LIEUTENANT TO POLICE GENERAL
TYPE “A” UNIFORM (BUSH COAT)

HEIGHTENED STATUS
ATTENDING IN MALACAÑANG, COURT, AND ETC.
TYPE “B” UNIFORM

FULL ALERT STATUS

FOR FULL 100% ATTENDANCE
TYPE “C” UNIFORM

DAILY OFFICE ATTIRE

FOR POLICE MUNICIPAL UPTO PROVINCIAL
FIELD OFFICE UNIFORM

EXCLUSIVE IN PNP BURAL AND FORESTED AREA

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ATHLETIC UNIFORM FOR PNP

FOR EXERCISE
2. USE OF MEGAPHONES AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS
during actual police intervention operations, the Team Leader shall use
peaceful means including the use of megaphones or any other similar
instruments to warn or influence the offenders or suspects to stop and or
peacefully give up.

3. WARNING SHOTS PROHIBITED

The police shall not use warning shots during police intervention
operations
USE OF FIREARM DURING POLICE OPERATIONS

1. use of firearm when justified

➢ The use of a firearm is justified if the offender passes imminent danger of
causing death or injury to the police officer or other person
2. firing at moving vehicles prohibited but with exceptions
➢ A moving vehicle shall not be fired upon except when its occupants pose
imminent danger of causing death or injury to the police officer or any other
persons and, that the use of firearm does not create a danger to the public and
outweigh that likely benefits of its non-use
3. parameters to be considered in firing at moving vehicles ➢ the ff
parameters should be considered:
intent
capability
accessibility/ proximity
4. filing of an incident report after the use of firearm
➢ report outlining the circumstances must stating the use of his forearm
5. procedures after an armed confrontation
➢ Immediately after an armed confrontation the officer who is in charge or
the operation shall:
secure the site of confrontation
take photographs
check whether the situation still poses imminent danger
evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital
ensure hat all persons who died on the spot are not moved from their original
position arrested suspect should be kept in isolation
conduct debriefing on all involved pnp operatives
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submit after operations report

and ensure psychological stress counseling for all involved pnp operatives

LESSON 2
POLICE PATROL
POLICE PATROL

it serves as the nucleus or focal point of the police department

patrolling is one of the proactive strategies used by police weather in community
environment or a peacekeeping mission as a deterrent to crime
BACKBONE
SHOW WINDOW
EARS AND EYE
DEODORANT
PATROUILLER

French term, means to travel on foot

PSYCHOLOGY OF OMNIPRESENCE

as an initial police strategy is to establish the aura of police presence in the

community through uniformed foot patrol and mobile patrol cars.
Patrol Officer cannot detect the thinking or desire of the criminal yet he can
destroy the opportunity to commit a crime by his presence thus it best for crime
prevention
GOAL OF POLICE PATROLLING (long term/ broader/wide)

is to lower the concentration of crimes by increasing the possibility of arrest at

crime scenes
it also helps apprehend predatory crimes or suspicious persons establishing a
feeling of safety and well-being by producing law-abiding citizen
promoting contact with citizens
delivering non crime-related services
regulating traffic
identifying and addressing community issues
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5 OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PATROL

1. PREVENTIVE ENFORCEMENT
Falls under the heading of protection and involves the prevention of crime
through the noticeable presence of police vehicles and personnel
2. SELECTIVE ENFORCEMENT
This involves going either where the trouble is or where the trouble likely to occur
3.TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT
large police departments have traffic division but the majorities of the
departments are small and have only patrol division to handle traffic enforcement
4. EMERGENCY CALL SERVICE
one of the duties and purposes of patrol is the handling of emergency calls
for service
5.CRIME INVESTIGATION
Preliminary investigation have 3 purposes
1. To determine what is the crime
2. To determine who has jurisdiction
3. To attempt the immediate apprehension of the suspect 3 CLASSES OF
PATROL ACTIVITIES
1. CALLED FOR SERVICE
✓ Incidence requiring immediate police action
2. INSPECTIONAL SERVICE
✓ patrol activity tends to reduce criminal opportunity and accidents
3. ROUTINE PATROL
✓ directed at less tangible hazard such as poor lighted areas, business section, etc.
✓ a length of street or streets designated for patrol purposes
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8 TYPES OF PATROL
1. FOOT PATROL

