CTAHAAPT TPETbETO NOKOJIEHUA C.A. Opi0B [[porpaMMHasl MWKeHepuA TexHouoruu paspa0oTKH IIporpaMMHOro ObeciieueHHA 5-e n3aHne OOHOBIEHHOE H JOMOHEHHOE SS Se eeCepzeii AnexcaHdpoeuy Opnoe Nporpammuaa unkeHepua. YueGuuk Ana By30B. 5-e w3qaHne OGHOBNeHHOe KH AononkeHHoe. Crangapt TpeTbero nokoneHna Penensent: ‘Pusunnosus 10. H., k. t.H., uoueHT MockoBekoro rocysaperBeHHOrO yHuBepcHTera mevarH, Peeynkoe I. H., x. 7. #., 1oWeHT MockoBckoro rocyslapcTBEHHOTO TeXHH4ECKOTO yumpepenera um. H. 9. Baymana Banenyromtas pestaxiutelt 10. Cepeuenxo Beayutnit penakrop Hi, Prowayan Xyroxectnenmtit penaxtop C. 3awamescras Koppexrop C. Besneea Beperka Jl. Podwonosa BBK 32.973.2-018-0287 YAK 004.413(075) Opnos C, A. 0-66 Mporpammnas winkeHepna, YueGHuK Ans By308. 5-e usqaHHe O6HOBNeHHOe M AOTION- HenHoe. CraHqapT TpeTbero noxoneHna. — CN6.: Murep, 2016. — 640 c.: un. — (Ce- pia «YueGunk ana By30B»). ISBN 978-5-496-01917-0 ‘YueSunk noceAuLeH CHCTENMATHNECKOMY HANOMHINO MpHHIUHTOD, MOnene!l, MeTOROB H METpIK, HMOs SYEMBIX B HIDREHEPHOM MAKE COMAKHA CTOAHEN NporpaMMEIX cHCTEM. HsnOxeHM OCHOSM KAK KAACCH eckHX, TaK H THOKHX METOIOB paspaOOTKH, BONPOCH MEHEIDKMEHTA KIACCHYECKHX H THOKHX MIPOTPAMMEBIX ‘mpoekros. TlokasaHit nocrenkie Hay4HBIe H NPAKTHHECKHE NOCTIKKEHHR, XApAKTEpHYIOUNE ANHAMIKY p= ‘iris oro oGnacru, HanpuMep, 3HavITTesBHOE BHHMAHHe YeNAETCR CAMBIM CSBOHKIND TEMAM: CePBHCHO- CopwenTuposantiofi apxirrerrype H OGaHIM TEXKOOTHSM, IPEIMETHO-OPHENTHPOBAHHOMY TOSXOAY Ht HO- sefimelt merononor DevOps, paspaGorxe 4epes nosenenie. Onucax KoMIUIEKCHBif NO.IXON K peuleHiHo HawGonee BAXKHBIX BONPOCOB, BOIAHKAIOULAX B MPOTPAMMHBIX MPOEKTAX Tonyuteo Muictepetao o6paronanna m Haykn PoccniicKoii Penepaumn 8 kavecTBe y'4eOHnKa JUI8 Crynenros sxicumnx yueGubix saneseHii, oGysaiouuNcs no creuMansHocTH «TIporpaMnnoe oGecneveNHE BRIMHCHITEABHOH TEXHMKH H ABTOMATHSHPOBAKKBIX CHCTEM HAMpaAReHHIT MONTOTOBKH AKILIOMpOBAHHBIX creunanneros «Hudopmariika H BBIMNENHTENSHaR TEXHHKay ISBN 978-5-496-01917-0 © 000 Misgatensere0 «Iutep», 2016 © Cepna «Y4eGHnk ana By308», 2016 ‘Boe npana saunujenel. Hikakan 4acTe aHHOM KHHTH He MoKeT GuiTe BocnpoHaBEReNa KAKO G41 TO HH Guino chopMe (Ges nvceMenHoro paspewehis Bnajiens\es aBTOpCKX npas. Vucbopmauns, conepxauianca 8 AaHHOM KAMre, nonyYeNa Wa MCTONMMKOB, PaCcMaTpMEdeMbiX MaQaTENECTBOM KaK Ha~ Aemibie. Tes He MeHee, MMeR 8 BHILY BOSMOXHHIe NeroBeecKHe HM TexXKINecKHe OUMGKH, ManaTeNcTBO He MOKET FapatruposaTs aBconioTHyio TONHOCTS M NONHOTY NPHBOAMMEIX CBeREHHA W He HECET OTBETCTBEHHOCTH 3a BOIMOMHEIE ‘OuIMGK, CORaaHHbIe C McrOne3OBaHHEM KHHTH (000 utlurep Mipece», 192102, CansTerepOypr, ya. Anapeescras (a. Bonkosa) 2. 3, anep A, now. 7H. Hanorosas ssrova — oiepoceniiceiit enaccupuxarop nposyxuun OK 034-2014, '58.11.11.000 — Yeux nevaruute o6ueo6paosarensuoro wasKaNenis. Tloanucauo 8 nevars 14.08.15. @opwcar 7Ox100/16. Bywara nuevas. Yen. ns. S1,600. 3axas ‘Ommevarano s nonnios coorserersun c xaXecTBoM npenocTaBenHx WanaTenDCTBOM MarepHaOS 18000 «Kwa no TpeGorarno», 127918, Mocksa, Cymencei wan, 49,OrnapneHue Mpeancnosne k MATOMY M3MAHMO .. 6. eee eee cee eee eee e ee eee 13 BBOMCHNE 20... eee cee eee cee e cee n eee es teen neeeeeee ede Brarogapxoctn . 19 Orwanatensctea 19 Taga 1. Opranusauna npouecca paspaGoren. .. . 20 OcHosHble NOHATMA NPorpaMMHON MHKeHEpMK 20 Oduunanbxasa knaccuduKaua npoyeccos NporpaMMHOi UHDKeHEpun. . 23 23 24 24 25 26 29 31 33 34 35 36 37 Npoueccsi cornawenua . Mpoueccs! oprausaymoHHoro OGecne4eHuA NpoeKTa . . Npoueccti npoexta .. . Texnmueckve npouecce! . . . Basuc npoueccos paspa6orkn NO. Mopenib «KnacCu4ecKnin KUSHEHHbIA UKs». MakeTuposave. Crpatermn paspa6orxu NO. VrkpemeHtHan Mofenb CnvpantHaa Monent KomnoHeHTHo-opneHTupoBaHHan Mopenb . Taxxenosecnbie 4 O6nerdeHHble NPOUeCCbI Maxudect ru6xoi paspa6orku nporpammuHoro oGecneyeHna . . 