1.

“environment” encompasses natural and artificial physical factors that are closely
related to each other, surround humans and affect life, economy, society, existence
and development of humans, creatures and nature.
2. “environmental protection activity” means preventing and reducing adverse
impacts on the environment; responding to environmental emergencies; mitigating
environmental pollution and degradation, improving environmental quality;
reasonably using natural resources and biodiversity, and adapting to climate change.
3. “environment components” mean physical constituent elements forming an integral
part of the environment, including land, water, air, sound, light and other physical
forms.
4. “national environmental protection planning” means the spatial arrangement and
distribution and zoning of areas for environmental quality management, nature and
biodiversity conservation, waste management, environmental monitoring and warning
within a defined territory in order to protect the environment and accomplish the
objective for national sustainable development for a defined period.
5. “strategic environmental assessment” means the process of identifying and
predicting trends in major environmental issues to form a basis for incorporating
environmental protection measures into a policy, strategy or planning.
6. “preliminary environmental impact assessment” (hereinafter referred to as “PEIA”)
means the consideration and identification of major environmental issues of an
investment project during the pre-feasibility study or the investment project proposal.
7. “technical regulation on environment” means a regulation requiring mandatory
application of limits of parameters regarding environmental quality, concentration of
pollutants in raw materials, fuels, materials, equipment, products, goods and waste,
and technical and managerial requirements. The regulation is issued by a competent
authority in accordance with regulations of law on standards and technical regulations.
8. “environmental standard” means a regulation for which an entity opts at its/his/her
discretion in order to apply limits of parameters regarding environmental quality,
concentration of pollutants in waste, and technical and managerial requirements. The
standard is issued by a competent authority or organization in accordance with
regulations of law on standards and technical regulations.
9. “environmental pollution” means any change in the physical, chemical or
biological properties of an environmental component in breach of a technical
regulation on environment or environmental standard resulting in adverse impacts on
humans, creatures and nature.
10. “environmental degradation” means a reduction in the quality and amount of
environment components resulting in adverse impacts on the health of humans and
creatures, and nature.
11. “environmental emergency” means an accident resulting from humaninduced
factors or natural changes that cause severe environmental pollution or degradation.
12. “pollutant” means any chemical, physical or biological substance which, when
introduced into the environment, exceeds the permissible limits resulting in
environmental pollution. 16. “persistent pollutant” means a highly toxic and persistent
pollutant that has the ability to bio-accumulate and spread in the environment, thereby
adversely affecting the environment and human health.
13. “persistent organic pollutant” means a persistent pollutant defined in the
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (hereinafter referred to as
“the Stockholm Convention”).
14. “waste” means any matter in a solid, liquid or gaseous form or other form which is
discharged from production, business operation, service provision or living activities
or from other activities.
15. “solid waste” means any waste in a solid form or sludge. 20. “hazardous waste”
means any waste that exhibits any one or more of the following characteristic
properties: toxicity, radioactivity, infectivity, ignitability, reactivity or corrosivity or
exhibits any other hazardous characteristic properties.
16. “pollution control” means the process of preventing, detecting and eliminating
pollution.
17. “carrying capacity”of an environment means the maximum resistance of the
environment against influencing factors in order for the environment to be able to
recover itself.
18. “technical infrastructure serving environmental protection” means a system of
facilities used for collecting, storing, transporting and treating waste and monitoring
the environment, and other environmental protection works.
19. “environmental monitoring” means the continuous, periodic or unscheduled
monitoring of environmental components and factors impacting the environment, and
waste in a systematic in order to provide necessary information in favor of assessment
of state of the environment, changes in the environmental quality and adverse impacts
on the environment.
20. “greenhouse gas” (hereinafter referred to as “GHG”) means gas in the atmosphere
causing the greenhouse effect.
21. “greenhouse effect” means a process where radiant energy from the sun penetrates
into the atmosphere and is converted to heat, causing global warming.
22. “reduction of GHG emissions” means the act of reducing GHG emissions
intensity and increasing GHG absorption.
23. “climate change adaptation” means actions that humans may take to adapt to
climate change and reduce GHG emissions.
24. “GHG emission quotas” mean the amount of GHG emissions caused by a country
or entity for a specified period of time, expressed as tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2 )
or tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2).
25. “ozone layer” means a layer in the Earth’s stratosphere which protects the Earth
from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation. 35. “carbon credit” means any tradable
certificate representing the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) or one
tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) equivalent.