✓ Most expensive type of patrol in terms of human resources

2 TYPES OF FOOT PATROL
a) FIXED FOOT PATROL

✓ Usually used for traffic, surveillance, parades, and special events

b) MOBILE FOOT PATROL

✓ Use where there is considerable foot movement such as business and shopping
center family dwellings and the like
2. AUTOMOBILE PATROL

✓ It is the most economical type of patrol and offers practical ability when using
numbers it is considered as the most extensively used and most effective means
of transportation of police patrol
3. HELICOPTER PATROL
The most expensive type of patrol in terms of financial resources.
Helicopters are caused by which makes procurement a challenge. Usually this
type of patrol is used in securing a vast area
4. CANINE PATROL

A type of patrol that use k9 dogs to detect explosives and illegal drugs in a
luggage.
Dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times better than a human
GERMAN SHEPHERD
✓ High scoring dog
✓ most frequently used for police work
BLOODHOUNDS
✓ Is a large dog formerly used or tracking, it has jagging saw, dropping ears and
keen sense of smell

5. BICYCLE PATROL
A type of patrol that utilize bicycle in monitoring an area.
it can gain access to small alice which makes crime prevention more effective
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6. CYBER PATROL

✓ The latest type of patrol where police officers savvy with computer technology
monitor computer data and transactions to detect crimes such as money
laundering, pornography, prostitution, human trafficking, and others
7. MOTORCYCLE PATROL

two wheeled motorcycle is quite adaptable to traffic enforcement, parades, escort

duty and congested areas engine because of its high mobility
motorcycle patrol is usually fielded in areas where banks and pawnshops are
concentrated
8. HORSE PATROL
Next to walking patrol. the horse patrol is one of the oldest types of patrol it is
useful in areas where in automobile or motorcycle it not suitable for patrolling.

SPOT CHECK/ ACCOSTING &PAT DOWN SEARCH

SPOT CHECK/ ACCOSTING
It is the brief stopping of an individual, whether on foot or in a vehicle, based on
reasonable suspicion/ probable cause, for the purpose of determining the
individual’ s identity and resolving the officers suspicion concerning criminal
activity
GROUNDS FOR SPOT CHECK
a) The appearance or demeanor of the individual suggests that he is part of a
criminal enterprise or is engaged in criminal act
b) The actions of the individual suggest that he is engaged in a criminal activity
c) Questionable presence of the individual in the area
d) The subject is carrying a suspicious object
e) The suspect’s clothing bulges in manner that suggests he is carrying a
weapon
f) The suspect has been found in the time and place proximate to an alleged
crime
g) The police officer has knowledge of the suspect’s prior criminal record or
involvement in criminal activity and
h) The individual flees at the sight of a police officer
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PROCEDURES FOR SPOT CHECK