38 XP-npouece wees : 40 Bepexnusaa paspa6orka nporpammnoro oBecnesenna 45 46 46 46 Nparyuin 1. Siakempauna notepe . Tipnnun 2. Berpansanne KaecTea . Npnnynn 3. Dopmuposanne HoBbIx sHaHHit Npunuin 4. OrknappieaHve HeoGpaTumbix peweHni 46 Npniyyn 5. Beictpan noctasKa saKa3unky ..... — ; 47 Npnnuyin 6. Yeaxenne k monam 47 Nunn 7. Ontumugzauma uenoro a7 Monenn kavectsa npoyeccos paspaGorKn. ... bese : 48 KonTponbibie sonpocsi n ynpaxHeHna 50 Tnasa 2. PykoBoAcTBO NPOrpaMMHbIM NPOEKTOM. ...... +66 eee eee SZ 52 54 54 55 OcosHtie nonsiTa pykosogcrea npoeKTom Havano npoexra. Vismepenna, Mepbi 4 MeTpHKH Mpouecc oueHku Avan pucka 55 Mnanmposanne . tees bene : 55 Tpaccupoaka KoHTposb 554 Ornasnenve Mnanmposanne nporpammuoro npoekra 56 Crpykypa nana ynpaenierina nporpaMMribim mpoeKTOM : 57 Mepapxmueckas crpyktypa pa6ot seen eee n eee ence eee 59 Ctpyktypa rpacuka pa6or nporpammuoro npoekta. . 60 KorTpont xoga nporpamMHoro npoekta — MeTos OCBOeHHOrO O6beMa . 66 YnpasneHne pucKom . . - 69 Vnentnepnkauns pica . 70 ‘Avanus pucka. . . 71 Paroxyposanne pucka vee “71 Mnatmposatue ynpaBneHin PUCKOM ........6..0.ee00eeeeeeeee .72 Paspewienne v HaGmogeHve pica... bese 1.73 Ynpasnenne nepconanom vee ce ..73 Tlon6op 4neHos KomaHiabi eeeeeeeeeerr 74 Bsaumogeiicteus B KoMaHze . Cocras rpynnta. . : Ynpasnenne noxymenTaunen . . Craaapre! W nonHoTa noKyMeHTauMn . . CornacopanHoct AOKyMeHTaUMn . . 75 76 7 .7 ..79 79 Ynpasnenne KoHdurypayne. . a ve : Vinertncpkauna oGvexros 8 KoHSpurypauni MIO... ss cceeee -81 Konrpont eepeni. : : 82 Korrpont nameneHnit . 82 83 83 85 86 . 86 Mnax ynpasnenua KoHdurypayyeni . Scrum-npouecc meHemxMenTa rM6Koh paspaGorKi [0 Scrum-komaniaa. : beees Bnaneneu nponykra : : Scrum-mactep........ poooo5oo5o5eqeeqe0050 Komanna paspa6orunkoa . . 87 Cnpmir 88 Tnaxmpoganue cnpunta . .. 89 opmar xyprana cnpunta . 93 OG30p cnpmta . 95 Perpocnexriea cnpuira... 95 KavGaH-npouecc Gepexnusoro MeHemKMeHTA - 96 KorTpontitie sonpocei n ynpaxHeHns . . = 100 Tnasa 3. OyeHKa npu nnaHuposanuu nporpammuoro npoexta .......102 PasmepHO-OpMeHTMpOBaHHble METPMKH . . .. 102 yrikunoHanbHo-opneHTMpOBAHHble METPUKH . ... = 103 BuinonvieHne oueHku 8 xone niaHnpoBaHHA npoeKTa 110 BoinonveHne oueHku npoekta Ha OcHOBe LOC- u FP-meTpuk - .110 Konctpyktmelaa Monenb cronmocTn. 112 Monee Komnosiyyin npunoxeHna . 2113; Monens patero atana npoeKTMposaliM.......sscscseeesseee 115 Mofenb atana noct-apxutekrypb! . sees 2118 NpeasapuTensiias oueHKa nporpammnoro npoeKTa . se 2121 Avianna 4yBCTBHTeENbHOCTH NPOrPAMMHOFO NPOEKTA .... 6... ee eee 125 ‘CueHapii noniexenna sapriarel.... 126Ormasnenne 5 CyeHapnis Hapauneanna namarn. 126 Cueriapni vcnonesosarna HoBoro MuKponpoueccopa . : 127 ‘Cuexapuii yMeHbweHma CpegcTe Ha 3aBepweHne npoexra. betes 127 KonTponsibie Bonpocel n ynpaxHeHna . . - 129 Tnasa 4. Dopmuposanne u ananns tpeGosannin .......... 2.226. -181 Bua TpeGoBanni x nporpamMHoMy OGecneYeHiNo. - 131 ‘opmmposanne TpeGoBaHni - 135; Avianus Tpe6osaHiii . . . . 137 >Kenaemble xapakTepncTukn AeTanbHoro TpeGoBaHiNA 141 CneunpuKauna TpeGoBannit .... 2144 Ynpasnenne Tpe6oeranuamn 146 KoHTponbHbie Bonpocel M ynpaxHeHna ... 147 Tnasa 5. Knaccnyeckne meronbi aHanusa ............. www.piter.com CrpyktypHbii aHanus. www.piter.com Dvarpanntei novoKos AaHHeIK : www.piter.com Onucanne noToKos faHHbix M npoueccos tees seeeeee .. www.piter.com Pacumpenus ana CUCTeM peanbHoro BpeMeHM. ..... 66... www.pitercom Pacuimpelve BOSMOXKHOCTEM yNPABNEHMA .. 2... 2. eee eee www.piter.com Moment cucremel perynnposalina naeneHi KocMM¥ecKoro KOpa6nA. . wwww.piter.com Meronbi atannsa, opmeHTMpoBalHbie Ha CTPYKTYPEI MAHHIK .... www piter.com Meron ananuaa JxeKcona . www. piter.com Merona -pkexcona. . wwwpiter.com War o6vext-neiicreve . www. piter.com War o6vext-ctpyktypa .... www.pitercom War HayanbHoro MofenupoBaHna: www.piter.com KolTponbHtie sonpocei u ynpaxHeHMn . www piter.com Tnasa 6. OcHosp! npoexTupoBanus NporpaMMHbIx CHCTeM .. . 149 OcoGeHHocTH Npoyecca CMHTESA NDOFPAMMHBIX CUCTEM «6... eee 149 Oco6eHHocTH apxnrektypHoro sTana npoeKTMpoBaHMs 151 Crpyktypmposanve cucreMts ... . = 153 Apxuektypa ¢ xpaHMAMUeM aHHEIX. - 156 Knnent-cepsepHan apxutektypa . . 187 Muoroyposiesaa apxutextypa. . 159 Apxuextypa KaHana m dunbTpa . ; ; - 161 Monenvposaxne ynpasnexia Sener eee eee eee 163 NarrepHbi ueHTpannsoBannoro ynpasnenus, wees - 163 NarrepHb! coGpiTuiiHoro ynpasneHia = 165 lexomnosmuna nogencrem Ha Moaysan 167 Pasnenenne nonsriai .. =. 168 MonynbHocte....... - 168 VncpopmauvonHan SaKperrocre 169 CaasHocTb Monyna .. = 170 ynKynonanbiaa cBasHocTe . 172 Vncbopmaunortas caasHocTe. : : 172 KommyninkatieHaa cansHocTs eereeree ere 1736 Ornasnenne - 173 174 175 175 176 MpouepypHaa CBASHOCTE. Bpementan CBasHOCTS . Tlormieckasi carsHocte . CeasHoct no cosnaneHio. Onpenenenne ceasHoctn monyna Cuennenne moaynei. 177 CnoxHocts nporpaMMHoli cncTeMs! . -178 XapaxtepucraKn mepapxn4ecKort CTpykTypei NpOrpAMMHO; cucTeMe 179 Nowarosas aetannsauns . - 182 Acnextet - 182 Pedakropmur - 183 KoHTponbHiie BonpoCkI M ynPAKHEHNA . - 183 [nasa 7. Knaccuyeckne Meroabi npoektuposanua ...... www.piter.com MetOon ctpykrypHoro MPOCKTUPOBAHUA.. 6... eee eee eee eee www. piter.com Tune vabopmaynoHHb!x NOTOKOB. ; www. piter.com Tpoextnposanne na notoxa AaHHbWX Tuna «npeo6pasoBanne>....... www.piter.com Npoexruposatine ans noroKa AaHHbIx Tina «sanpoce ve eee Ww piter.com Meron npoektnposatina Dpkexcona. . www.piter.com Doonpenenenne dynkunit www. piter.com Yuer cucTemHoro Bpemenn. . www. piter.com KoHTponbibie Bonpoce! uM ynpakHeHHA . www. piter.com [nasa 8. OcHoBb! o6beKTHO-opHeHTupoBaHHoro NpeACTAaBNeHUA NPOrpaMMHbIX CUCTEM .. 6... eee eee ee ee ee BE Npniyvints oGbexTHO-opHeHTuposaHHoro npeACTaBNeHVA NporpaMMHbIxX cMCTeM .. . 186 AGcrparmposatine .. . 187 nKancynsuna - 188 Monynbhocts : cee : - 189 Viepapximieckan opranngauna eee 190 OGvexret - 192 O6uian xapakrepucruka oveKTos = 193 Bubl oTHOWeHM Mexay OGbexTaMn . = 195 Cassn 2195 Buanmocts o6exros . - 198 Arperauma. ... - 199 KAACCBI. see eee eee see e eee eeeeeeeeenee 200 O6was xapakrepuctka Knaccos.. - 200 Buabi oTHOWeHHi Mexay Knaccamn. = 201 Accounaumu knaccos: 202 Hacneaosanne . 203 Arperauma. .. = 206 Sasncumocts . ; ; ; = 208 KouKpernsauma ......- see e eee eeeeeeeeenee 208 Basne asbika susyanbHoro MonenMpoBaHus....... = 210 YuncbuuvposaHibil s3bik MOAeNMPOBAHME . ... = 210 Mexaninamel pacwmpexus 6 UML Beeeeeeneeeeeer eter 212 KoHTponbuble Bonpoci m ynpaxHeHA . .. 214Ormasnenne 7 Tnasa 9. O6bexTHO-opvenTupoBaHHas paspaborka TpeGoBannii .. . ‘Dopmnposanne TpeGoBaHNi c NoMOUYbIO ANarpammet Use Case. Axtepti u anementei Use Case . OtHoweHns 8 avarpammax Use Case. :217 PaGora c anemertamn Use Case . : wees : +219 Creunenauna snementos Use Case ...... 66... ee eeveeeeeee 220 Batikomat — npumep avarpammi Use Case. . + 222 Acnextei Gankomara. . + 225 Tlocrpoesne monenn Tpe6oBannit : + 226 Ouerika nporpaMmuoro npoexra Ha ocHoBe AMarpammui Use Case . 231 ‘opmnposanne TpeGoBaHNi c NoMOWbIO AMarpaMMbl DesTeNbHOCTH . 237 Avanns TpeGoBaHni c nOMOWIbIO ANarpaMM BIaMMOneNCTEMA. .. : = 240 OGvexrein ponn....... eee 2a1 216 = 216 Awarpammes ssaumoneiicrena = 242 Aarpammet kommyHnkauin = 242 Avarpammei nocnenosatenbHocm . » 246 - 252 252 Monenuposanne noseaenna c noMowsio AMarpaMM KOHeSHEIX aBtOMaTOR Duarpamma KoHesHoro asTomara Aeiicrena 8 cocroanmax D , - 254 YcnosHble nepexonel . . . Seen eenereeneree 255 Komnosurpie coctosuna . 50500 — = 256 Micesnococronsna ynpasnenins « Tovmenene qarpann KoHesHbx asTomaTos KOHTpONbHbIe BONPOCHI M yNPAKHEHMA . . . - 258 261 Taka 10. OGbexTHo-opveHTupoBaHHoe npoextupokaHve Wpeanusauna........- /Aparrerrypioe npcexnuposaine. Awarpammts nakeros . 264 - 264 . 265 Avarpammet KomnoweHos - . 269 Aertanboe npoextuposanue . - 276 Quarpammel knaccos 276 Ockositie npnnunes aetaneHoro npoextnposaHna Tpwnuynel ynakoakn Knaccos & apxUTeKTYPHbIe NOACHCTEMb! DoxymerrTmposatne npouecca npoexruposanus . Npwruvnes noctpoeHis natTepHos . . Koonepaunu v narrepHbs Narrepx Ha6monarens . Narrepx KomnonoBwink. Nartrepx Komaxfa MbtwneHve 8 TepMnHax narrepHos - War nartepi-opvexTuposarHoro npoeKTupoBaHiia Npoekxtnposanue nonbsosaTenbcKoro uHTepdelica . CyuHocTHas addextusHocte. 301 304 . 307 . 308 34 312 313 314 CormacogaHHocts sana4 +315 HaGmonaemocrs sanay . ... .317 EnntooGpasue komnoHoeKn +320 Buayanbiaa casasHocts . : -321 Acnexto-opveHTuposaniice npoeKTposaline H nporpaMMUpOBAHNe. . 3228 Ornasnenne Pasnenenne nonsTuii . 323 OcxHosHbie Tepmunbi acnekTos 325 OcHoBt! KOMMOHEHTHOM OOBEKTHOM MOREA... sss ssvsssssossesseeeseeeenea 328 Opranaauna narepderica COM Diclieessseessereees 329 IUnknown — Gasosbilt nTepdevic COM . seeeeeeeeeeees 332 Ceppepb! COM-O6bEKTOB .. 2... 66. e eee eee cence eee eee cece eee eee 333 Npevmywectea COM. 334 PaGota c COM-o6vexramn = 334 Mapwannur . - 337 IDL-onucanne 4 6u6nnoteKa Tana cece ween eee 838 PassepTeisaniie nporpaMMHoii CHCTeMBI Ha annapaTHbix CpeACTBAX. ....... sss... 339 Aptemaktbl........... : sees 340 Yani .. 