1. When approaching the individual, the police officer shall clearly identify himself
as a police officer. If not in uniform, by announcing his identity and displaying
official identification car and/ or badge.
2. Police officers shall be courteous at all times but maintain caution and vigilance
for suspicious movements like tending to retrieve weapon, conceal or discard
contraband, or other similar actions
3. Before approaching more than one individual, police officers should determine
whether the circumstances warrant a request for back-up and whether the spot
check/ accosting can and should be delayed such back up arrives
4. Police officers shall confine their questions as to suspects identity, place, of
residence, and other inquiries necessary to resolve the police officer’s suspicion.
However, in no instance shall a police officer hold a suspect longer than he
period reasonably necessary to be able to make these limited inquiries and to
resolve suspicions
5. Police officers are not required to give the suspect. Miranda Warning unless the
person is placed under arrest
PAT-DOWN SEARCH
It is a frisk or external feeling of the outer garment of an individual for weapons
only
PROCEDURES FOR PAT DOWN SEARCH
1. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be conducted by at least (2)
police officers, one to perform the search while the other provides a protective
cover
2. Because pat-down searches are cursory in nature, they should be performed with
the suspect in a standing position, or with hands placed against a stationary
object, and feet spread apart. However, should an officer visually observe a
weapon, a more secure search position may be used like the prone (lying face
down) position
3. In a pat-down search, officers are permitted only to feel the outer clothing of the
suspect. Police officers may not place their hands inside the pockets of the
subject’s clothing unless they feel an object that could probably be a weapon,
such as a gun, knife, club, or the like.
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4. If the suspect is carrying an object such as a handbag, suitcase, briefcase, sack,

or other similar items that may conceal a weapon, the police officer should not
open the item but instead put it in a place out of the suspect’s reach
5. If the external patting of the suspect’s clothing fails to disclose evidence of a
weapon, no further search may be made. If a weapon is found and the
possession of which amounts to a violation of the law, the police officer shall
arrest the suspect and conduct a complete

If after conducting a spot check/ accosting or pat down search, the police officer
has no basis making an arrest, he should record the facts of such spot check/
accosting or pat down search and forward a report to the appropriate authority. If
the spot check/ accosting or pat- down search gives a justification for a valid
warrantless arrest, then an arrest shall be made.

BASIC POLICE OPERATIONS

POLICE CHECK POINT

✓ It is a location where the search, which is duly authorized by the PNP, is

conducted to deter/ prevent the commission of crimes, enforce the law, and for
other legitimate purposes
COMPOSITION
1. TEAM LEADER

✓ Shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint preferable an officer
with the rank of at least Police Lieutenant
2. SPOTTER

✓ PNP personnel who will point/ profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint
3. SPOKESPERSON

✓ TL or member who is in charge of communicating with the motorists subject for

checkpoint
4. INVESTIGATION SUB TEAM

✓ In charge of investigation and documentation of possible incidents in the check

point to include issuance of Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation
Report (TVP)
5. SEARCH/ ARRESTING SUB- TEAM

✓ Designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest, if necessary;

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6. SECURITY SUB TEAM

✓ Tasked to provide security in check point area;

7. BLOCKING/ PURSUING SUB TEAM
Team tasked to block/ pursue fleeing suspects/ vehicle

ARREST
Taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense
MODES OF ARREST
a) ARREST BY VIRTUE OF A WARRANT

✓ Executed by law enforcers upon the written order of the judge

b) WARRANTLESS ARREST
Known as CITIZEN’S ARREST
Can be executed by either law officers or private persons
c) TIME MAKING AN ARREST

✓ An arrest may be made on any day and at any time of the day or night
d) EXECUTION OF THE WARRANT OF ARREST
The head of the office to whom the warrant of arrest was delivered for execution
shall cause the warrant to be executed within (10 days) from its receipt. Within
(10 days) the officer to whom it was assigned for execution shall make a report to
the judge who issued the warrant.
A.M. NO. 21-06-08-SC
RULES ON THE USE OF BODY-WORN CAMERAS IN THE EXECUTION OF
WARRANTS
• One body worn camera and one alternative recording device (minimum of two
devices)
• In case of unavailability, the officer can file a motion before the court, to use
alternative devices
• When making an arrest by virtue of the warrant, the officers wearing the body
worn camera shall notify the person to be arrested is recorded
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• Video and audio recording shall be activated upon arrival at the scene of
arrest
DURING WARRANTLESS ARREST
The arrest shall be recorded in the same manner as the arrest by virtue of
warrant
EFFECT OF FAILURE TO OBSERVE THE BODY WORN CAMERA
It shall not render the arrest unlawful or the evidence inadmissible. However,
officers who failed to use body worn camera without justifiable reasons or
manipulate the recording shall be liable for contempt of court
PERSONS NOT SUBJECT TO ARREST
Congressman and Senators
Sovereigns and Head of States
Diplomatic Personnel
Can a SENATOR or CONGRESSMAN be arrested if he commits an offense not
punishable for more than six years but NOT ATTENDING DURING SESSION? NO