341 Avarpammel passepreipannia . wees 842 PagpaGorKa Ha ocHoBe npeaMeTHO-opmeHTMpoBaHHOrO npoeKTHpoBAHUs......... 344 DevOps — metogonorma maTerpaunn waros KMSHEHHOFO yNKna NO. . . = 345 KoHTponbHbie sonpocet v ynpaxKHeHHs . - 346 Tnasa 11. Oco6ennoctu paspa6orkn 6a3 maHHbIx....... www.piter.com OcHoBHbIe NOHSTUA Gas AAHHbIX: MODEAM BAHHBIK o.oo. eee www.piter.com Opranusayya pensyoHHor 6asbl AaHHbIX . = www.piter.com OrHoweHHe «oAMH-K-OAHOMY> . . - www.piter.com OTHOWweHHe «oAMH-KO-MHOrMM> . = www.piter.com OtHoweHne «MHorie-KO-MHOrM™. . www.piter.com Hopmannsauna penaunoHHemXx 6a3 BaHHbXx. . = www.piter.com Pacumpenue UML ana Mopenuposanina 6a3 AaHHbIX. . veeee eee e ee Wwpitercom Tinbi Monened AaHHbIx vee eeeeeeeee ee www. piter.com TaGnviupi, CyLAHOCTH, NpencTasneHNA n oTHOWEHKA feeeeeee www. piter.com Knioun, orpakveHna, Tpurrepbi v xpaHvMbie NpoueAYpbI........ www. piter.com Oco6eHHocTu oTO6paxeHna atpu6yToB O6beKTOB Mi KNaCcoB: B PeNAUMOHHYIO Gasy MAHHbIX . = www.piter.com Teriepan (cKpbias) uHcopmaunA . - www.piter.com Merananble oro6paxenns . = www.piter.com Oro6paxenne arpuGytos yposia knacca -. Wnw.piter.com Oro6paxenne aepestes Hacnemosanin 8 pennUOHHVIO Casy AAKHEIK. ... www. piter.com Oro6paxenne nepesa Hacnenosanua 8 enMHcTeeHHyo TabnNUy www. piter.com OroGpaxenne kaxqoro KOHKPeTHOFO KNaCca B OTAeNbHyIO TAAL . . . wwnW.piter.com Oro6paxenne kaxgoro Knacca 8 oTAENbHyIO TaGANUy. cesses Ww.pitercom OroGpaxenne knaccos B yHiBepcanbHyio TAG AMUHYIO CTPYKTYPY www piter.com Oro6paxenne MHoxKecTBeHHOrO HacnenoBaHiIA ....... -++ wwwpiter.com O6vekrEI M Gasbi AAHHbK: KnaccHNKaUA M peansaynA OTHOWEHH ..... www.piter.com Peanusauvia OTHOWeHN Mexny OObeKTaMH, = www.piter.com Peannaaua oTHOWIeHH 8 penAMOHHbIX 6a3aX AAHHEK............. MwMWpitercom Oro6paxkerne OTHOWIeHMiA OFBeKTOB B PENALMOHHY!O Gasy AAHHbIX. .... .. ww.piter.com OroGpaxeHne OTHOWeHIMA oo... voc ceeee eee eves WMW.pitercom Oro6paxeHue OTHOWEHMIA . 6... eee www.pitercom Oro6paxenne oTHOWeHNA «mHOrne-KO-MHOrAM> beceeeeeees www piter.com Oro6paxenue OTHOWeHMi KOMNOSMUMH...... feteeeeeees www piter.com Oro6paxeHue pekyPCMBHbIX OTHOWEHMA «6.6... www.piter.comOrmasnenne 9 Hacrtpoiixa Guicrpomelicrans Gasbi AaHHbix . KonTponbitie sonpoce! m ynpaxHeHna . . Tnasa 12. Metpuku o6bexTHO-opHeHTupoBaHHbix nporpamMMubix cucTeM .... Merpuueckne ocoGeHHOCTH O6beKTHO-OpMeHTHPOBAHHEIX NPOrPAMMHIX CHCTeM .. . 350 Jloxanusauna . Vnkancynauna Vinbopmaunontas saKpbtrocTe Hacnegosanne A@cTpakuna ...... Swoniouns Mep Cash ana OGLeKTHO-opMeHTApOBAHHE npOrpAMMHbiK cHCTEM CeasHOCTb O6beKTOB . : Cuennenne oGtexros - HaGop metpuk YngamGepa u Kemepepa Vcnonbsosakne metpuk YngamGepa—Kemepepa . Merpuiku Jlopenua Knana Merpniku, opextnposaltibie Ha knaccb! ‘OnepaunoHto-opneHTHpoBaHlible MeTpMKH . Merpuxu ana OO-npoextos HaGop metpnk PepHaHao AGpey AcnektHo-opwentposalible MeTPHKH. . . sees Merpuiku ans o6bexTHO-opweHTupoBaHHoro TeCTMpOBaHMA...... Merpiku vnkancynaunn Merpuku Hacnenosarma . Merpku nonumopdusma : KOHTPONBHBIE BONPOCHIM YNPAKHEHUA .. 6. sees eee cence ee eee eee ee eee ee www. piter.com www piter.com [nasa 13. Mpumepsi o6bexTHo-opveHTupoBaHHbix MPOUCCCOB paspaGOTKM .... 2... ee eee eee eee eee eee e eee O86 OcHosHbie NOHATUA yHUdMUyMPOBAaHHOrO NpoUecca paspaGoTKH ...... 386 Sranbi vw uTepaumn. .. . wees 388 PaGoune noroKu npoyecca . 388 Mogemn. 389 TexHueckne aptedaktot. 389 ‘Stank yxndnunpoBaHtHoro npouecca paspa6orKn . 390 Stan HAYAJIO (Inception) 390 ran PASBUTUE (Elaboration) 391 3ran KOHCTPYMIPOBAHME (Construction) 393 Stan NEPEXOA (Transition) . 393 Ouenka kayecTBa npoexriposanina . 394 PaspaGorka npocroro uHTepieiica nonbsoBaTeNs VIA BCTPOEHHON CUCTEMbI 395 Sran HAYANO. 395 Stan PASBUTUE 396 Stan KOHCTPYMPOBAMME .............. 405 PaspaGorka cuctembl ynpasneHa ToproBbiM aBTOMaTOM. 413 Sran HAYANIO. ..... +413 Stan PASBUTUE 416 Sran KOHCTPYMPOBAHME 42310 Ormasnenve PagpaGorka B CTMNe SKCTPEMANHOFO NPOFPAMMMPOBAHMA ...... eee ween e eee XP-peannsaunn . XP-wrepaunia ‘Snement XP-paspa6orKn . Konnextneoe snagenne KonoM. Baanmoneiicrane c 3aka3s4nkoM. Crovmocts usmMeHeHs 4 npoeKTHpoBaHne . Mnarmposanne e XP-paspaGorKe cuctemb! obemynean | 6arKoBcKNx Kap. Cneunduxaunn sakasuuka . opmuposanue TlonbsowarenboKix wcropwit- Mnanmposarne peanusaumn . Nnanmposarine uepaunn . KoHTponbHbie sonpocet m ynpaxKHeHMa [nasa 14. CrpyxtypHoe Tectuposanne nporpammuoro o6ecneyenus .442 OcHosbie noHaTHA M npHHYMNb! TecTHpoBaHiA MO Tectuposanne «4epHoro alyMka» Tectuposanve «Genoro auyika» . OcoGenHocTu TecTuposanina «Genoro auyMKa> . 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Pee eee eee eee Tectupopanne snemeHTos Tectuposanne unrerpaun Hucxonpsujee TecTuposalne MHTerpaunn Bocxonaujee TecTuposanie mHTerpaunn Cpastenne Hncxoasuero m4 BocXOAAUero TeCTMpOBaHHA MHTerpauMinOrnasnenne, 1 498 499 499 . 500 - 500 - 501 - 501 - 503 505 . 505 - 507 Tectuposanve npasunbHoc™ . CuctemHoe TecTMposaHne .... Tectuposanine socctaHosneHna Tectuposanue GesonacHoc™. Crpeccosoe Tecrmposane TectuposaHne npousBopvTenbHOCTH . VickyccTao otnaaKn . KonTpontitie sonpocet. Tnaga 17. O6bexTHO-opveHtupoBaHHoe TecTMpoBanve ...... Pacumpenne o6nactu npumeHenia o6beKTHO-opHeHTMpoBaHHoro TecTMpOBAHHA . Viamerenie meToauKn npn o6beKTHO-opHeHTMpoBaHHOM TecTHpOBAHAN . OcoGenHocTu Tecrmposanna O6beKTHO-OpMeHTMpOBaHHbIx «mopynel» . . . Tectuposanie OGbeKTHO-OpneHTMpoBAHHON MHTerpAUWN .. O6bekTHO-OpveHTMpoBaHHOe TECTMPOBAHMe NPABUIbHOCTH . Mpoektuposanve o6bekTHO-opveHTMposaHHbix TeCTOBbIX BapMaHToB. Tectuposanve, OcHOBaHHOe Ha OWIMGKAX ...... -510 Tectuposanne, ocHoBaHHoe Ha CYeHApMAx. .. . ve 511 Tectuposanine noBepxHOCTHOM W ry6MHHOH CrPYKTYpEl «ses. 513 - 507 - 508 - 508 . 509 Cnoco6t: Tectuposalna conepxalina knacca . 513 Croxactueckoe TecTupopanne Knacca .. 513 Tectuposarne pasGneHni Ha yposHe Knaccos 514 Cnoco6si Tectnposanna ssanMonelicTaNs KnaccoB . Croxactueckoe TecTuposanne .. 515 516 Tectnposatine pas6nenni .. . ord aeoilitg TecTMpoBaHne Ha OCHOBE COCTORHM ... 2.2... ee cece eee ee eens 518 PaspaGorka 4epes Tectuposanne 519 Cpena Tectuposanna JUnit ... - 536 Paspa6orka 4epes nosenenne 539 KoHTponbrble Bonpocti uw ynpaxHeHUA ... 541 Taga 18. Cepsucuo-opnentposannan apxutextypa. ............ 543 OcHosHbie NOHATUA CepBUCHO-OpneHTMpOBaHHON apxuTeKTypb! . . . . 543 547 - 551 XML-cranqaprel ana Be6-cayx6. Onpenenenne nitepdeiica se6-cnyx6bt . Be6-cnyx6ti u REST-nopxo... . 587 PaspaGorka cnyx6. . - 559) Komnosnuna cnyx6 . ve ++ 568 KoHTponbHble BONPOCKI M YNPAKHEHMA 0... eee eee eeeee eee 575 576 . 576 - 582 - 585 589 595 [naga 19. OGnaunpie TexHonornn Npeanoceinkn o6naunbix TexHOMOrMis .. : OcHosHtie noHATHA OGnaYHEIX TeXHONOrMi. .. Mogenu npegoctasnenna o6na4Hbix TexHonorin Apxurextypa o6nauHoro SaaS-npunoxeHns .. Cepsep npnnoxenna ans oGnauHoro SaaS-caiira KonTpontibie Bonpocel M ynpaxHeHHA . .12 Ormasnenve -603 603 Tnasa 20. O6ecnevyenne kayectea nporpamMHbIx CucTeM Onpenenexne kayectsa nporpammHoro OecneseHna Onpenenenne m uenn o6ecneveHis Kayecrea MO . 604 @axropes kavectea M10 . 606 AestensHocte no oGecneveHnio KaNeCTBAMO 0.2... vee ee eee eeeeeeee eee eeeees 610 Texnmeckve nposepkn m ayant 611 Mucnextuposanne.... 612 Bepndukauvs v sanunauns . veeeees 614 Max oGecnevenna kayectea NO: 617 KouTponbibie Bonpocti m ynpaxHeHna .........-. bebe ete eeeeeeeeeees 618 [nasa 21. Asromatnsayns paspaGorkn BusyanbHon MogeNM NporpaMMHOH CUCTEME! .. 2.2.0. eee eee eee www.piter.com O6was xapakrepucruka cucTembs IBM Rational Software Architect . www.piter.com Cosnate avarpammei Use Case.......... www piter.com Cosganve Avarpammbi nocnegosatenbHocTn. www.pitercom Cosnale avarpamMil KMaCCOB........... www.piter.com TeHepauma nporpamMHoro kofa........... . Www. piter.com Tpavocopmauna nporpammHoro Kona & Moen UML. www.piter.com BaKMOYEHE 2... e teen eee 620 Npunoxenne A. @akropei satpat noct-apxuTektypHor Mopenn COCOMO I .... 20... eee e cece cece cece et ee eee eee eee 622 Npunoxenne B. Buytpenhue 1 BHeuHKe MeTpUKK KAMCCTEA eee eee eee eee cece eee eeeeee ee www.piter.com Npunoxenne B. 