ARREST WITHOUT A WARRANT

When in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed is actually

committing or is attempting to commit an offense (par. a, Sec. 5 Rule 113). This
is also termed as a flagrante delicto arrest
When an offense says just been committed, and has probable cause to believe
based on personal knowledge of facts or circumstances that the person to be
arrested has committed it (par. b section 5, rule 113). This is also known as hot
pursuit arrest. The phrase has just been committed connotes "immediacy" The
measurement of immediacy is between the time the offense was committed and
the time the arrest was made
When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal
establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or is temporarily
confined while his case is pending or has escape while being transferred from
one confinement to another (par. C, section 5, rule 113)

SEARCH

A process where law enforcement officers search a particular location, such as

building, vehicle, or person, to look for evidence that may be relevant to a
criminal investigation. A search may be conducted with or without a warrant
depending on the circumstances
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SEIZURE

Detention of an individual or her property, and removing the property from the
control of the citizen, or in effect, taking control of the individual

SEARCH WARRANT

Is an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines, signed
by a judge and directed to a peace officer, commanding him to search for
personal property described therein and bring it before the court
Name of the issuing court
Name or identity of the person to be searched
Description of the place to be searched
Description of the items to be seized
Signature of the judge

MODES OF SEARCH

1. SEARCH BY VIRTUE OF A WARRANT

✓ Search executed by law enforcers upon written order of the judge

2.WARANTLESS SEARCH

✓ Mode of search by police officers executed without the benefit of a warrant

VALIDITY OF SEARCH WARRANT

✓ Shall be valid for 10 days from the date of its issuance and thereafter considered
as void once not executed within the period required

TIME OF MAKING SEARCH

Section 9, Rule 126 of the Rules of Court clearly states that “the warrant must
direct that it be served in the day time”

PROPERTIES TO BE SEIZED

Subject of the offense

Stolen or embezzled and other proceeds, or fruits of the offense
Used or intended to be used as the means of committing an offense
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Objects that are illegal per se, even if not particularly described in the search,
may be seized under the plain view doctrine

WITNESS TO SEARCH RULE

Search of a house, room, or any other premise shall be made in the presence of
the lawful occupant thereof or any member of his family or in the absence of the
latter, two witnesses of sufficient age and discretion residing in the same locality(
section 8 rule 126 rules of court)

INQUEST PROCEDURES

In the Philippines, an inquest is a legal proceeding conducted by a public

prosecutor to determine whether a person who has been arrested or detained
without a warrant should be charged with a crime or released
The inquest proceeding shall commence up on the presentation of arrested
person by the police officer before the inquest prosecutor. The concerned police
officer shall also submit the following documents:

• Affidavit of arrest
• Statements of the complainants
• Affidavit of the witnesses if any; and
• Other supporting evidence gathered by law enforcement authorities in the course
of their investigation of the criminal incident involving the arrested person
DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED

a) MURDER, HOMICIDE AND PARRICIDE

b) FRUSTRATED OR ATTEMPTED HOMICIDE, MURDER, PARRICIDE, AND
PHYSICAL INJURIES
CASES
c) VIOLATIONS OF THE DANGEROUS DRUGS LAW
d) VIOLATION OF THE ANTI- FENCING LAW
e) RAPE, SEDUCTION, AND FORCIBLE ABDUCTION WITH RAPE CASES
f) VIOLATION OF THE ANTI-CARNAPPING LAW
g) VIOLATION OF THE ANTI- CATTLE RUSTLING LAW
h) VIOLATION OF ILLEGAL GAMBLING LAW