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B qpenaguaroii rape pasnacuaerca Merpiueckuii amuapar Jui OueHKH KaYecTBa oGbeKTHO-opHeHTHpoBAHHBIX HPOeKTHBIX Peuennit: MeTPHKH OWENKK OGHEKTIIO-OPH- enuposarnoii cpssnocTH, cuerLienus; acrleKTHO-OpHeHTHpoBarHble MeTpHKU; LMMpOKO18 Bsenenve ugpectnsie naGopsi Merpuk UuzanGepa u Kemepepa, Depnatzo AOpey, Jlopenua u Kiya; onncnipaerea Merouuka Hx npuMenenust. ‘Tpuaanaras ratapa pemiaer satay mpeserramitn yrpuumtpowanioro mpouecca pas- paSorku o6beKTHO-opHeHTUpoBAHLTAIx MPOrpaMMUIbIX CHCTeM, Ha KOMLKPeTHBIX IpHMepax oGy4aer MeToaMKe MpUMeHeHHs Toro Mpouecca. KpoMe Toro, 3€cb paccMarpuBaerca XP-npouece okcrpemabHoii paspa6orkn. IIpumenenne XP-npouecca Takcke 1.110- crpupyerca npumepom. Yermpnauaras rapa onpeneaser Gasonbie HouATHs CTpykTypHOro TecTHpOBAHHA mporpammnoro o6ecnevenua (n10 HpuTuutny ) H aaKOMUT c anGomee TONYASpHDIMH MeTOAMKaMH JaHHOrO Bua TecTUpoBanHst: TecTupoBaria 6asoBOro nyt, Tecrupowannis peTBeli u oneparopoB OTHOMIeHI, TeCTHPOBAHHA HOTOKOB jLaHHBIX, ‘recTHpopanus nuKa08. Tiarnaquaras raza sour B kpyr nonaTuii dbynxwuonaxsuoro Tecrupowaiia TO 1 omlucbiBaer KouKpermiste cHoco6sl TecTupoBariist — nyTeM pasOueHu4A no 9KBUBaTEHT- TOCTH, arlasivga TpanM4HbIx 3Havenuii, NOCTpoeHHA AHarpaMM HpH4HA—caTeACTBH. Ilecriaanaraa rapa opventuponana Ha KOMIeKcHoe 1iai10%KkeHMe ComeprKarlHa mpouecca Tecruponarus: TeeTHponanue Mozyateli, recrupoparne uurerpaunin Mosysteli B IporpaMMIyio CUCTeMY; TecrUpoBarlue NpaBILIbHOCTH, HH KOTOPOM HPoBepseTCA CO- orperersie ccreMpi TpeSopannAM 3aKaIIHKa; CHCTEMHOC TECTHPOBAHHE, HPHt KOTOPOM mposepserca KoppextHocrs Bcrpanpasuia ITO B uexbryio KoMHbIoTepHyi0 cHCTeMy. Buecs axe paccmarpupaerca opranuzaunis oraaKn ITO (c uesbio yerpanierua BbisBaeH- nbix pu Tectupopanuu oumu60K). Cemnasuarast rapa o6y4aer ocoGeHHOcTaM OGbeKTHO-opHeHTHpOBAHIIOTO TeCTH- PpoBaHua, mpoBesenMio TaKOro TecTMpOBAMIA Ha ypoBre BHayaMbIBIX Moseeli, ypoRHe MeTONOB, yPOBHe KsaCcoB Ht ypoprle BaaUMOeLiCTBUA KsACCOB. 371ecb 2Ke OMMCDIBACTCA MeroauKa paspaGorku Yepes Tecruponanue (TDD), npimensiemast B ru6KUX mpoueccax, a TawKe ee pasBuTHe — MeToaUKa paspa6oTku uepes nopexenme (BDD). Kpome toro, oGcyxciaerca opranusayua nony.tapuoii cpeyst Tectupopanuia JUnit. B nocemnaguaroii raze o6cyxkqaiorca UxeOOrNA u OCHOBIBIe XapakTepucTUKM CepBHCHO-opHenTHpopaHHoll apxHTeKTYpbI, MOACTIAIOTCA HCHOMAyeMBIe B ITO OGsa- CTH cranaaproi, Take NpuHiyATIE BaaUMOselicTBILA co cay>KGamn, Kak SOAP u REST. 3nainTeabHOe BHUMAHHE yaesseTeA Maram Mpouecca paspa6orKH HOBBIX cay%*6, creunuxe u npo6s1emam dbopmupopanius KpyHIEIx CepBHCoB yTeM KOMGUHUPOBAHHA cyecreyioumnx cayxx6 menburero Macurra6a. Aesatnaquaras rapa wauesena na mupoKuii cnextp Boupocos, noKpsiBaioMNx oGnauHbIe TEXHOAOTHH: HPeAHOCHUIKH HX BOSTIMKHOBEHUA, OCHOBHBLE NOHATHA (BAP TYAMNZANUA, KONCOMMALUA, ONPeNeseHA O6s1aKa, GazoBbIe XAPaKTepUCTUKH, LOCTO- unerBa o6s1a4noro HOAXONa, KATerOpHHt OG1aKOB, MOsLEsIM HPELOCTABIIeHHs O6A4HBIX yealyr). 3nauiresbHoe BHUMANHe yjeseTCA paccMoTpeHiO KaK byHKIMOHATSHON, TAK i cTpykrypnoii opranusanun oGnaunbIx npuzorxKentuit. Apaguaras rapa orpaxaer npo6siemaruky ouertkn KavecTBa nporpaMMMbIXx CHCTeM. Buccs pews user o nosTun «KayecTBo TIO» u Bcex acnexrax ero oGecrieyenHs: HeAAX, chakropax, KONMecTBEHHOM TlOAXOTe K OHPesleeHIIO ypoBHia KaiecTBa, HPUBOAUTCA Beal HanlopaMa Jes TeABIIOCTH no OGecrleyeHiO KaecTBa. OrJeTbTO OBcyxTAIOTCA TeX- TMYeCKHe MPOBEPKH H aysTB, HTICHeKTHpoBaNHe, BepHi>UKalLA H BALAN, a TAKIRE ogpopmrenne niana no o6ecrievenitio Kayecrea TIO.Orwsnatenvcrea 19 Januar nepras riana jeMoncrpupyer nosMoxnocTH mpumenenus CASE-cucrembt IBM Rational Software Architect x peurenmio saa apTomariauun opmupopaHns ‘TpeGonanuii, axan13a, HpoekTHpopaltis 1 IpOrpaMMM{pOBAHHs IPorpaMMHOTO IIpOsLYKTAa. B npuoskennax ommcbrpaiorea pacernpie ra6miubl Ju1a Moslem garpat COCOMO II, mpupogsires 89 MerpuK LIA OUerIKH KAeCTBA HPOTPAMMHBIX IPOAYKTOB B COOTBETCTBIN co cranaaprom ISO/IEC 25023, nepewncasiores repwntibt s3p1Ka UML 1 ynndbrupo- bannoro mpowecca paspaGorkit. YueGnux upestasiavent 114 CryAeHTOB UNLKeHEpHOrO, CaKaraBpcKoro H Mariicrep- ckoro yposneii Komnbiorepnbix ceumabrocteli, Moxer OoITb Hoesen mpertonaBa- ‘TensiM, paspa6orankaM HPOMBIMLLIeNHOTO TIporpaMMuoro OGeceyenHs, MeHeLKepAM Mporpammpix upoeKros. Bor u ce, Hackonpxo yaatacp ara pa6ora — cysuTb Bam, yBaxkaembiii urate. BnarogapHoctmu Tipexxe scero, Mou cx10Ba vicpeneli mo6su poaurexam — Hue Huxosaesue u Anex- canapy Msaxosuuy Opaossim (ceTs1as HM 1laMstrb). Cambie Teruibie c10Ba 6u1arotapHOCTH CeMbe, POJUIBIM, JHOGUMBIM 1 OJIHSKHM JH0- jam — Jluse, Mnanne, Kene, Jlamenske, Bes ux JororepHenuis, BHMMAHHS, HOWep KKH, jo6poxesatenpHoct u cepeynoii sa6ors1 9Ta Kura HuKOrJa 651 Me 6outa HaHMcaHa. Bsixoy1 B cer aToli pa6ors! G51 6b1 HeBOSMOxEN Bre TROPYECKOii arMocipepbI, Gec- MUCIIEMNIBIX BONPOCOB Ht MOOXKUTENBHO! OFPATHOii CBAISH, KOTOPYI0 COB/LABAITH MBITIAMBBIE M MIlOrOUNCHeHHBIe CTY AeHTEI, Aprop HcKpenne MpHsHaresen BCeM TasanTMBbIM COTPYAHHKAM HgaTeNbCTBA <[lurep> 4 upexkite Bcero pykonoxureso HpoeKra IOun Ceprnenko, 61aroaps 11po- cbeccHonasusMy, HH TeRIMTeNTHOCTH, LOOPorKeATeTBHOCTH H NacToi4HBOCTH KOTOPOt MONO COCTOATHCA JaHHOE HIAAHHe. V{ koneuno, orpoMuoe criacn6o KoJuIeraM, BCeM JHOLAM, KOTOPHIE NPHHMMAIH y4a- cre B nyTeulecrBu Ho roposam, ysuiaM 1 GecKoHe4HBIM HepeysiKam crpambt IIPO- TPAMMHAS MHDKEHEPHA. OT usgatenbctBa Bali saMevaris,, HpeioxeHs, BoHpocst oTmpanasire no anpecy a1eKTponHolk HOTS comp@piter.com (iiaarexscrBo , KoMmbioTepmas peslaKUH). Mbt 6yzem panbi yaar pane mrrermte! Taapsr 5,7, 11 1 21, a racxe nputoxenua B 1 B cbopmare PDF Mono sarpysutb c caitra uajareascrsa. Ha ne6-caitre nanarenpcrea http://www.piter.com Bot Haiisxere Hoxpo6nyt0 unbopsa~ WHI0 O HalliMx KHMraXx.[nasa 1 OpranHu3zauns npoyecca paspa6oTKu Boroli raze onpexenaiorea Gasonbie HoustTHa nporpaMamoit uroxenepunt (uMKeHepUIL nporpammuoro o6ecreuena). Kak u 8 1u06oii uikenepHoii AUCIUILTANe, ocHOBTIBIMIL cocTapisONMH NporpaMMHOli WIDKerlepu sBAsIOTCA MpoKTHI (MpOrpaMMutble CH creat) 1 npoueccst, Gecresnnaiouute cosjanue npoxysros. Jlannas rapa nocRaMleHa mpoueccam. 3ecb paccMarpupaiores! OcHOBIIBIe NOAXOM K OpraHHsAulHH Mpowecca pas- paGorku, B riaze npupogares mpuMepsi k1accHeckix, COBpeMeNHBIX I HepcrleKTHBIIBIX npoueccos paspa6orku, o6cyaktalorca Moxe:TH KayecTBa HpoWeccon paspadorKH. OcHosBuble noHsaTua nporpammMHon uvnKeHepun Cospemennoe uexoneyeckoe o6itecTBO Bce Gombite H GoabINe 3aBHCHT OT KOMIBIOTEpTBIX cUCTeM, YHpaBseMBIx HporpamMubim O6ecHeserinem (ITO). ITH cucreMbI BecbMa Ha- croiiumo npounkaior Bo ce cebepsi YeTOReuecKO! aUBHH. OHH 6yKBabTO OKPy2KaIOT ‘ueTOBeKa 1 Ha paGore, 1 10Ma, Ha OTABIXe. Visnecrno, 470 annaparypa coppeMennbix KOMHDIOTEpMbIX CHCTEM OyeHD ca1O7KTTa, MBMECTE C TEM CUHTAIOT: CIOKMOCTS HPorpaMMHOro OGecrleveHHst MPEBOCXOAMT allniapat- Tyo caloxkriocTs Goxee yem Ha nopanoK. . Bpykc, u3nectHeiiumii asropurer B AaHHOii obsacrn, yrsepxaer: «CaroxHocts ITO snaterca cyulecrBeHTIBIM, a He BTOpocTeneHHDIM cnolicrzom> [6]. C ognoit croponsi, IO a6crpakrno 1 Hematepuastbno. Oxo He uMeeT dusH4ecKoit Mpupogi 1 npucyuuix ao! Hpupone OrpanMenuii, KaxkeTCA YeTOBeKY-TBOpLY O4CHD nogaraMBoii , 43 KOTOPOit MOXHO BCe, UTO yroaHo. C Apyroit CTOPOHE!, CHOAHOCTS NPOrpaMMHOTO OGecrIeveHHA MOXET MIPeBOCXO/UT BOSMOXHOCTH ‘uesOBeyeCKOTO pasyMa. Caeayer pasar nousTus u «nporpamMmHoe o6ecHesenne>. Tocyap- crpenmiii cranmapr 19781-90 u Mexaynapomuetii craraapr ISO/IEC 2382/1-93 onpe- geasior, uo TIO Bkmioyaer B ce6a He TOKO IporpaMMbI, HO Ht BCIO COHYTCTBYIOULyIO AOKyMeHTAMO, a TaKXKe KOHHTypalMMoUnble AaHHbIe, NeO6XOLHMBIe JULA NpaBHAbHOli paGorsi nporpaMm. YroGpl NoAYepKHYTS NaNHYHe MIOTHX daeMeHTOB H OTIATD salt caroxnocrs TIO, ero uacro HasbiBaior nporpaMMutoii cucremoii (IIC). Mra, uporpamaibie CHCTeMBI COCTOsT 13 COBOKYTINOCTH Nporpanm, aiistoB KoHMurypauuH, HeOOXOAUMBIXOchosnbie noHsTHA NporpaMMHOl MiDKeHEpHH 21 JUL YCTANOBKU STHX NporpaMM, H LOKYMeHTALWHH, KOTOpaA ONMCHIBAeT OpranHsaILiio cuicreMbt 1 OGbsCHAeT HOTbIOBATEAAM HOPsLIOK paGorbI C CHCTeMOit. Cosnaeres ITO npompiiuuientbim cHOcOGOM, KosLIeKTHBOM npodeccHoHasIOB-HILDKe- epor H HponaeTcs ow1b30RATeTAM B BULLE MPOrpaMMMbix HposyKroR. Paspabarbinaiorca MporpaMMutbie mpoaykTbI B paMKax mpOrpaMMutbIX HPOeKTOB. Tiporpammuniii npoexr (project) — sro ppemenioe upeaupuarne, upextasnaen- Hoe JU1s| COsANHA YNMKATbIBIX HOAYKTOB, Yeayr Huu peaystsraron [14]. Bpemertubtii xapakTep HpoeKra og¥epKuBaer, WTO y s0G0rO MpoeKTa ecTb ouperenenHoe HavaT uganepuienne. SaBepmlenne nacrynaer, KONA NOCTHEMYTHL HesIH HPOeKTa, 1LIM HPU3HAHO, ‘ro Hes1H HpoeKTa He MOTyT GbITb AOCTHTHYTBI, HIM He4ES.TA HEOOXOAUMOCTS B TIpOeKTE. Xapakreputerka «npemenubiii>, KaK HPaBHJIO, He OTHOCHTCA K CO3/LABAEMOMY B XONE mpoexra npoaykry, yeayre wan pesyabrary. BoapummicrBo npoekros npeapunumaerca JU LOCTILKEHUS YeTO!MMBOTO, JLITEABHOTO Peay.mbTATA — BPEMs KU3HIL KOHEUTIOTO TporpamMuloro HpoyKTa MOxET CyULECTBEHO MIPeBbILAT BPEMs KUSTIM HPOTpAMMIIOrO npoexra. B coctas HporpaMMHoro HpoeKra BxOMIT KaK sHogM (paspa6oTunKU), TAK 1 He- oGxoqumble Marepiaipiibie pecypcbi. BHUMAHME Yebi, PYCCKOSSIHOMY COOOILeCTRY He MOBES.TO: CKOKee HasBaHHe (MpoeKTHpORAHHe) MMeeT OHH H3 1aTOR LesTeETbHOCTH MporpaMMHOTO HpoeKTa. Tak 2K HaSbIBACTCA H BEI Hositsemas Ha 9TOM urare paGora, CyTh HpOeKTHPOBAKLHA COCTOHT B MOAYYeHHH 9CKISA, KOHUeHTYabHOTO peleHts TpeGyemoro ITO, mpesicTABAAeMOrO OGBITHO C TIOMOLbIO piicykon 1 HoscHenuit K Huw, B axrauiicKoli xe Tepmunonorun aneck yHorpeGaseTca apyroti Tepmunt — design. Byabre punmarenbit 1 He Hasbinaiite npoektuponarnem Bee arn pa6orst Hporpammuoro Hpoexra. Tepaunt npoepaaanan unocenepus, 1.1K unacenepua npoepamnnozo oBecnevenus' sreppbte 611 ucHobsoBaH B 1968 rony B KayecTBe TeMbI KONehepentIuHH, HOCBAULENHO! BompocaM MakCHMabIIOji 3arpy3KH CaMbIX MOMLIIBIX (110 TEM BPeMeHaM) KOMIbIOTEpOR. Tam 2ke Gbis0 ao OnpesiesienHe 9TOro TepMUHa, He yrparHBulee cBoeli aKTyAAbHOCTH WB nlactosutee Bpems: O nporpamauias wxenepus (Ui-KeHepHs HporpaMMuoro OGecteyeHUs) — cHcTeMa MIDReHepHBIX HPHMUMOB L141 CosaHHA 9KOHOMMITIOTO TIO, KTOpoe HaLeXKTO u axhipexrupno paSoraer p peanbrtbix Kommbiorepax [93]. Onpexeaenne sanoxii10 ocHopsi HoBoit Hay4Ho-npakTHYecKoii AUCUNILINEBI: Hy%- no 6bus1o cosa CHCTeMY HIGKerIepHBIX NHAHNOB, NPUMEHHMyIO K paspaborKe ITO, oGecneyuTs 9KONOMUUNOCTS H NalexHOCTS CrpouTenbcTBa, a TAKE Op>EKTHBHYIO pa6oTocHoco6iocTs KoHeuHoro HpoAykKTa Na pagIMYHBIX peatbHBIX MALLUNAX. Cnycra verneprh nexa Mexuynapojutbiii tepmunoaiormeckutii crantapr ISO/IEC 2382/1-93 aaer Gonee pasnepuyTylo (opmy.uposky: OQ nporpaMMuas mpKeHepus — cHcTeMaTHuecKoe MpHMeHerne Hay4HbIX H TeXHOJOTH- MeCKHX s1lartuii, MeTONOB 1 NpakTHyecKoro OmbITa K MpoeKTHpOBANI, peamigaLLitH, ‘TecTHpoBaHiNio Ht JOKYMerTHpOBAHUio HporpamMutoro OGecrieveHLiA B YeAX OTH MUGAILILH ero HPOUSBOACTRA, NOALepARKU H KAYeCTBA. * Bro Gotee TounBt, xoTA H Goxee AHHH, Repeson aHT-aniicKoro TepMutna Software engineering.22 fnasa 1. Oprannsauna npouecca paspa6orKn Jlarwiaa bopmyaiupopka BBosutT Mnioro nonaTHii, cMBIcT KOTOPEIX GyseT NosICHATHCA no mepe wrens yueOnnxa. Toauepkrem raapnioe: nporpamMuast uivkeHepUst OGecHe- Nupaer ynpabsteMblii, KOMIUIeKCTIbIii NOLXO K CO3/ANLHW0 CsIOXKNIOTO HPOrpaMMHoro MpoAYKTa KOUEKTHBOM HIDKeHEpOB, OMpeneNAA He WAH ITO! AesTesIHOCTH — OT TAYAAbHO! UAeH 20 MpeKpaMeHMA HCHOM3OBAHHA HpOLyKTa KAMeHTAMH. ITpHt STOM rapMonuaupyeTca B9aMMonelicTBHe pasHbIX CHeWWANHCTOR, rapantupys cHueprerHie- xii adpipex paorbt KosuIeKTHBA. Bykvanbuniii pyccxnii nepesox repauna software engineering neavaa uaaparb w1e- AeBpOM: BBy4UT OH KAK-TO He MO-pyccKu. TlosTOMy 1OuITOe BPeMsL B PYCCKOSISBIITOM mpocrpanicrse 6siTopat Tepmunt mexnonoeun paspa6omxu ITO. OsaKo TaKoik nepevon cy2kaul PAMKH NOWHTHA, OcTaRIA 3a GOpTOM MulOrHe acHeKTbI ANCHMMLTAHEL. VIMeHHO TOsTOMY B HANHOHANbHDIX CraHaprax YTBEpAMLICA HepeBOA NPocpamaMnan UIKENEpUs. Tiporpamanasi umokeepua — cpapiirenbHo Mooast AMCHUAMUTATA, Ce BOIpACT HYTb Goubure copoxa sier. [eppbie uvanuar wer (70-80-e ros) B Heli LOMMAMpOBAN KsLAC- cuecknii, Hpouerypxbtit noaxox, a cneayiomme aBaquaTe eT (1990-2000-e roms) — oGpexTHo-opuenTuponannniii 1oAx0x K paspadorKe ITO. Paguumuaior Meroabi, CpexcrBa H mpoueccb1 porpaMMHOit HHDKeHepHK. NIPVMEYAHME Tipoueccom aeck HaatinaioT Ha6op RaaHMOcRASAHHEIX paGor, KOTOpHIe MpeobpaayloT HCXOAMDIe AHHBIe B BbIXOAHBIE PesY.IbTATL Merogti oGecnenpaior pellenve mIMpoKOTO CHexTpa TeXHHYECKHX satay; NaHpUMep, na3z0BeM CJleLyIOUIMe 3ala4n paspa6orKU: OQ naanuposanue 4 ouenka nporpaMMuoro npoexta; Q anams rpe6opanuit K KoMHbIOTepnoli CHcTeMe B 1e10M HM K MporpaMMHomy o6e- crlevermio B YacrnocrH; Q_ npoexruposanue crpykryp nporpam (x crpykcryp s1aHMbIx), BXOsAULAX BcocraB IO; OQ xKoncrpynposanue nporpamMmnoro Texcra (apyrue HasBarlua: KOAMUpoBarHe, pO rpaMMuposanue, peanusaia); O Tecruposanne (BbiABeHHe OMINGOK B CosaHHBIX nporpaMMax Q conposorxaenne ILO, yake ucHosb3yemoro sakas4HkaMH. Cpexersa (yriamrst) nporpaMMnoii mrKeHepun OGecHEYMBaloT aBToMaTH3HpO- BaHHY10 WUIM ABTOMATHYECKyIO HOJULepxKKy MeTONOB. B esx COBMeCTHOTO NpUMeNeHs YTMIMTEI MOTYT OObeMHATHCA B CHCTeMbI ABTOMaTHSMPOBAHHO;i paspaGorKu IO. Taxne CHCTeMbI HpHHATO HasbiBars CASE-cucremamu. 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